The ‘Ecology of Peace’ is a conceptual framework that provides a model for exploring the multiple relationships between early childhood development and peace building. Both of these constructs are complex and expressed at several interrelated levels: individual, family and community.
In the field of peace psychology, structural violence is expressed through political and economic processes and oppression within a society, and has a toxic effect on human health. The root causes of structural violence include systematic deprivation, unfair political systems and powerful, inequitable social hierarchies.
In the field of peace psychology, direct violence refers to the interpersonal conflict that harms and has a toxic effect on human health. The causes of direct violence may be associated with physiological processes of development and may be informed by neurobiology.
In the field of peace psychology, violence is categorized as direct or structural; direct violence refers to the interpersonal conflict that harms individuals, while structural violence is expressed through political and economic processes and oppression within a society. Both can have a toxic effect on human health. The causes of direct violence may be associated with physiological processes of development and may be informed by neurobiology.
Horizontal social cohesion in contrast refers to the interconnections and networks within diverse local community groups and families.
Vertical social cohesion refers to the interface between government institutions and the people; as well as between caregivers and their children.
Social cohesion is a key element needed for peaceful co-existence within and among diverse social and cultural groups and it is divided into two forms - vertical and horizontal.
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