<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heckman, J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The American Family in Black and White: A Post-Racial Strategy for Improving Skills to Promote Equality</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daedalus</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spring</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70-89</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0011-5266 (Print)&lt;br/&gt;0011-5266 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In contemporary America, racial gaps in achievement are primarily due to gaps in skills. Skill gaps emerge early before children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when children enter school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting received. A growing fraction of American children across all race and ethnic groups is being raised in dysfunctional families. Investment in the early lives of children in disadvantaged families will help close achievement gaps. America currently relies too much on schools and adolescent remediation strategies to solve problems that start in the preschool years. Policy should prevent rather than remediate. Voluntary, culturally sensitive support for parenting is a politically and economically palatable strategy that addresses problems common to all racial and ethnic groups.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22605880</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heckman, James J&lt;br/&gt;eng&lt;br/&gt;R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R37 HD065072-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;2012/05/19 06:00&lt;br/&gt;Daedalus. 2011 Spring;140(2):70-89. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00078. Epub 2011 Jul 14.</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3351134</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of Chicago American Bar Foundation and University College Dublin.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>