<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conti, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heckman, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moon, S. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pinto, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pungello, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan, Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ScienceScience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomarkers/blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood Preservation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Mass Index</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholesterol, HDL/blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diet</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early Medical Intervention/*methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metabolic Syndrome/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention &amp; control</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar 28</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6178</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">343</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1478-85</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1095-9203 (Electronic)&lt;br/&gt;0036-8075 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24675955</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Campbell, Frances&lt;br/&gt;Conti, Gabriella&lt;br/&gt;Heckman, James J&lt;br/&gt;Moon, Seong Hyeok&lt;br/&gt;Pinto, Rodrigo&lt;br/&gt;Pungello, Elizabeth&lt;br/&gt;Pan, Yi&lt;br/&gt;eng&lt;br/&gt;1R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;RC1 MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;5RC1MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;br/&gt;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural&lt;br/&gt;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't&lt;br/&gt;2014/03/29 06:00&lt;br/&gt;Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1478-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1248429.</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4028126</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>