<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slopen, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shonkoff, J. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Albert, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yoshikawa, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacobs, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stoltz, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, D. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the U.S.: Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Prev Med</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Continental Population Groups</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Health Status Disparities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Welfare/*ethnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/*statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnic Groups/statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Income/*statistics &amp; numerical data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-56</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1873-2607 (Electronic)&lt;br/&gt;0749-3797 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INTRODUCTION: Childhood adversity is an under-addressed dimension of primary prevention of disease in children and adults. Evidence shows racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of childhood adversity in the U.S., yet data on the interaction of race/ethnicity and SES for exposure risk is limited, particularly with consideration of immigration history. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in nine adversities among children (from birth to age 17 years) in the National Survey of Child Health (2011-2012) and determined how differences vary by immigration history and income (N=84,837). METHODS: We estimated cumulative adversity and individual adversity prevalences among white, black, and Hispanic children of U.S.-born and immigrant parents. We examined whether family income mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and exposure to adversities, and tested interactions (analyses conducted in 2014-2015). RESULTS: Across all groups, black and Hispanic children were exposed to more adversities compared with white children, and income disparities in exposure were larger than racial/ethnic disparities. For children of U.S.-born parents, these patterns of racial/ethnic and income differences were present for most individual adversities. Among children of immigrant parents, there were few racial/ethnic differences for individual adversities and income gradients were inconsistent. Among children of U.S.-born parents, the Hispanic-white disparity in exposure to adversities persisted after adjustment for income, and racial/ethnic disparities in adversity were largest among children from high-income families. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous consideration of multiple social statuses offers promising frameworks for fresh thinking about the distribution of disease and the design of targeted interventions to reduce preventable health disparities.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26342634</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slopen, Natalie&lt;br/&gt;Shonkoff, Jack P&lt;br/&gt;Albert, Michelle A&lt;br/&gt;Yoshikawa, Hirokazu&lt;br/&gt;Jacobs, Aryana&lt;br/&gt;Stoltz, Rebecca&lt;br/&gt;Williams, David R&lt;br/&gt;eng&lt;br/&gt;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't&lt;br/&gt;Netherlands&lt;br/&gt;2015/09/08 06:00&lt;br/&gt;Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013. Epub 2015 Sep 2.</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland. Electronic address: nslopen@umd.edu.&lt;br/&gt;Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts.&lt;br/&gt;University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.&lt;br/&gt;Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, New York.&lt;br/&gt;Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.&lt;br/&gt;Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.&lt;br/&gt;Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>