<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betancourt, T. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scorza, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meyers-Ohki, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mushashi, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kayiteshonga, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binagwaho, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stulac, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beardslee, W. R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Validating the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children in Rwanda</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">*Mass Screening/methods/standards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavioral Symptoms/*diagnosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive Value of Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reproducibility of Results</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ROC Curve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rwanda/epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Translations</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1284-92</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1527-5418 (Electronic)&lt;br/&gt;0890-8567 (Linking)</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OBJECTIVE: We assessed the validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) as a screen for depression in Rwandan children and adolescents. Although the CES-DC is widely used for depression screening in high-income countries, its validity in low-income and culturally diverse settings, including sub-Saharan Africa, is unknown. METHOD: The CES-DC was selected based on alignment with local expressions of depression-like problems in Rwandan children and adolescents. To examine criterion validity, we compared CES-DC scores to depression diagnoses on a structured diagnostic interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI KID), in a sample of 367 Rwandan children and adolescents aged 10 through 17 years. Caregiver and child or adolescent self-reports endorsing the presence of local depression-like problems agahinda kenshi (persistent sorrow) and kwiheba (severe hopelessness) were also examined for agreement with MINI KID diagnosis. RESULTS: The CES-DC exhibited good internal reliability (alpha = .86) and test-retest reliability (r = .85). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CES-DC was 0.825 when compared to MINI KID diagnoses, indicating a strong ability to distinguish between depressed and nondepressed children and adolescents in Rwanda. A cut point of&gt;/=30 corresponded with a sensitivity of 81.9% and a specificity of 71.9% in this referred sample. MINI KID diagnosis was well aligned with local expressions of depression-like problems. CONCLUSION: The CES-DC demonstrates good psychometric properties for clinical screening and evaluation in Rwanda, and should be considered for use in this and other low-resource settings. Population samples are needed to determine a generalizable cut point in nonreferred samples.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23200285</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betancourt, Theresa&lt;br/&gt;Scorza, Pamela&lt;br/&gt;Meyers-Ohki, Sarah&lt;br/&gt;Mushashi, Christina&lt;br/&gt;Kayiteshonga, Yvonne&lt;br/&gt;Binagwaho, Agnes&lt;br/&gt;Stulac, Sara&lt;br/&gt;Beardslee, William R&lt;br/&gt;eng&lt;br/&gt;K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R34MH084679-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;K01MH077246-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/&lt;br/&gt;Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural&lt;br/&gt;Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't&lt;br/&gt;2012/12/04 06:00&lt;br/&gt;J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;51(12):1284-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Nov 8.</style></notes><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5730330</style></custom2><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Program on Children and Global Adversity, Francois-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Theresa_Betancourt@harvard.edu</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>