<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Radtke, K M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruf, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunter, H M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dohrmann, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schauer, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meyer, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elbert, T</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transgenerational impact of intimate partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transl Psychiatry</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transl Psychiatry</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Methylation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early Growth Response Protein 1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intergenerational Relations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maternal-Fetal Exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promoter Regions, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Receptors, Glucocorticoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Retrospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Partners</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Prenatal exposure to maternal stress can have lifelong implications for psychological function, such as behavioral problems and even the development of mental illness. Previous research suggests that this is due to transgenerational epigenetic programming of genes operating in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, it is not known whether intrauterine exposure to maternal stress affects the epigenetic state of these genes beyond infancy. Here, we analyze the methylation status of the GR gene in mothers and their children, at 10-19 years after birth. We combine these data with a retrospective evaluation of maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Methylation of the mother&amp;#39;s GR gene was not affected by IPV. For the first time, we show that methylation status of the GR gene of adolescent children is influenced by their mother&amp;#39;s experience of IPV during pregnancy. As these sustained epigenetic modifications are established in utero, we consider this to be a plausible mechanism by which prenatal stress may program adult psychosocial function.&lt;/p&gt;
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