<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panter-Brick, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eggerman, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Safdar, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violence, suffering, and mental health in Afghanistan: a school-based survey.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afghan Campaign 2001-</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afghanistan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Attitude to Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Welfare</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faculty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health Surveys</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life Change Events</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaires</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Violence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Sep 5</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">374</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">807-16</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;BACKGROUND: Studies in Afghanistan have shown substantial mental health problems in adults. We did a survey of young people (11-16 years old) in the country to assess mental health, traumatic experiences, and social functioning.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;METHODS: In 2006, we interviewed 1011 children, 1011 caregivers, and 358 teachers, who were randomly sampled in 25 government-operated schools within three purposively chosen areas (Kabul, Bamyan, and Mazar-e-Sharif municipalities). We assessed probable psychiatric disorder and social functioning in students with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire multi-informant (child, parent, teacher) ratings. We also used the Depression Self-Rating Scale and an Impact of Events Scale. We assessed caregiver mental health with both international and culturally-specific screening instruments (Self-Reported Questionnaire and Afghan Symptom Checklist). We implemented a checklist of traumatic events to examine the exposure to, and nature of, traumatic experiences. We analysed risk factors for mental health and reports of traumatic experiences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;FINDINGS: Trauma exposure and caregiver mental health were predictive across all child outcomes. Probable psychiatric ratings were associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.47, 95% CI 1.65-3.68), five or more traumatic events (2.58, 1.36-4.90), caregiver mental health (1.11, 1.08-1.14), and residence areas (0.29, 0.17-0.51 for Bamyan and 0.37, 0.23-0.57 for Mazar-e-Sharif vs Kabul). The same variables predicted symptoms of depression. Two thirds of children reported traumatic experiences. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were associated with five or more traumatic events (3.07, 1.78-5.30), caregiver mental health (1.06, 1.02-1.09), and child age (1.19, 1.04-1.36). Children&amp;#39;s most distressing traumatic experiences included accidents, medical treatment, domestic and community violence, and war-related events.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;INTERPRETATION: Young Afghans experience violence that is persistent and not confined to acts of war. Our study emphasises the value of school-based initiatives to address child mental health, and the importance of understanding trauma in the context of everyday forms of suffering, violence, and adversity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9692</style></issue></record></records></xml>