<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hiscock, Harriet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bayer, Jordana K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Price, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ukoumunne, Obioha C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rogers, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wake, Melissa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universal parenting programme to prevent early childhood behavioural problems: cluster randomised trial.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMJ</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child Behavior Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mental Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mothers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parenting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychotherapy, Group</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treatment Outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victoria</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008 Feb 9</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">336</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">318-21</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a parenting programme, offered universally in primary care, can prevent behavioural problems in children and improve parenting and maternal mental health.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SETTING: 40 primary care nursing centres (clusters) in Victoria, Australia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PARTICIPANTS: 733 English speaking mothers of 8 month old children sequentially recruited from well child appointments; 656 retained at 24 months.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;INTERVENTION: Structured three session programme at age 8-15 months, co-led by well child providers and a parenting expert. The programme covered normal development and behaviour, strategies to increase desired behaviour, and strategies to reduce unwanted behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal report of child externalising behaviour (child behavior checklist 1(1/2)-5 year old), parenting (parent behavior checklist), and maternal mental health (depression anxiety stress scales) at 18 and 24 months.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RESULTS: At 18 months, child behaviour and parenting scores were similar in the two groups. At 24 months, externalising scores in the intervention and control groups were similar (mean 11.9 (SD 7.2) v 12.9 (7.4)); however, on the parent behavior checklist subscale scores, intervention group parents were less likely to report harsh/abusive parenting (mean 38.9 (SD 7.7) v 40.5 (8.8); adjusted mean difference -1.83, 95% confidence interval -3.12 to -0.55) and unreasonable expectations of child development (40.9 (9.9) v 42.7 (9.6); -2.18, -3.74 to -0.62). Mean scores for nurturing parenting and maternal mental health were similar in the two groups at both times.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CONCLUSIONS: A universal parenting programme resulted in modest improvement in parenting factors that predict behavioural problems in children but did not reduce externalising behavioural problems or affect maternal mental health at 2 years. Trial registration ISRCTN 77531789.&lt;/p&gt;
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