@article {6316, title = {Young children and families in crisis and displacement: Selected articles from our Early Childhood Matters publication}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {forced displacement, refugee and migrant children, refugee families}, url = {https://bernardvanleer.org/app/uploads/2019/12/BVLF19_ECM_booklet_ENG_digital.pdf}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {606, title = {Youth Violence: What We Need to Know. Report of the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Advisory Committee to the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Directorate}, year = {2013}, institution = {National Science Foundation}, address = {Arlington}, url = {http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/reports/Youth_Violence_What_We_Need_To_Know.pdf}, author = {B. J. Bushman and K. Newman} } @article {5877, title = {Youth violence. Developmental pathways and prevention challenges}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {20}, number = {1 Suppl}, year = {2001}, note = {Dahlberg, L L
Potter, L B
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Am J Prev Med. 2001 Jan;20(1 Suppl):3-14.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {3-14}, edition = {2001/01/09}, abstract = {Youth violence is an important public health problem. During the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s, the United States witnessed unprecedented levels of violence among the nation{\textquoteright}s youths. Homicide remains one of the leading causes of death for young people aged 10 to 24 years. This paper reviews the major trends in homicide victimization and perpetration among youths during the past decade, the developmental pathways of delinquent and violent behavior and the context in which these behaviors occur, and some of the challenges associated with disrupting these pathways and preventing violence. Previous research reveals that multiple pathways lead toward violence and delinquency. Predicting which pathway a youth will follow, or if one will be followed at all, depends to some extent on a host of other biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors present as young people transition from early childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. Preventing violence requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account developmental needs, tasks, and supports.}, keywords = {*Psychology, Adolescent, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Infant, Juvenile Delinquency/psychology, Male, United States, Violence/prevention \& control/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797}, doi = {10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00268-3}, author = {Dahlberg, L. L. and Potter, L. B.} } @article {4816, title = {Youth mental health after civil war: the importance of daily stressors}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {206}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Newnham, Elizabeth A
Pearson, Rebecca M
Stein, Alan
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
097822/Z/11/ZR/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/12/17 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;206(2):116-21. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146324. Epub 2014 Dec 11.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {116-21}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that post-conflict stressors in addition to war trauma play an important role in the development of psychopathology. AIMS: To investigate whether daily stressors mediate the association between war exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress and depression among war-affected youth. METHOD: Standardised assessments were conducted with 363 Sierra Leonean youth (26.7\% female, mean age 20.9, s.d. = 3.38) 6 years post-war. RESULTS: The extent of war exposures was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (P<0.05) and a significant proportion was explained by indirect pathways through daily stressors (0.089, 95\% CI 0.04-0.138, P<0.001). In contrast, there was little evidence for an association from war exposure to depression scores (P = 0.127); rather any association was explained via indirect pathways through daily stressors (0.103, 95\% CI 0.048-0.158, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among war-affected youth, the association between war exposure and psychological distress was largely mediated by daily stressors, which have potential for modification with evidence-based intervention.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Depression/complications/*psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Statistical, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications/*psychology, Stress, Psychological/complications/*psychology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Newnham, E. A. and Pearson, R. M. and Stein, A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4791, title = {The Youth Readiness Intervention for war-affected youth}, journal = {J Adolesc Health}, volume = {56}, number = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Newnham, Elizabeth A
McBain, Ryan K
Hann, Katrina
Akinsulure-Smith, Adeyinka M
Weisz, John
Lilienthal, Grace M
Hansen, Nathan
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/05/25 06:00
J Adolesc Health. 2015 Jun;56(6):606-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.020.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {606-11}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Mental disorders are among the largest contributors to the global burden of disease. Since the cessation of the Sierra Leonean civil war in 2002, there have been few mental health resources available for war-affected youth. Co-occurring psychological problems are commonly reported by youth in the post-conflict setting, suggesting a need for evidence-based interventions that cater to comorbid psychological difficulties. This feasibility study outlines the implementation and evaluation of a mixed-methods approach for developing and piloting a culturally grounded group mental health treatment-the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI)-for war-affected Sierra Leonean youth. METHODS: Participating youth (N = 32; 50\% female; ages, 15-24 years) were allocated to one of four gender- and age-stratified groups, facilitated by gender-matched Sierra Leonean interventionists. The intervention comprised adapted cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to address issues pertinent to war-affected youth. Analyses comprised assessments of reliable symptom change, mental health, functional adaptation, and interventionist fidelity outcomes. RESULTS: The YRI was found to be acceptable, feasible and associated with reliable changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms and improvements in functional impairments and emotion regulation (mean effect size, d = .64). CONCLUSIONS: Youth struggling with the mental health consequences of past trauma due to war merit special attention. The YRI presents a feasible and acceptable intervention for use in this low resource setting. A randomized controlled trial is planned to further test intervention effectiveness and scalability.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/etiology/therapy, Cognitive Therapy/*methods, Depression/etiology/therapy, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pilot Projects, Post-conflict, Psychotherapy intervention, Sierra Leone, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology/psychology/*therapy, War Exposure/*adverse effects, War-affected, Young Adult, youth}, isbn = {1879-1972 (Electronic)
1054-139X (Linking)}, author = {Newnham, E. A. and McBain, R. K. and Hann, K. and Akinsulure-Smith, A. M. and Weisz, J. and Lilienthal, G. M. and Hansen, N. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {393, title = {Young children{\textquoteright}s reactions to war-related stress: a survey and assessment of an innovative intervention.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {121}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Jan}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess stress reactions in young children during and after war and the effects of a new brief intervention.

METHODS: Two separate studies were conducted. In study I, we assessed war exposure and stress reactions of 74 children (2-7 years of age) in a sheltered camp during the second Israel-Lebanon war (July to August 2006). Their exposure to war experiences and their stress reactions were assessed through parental reports during the last week of the war. In addition to standard care, 35 children received a brief intervention (Huggy-Puppy intervention) aimed at encouraging them to care for a needy Huggy-Puppy doll that was given to them as a gift. The effects of the Huggy-Puppy intervention were assessed in a follow-up interview 3 weeks after the war. Study II assessed the efficacy of group administration of the Huggy-Puppy intervention to 191 young children, compared with 101 control subjects. The effects of the intervention on stress-related symptoms after the war were assessed in telephone interviews with the parents.

RESULTS: Study I indicated that, during the war, most children had significant exposure to war-related experiences and had severe stress reactions. The Huggy-Puppy intervention was associated with significant reductions in stress reactions in the postwar assessment. A higher level of attachment and involvement with the doll was associated with better outcomes. The results of study II indicated that group administration of the Huggy-Puppy intervention was associated with significant reductions in stress reactions.

CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that the Huggy-Puppy intervention may offer pediatricians and other child health care professionals a promising, cost-effective intervention for children during stressful times.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Age Factors, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Intervention Studies, Interviews as Topic, Israel, Male, Probability, Psychotherapy, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, War}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2007-1348}, author = {Sadeh, Avi and Hen-Gal, Shai and Tikotzky, Liat} } @article {6459, title = {Youth and peace and security. Report of the Secretary-General}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {peace, security, United Nations, youth leadership}, url = {https://undocs.org/en/S/2020/167?fbclid=IwAR2NWS8hKdKWwgPNLWJp3o1fhJDwLF4UxJX2U73tPCWKRozRytjCwP0oKC4}, author = {UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil} }