@article {4941, title = {Using Mixed-Methods Research to Adapt and Evaluate a Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda}, journal = {Afr J Trauma Stress}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Stevenson, Anne
Ingabire, Charles
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Munyana, Morris
Mushashi, Christina
Teta, Sharon
Fayida, Ildephonse
Cyamatare, Felix Rwabukwisi
Stulac, Sara
Beardslee, William R
eng
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Uganda
2011/06/01 00:00
Afr J Trauma Stress. 2011 Jun;2(1):32-45.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {32-45}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Research in several international settings indicates that children and adolescents affected by HIV and other compounded adversities are at increased risk for a range of mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal. More intervention research is needed to develop valid measurement and intervention tools to address child mental health in such settings. OBJECTIVE: This article presents a collaborative mixed-methods approach to designing and evaluating a mental health intervention to assist families facing multiple adversities in Rwanda. METHODS: Qualitative methods were used to gain knowledge of culturally-relevant mental health problems in children and adolescents, individual, family and community resources, and contextual dynamics among HIV-affected families. This data was used to guide the selection and adaptation of mental health measures to assess intervention outcomes. Measures were subjected to a quantitative validation exercise. Qualitative data and community advisory board input also informed the selection and adaptation of a family-based preventive intervention to reduce the risk for mental health problems among children in families affected by HIV.. Community-based participatory methods were used to ensure that the intervention targeted relevant problems manifest in Rwandan children and families and built on local strengths. RESULTS: Qualitative data on culturally-appropriate practices for building resilience in vulnerable families has enriched the development of a Family-Strengthening Intervention (FSI). Input from community partners has also contributed to creating a feasible and culturally-relevant intervention. Mental health measures demonstrate strong performance in this population. CONCLUSION: The mixed-methods model discussed represents a refined, multi-phase protocol for incorporating qualitative data and community input in the development and evaluation of feasible, culturally-sound quantitative assessments and intervention models. The mixed-methods approach may be applied to research in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Stevenson, A. and Ingabire, C. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Munyana, M. and Mushashi, C. and Teta, S. and Fayida, I. and Cyamatare, F. R. and Stulac, S. and Beardslee, W. R.} } @article {657, title = {Update on Neuroimaging and Cognitive Functioning in Maltreatment-Related Pediatric PTSD: Treatment Implications}, journal = {Journal of Family ViolenceJournal of Family ViolenceJournal of Family Violence}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/01/01}, pages = {53-61}, publisher = {Springer US}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Interventions, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological testing, Pediatric PTSD}, isbn = {0885-7482}, doi = {10.1007/s10896-012-9489-2}, author = {Carrion, VictorG and Wong, ShaneS and Kletter, Hilit} } @article {2736, title = {Using survey data to explore preschool children{\textquoteright}s ethnic awareness and attitudes}, journal = {Journal of Early Childhood Research}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, month = {June 1, 2011}, pages = {175-187}, abstract = {This article presents the findings of a large-scale survey (n = 1049) of ethnic awareness and attitudes among three to four-year-old children in Northern Ireland. In drawing upon and applying Bourdieu{\textquoteright}s notion of habitus, the article demonstrates how, even at this age, the children are already beginning to embody and internalize the cultural habits and dispositions of their respective ethnic groups; namely the Protestant and Catholic communities. This is illustrated in the present article in relation to the children{\textquoteright}s attitudes towards particular national flags and awareness of specific sports associated with their respective communities. Informed by the work of Bourdieu, the article concludes by arguing for the need for greater use of quantitative methods in conjunction with in-depth qualitative and ethnographic research to help further our understanding of the influence of ethnicity in young children{\textquoteright}s lives.}, doi = {10.1177/1476718x10387898}, url = {http://ecr.sagepub.com/content/9/2/175.abstract}, author = {Connolly, P.} } @article {5708, title = {Understanding conscientiousness across the life course: an economic perspective}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {50}, number = {5}, year = {2014}, note = {Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James J
eng
5R01HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD32058-3/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2014/04/30 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2014 May;50(5):1451-9. doi: 10.1037/a0036426.}, month = {May}, pages = {1451-9}, abstract = {We discuss recent developments in the literature on the role of conscientiousness on healthy aging within an economic framework that helps to systematize and interpret the existing evidence.}, keywords = {*Personality/physiology, *Research Design, Aging/physiology/*psychology, Brain/physiology, Databases, Factual, Executive Function/physiology, Health, Humans, Impulsive Behavior/physiology, Models, Economic, Models, Psychological, Neurosciences/*methods}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Conti, G. and Heckman, J. J.} } @article {6245, title = {UK Chief Medical Officers{\textquoteright} Physical Activity Guidelines}, year = {2019}, institution = {Gov.UK}, keywords = {Health, physical activity}, url = {https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/832868/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf}, author = {Foster, C} } @article {5710, title = {Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes}, journal = {Am Econ Rev}, volume = {103}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2014/03/19 06:00
Am Econ Rev. 2013 Oct;103(6):2052-2086. doi: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2052.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {2052-2086}, abstract = {A growing literature establishes that high quality early childhood interventions targeted toward disadvantaged children have substantial impacts on later life outcomes. Little is known about the mechanisms producing these impacts. This paper uses longitudinal data on cognitive and personality traits from an experimental evaluation of the influential Perry Preschool program to analyze the channels through which the program boosted both male and female participant outcomes. Experimentally induced changes in personality traits explain a sizable portion of adult treatment effects.}, keywords = {academic motivation, cognitive traits, early childhood interventions, experimentally estimated production functions, externalizing behavior, factor analysis, human capital, Human Development, Perry Preschool program, personality traits, social experiments}, isbn = {0002-8282 (Print)
0002-8282 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P.} } @article {383, title = {Universal parenting programme to prevent early childhood behavioural problems: cluster randomised trial.}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {336}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Feb 9}, pages = {318-21}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a parenting programme, offered universally in primary care, can prevent behavioural problems in children and improve parenting and maternal mental health.

DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial.

SETTING: 40 primary care nursing centres (clusters) in Victoria, Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: 733 English speaking mothers of 8 month old children sequentially recruited from well child appointments; 656 retained at 24 months.

INTERVENTION: Structured three session programme at age 8-15 months, co-led by well child providers and a parenting expert. The programme covered normal development and behaviour, strategies to increase desired behaviour, and strategies to reduce unwanted behaviour.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal report of child externalising behaviour (child behavior checklist 1(1/2)-5 year old), parenting (parent behavior checklist), and maternal mental health (depression anxiety stress scales) at 18 and 24 months.

RESULTS: At 18 months, child behaviour and parenting scores were similar in the two groups. At 24 months, externalising scores in the intervention and control groups were similar (mean 11.9 (SD 7.2) v 12.9 (7.4)); however, on the parent behavior checklist subscale scores, intervention group parents were less likely to report harsh/abusive parenting (mean 38.9 (SD 7.7) v 40.5 (8.8); adjusted mean difference -1.83, 95\% confidence interval -3.12 to -0.55) and unreasonable expectations of child development (40.9 (9.9) v 42.7 (9.6); -2.18, -3.74 to -0.62). Mean scores for nurturing parenting and maternal mental health were similar in the two groups at both times.

CONCLUSIONS: A universal parenting programme resulted in modest improvement in parenting factors that predict behavioural problems in children but did not reduce externalising behavioural problems or affect maternal mental health at 2 years. Trial registration ISRCTN 77531789.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Mental Health, Mothers, Parenting, Psychotherapy, Group, Treatment Outcome, Victoria}, issn = {1756-1833}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.39451.609676.AE}, author = {Hiscock, Harriet and Bayer, Jordana K and Price, Anna and Ukoumunne, Obioha C and Rogers, Susan and Wake, Melissa} } @article {699, title = {Using Sociodrama to Help Young Children Problem Solve}, journal = {Early Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-01-2012}, pages = {407 - 412}, issn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9}, author = {Pecaski McLennan, Deanna Marie} } @article {6344, title = {The United Nations Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {child rights, detained children, violence against children}, url = {https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/StudyChildrenDeprivedLiberty/Pages/Index.aspx}, author = {Nowak, M.} } @article {3291, title = {Uganda: Population-based Survey on Peace and Education}, year = {2015}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/150531-HHI-ReportUganda_copyedited1.pdf}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Gibbons, N. and HarvardHumanitarianInitiativeandUNICEF} } @article {5621, title = {United our strengths for peace, politics, partnership and people: Report of the High-level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {https://peaceoperationsreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/HIPPO_Report_1_June_2015.pdf}, author = {Ramos-Horta, J. and Haq, A. and Arnault, J. and Baricako, M. and Coomaraswamy, R. and Guha, A. and Hughes, A. and Ilitchev, A. and Johnson, H. F. and Mahmoud, Y. and Martin, I. and Mensa-Bonsu, H. J. and Pascoe, B. L. and Neto, F. P. and Salah, R. and Xuexian, W.} } @article {204, title = {Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience.}, journal = {Int J Law Psychiatry}, volume = {32}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jul-Aug}, pages = {209-15}, abstract = {

The present paper reviews and summarizes the basic findings concerning the nature of the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of aggression and rage. For heuristic purposes, the types of aggression will be reduced to two categories - defensive rage (affective defense) and predatory attack. This approach helps explain both the behavioral properties of aggression as well as the underlying neural substrates and mechanisms of aggression both in animals and humans. Defensive rage behavior is activated by a threatening stimulus that is real or perceived and is associated with marked sympathetic output. This yields impulsivity with minimal cortical involvement. Predatory attack behavior in both animals and humans is generally planned, taking minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or even years (with respect to humans) for it to occur and is directed upon a specific individual target; it reflects few outward sympathetic signs and is believed to require cortical involvement for its expression. Predatory attack requires activation of the lateral hypothalamus, while defensive rage requires activation of the medial hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Both forms of aggressive behavior are controlled by components of the limbic system, a region of the forebrain that is influenced by sensory inputs from the cerebral cortex and monoaminergic inputs from the brainstem reticular formation. Control of aggressive tendencies is partly modifiable through conditioning and related learning principles generated through the cerebral cortex.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Animals, Biogenic Amines, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Limbic System, Neurosciences, Predatory Behavior, Serotonin, Violence}, issn = {1873-6386}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.06.001}, author = {Siegel, Allan and Victoroff, Jeff} } @article {5076, title = {Undocumented status: implications for child development, policy, and ethical research}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2013}, number = {141}, year = {2013}, note = {Suarez-Orozco, Carola
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Review
2013/09/17 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2013 Fall;2013(141):61-78. doi: 10.1002/cad.20043.}, month = {Fall}, pages = {61-78}, abstract = {Nearly 5.5 million children in the United States grow up in the shadows of undocumented status. We review the ecological domains of influence in children{\textquoteright}s and adolescents{\textquoteright} lives and briefly consider health, cognitive, socioemotional, educational, and labor market outcomes ripe for study. We also reflect upon the ethical policy implications of this growing demographic group and consider research strategies in conducting ethical research with this population.}, keywords = {*Social Environment, Adolescent, Adolescent Development/*physiology, Biomedical Research/ethics/legislation \& jurisprudence/*standards, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation \& jurisprudence/*psychology, Humans, United States}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Suarez-Orozco, C. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6115, title = {Unprotected: Crisis in humanitarian funding for child protection}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNs Children{\textquoteright}s Fund}, keywords = {child protection, Human Rights, humanitarian funding}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Upload_20190630-182416.pdf}, author = {Thierry, M. and Fylkensnes, G. K. and Peuschel, M. and Williamson, K.} } @article {6206, title = {UN General Assembly report of the Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty United Nations, A /74/136}, year = {2019}, address = {United Nations General Assembly 74th Session}, keywords = {child protection, child rights, Human Rights}, url = {https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/StudyChildrenDeprivedLiberty/Pages/Index.aspx}, author = {UNGA} } @article {5792, title = {United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) | Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework}, year = {2017}, keywords = {refugees and migrants}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/comprehensive-refugee-response-framework-crrf.html}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {7288, title = {UNICEF: Child Protection Strategy 2021-2030}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/104416/file/Child-Protection-Strategy-2021.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3206, title = {UNICEF Programme Report 2012-2016}, year = {2016}, institution = {Peacebuilding, Education and Advocacy in Conflict-Affected Contexts (}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/education/files/03_Web_UNICEF1020_PBEA_Final_report_A4_web.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5786, title = {Uprooted. The growing crisis for refugee and migrant children}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {migration and displacement, refugee and migrant children}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/videoaudio/PDFs/Uprooted.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and Garin, E. and Beise, J. and Hug, L. and You, D. and Mukerjee, A.} } @article {6158, title = {UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children 2019: Overview}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child protection, children, Health, Humanitarianism, nutrition, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/48796/file/Humanitarian-action-overview-cover-eng.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5731, title = {UNICEFs program guidance for early childhood development}, year = {2017}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = { }, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/FINAL_ECD_Programme_Guidance._September._2017.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {600, title = {United Nations millennium declaration }, year = {2000}, url = {http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {713, title = {Using racial and ethnic concepts: The critical case of very young children}, journal = {American Sociological ReviewAmerican Sociological ReviewAmerican Sociological Review}, volume = {61}, number = {5}, year = {1996}, note = {Vl940
Times Cited:31
Cited References Count:45}, month = {Oct}, pages = {779-793}, abstract = {

We examine the racial and ethnic concepts and related actions of very young children in a preschool setting. Breaking with much of the conventional literature on the cognitive development of preschool children, we argue that young children engage in interaction involving clear and often sophisticated understandings of racial and ethnic concepts and meanings. We discuss: (1) how racial and ethnic concepts are used to exclude or include others; (2) how racial or ethnic concepts are used to define oneself and others; (3) how power and control link to racial and ethnic understandings; and (4) how adults misperceive the racial and ethnic language and activities of children.

}, isbn = {0003-1224}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096453?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {VanAusdale, D. and Feagin, J. R.} } @article {6092, title = {Using the power of mass media to achieve impact at scale: an experiment that worked}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood education (ECE), Mass Media, Sesame Street, Sesame Workshop}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/2019/using-the-power-of-mass-media-to-achieve-impact-at-scale-an-experiment-that-worked/}, author = {Westin, S.} }