@article {229, title = {Tomorrow{\textquoteright}s players under occupation: an analysis of the association of political violent with psychological functioning and domestic violence, among Palestinian youth.}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {77}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jul}, pages = {427-33}, abstract = {

A 2005 survey of 2,328 youth (ages 12 to 18) in the West Bank, Palestine, revealed an association between exposure to politically violent events, domestic violence, and school violence and with psychological symptomatology. Results also found associations between family violence, family economic status, and psychological symptomatology. Respondents reported low levels of family functioning. Data revealed some geographic variability in experiences of politically violent events, domestic violence, school violence, and psychological symptomatology. Implications for practice are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Arabs, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle East, Politics, Questionnaires, Social Behavior Disorders}, issn = {0002-9432}, doi = {10.1037/0002-9432.77.3.427}, author = {Al-Krenawi, Alean and Graham, John R and Sehwail, Mahmud A} } @article {637, title = {Threshold Externalities in Economic Development}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, volume = {105}, year = {1990}, month = {Jan-05-1990}, pages = {501}, issn = {00335533}, doi = {10.2307/2937797}, url = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2307/2937797}, author = {Azariadis, Costas and Drazen, Allan} } @inbook {562, title = {Treating War Trauma in Children and Youth from the Former Yugoslavia}, booktitle = {Managing Multiethnic Local Communities in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative. Open Society Insitute}, organization = {Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative. Open Society Insitute}, address = {Budapest}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Maternal_Responsiveness.html?id=WNh-AAAAMAAJ}, author = {A. Barath}, editor = {N. Dimitrijevic} } @article {261, title = {Three-year-old outcomes of a brief universal parenting intervention to prevent behaviour problems: randomised controlled trial.}, journal = {Arch Dis Child}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {187-92}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a structured programme of parent anticipatory guidance \&$\#$39;Toddlers Without Tears,\&$\#$39; delivered in universal primary care, can prevent preschool child behaviour problems.

DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: 40 primary care nursing centres (clusters) in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. 733 English-speaking mothers of 6- to 7-month-old infants consecutively recruited from well-child appointments; 589 (80\%) retained at age 3 years.

INTERVENTION: Parenting programme from age 8 to 15 months, with two group sessions co-led by well-child providers and a parenting expert. The programme addressed normal behaviour development and offered strategies to increase desired and reduce unwanted behaviour. While 93\% of intervention parents received at least some of the programme, only 49\% completed all components. Control Usual primary care.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal report of child externalising behaviour (Child Behaviour Checklist), parenting (Parent Behaviour Checklist) and maternal mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) when children were aged 3 years.

RESULTS: Behaviour scores in the intervention and control groups were similar (mean (SD)) 11.4 (7.1) versus 12.4 (7.6); adjusted mean difference -0.8, 95\% CI -2.2 to 0.6, p=0.26). On the parenting subscale scores, intervention parents reported fewer unreasonable expectations of child development (37.3 (10.9) vs 39.9 (10.2), adjusted mean difference -3.1, 95\% CI -4.9 to -1.4, p=0.001). The mean scores for harsh/abusive and nurturing parenting, and maternal mental health, were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: A brief universal parenting programme in primary care is insufficient to prevent development of preschool externalising problems. A new population trial targeting more intensive prevention to distressed parents with toddler behaviour problems is now under way, aiming to prevent externalising and internalising problems before school entry.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN77531789.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Health, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Program Evaluation, Socioeconomic Factors, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {1468-2044}, doi = {10.1136/adc.2009.168302}, author = {Bayer, Jordana K and Hiscock, Harriet and Ukoumunne, Obioha C and Scalzo, Katherine and Wake, Melissa} } @article {6121, title = {Toxic Stress in Children}, journal = {MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-01-2019}, pages = {53}, issn = {0361-929X}, doi = {10.1097/NMC.0000000000000487}, url = {http://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005721-201901000-00010http://journals.lww.com/mcnjournal/Fulltext/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000487}, author = {Beal, Judy A.} } @book {487, title = {Teaching Contested Narratives}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781107663770}, url = {http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/psychology/educational-psychology/teaching-contested-narratives-identity-memory-and-reconciliation-peace-education-and-beyond}, author = {Bekerman, Z. and Zembylas, M.} } @article {4906, title = {Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: examining conflict and postconflict factors}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/09/26 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Mar-Apr;84(2):455-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x. Epub 2012 Sep 24.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {455-70}, abstract = {Three waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine internalizing trajectories in 529 war-affected youth (ages 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female). Latent class growth analyses identified 4 trajectories: A large majority of youth maintained lower levels of internalizing problems (41.4\%) or significantly improved over time (47.6\%) despite very limited access to care, but smaller proportions continued to report severe difficulties 6 years postwar (4.5\%) or their symptoms worsened (6.4\%). Continued internalizing problems were associated with loss of a caregiver, family abuse and neglect, and community stigma. Despite the comparative resilience of most war-affected youth in the face of extreme adversity, there remains a compelling need for interventions that address family- and community-level stressors.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Internal-External Control, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sierra Leone}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {271, title = {Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: examining conflict and postconflict factors.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {455-70}, abstract = {

Three waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine internalizing trajectories in 529 war-affected youth (ages 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female). Latent class growth analyses identified 4 trajectories: A large majority of youth maintained lower levels of internalizing problems (41.4\%) or significantly improved over time (47.6\%) despite very limited access to care, but smaller proportions continued to report severe difficulties 6\ years postwar (4.5\%) or their symptoms worsened (6.4\%). Continued internalizing problems were associated with loss of a caregiver, family abuse and neglect, and community stigma. Despite the comparative resilience of most war-affected youth in the face of extreme adversity, there remains a compelling need for interventions that address family- and community-level stressors.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Mental Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sierra Leone, War}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4881, title = {Trauma history and psychopathology in war-affected refugee children referred for trauma-related mental health services in the United States}, journal = {J Trauma Stress}, volume = {25}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Layne, Christopher M
Kim, Soeun
Steinberg, Alan M
Ellis, Heidi
Birman, Dina
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
3U79SM054284-10S/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2012/12/12 06:00
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Dec;25(6):682-90. doi: 10.1002/jts.21749.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {682-90}, abstract = {There is an increasing need to deliver effective mental health services to refugee children and adolescents across the United States; however, the evidence base needed to guide the design and delivery of services is nascent. We investigated the trauma history profiles, psychopathology, and associated behavioral and functional indicators among war-affected refugee children presenting for psychological treatment. From the National Child Traumatic Stress Network{\textquoteright}s Core Data Set, 60 war-affected refugee children were identified (51.7\% males, mean age = 13.1 years, SD = 4.13). Clinical assessments indicated high rates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (30.4\%), generalized anxiety (26.8\%), somatization (26.8\%), traumatic grief (21.4\%), and general behavioral problems (21.4\%). Exposure to war or political violence frequently co-occurred with forced displacement; traumatic loss; bereavement or separation; exposure to community violence; and exposure to domestic violence. Academic problems and behavioral difficulties were prevalent (53.6\% and 44.6\%, respectively); however, criminal activity, alcohol/drug use, and self-harm were rare (all < 5.45\%). These findings highlight the complex trauma profiles, comorbid conditions, and functional problems that are important to consider in providing mental health interventions for refugee children and adolescents. Given the difficulties associated with access to mental health services for refugees, both preventive and community-based interventions within family, school, and peer systems hold particular promise.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/etiology/psychology, Mental Health Services, Refugees/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology, United States}, isbn = {1573-6598 (Electronic)
0894-9867 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and Layne, C. M. and Kim, S. and Steinberg, A. M. and Ellis, H. and Birman, D.} } @article {288, title = {Toward a new biology of social adversity.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17143-8}, keywords = {Animals, Child, Humans, Life Change Events, Social Conditions, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121264109}, author = {Boyce, W. T. and Sokolowski, M. B. and Robinson, G. E.} } @article {653, title = {To share or not to share: When do toddlers respond to another{\textquoteright}s needs?}, journal = {Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesInfancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {22639549[pmid]
Infancy}, month = {Jan-Feb 01/01}, pages = {117-130}, abstract = {

The developmental origins of sharing remain little understood. Using procedures adapted from research on prosocial behavior in chimpanzees, we presented 18- and 25-month-old children with a sharing task in which they could choose to deliver food to themselves only, or to both themselves and another person, thereby making it possible for them to share without personal sacrifice. The potential recipient, a friendly adult, was either silent about her needs and wants or made them explicit. Both younger and older toddlers chose randomly when the recipient was silent. However, when the recipient vocalized her desires 25-month-olds shared whereas younger children did not. Thus, we demonstrate that children voluntarily share valued resources with others by the end of the second year of life, but that this depends on explicit communicative cues about another\’s need or desire.

}, isbn = {1525-0008
1532-7078}, doi = {10.1080/15250000802569868}, author = {Brownell, Celia A. and Svetlova, Margarita and Nichols, Sara} } @article {313, title = {Testosterone reactivity to provocation mediates the effect of early intervention on aggressive behavior.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 May 1}, pages = {1140-6}, abstract = {

We tested the hypotheses that the Fast Track intervention program for high-risk children would reduce adult aggressive behavior and that this effect would be mediated by decreased testosterone responses to social provocation. Participants were a subsample of males from the full trial sample, who during kindergarten had been randomly assigned to the 10-year Fast Track intervention or to a control group. The Fast Track program attempted to develop children\&$\#$39;s social competencies through child social-cognitive and emotional-coping skills training, peer-relations coaching, academic tutoring, and classroom management, as well as training for parents to manage their child\&$\#$39;s behavior. At a mean age of 26 years, participants responded to laboratory provocations. Results indicated that, relative to control participants, men assigned to the intervention demonstrated reduced aggression and testosterone reactivity to social provocations. Moreover, reduced testosterone reactivity mediated the effect of intervention on aggressive behavior, which provides evidence for an enduring biological mechanism underlying the effect of early psychosocial intervention on aggressive behavior in adulthood.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aggression, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Cognitive Therapy, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Male, Negotiating, Schools, Testosterone}, issn = {1467-9280}, doi = {10.1177/0956797614525642}, author = {Carr{\'e}, Justin M and Iselin, Anne-Marie R and Welker, Keith M and Hariri, Ahmad R and Dodge, Kenneth A} } @article {322, title = {Truth, lies, and intimacy: an attachment perspective.}, journal = {Attach Hum Dev}, volume = {3}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Sep}, pages = {121-55}, abstract = {

This paper outlines some of the ways in which secure attachment is associated with the capacity to participate in successful intimate relationships. The paper begins with the discussion of four key abilities required for intimacy: the ability to seek care, the ability to give care, the ability to feel comfortable with an autonomous self, and the ability to negotiate. Bowlby\&$\#$39;s attachment theory (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) and related research are presented as a framework for understanding the development of these abilities. Next, attachment, intimacy, and sexuality are discussed. In the final section, attachment, intimacy, and truth are considered.

}, keywords = {Adult, Deception, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Infant, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Personality Development, Truth Disclosure}, issn = {1461-6734}, doi = {10.1080/14616730110058999}, author = {Cassidy, J} } @article {323, title = {Tsunami, war, and cumulative risk in the lives of Sri Lankan schoolchildren.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul-Aug}, pages = {1176-91}, abstract = {

This study examines the impact of children\&$\#$39;s exposure to natural disaster against the backdrop of exposure to other traumatic events and psychosocial risks. One thousand three hundred ninety-eight Sri Lankan children aged 9-15 years were interviewed in 4 cross-sectional studies about exposure to traumatic life events related to the war, the tsunami experience, and family violence. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic complaints, psychosocial functioning, and teacher reports of school grades served as outcome measures. A global outcome variable of \"positive adaptation\" was created from a combination of these measures. Data showed extensive exposure to adversity and traumatic events among children in Sri Lanka. Findings of regression analyses indicated that all 3 event types--tsunami and disaster, war, and family violence--significantly contributed to poorer child adaptation.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disasters, Family, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Schools, Socioeconomic Factors, Sri Lanka, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Tsunamis, Violence, War}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01461.x}, author = {Catani, Claudia and Gewirtz, Abigail H and Wieling, Elizabeth and Schauer, Elizabeth and Elbert, Thomas and Neuner, Frank} } @article {658, title = {Truth commissions and intergroup forgiveness: The case of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, pages = {51-69}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {United Kingdom}, abstract = {

This article considers the experience of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in promoting intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation focusing on the participation of victims in the TRC process and their response. It utilizes a variety of sources of empirical data collected during a 6-year collaborative project between the Science and Human Rights Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation for which I served as the project director. The article analyzes transcripts of the TRC human rights violations hearings and amnesty hearings and follow-up focus groups with participants conducted as part of the project. These data show the limitations of the TRC in promoting forgiveness and reconciliation in a meaningful way. The TRC had difficulties in conceptualizing forgiveness and reconciliation on an intergroup level and concentrated instead on relationships between individual victims and perpetrators. Former victims and members of their families who testified at the violations hearings rarely mentioned these topics unless prompted to do so, and those who did were generally not inclined to forgive perpetrators. At the amnesty hearings perpetrators were reluctant to acknowledge their wrongdoing or to offer meaningful apologies, expressions of regret, or some form of compensation to those who had suffered. In light of these data the article questions the efficacy of the TRC\&$\#$39;s approach to forgiveness and healing and the capacity of transitional justice mechanisms in postconflict societies to promote forgiveness and reconciliation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

}, keywords = {*Forgiveness, *Intergroup Dynamics, *Justice, *Society, *Truth, Family, Human Rights, Perpetrators, Violence}, isbn = {1532-7949(Electronic);1078-1919(Print)}, doi = {10.1037/h0094024}, author = {Chapman, Audrey R.} } @article {5756, title = {Ten acts for the Global Compact: A civil society vision for a transformative agenda for human mobility, migration and development}, year = {2017}, institution = {Child Rights in the Global Compacts}, keywords = {child migrations, child protection, refugee children}, url = {http://www.madenetwork.org/sites/default/files/Civil\%20Society\%20-\%20Now\%20and\%20How\%20TEN\%20Acts_\%20English.pdf}, author = {ChildRightsGlobalCompacts} } @book {2596, title = {Too Young to Notice?: The Cultural and Political Awareness of 3-6 Year Olds in Northern Ireland}, year = {2002}, note = {(Great Britain)}, publisher = {Northern Ireland Community Relations Council}, organization = {Northern Ireland Community Relations Council}, isbn = {9781898276302}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=Pa4QAAAACAAJ}, author = {Connolly, P. and Smith, A. and Kelly, B. and Community Relations Council and Community Relations Council Staff and Channel Four} } @mastersthesis {3376, title = {Talking to Infants: How Culture Is Instantiated in Early Mother- Infant Interactions. The Case of Cameroonian Farming Nso and North German Middle-Class Families}, year = {2008}, school = {Osnabrück University}, author = {Demuth, C.} } @article {2876, title = {Testing an idealized dynamic cascade model of the development of serious violence in adolescence}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {79}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, note = {Dodge, Kenneth A
Greenberg, Mark T
Malone, Patrick S
eng
K05MH00797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05MH01027/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH048043-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH48043/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50951/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50952/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2008/11/29 09:00
Child Dev. 2008 Nov-Dec;79(6):1907-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01233.x.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1907-27}, abstract = {A dynamic cascade model of development of serious adolescent violence was proposed and tested through prospective inquiry with 754 children (50\% male; 43\% African American) from 27 schools at 4 geographic sites followed annually from kindergarten through Grade 11 (ages 5-18). Self, parent, teacher, peer, observer, and administrative reports provided data. Partial least squares analyses revealed a cascade of prediction and mediation: An early social context of disadvantage predicts harsh-inconsistent parenting, which predicts social and cognitive deficits, which predicts conduct problem behavior, which predicts elementary school social and academic failure, which predicts parental withdrawal from supervision and monitoring, which predicts deviant peer associations, which ultimately predicts adolescent violence. Findings suggest targets for in-depth inquiry and preventive intervention.}, keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting, Prospective Studies, Social Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dodge, K. A. and Greenberg, M. T. and Malone, P. S. and Conduct Problems Prevention Research, Group} } @article {3241, title = {Transitional Justice and Education: Learning Peace}, year = {2017}, institution = {The International Center for Transitional Justice}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/transitional-justice-and-education-learning-peace}, author = {Clara Ram{\'\i}rez-Barat and Roger Duthie} } @article {2981, title = {Together in pain: attachment-related dyadic processes and posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {J Couns Psychol}, volume = {57}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {Ein-Dor, Tsachi
Doron, Guy
Solomon, Zahava
Mikulincer, Mario
Shaver, Phillip R
eng
2010/12/08 06:00
J Couns Psychol. 2010 Jul;57(3):317-27. doi: 10.1037/a0019500.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {317-27}, abstract = {We used actor-partner interdependence modeling to explore associations among attachment-related dyadic processes, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in war veterans, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in their wives. A sample of 157 Israeli couples (85 former prisoners of war and their wives and a comparison group of 72 veterans not held captive and their wives) completed self-report scales assessing attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) and PTSD symptoms. For both groups of veterans and their wives, attachment anxiety was associated with the severity of their own and their spouses{\textquoteright} PTSD and STS. Avoidant attachment was associated with PTSD and STS only in couples that included a former prisoner of war. A complex pattern of associations involving avoidant attachment was observed in the actor-partner analyses of these couples. The study demonstrates that attachment-related dyadic processes play a role in the development and maintenance of PTSD in traumatized veterans and STS in their wives.}, keywords = {*Object Attachment, Adult, Combat Disorders/diagnosis/*psychology, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Models, Psychological, Pain/*psychology, Personality Inventory/statistics \& numerical data, Prisoners/*psychology, Psychometrics/statistics \& numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Social Support, Spouses/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*psychology, Veterans/*psychology}, isbn = {0022-0167 (Print)
0022-0167 (Linking)}, author = {Ein-Dor, T. and Doron, G. and Solomon, Z. and Mikulincer, M. and Shaver, P. R.} } @article {3006, title = {Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {130}, number = {6}, year = {2004}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
eng
2004/11/13 09:00
Psychol Bull. 2004 Nov;130(6):920-58.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {920-58}, abstract = {Life history theory provides a metatheoretical framework for the study of pubertal timing from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. The current article reviews 5 middle-level theories--energetics theory, stress-suppression theory, psychosocial acceleration theory, paternal investment theory, and child development theory--each of which applies the basic assumptions of life history theory to the question of environmental influences on timing of puberty in girls. These theories converge in their conceptualization of pubertal timing as responsive to ecological conditions but diverge in their conceptualization of (a) the nature, extent, and direction of environmental influences and (b) the effects of pubertal timing on other reproductive variables. Competing hypotheses derived from the 5 perspectives are evaluated. An extension of W. T. Boyce and B. J. Ellis{\textquoteright}s (in press) theory of stress reactivity is proposed to account for both inhibiting and accelerating effects of psychosocial stress on timing of pubertal development. This review highlights the multiplicity of (often unrecognized) perspectives guiding research, raises challenges to virtually all of these, and presents an alternative framework in an effort to move research forward in this arena of multidisciplinary inquiry.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Psychological Theory, Psychology, Puberty/*physiology/*psychology}, isbn = {0033-2909 (Print)
0033-2909 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J.} } @article {3086, title = {A Theory of Social Comparison Processes}, journal = {Human Relations}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1954}, month = {May 1, 1954}, pages = {117-140}, author = {Festinger, Leon} } @article {3381, title = {To what extent can evidence-based parenting interventions be transported from one country to another? A systematic review.}, year = {Submitted}, author = {F. Gardner and W. Knerr and P. Montgomery and K. Sundell} } @article {365, title = {Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: myths and mechanisms.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {157}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar 27}, pages = {95-109}, abstract = {

Since the human genome was sequenced, the term \"epigenetics\" is increasingly being associated with the hope that we are more than just the sum of our genes. Might what we eat, the air we breathe, or even the emotions we feel influence not only our genes but those of descendants? The environment can certainly influence gene expression and can lead to disease, but transgenerational consequences are another matter. Although the inheritance of epigenetic characters can certainly occur-particularly in plants-how much is due to the environment and the extent to which it happens in humans remain unclear.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene-Environment Interaction, Germ Cells, Humans, Plants}, issn = {1097-4172}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.045}, author = {Heard, Edith and Martienssen, Robert A} } @article {7209, title = {The tiney guide to becoming an inclusive, anti-racist early educator}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tiney}, keywords = {anti-racism, early learning, early years, inclusion}, url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/16dX9uYy3i-4U8VJShBUrWyESgkznqoUp/view}, author = {Laura Henry-Allain, L. and Lloyd-Rose, M.} } @article {384, title = {Traumatic and stressful events in early childhood: can treatment help those at highest risk?}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul}, pages = {504-13}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study involves a reanalysis of data from a randomized controlled trial to examine whether child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), an empirically based treatment focusing on the parent-child relationship as the vehicle for child improvement, is efficacious for children who experienced multiple traumatic and stressful life events (TSEs).

METHODS: Participants comprised 75 preschool-aged children and their mothers referred to treatment following the child\&$\#$39;s exposure to domestic violence. Dyads were randomly assigned to CPP or to a comparison group that received monthly case management plus referrals to community services and were assessed at intake, posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Treatment effectiveness was examined by level of child TSE risk exposure (\<4 risks versus 4+ TSEs).

RESULTS: For children in the 4+ risk group, those who received CPP showed significantly greater improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms, PTSD diagnosis, number of co-occurring diagnoses, and behavior problems compared to those in the comparison group. CPP children with \<4 risks showed greater improvements in symptoms of PTSD than those in the comparison group. Mothers of children with 4+ TSEs in the CPP group showed greater reductions in symptoms of PTSD and depression than those randomized to the comparison condition. Analyses of 6-month follow-up data suggest improvements were maintained for the high risk group.

CONCLUSIONS: The data provide evidence that CPP is effective in improving outcomes for children who experienced four or more TSEs and had positive effects for their mothers as well.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Numerous studies show that exposure to childhood trauma and adversity has negative consequences for later physical and mental health, but few interventions have been specifically evaluated to determine their effectiveness for children who experienced multiple TSEs. The findings suggest that including the parent as an integral participant in the child\&$\#$39;s treatment may be particularly effective in the treatment of young children exposed to multiple risks.

}, keywords = {Adult, California, Child, Preschool, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parent-Child Relations, Psychotherapy, Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.009}, author = {Ghosh Ippen, Chandra and Harris, William W and Van Horn, Patricia and Lieberman, Alicia F} } @article {673, title = {Trophoblast regulation of maternal endocrine function and behaviour}, journal = {Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast}, year = {2006}, note = {Byg15
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:52}, pages = {148-168}, keywords = {central-nervous-system, DNA Methylation, early-pregnancy, giant-cells, Growth, human-placenta, leptin, mouse embryo, prolactin family, receptor}, doi = {10.1017/Cbo9780511545207.012}, author = {Keverne, E. B.} } @article {5853, title = {Trauma-Informed practices for K12 schools, professional develop simulation}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Kognito}, abstract = {An interactive role-play simulation for educators to build skills, confidence, and empathy to better support students whose behavior might be related to sources of trauma or distress. It prepares users to spot warning signs of trauma, lead real-life conversations with students, improve their experience in class, and explore making a referral to a mental health professional. }, keywords = {adverse childhood experiences, childhood trauma}, url = {https://go.kognito.com/rs/143-HCJ-270/images/PK12_ProductSheet_TIPS.pdf}, author = {Kognito and UNICEF, USA} } @article {413, title = {TET enzymes, TDG and the dynamics of DNA demethylation.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {502}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct 24}, pages = {472-9}, abstract = {

DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine has greatly advanced our understanding of DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a key nexus in demethylation that can either be passively depleted through DNA replication or actively reverted to cytosine through iterative oxidation and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.

}, keywords = {5-Methylcytosine, Animals, Blastocyst, Cellular Reprogramming, Cytosine, DNA Methylation, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Humans, Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Thymine DNA Glycosylase}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature12750}, author = {Kohli, Rahul M and Zhang, Yi} } @article {2381, title = {Towards a more peaceful world: The promise of Early Child Development programmes}, year = {2018}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, early childhood development, peace, violence prevention}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15348687/2018/2018/159}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {5056, title = {Teacher-child interactions in Chile and their associations with prekindergarten outcomes}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {86}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Leyva, Diana
Weiland, Christina
Barata, M
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Snow, Catherine
Trevino, Ernesto
Rolla, Andrea
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/01/30 06:00
Child Dev. 2015 May-Jun;86(3):781-99. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12342. Epub 2015 Jan 27.}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {781-99}, abstract = {Quality of teacher-child interactions is central to prekindergarten children{\textquoteright}s learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher-child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) whether there was evidence supporting three distinctive domains of teacher-child interactions in Chile (construct validity) and (b) whether these domains predicted end-of-prekindergarten language, academic, and executive function skills in Chile (predictive validity). The sample consisted of 91 Chilean prekindergarten classrooms (1,868 four-year-old children). The findings support both construct and predictive validity of the teaching through interactions conceptual framework as assessed by the CLASS in Chile. Implications for cross-country comparison of quality of teacher-child interactions in prekindergarten classrooms are discussed.}, keywords = {*Faculty, *Interpersonal Relations, Adult, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Chile, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Educational Measurement/*standards, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests/*standards, Reproducibility of Results}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Leyva, D. and Weiland, C. and Barata, M. and Yoshikawa, H. and Snow, C. and Trevino, E. and Rolla, A.} } @article {5910, title = {Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {211}, number = {6}, year = {2017}, note = {1472-1465
McGrath, John J
Saha, Sukanta
Lim, Carmen C W
Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
Alonso, Jordi
Andrade, Laura H
Bromet, Evelyn J
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Caldas de Almeida, Jose M
Cardoso, Graca
de Girolamo, Giovanni
Fayyad, John
Florescu, Silvia
Gureje, Oye
Haro, Josep M
Kawakami, Norito
Koenen, Karestan C
Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
Lee, Sing
Lepine, Jean-Pierre
McLaughlin, Katie A
Medina-Mora, Maria E
Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
Ojagbemi, Akin
Posada-Villa, Jose
Sampson, Nancy
Scott, Kate M
Tachimori, Hisateru
Ten Have, Margreet
Kendler, Kenneth S
Kessler, Ronald C
WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators
R01 DA016558/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH103291/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R03 TW006481/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH069864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
U01 MH060220/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH070884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R13 MH066849/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
England
Br J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;211(6):373-380. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955. Epub 2017 Nov 2.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {373-380}, edition = {2017/11/04}, abstract = {BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR = 3.1, 95\% CI 2.7-3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Comorbidity, Global Health/statistics \& numerical data, Health Surveys/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Prevalence, Psychological Trauma/complications/*epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology/etiology}, isbn = {0007-1250}, doi = {10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955}, author = {McGrath, J. J. and Saha, S. and Lim, C. C. W. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Alonso, J. and Andrade, L. H. and Bromet, E. J. and Bruffaerts, R. and Caldas de Almeida, J. M. and Cardoso, G. and de Girolamo, G. and Fayyad, J. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J. M. and Kawakami, N. and Koenen, K. C. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Lee, S. and Lepine, J. P. and McLaughlin, K. A. and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Navarro-Mateu, F. and Ojagbemi, A. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sampson, N. and Scott, K. M. and Tachimori, H. and Ten Have, M. and Kendler, K. S. and Kessler, R. C.} } @article {5496, title = {Timely sensory stimulation and early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {390}, number = {10113}, year = {2017}, note = {Olusanya, Bolajoko O
Sirimanna, Tony
McPherson, Bradley
eng
Letter
England
2017/12/20 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2626. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32410-8.}, month = {Dec 16}, pages = {2626}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Olusanya, B. O. and Sirimanna, T. and McPherson, B.} } @article {449, title = {Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {56}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jul}, pages = {814-25}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Studies of war-affected youth have not yet examined how trauma memories relate to prospective changes in mental health and to subjective or social experiences.

METHODS: We interviewed a gender-balanced, randomly selected sample of Afghan child-caregiver dyads (n = 331, two waves, 1 year apart). We assessed lifetime trauma with a Traumatic Event Checklist, past-year events with a checklist of risk and protective events, and several child mental health outcomes including posttraumatic distress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES) and depression. We examined the consistency of trauma recall over time, identified mental health trajectories with latent transition modeling, and assessed the predictors of posttraumatic distress and depression trajectories with multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS: From baseline to follow-up, reports of lifetime trauma significantly changed (p \≤ 0.01). A third of the cohort reported no trauma exposure; only 10\% identified the same event as their most distressing experience. We identified four CRIES trajectories: low or no distress (52\%), rising distress (15\%), declining distress (21\%), and sustained high distress (12\%). Youth with chronic posttraumatic distress were more likely to be girls (OR = 5.78, p \≤ 0.01), report more trauma exposure at baseline (OR = 1.55, p \≤ 0.05) and follow-up (OR = 5.96, p \≤ 0.01), and experience ongoing domestic violence (OR = 4.84, p \≤ 0.01). The risks of rising distress and sustained distress showed a steady increase for youth recalling up to four traumatic experiences. Depression and CRIES trajectories showed weak comorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS: Memories of violent events are malleable, embedded in social experiences, and present heterogeneous associations with posttraumatic distress. Our study provides insights on resilience and vulnerability to multiple adverse childhood experiences, highlighting research and clinical implications for understanding trauma in conflict-affected youth.

}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12350}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Grimon, M. and Kalin, M. and Eggerman, M.} } @article {4916, title = {Transitioning mental health \& psychosocial support: from short-term emergency to sustainable post-disaster development. Humanitarian Action Summit 2011}, journal = {Prehosp Disaster Med}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {Patel, P P
Russell, J
Allden, K
Betancourt, T S
Bolton, P
Galappatti, A
Hijazi, Z
Johnson, K
Jones, L
Kadis, L
Leary, K
Weissbecker, I
Nakku, J
eng
2012/05/09 06:00
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2011 Dec;26(6):470-81. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X1200012X.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {470-81}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Working Group (WG) on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support participated in its second Humanitarian Action Summit in 2011. This year, the WG chose to focus on a new goal: reviewing practice related to transitioning mental health and psychosocial support programs from the emergency phase to long-term development. The Working Group{\textquoteright}s findings draw on a review of relevant literature as well as case examples. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the Working Group was to identify factors that promote or hinder the long term sustainability of emergency mental health and psychosocial interventions in crisis and conflict, and to provide recommendations for transitioning such programs from relief to development. METHODS: The Working Group (WG) conducted a review of relevant literature and collected case examples based on experiences and observations of working group members in implementing mental and psychosocial programming in the field. The WG focused on reviewing literature on mental health and psychosocial programs and interventions that were established in conflict, disaster, protracted crisis settings, or transition from acute phase to development phase. The WG utilized case examples from programs in Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, Sierra Leone, Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, and New Orleans (United States). RESULTS: The WG identified five key thematic areas that should be addressed in order to successfully transition lasting and effective mental health and psychosocial programs from emergency settings to the development phase. The five areas identified were as follows: Government and Policy, Human Resources and Training, Programming and Services, Research and Monitoring, and Finance. CONCLUSIONS: The group identified several recommendations for each thematic area, which were generated from key lessons learned by working group members through implementing mental health and psychosocial support programs in a variety of settings, some successfully sustained and some that were not.}, keywords = {*Social Support, Accreditation, Congresses as Topic, Developing Countries, Disaster Planning/*organization \& administration/standards, Emergencies, Humans, Leadership, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration/standards, Program Development, Program Evaluation}, isbn = {1049-023X (Print)
1049-023X (Linking)}, author = {Patel, P. P. and Russell, J. and Allden, K. and Betancourt, T. S. and Bolton, P. and Galappatti, A. and Hijazi, Z. and Johnson, K. and Jones, L. and Kadis, L. and Leary, K. and Weissbecker, I. and Nakku, J.} } @article {5281, title = {Technology, conflict early warning systems, public health, and human rights}, journal = {Health Hum Rights}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {Pham, Phuong N
Vinck, Patrick
eng
2012/01/01 00:00
Health Hum Rights. 2012 Dec 15;14(2):106-17.}, month = {Dec 15}, pages = {106-17}, abstract = {Public health and conflict early warning are evolving rapidly in response to technology changes for the gathering, management, analysis and communication of data. It is expected that these changes will provide an unprecedented ability to monitor, detect, and respond to crises. One of the potentially most profound and lasting expected change affects the roles of the various actors in providing and sharing information and in responding to early warning. Communities and civil society actors have the opportunity to be empowered as a source of information, analysis, and response, while the role of traditional actors shifts toward supporting those communities and building resilience. However, by creating new roles, relationships, and responsibilities, technology changes raise major concerns and ethical challenges for practitioners, pressing the need for practical guidelines and actionable recommendations in line with existing ethical principles.}, keywords = {*Access to Information, *Human Rights, *Information Systems, *Public Health, Disaster Planning, Humans}, isbn = {2150-4113 (Electronic)
1079-0969 (Linking)}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Vinck, P.} } @article {456, title = {Transgenerational impact of intimate partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor.}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {e21}, abstract = {

Prenatal exposure to maternal stress can have lifelong implications for psychological function, such as behavioral problems and even the development of mental illness. Previous research suggests that this is due to transgenerational epigenetic programming of genes operating in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, it is not known whether intrauterine exposure to maternal stress affects the epigenetic state of these genes beyond infancy. Here, we analyze the methylation status of the GR gene in mothers and their children, at 10-19 years after birth. We combine these data with a retrospective evaluation of maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Methylation of the mother\&$\#$39;s GR gene was not affected by IPV. For the first time, we show that methylation status of the GR gene of adolescent children is influenced by their mother\&$\#$39;s experience of IPV during pregnancy. As these sustained epigenetic modifications are established in utero, we consider this to be a plausible mechanism by which prenatal stress may program adult psychosocial function.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, DNA Methylation, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Retrospective Studies, Sexual Partners, Violence, Young Adult}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2011.21}, author = {Radtke, K M and Ruf, M and Gunter, H M and Dohrmann, K and Schauer, M and Meyer, A and Elbert, T} } @article {200, title = {Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children.}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {2}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Jun}, pages = {71-90}, abstract = {

This paper outlines the theoretical and empirical foundations of a unique multilevel parenting and family support strategy designed to reduce the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in preadolescent children. The program known as Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is a multilevel system of family intervention, which provides five levels of intervention of increasing strength. These interventions include a universal population-level media information campaign targeting all parents, two levels of brief primary care consultations targeting mild behavior problems, and two more intensive parent training and family intervention programs for children at risk for more severe behavioral problems. The program aims to determine the minimally sufficient intervention a parent requires in order to deflect a child away from a trajectory towards more serious problems. The self-regulation of parental skill is a central construct in the program. The program uses flexible delivery modalities (including individual face-to-face, group, telephone assisted, and self-directed programs) to tailor the strength of the intervention to the requirements of individual families. Its multidisciplinary, preventive and community-wide focus gives the program wide reach, permitting the targeting of destigmatized access points through primary care services for families who are reluctant to participate in parenting skills programs. The available empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of the program is discussed and its implications for research on dissemination are discussed.

}, keywords = {Affective Symptoms, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Family Therapy, Humans, Parenting, Parents, Patient Care Team, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Social Support}, issn = {1096-4037}, author = {Sanders, M R} } @article {395, title = {Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions.}, journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, volume = {27}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Sep}, pages = {429-447}, abstract = {

This study explored the use of a brief experimental intervention that integrates principles of infant-parent psychotherapy, videofeedback, controlled exposure to child distress in the context of parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stimulation of parental reflective functioning (RF). The Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Session (CAVES) was applied to 32 interpersonal violence-exposed mothers of very young children (8-50 months) with respect to change of maternal perception of her child. While we found no significant reduction over two videotaped assessment visits with a mental health professional, we did find a significant reduction in the degree of negativity of maternal attributions towards her child following the videotaped visit focused on the CAVES (p\<.01). Maternal RF, a mother\&$\#$39;s capacity to think about mental states in herself and her child, accounted for 11\% of the variance in reduction of maternal negativity after accounting for baseline levels of negativity. Clinician-assisted videofeedback appears to support emotional self-regulation of mothers with violence-related PTSD. Focusing with a therapist on videofeedback of child separation distress exposes mothers to avoided mental states of helplessness and perceived loss of protection. Negative maternal attributions may mark violent trauma-associated emotion dysregulation and projected self-representations of the maltreated mother.

}, issn = {1097-0355}, doi = {10.1002/imhj.20101}, author = {Schechter, Daniel S and Myers, Michael M and Brunelli, Susan A and Coates, Susan W and Zeanah, Charles H and Davies, Mark and Grienenberger, John F and Marshall, Randall D and McCaw, Jaime E and Trabka, Kimberly A and Liebowitz, Michael R} } @article {6519, title = {Thinking About Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Impacts Through a Science-Informed, Early Childhood Lens}, year = {2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood, racism}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/thinking-about-racial-disparities-in-covid-19-impacts-through-a-science-informed-early-childhood-lens/}, author = {Schonkoff, JP and Williams, DR} } @article {4751, title = {Towards Clarity in Research on "Non-Cognitive" Skills: Linking Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and Economic Development to Advance Life Outcomes for Children, Adolescents and Youth Globally}, journal = {Hum Dev}, volume = {58}, number = {6}, year = {2016}, note = {Scorza, Pamela
Araya, Ricardo
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Switzerland
2016/07/01 00:00
Hum Dev. 2016 Jul;58(6):313-317. doi: 10.1159/000443711.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {313-317}, isbn = {0018-716X (Print)
0018-716X (Linking)}, author = {Scorza, P. and Araya, R. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {208, title = {Typologies of family functioning and children{\textquoteright}s adjustment during the early school years.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul-Aug}, pages = {1320-35}, abstract = {

Guided by family systems theory, the present study sought to identify patterns of family functioning from observational assessments of interparental, parent-child, and triadic contexts. In addition, it charted the implications for patterns of family functioning for children\&$\#$39;s developmental trajectories of adjustment in the school context across the early school years. Two-hundred thirty-four kindergarten children (129 girls and 105 boys; mean age = 6.0 years, SD = 0.50 at Wave 1) and their parents participated in this multimethod, 3-year longitudinal investigation. As expected, latent class analyses extracted 3 primary typologies of functioning including: (a) cohesive, (b) enmeshed, and (c) disengaged families. Furthermore, family patterns were differentially associated with children\&$\#$39;s maladaptive adjustment trajectories in the school context. The findings highlight the developmental utility of incorporating pattern-based approaches to family functioning.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Statistical, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Schools, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Students}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01471.x}, author = {Sturge-Apple, Melissa L and Davies, Patrick T and Cummings, E Mark} } @article {5086, title = {Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Research on Asian American Child Development}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Tseng, Vivian
Kiang, Lisa
Mistry, Jayanthi
Mistry, Rashmita S
Wang, Yijie
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Introductory
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):989-94. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12574.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {989-94}, abstract = {With this Special Section, the Asian Caucus of the Society for Research in Child Development seeks to promote a more inclusive, expanded, and holistic developmental science that can account for the diversity of developmental trajectories among Asian Americans. The articles elucidate, in turn, historical, conceptual, and methodological issues in studying Asian American child development. Although the articles foreground Asian Americans, the ideas should help advance theoretical and empirical work for other racial and ethnic groups, thereby contributing to a more valid understanding of child development.}, keywords = {*Asian Americans, *Child Development, Child, Humans}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Tseng, V. and Kiang, L. and Mistry, J. and Mistry, R. S. and Wang, Y. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6157, title = {Transforming the lives of children in Rwanda: Investing in family and community-centered services}, year = {2018}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), health services, responsive caregiving, Rwanda, social protection}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/media/981/file/ECD\%20and\%20Family\%20Endline\%20Evaluation.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5611, title = {Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1\&Lang=E}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {6902, title = {Third UN Security Council Resolution on Youth, Peace and Security (Resolution 2535 (2020))}, year = {2020}, address = {United States}, keywords = {peacebuilding, violence prevention, youth leadership}, url = {https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2535(2020)}, author = {UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil} } @article {4921, title = {Transactional sex as a form of child sexual exploitation and abuse in Rwanda: implications for child security and protection}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Williams, Timothy P
Binagwaho, Agnes
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2012/04/10 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2012 Apr;36(4):354-61. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.11.006. Epub 2012 Apr 6.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {354-61}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To illuminate the different manifestations of transactional sexual exploitation and abuse among Rwanda{\textquoteright}s children in order to inform effective responses by policies, programs, and communities. METHOD: Qualitative data was collected during April and May 2010. One-hundred and thirty-nine adults (56\% female) and 52 children (60\% female) participated in focus groups across three geographic locations in Rwanda. Eleven interviews were held with child protection stakeholders. RESULTS: Interview and focus group participants reported how children, primarily girls, engaged in transactional sex as a survival strategy in response to situations of adversity including economic deprivation, difficulty accessing school, and social pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Policy and programs should work to address the underlying social and economic determinants of transactional sexual exploitation through structural interventions that reduce gender inequalities to accessing school and securing basic needs. Further quantitative and qualitative research to better understand the complexities of this issue is warranted.}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/*statistics \& numerical data, Child Welfare/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Poverty, Rwanda/epidemiology, Sex Work/statistics \& numerical data, Sexual Harassment/statistics \& numerical data, Vulnerable Populations}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Williams, T. P. and Binagwaho, A. and Betancourt, T. S.} }