@article {228, title = {Role of the amygdala in processing visual social stimuli.}, journal = {Prog Brain Res}, volume = {156}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {363-78}, abstract = {

We review the evidence implicating the amygdala as a critical component of a neural network of social cognition, drawing especially on research involving the processing of faces and other visual social stimuli. We argue that, although it is clear that social behavioral representations are not stored in the amygdala, the most parsimonious interpretation of the data is that the amygdala plays a role in guiding social behaviors on the basis of socioenvironmental context. Thus, it appears to be required for normal social cognition. We propose that the amygdala plays this role by attentionally modulating several areas of visual and somatosensory cortex that have been implicated in social cognition, and in helping to direct overt visuospatial attention in face gaze. We also hypothesize that the amygdala exerts attentional modulation of simulation in somatosensory cortices such as supramarginal gyrus and insula. Finally, we argue that the term emotion be broadened to include increased attention to bodily responses and their representation in cortex.

}, keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Attention, Expressed Emotion, Facial Expression, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Social Behavior}, issn = {0079-6123}, doi = {10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56020-0}, author = {Adolphs, Ralph and Spezio, Michael} } @article {7178, title = {The Role of the Health Sector in Advancing Nurturing Care: AKDN Syria{\textquoteright}s Implementation of Care for Child Development}, year = {2021}, institution = {Aga Khan Foundation}, keywords = {early childhood, Health, nutrition}, url = {https://akflearninghub.org/documents/the-role-of-the-health-sector-in-advancing-nurturing-care-akdn-syrias-implementation-of-care-for-child-development/}, author = {AgaKhanFoundation} } @article {595, title = {Resilience {\textendash} From Conceptualization to effective intervention. Policy Brief for Humanitarian and Development Agencies.}, year = {2013}, url = {http://www.cpcnetwork.org/resource/resilience-from-conceptualization-to-effective-intervention/}, author = {A. Ager and J. Annan and C. Panter-Brick} } @article {5366, title = {The Refugee Crisis and the Rights of Children: Perspectives on Community-Based Resettlement Programs}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Alipui, Nicholas
Gerke, Nicole
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):91-98. doi: 10.1002/cad.20228.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {91-98}, abstract = {We are currently facing one of the largest and most complex refugee crises in modern times. Conflict and natural disasters have resulted in 22.5 million refugees worldwide, more than half are children. As the world struggles to respond to this massive displacement of people, how is this affecting child refugees{\textquoteright} development and what is being done about it? In this commentary, we explore answers to these central questions. First, we review the situation of child refugees in numbers, exploring their geographic concentration. Second, we review child refugees{\textquoteright} access to basic services, including early childhood development, with a special emphasis on community-based programs and initiatives that have proven to be particularly effective in addressing the needs of resettled child refugees. We find in particular that early childhood development activities in emergency contexts have seen remarkable improvements with critical benefits for the development of the youngest child refugees. Our aim is to bring attention to the particular difficulties child refugees must endure and to highlight those practices and approaches that are helping child refugees reach their full potential.}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20228}, author = {Alipui, N. and Gerke, N.} } @article {7205, title = {Ready to engage. Perspectives of teachers and parents on social and emotional learning and service-learning in America{\textquoteright}s public schools}, year = {2021}, institution = {Allstate Foundation}, keywords = {Education, social emotional learning, United States}, url = {https://03cac847-6f18-481d-bb58-5ee66d3378d8.usrfiles.com/ugd/03cac8_9d7e59eee72f4e22bd59a9df5754814f.pdf?fbclid=IwAR38CA1Z9f4XxmmHcmvgg6mCsOLltVmfTyH8DlSFrD2Shma2aTLUowEChXw}, author = {Atwell, MN and Bridgeland, JM and Manspile, EP} } @article {373, title = {Reducing maternal intimate partner violence after the birth of a child: a randomized controlled trial of the Hawaii Healthy Start Home Visitation Program.}, journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med}, volume = {164}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether home visitation beginning after childbirth was associated with changes in average rates of mothers\&$\#$39; intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration as well as rates of specific IPV types (physical assault, verbal abuse, sexual assault, and injury) during the 3 years of program implementation and during 3 years of long-term follow-up.

DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING: Oahu, Hawaii.

PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred forty-three families with an infant at high risk for child maltreatment born between November 1994 and December 1995. Intervention Home visitors provided direct services and linked families to community resources. Home visits were to initially occur weekly and to continue for at least 3 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women\&$\#$39;s self-reports of past-year IPV victimization and perpetration using the Conflict Tactics Scale. Blinded research staff conducted maternal interviews following the child\&$\#$39;s birth and annually when children were aged 1 to 3 years and then 7 to 9 years.

RESULTS: During program implementation, intervention mothers as compared with control mothers reported lower rates of IPV victimization (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.86; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.01) and significantly lower rates of perpetration (IRR, 0.83; 95\% CI, 0.72-0.96). Considering specific IPV types, intervention women reported significantly lower rates of physical assault victimization (IRR, 0.85; 95\% CI, 0.71-1.00) and perpetration (IRR, 0.82; 95\% CI, 0.70-0.96). During long-term follow-up, rates of overall IPV victimization and perpetration decreased, with nonsignificant between-group differences. Verbal abuse victimization rates (IRR, 1.14, 95\% CI, 0.97-1.34) may have increased among intervention mothers.

CONCLUSION: Early-childhood home visitation may be a promising strategy for reducing IPV.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Domestic Violence, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hawaii, Health Promotion, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Maternal Welfare, Mothers, Regression Analysis, Young Adult}, issn = {1538-3628}, doi = {10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.237}, author = {Bair-Merritt, Megan H and Jennings, Jacky M and Chen, Rusan and Burrell, Lori and McFarlane, Elizabeth and Fuddy, Loretta and Duggan, Anne K} } @article {245, title = {Research Review: genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: the case of attachment.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2007}, pages = {1160-73}, abstract = {

Gene-environment interactions interpreted in terms of differential susceptibility may play a large part in the explanation of individual differences in human development. Reviewing studies on the behavioral and molecular genetics of attachment, we present evidence for interactions between genetic and environmental factors explaining individual differences in attachment security and disorganization. In particular, the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism seems associated with an increased risk for disorganized attachment, but only when combined with environmental risk. Gene-environment (G x E) interactions may be interpreted as genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility. We found support for the differential susceptibility hypothesis predicting not only more negative outcomes for susceptible children in unfavorable environments, but also positive outcomes for susceptible children in favorable environments.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Male, Molecular Biology, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Polymorphism, Genetic, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Social Environment}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01801.x}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {257, title = {A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {114}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Feb}, pages = {171-83}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the electroencephalography (EEG) literature in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD).

METHODS: The review briefly outlines the history of the disorder, focusing on the changing diagnostic systems which both reflect and constrain research into AD/HD. Both qualitative and quantitative EEG studies are examined, and their results are discussed in relation to various models of AD/HD. Implications of these data for future research and development in AD/HD are considered.

RESULTS: In terms of resting EEG, elevated relative theta power, and reduced relative alpha and beta, together with elevated theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios, are most reliably associated with AD/HD. Theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios also discriminate diagnostic subgroups of AD/HD. Recent studies of EEG heterogeneity in this disorder indicate the existence of different profiles of cortical anomalies which may cut across diagnostic types.

CONCLUSIONS: The research to date has identified a substantial number of EEG correlates of AD/HD which hold promise for improving our understanding of the brain dysfunction(s) underlying the disorder. Further work in this field may benefit from a broader conceptual approach, integrating EEG and other measures of brain function.

}, keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Electroencephalography, Humans}, issn = {1388-2457}, doi = {10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00362-0}, author = {Barry, Robert J and Clarke, Adam R and Johnstone, Stuart J} } @book {488, title = {Resolving International Conflicts: The Theory and Practice of Mediation}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Lynne Rienner Publishers}, organization = {Lynne Rienner Publishers}, isbn = {9781555876012}, url = {https://www.rienner.com/title/Resolving_International_Conflicts_The_Theory_and_Practice}, author = {Bercovitch, J.} } @article {602, title = {Regional Capacity Building Workshop on Men,Caring and Fatherhood.}, year = {2005}, institution = {Save the Children Sweden}, address = {Kathmandu}, url = {http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/1512.pdf}, author = {N. Bhandari and R. Karkara} } @article {650, title = {The relevance of delivery mode and other programme characteristics for the effectiveness of early childhood intervention}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, note = {891md
Times Cited:35
Cited References Count:70}, month = {Jan}, pages = {35-47}, abstract = {

Although it is generally believed that early intervention programmes are an effective means to stimulate children\&$\#$39;s cognitive development, many questions remain concerning programme design and delivery. This article reviews 19 studies into the effectiveness of early intervention programmes published from 1985 onward. The database comprised 85 different outcomes or effect sizes (71 in the cognitive domain, 14 in the socioemotional domain). The over-all effect size estimate was d = 0.32 (SE = 0.05) in the cognitive domain, and d = 0.05 (SE 0.02) in the socioemotional domain. Effect sizes were found to depend on delivery mode. Centre-based interventions and interventions following the combined home- and centre-based delivery mode produced greater effect sizes than did home-based programmes in the cognitive domain, but not in the socioemotional domain. The programme inclusion of coaching of parenting skills was also positively related to outcomes in the cognitive domain. Several other programme characteristics, including age of onset, programme length and intensity, continuation after kindergarten. and the inclusion of social or economic support, appeared not to be uniquely related to outcomes.

}, keywords = {attending head-start, day-care, disadvantaged-children, dutch families, emergent literacy intervention, follow-up evaluation, no preschool, nurse home visitation, preschool programs, school outcomes}, isbn = {0165-0254}, doi = {10.1080/01650250444000515}, author = {Blok, H. and Fukkink, R. G. and Gebhardt, E. C. and Leseman, P. P. M.} } @article {716, title = {Reducing Overt and Relational Aggression Among Young Children: The Results from a Two-Year Outcome Evaluation}, journal = {Journal of School Violence}, volume = {7}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-02-2008}, pages = {27 - 42}, issn = {1538-8220}, doi = {10.1300/J202v07n01_03}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J202v07n01_03}, author = {Boyle, Douglas and Hassett-Walker, Connie} } @article {5946, title = {The right to early childhood education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Executive summary}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Early childhood education}, url = {http://v2.campanaderechoeducacion.org/phocadownload/clade_primeirainfancia2018_eng_web.pdf}, author = {Campana and OMEP and EDUCO} } @article {321, title = {Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {297}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Aug 2}, pages = {851-4}, abstract = {

We studied a large sample of male children from birth to adulthood to determine why some children who are maltreated grow up to develop antisocial behavior, whereas others do not. A functional polymorphism in the gene encoding the neurotransmitter-metabolizing enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) was found to moderate the effect of maltreatment. Maltreated children with a genotype conferring high levels of MAOA expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems. These findings may partly explain why not all victims of maltreatment grow up to victimize others, and they provide epidemiological evidence that genotypes can moderate children\&$\#$39;s sensitivity to environmental insults.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Environment, Genetics, Behavioral, Genotype, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minisatellite Repeats, Monoamine Oxidase, Polymorphism, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Violence}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1072290}, author = {Caspi, Avshalom and McClay, Joseph and Moffitt, Terrie E and Mill, Jonathan and Martin, Judy and Craig, Ian W and Taylor, Alan and Poulton, Richie} } @article {335, title = {Resilience under conditions of extreme stress: a multilevel perspective.}, journal = {World Psychiatry}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {145-54}, abstract = {

Resilience has been conceptualized as a dynamic developmental process encompassing the attainment of positive adaptation within the context of significant threat, severe adversity, or trauma. Until the past decade, the empirical study of resilience predominantly focused on behavioral and psychosocial correlates of, and contributors to, the phenomenon and did not examine neurobiological or genetic correlates of and contributors to resilience. Technological advances in molecular genetics and neuroimaging, and in measuring other biological aspects of behavior, have made it more feasible to begin to conduct research on pathways to resilient functioning from a multilevel perspective. Child maltreatment constitutes a profound immersion in severe stress that challenges and frequently impairs development across diverse domains of biological and psychological functioning. Research on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is presented as an illustration of empirical work that is moving from single-level to multilevel investigations of competent functioning in the face of adversity and trauma. These include studies of personality, neural, neuroendocrine, and molecular genetic contributors to resilient adaptation. Analogous to neural plasticity that takes place in response to brain injury, it is conjectured that it may be possible to conceptualize resilience as the ability of individuals to recover functioning after exposure to extreme stress. Multilevel randomized control prevention and intervention trials have substantial potential for facilitating the promotion of resilient functioning in diverse high-risk populations that have experienced significant adversity. Determining the multiple levels at which change is engendered through randomized control trials will provide insight into the mechanisms of change, the extent to which neural plasticity may be promoted, and the interrelations between biological and psychological processes in the development of maladaptation, psychopathology, and resilience.

}, issn = {1723-8617}, author = {Cicchetti, D.} } @inbook {576, title = {Religion, Health and the Economy}, booktitle = {The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions}, year = {2012}, pages = {430-442}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, organization = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9781118255544}, url = {http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/book?id=g9781405196901_9781405196901}, author = {Cochrane, J. R.}, editor = {Bongmba, E.K.aas, M.} } @article {7326, title = {Relocation from Greece: Lessons learned and looking ahead}, year = {2021}, keywords = {Greece, Protection and Human Rights, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/relocation-greece-lessons-learned-and-looking-ahead}, author = {DanishRefugeeCouncil} } @article {3221, title = {The Role of Education in Peacebulding Country Report: Uganda}, year = {2015}, month = {November 2015}, institution = {UNICEF Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam Centre for International Education, University of Sussex UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, url = {http://www.peace-ed-campaign.org/role-education-peacebuilding-uganda-myanmar/}, author = {Simone Datzberger and Alan McCully and Alan Smith} } @article {639, title = {Relationships between Macro and Micro Socio-Cultural Contexts: Implications for the Study of Interactions in the Mathematics Classroom}, journal = {Educational Studies in Mathematics}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, pages = {1-29}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

In this paper I attempt to clarify how the relationship between macro and micro social contexts has been addressed in the Vygotskian and Neo-Piagetian approaches to learning. For each approach I look at how key scholars (Cole, 1977; Perret-Clermont, Perret and Bell, 1991) come to view context as central to their theories of cognitive development. In order to illustrate my review of the dominant strands of empirical research I refer to studies that focus on the uses, learning and understanding of mathematics. I start the paper with the socio-cultural Vygotskian approach. This is closely associated with my own research into the relationship between culture and learning. Not surprisingly, I find biases in this body of research in terms of the macro and micro features of contexts which were analysed. In an attempt to gain insights into alternative ways of conceptualising these relationships I explore work which has adopted a socio-psychological approach. In the final part of the paper I discuss how these insights can be used to broaden our basis for studying interactions in the mathematics classroom and conclude by relating my ideas to new developments in socio-cultural theory.

}, isbn = {00131954}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3483058}, author = {Abreu, Guida De} } @book {2631, title = {The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes}, year = {1977}, publisher = {Yale University Press}, organization = {Yale University Press}, isbn = {9780300021868}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=qmGEiPU-O-cC}, author = {Deutsch, M.} } @article {2971, title = {Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adverse childhood experiences study}, journal = {Am J PsychiatryAm J PsychiatryAm J Psychiatry}, volume = {160}, number = {8}, year = {2003}, note = {Edwards, Valerie J
Holden, George W
Felitti, Vincent J
Anda, Robert F
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;160(8):1453-60.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {1453-60}, edition = {2003/08/06}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of a history of various combinations of childhood maltreatment types (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing of maternal battering) among adult members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) and explored the relationship with adult mental health of the combinations of types of childhood maltreatment and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. METHOD: A total of 8,667 adult members of an HMO completed measures of childhood exposure to family dysfunction, which included items on physical and sexual abuse, witnessing of maternal battering, and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. The adults{\textquoteright} current mental health was assessed by using the mental health scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. RESULTS: The prevalences of sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing of maternal violence were 21.6\%, 20.6\%, and 14.0\%, respectively, when the maltreatment types were considered separately. Among respondents reporting any of the maltreatment types, 34.6\% reported more than one type of maltreatment. Lower mean mental health scores were associated with higher numbers of abuse categories (mean=78.5, 75.5, 72.8, and 69.9 for respondents with no, one, two, and three abuse types, respectively). Both an emotionally abusive family environment and the interaction of an emotionally abusive family environment with the various maltreatment types had a significant effect on mental health scores. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood physical and sexual abuse, as well as witnessing of maternal battering, were common among the adult members of an HMO in this study. Among those reporting any maltreatment, more than one-third had experienced more than one type of maltreatment. A dose-response relation was found between the number of types of maltreatment reported and mental health scores. In addition, an emotionally abusive family environment accentuated the decrements in mental health scores. Future research examining the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult mental health should include assessments of a wide range of abusive experiences, as well as the family atmosphere in which they occur.}, keywords = {*Family Health, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Child Abuse/diagnosis/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Comorbidity, Domestic Violence/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {0002-953X (Print)
0002-953x}, author = {Edwards, V. J. and Holden, G. W. and Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F.} } @article {2986, title = {The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {101}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, note = {Eisenberg, N
Miller, P A
eng
935691/PHS HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
1987/01/01
Psychol Bull. 1987 Jan;101(1):91-119.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {91-119}, keywords = {*Empathy, *Interpersonal Relations, *Social Behavior, Humans}, isbn = {0033-2909 (Print)
0033-2909 (Linking)}, author = {Eisenberg, N. and Miller, P. A.} } @article {4501, title = {The rituals, fears and phobias of young children: insights from development, psychopathology and neurobiology}, journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, note = {Evans, D W
Gray, F L
Leckman, J F
eng
1999/07/28 00:00
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 1999 Summer;29(4):261-76.}, month = {Summer}, pages = {261-76}, abstract = {This study examined the relationship between ritualistic, compulsive-like behaviors and normative fears and phobias in 61 children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. Parents reported on their children{\textquoteright}s ritualistic habits, and perfectionistic behaviors that reflect what we have previously called "compulsive-like" behaviors. Parents also reported on their children{\textquoteright}s fears and phobias. Results indicated that various aspects of children{\textquoteright}s ritualistic and compulsive-like behaviors are correlated with children{\textquoteright}s fears and phobias. Developmental differences existed such that younger children{\textquoteright}s (< 4 years) repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors were related to "prepotent" fears such as stranger and separation anxieties, whereas the compulsive-like behaviors of older children (> 4 years) were correlated with more specific, "contextual" fears such as fears of contamination, death, and fears often associated with concerns of the inner city such as burglars, assault, etc. These findings are discussed in terms of the phenomenologic and possible neurobiological continuities between normative and pathologic rituals, fears and phobias.}, keywords = {*Ceremonial Behavior, *Fear, *Psychology, Child, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Compulsive Behavior/*psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Phobic Disorders/*psychology, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {0009-398X (Print)
0009-398X (Linking)}, author = {Evans, D. W. and Gray, F. L. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {3076, title = {Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, note = {Felitti, V J
Anda, R F
Nordenberg, D
Williamson, D F
Spitz, A M
Edwards, V
Koss, M P
Marks, J S
eng
TS-44-10/12/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
NETHERLANDS
1998/06/23
Am J Prev Med. 1998 May;14(4):245-58.}, month = {May}, pages = {245-58}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described. METHODS: A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5\%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life. RESULTS: More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported > or = 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P < .001). Persons who had experienced four or more categories of childhood exposure, compared to those who had experienced none, had 4- to 12-fold increased health risks for alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, and suicide attempt; a 2- to 4-fold increase in smoking, poor self-rated health, > or = 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life. CONCLUSIONS: We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.}, keywords = {*Cause of Death, *Child Abuse/statistics \& numerical data, *Family, *Social Problems, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California/epidemiology, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Domestic Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797 (Linking)}, author = {Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F. and Nordenberg, D. and Williamson, D. F. and Spitz, A. M. and Edwards, V. and Koss, M. P. and Marks, J. S.} } @article {382, title = {Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation: parent and family outcomes.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {117}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Mar}, pages = {781-6}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which the Early Start program of home visitation had beneficial consequences in the areas of maternal health, family functioning, family economic circumstances, and exposure to stress and adversity.

METHODS: The study used a randomized, controlled trial design in which 220 families receiving the Early Start program were contrasted with a control series of 223 families not receiving the program. Families were enrolled in the program after population screening conducted by community health nurses. Families were enrolled in the program for up to 36 months. Outcomes were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after trial entry.

RESULTS: There was a consistent lack of association between maternal and family outcomes and group membership. There were no significant differences between the Early Start and control series in any comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation suggested that the Early Start program failed to lead to parent- and family-related benefits. This absence of benefit for parent/family outcomes is contrasted with the benefits found previously for child-related outcomes, including child health, preschool education, child abuse and neglect, parenting, and behavioral adjustment. This comparison suggests that home visitation programs may provide benefits for child-related outcomes in the absence of parent- or family-related outcomes.

}, keywords = {Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Family Health, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Maternal Welfare, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Poverty, Social Support, Social Work, Spouse Abuse, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2005-1517}, author = {Fergusson, David M and Grant, Hildegard and Horwood, L John and Ridder, Elizabeth M} } @article {3156, title = {The Role of Communities in Protecting Education from Attack: Lessons Learned}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/the_role_of_communities_in_protecting_education_from_attack.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {7393, title = {Reflections on Gender, Patriarchy, and Peace: Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in Afghanistan}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Promundo-US, UN Women, and Global Affairs Canada}, address = {Washington D.C.}, keywords = {Conflict Prevention, Economic Participation, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV), Violent Conflict}, url = {https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/reflections-on-gender-patriarchy-and-peace-results-from-the-international-men-and-gender-equality-survey-images-in-afghanistan/}, author = {Gere{\v s}, N. and Heilman, B. and Hashimi, S.I. and Kakar, R. and Kelberg, M. and Hakobyan, L. and El Feki, S. and Barker, G.} } @article {5716, title = {Role of income and family influence on child outcomes}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1136}, year = {2008}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
P01 AG029409-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
2008/06/27 09:00
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:307-23. doi: 10.1196/annals.1425.031.}, pages = {307-23}, abstract = {This chapter examines the role of income and family background in models of capability formation that explains a variety of findings established in the child development and child intervention literatures.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Income, *Parenting, Child, Child, Preschool, Family Characteristics, Humans, Models, Theoretical}, isbn = {0077-8923 (Print)
0077-8923 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5712, title = {The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {J Public Econ}, volume = {94}, number = {1-2}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter A
Yavitz, Adam
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Netherlands
2010/02/01 00:00
J Public Econ. 2010 Feb 1;94(1-2):114-128.}, month = {Feb 1}, pages = {114-128}, abstract = {This paper estimates the rate of return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program, an early intervention program targeted toward disadvantaged African-American youth. Estimates of the rate of return to the Perry program are widely cited to support the claim of substantial economic benefits from preschool education programs. Previous studies of the rate of return to this program ignore the compromises that occurred in the randomization protocol. They do not report standard errors. The rates of return estimated in this paper account for these factors. We conduct an extensive analysis of sensitivity to alternative plausible assumptions. Estimated annual social rates of return generally fall between 7-10 percent, with most estimates substantially lower than those previously reported in the literature. However, returns are generally statistically significantly different from zero for both males and females and are above the historical return on equity. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios support this conclusion.}, isbn = {0047-2727 (Print)
0047-2727 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. A. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5894, title = {The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {J Public Econ}, volume = {94}, number = {1-2}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter A
Yavitz, Adam
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Netherlands
J Public Econ. 2010 Feb 1;94(1-2):114-128.}, month = {Feb 1}, pages = {114-128}, edition = {2010/02/01}, abstract = {This paper estimates the rate of return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program, an early intervention program targeted toward disadvantaged African-American youth. Estimates of the rate of return to the Perry program are widely cited to support the claim of substantial economic benefits from preschool education programs. Previous studies of the rate of return to this program ignore the compromises that occurred in the randomization protocol. They do not report standard errors. The rates of return estimated in this paper account for these factors. We conduct an extensive analysis of sensitivity to alternative plausible assumptions. Estimated annual social rates of return generally fall between 7-10 percent, with most estimates substantially lower than those previously reported in the literature. However, returns are generally statistically significantly different from zero for both males and females and are above the historical return on equity. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios support this conclusion.}, isbn = {0047-2727 (Print)
0047-2727}, url = {https://heckmanequation.org/resource/the-rate-of-return-to-the-highscope-perry-preschool-program/}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. A. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5896, title = {The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {12}, year = {2001}, note = {Heim, C
Nemeroff, C B
MH 42088/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jun 15;49(12):1023-39.}, month = {Jun 15}, pages = {1023-39}, edition = {2001/06/30}, abstract = {Epidemiologic studies indicate that children exposed to early adverse experiences are at increased risk for the development of depression, anxiety disorders, or both. Persistent sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) circuits as a consequence of early life stress, which are integrally involved in the regulation of stress and emotion, may represent the underlying biological substrate of an increased vulnerability to subsequent stress as well as to the development of depression and anxiety. A number of preclinical studies suggest that early life stress induces long-lived hyper(re)activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems, resulting in increased stress responsiveness. Many of the findings from these preclinical studies are comparable to findings in adult patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Emerging evidence from clinical studies suggests that exposure to early life stress is associated with neurobiological changes in children and adults, which may underlie the increased risk of psychopathology. Current research is focused on strategies to prevent or reverse the detrimental effects of early life stress on the CNS. The identification of the neurobiological substrates of early adverse experience is of paramount importance for the development of novel treatments for children, adolescents, and adults.}, keywords = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism, Adult, Animals, Anxiety Disorders/*etiology/metabolism, Anxiety, Separation/metabolism/psychology, Brain/metabolism, Child, Child Abuse/psychology, Corticosterone/metabolism, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism, Depressive Disorder/etiology/metabolism, Humans, Life Change Events, Maternal Behavior/psychology, Mood Disorders/*etiology/metabolism, Nerve Net/metabolism, Norepinephrine/urine, Parenting, Raphe Nuclei/metabolism, Rats, Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism, Receptors, GABA/metabolism, RNA, Messenger/metabolism, Serotonin/metabolism, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism/*physiopathology/*psychology}, isbn = {0006-3223 (Print)
0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01157-X}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11430844}, author = {Heim, C. and Nemeroff, C. B.} } @inbook {580, title = {Race, gender, and young children}, booktitle = {Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder}, year = {1997}, pages = {51-74}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, url = {http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/psychology/developmental-psychology/developmental-psychopathology-perspectives-adjustment-risk-and-disorder}, author = {P. A. Katz and J. A. Kofkin}, editor = {S. S. Luthar and J. A. Burack and D. Cicchetti and J. R. Weisz} } @book {536, title = {The Role of the Father in Child Development}, year = {2004}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780471690436}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047040549X.html}, author = {Lamb, M.E.} } @article {7166, title = {Responsive caregiving, early learning and play, and children{\textquoteright}s safety and security during COVID-19}, year = {2021}, publisher = {LEGO Foundation}, keywords = {child protection, early learning, responsive caregiving}, url = {https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-lego-rapid-review-nurturing-care-covid-19.pdf}, author = {LEGO and fhi360} } @article {675, title = {A Review of Family-Based Programs to Prevent Youth Violence Among Latinos}, journal = {Hispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {548at
Times Cited:5
Cited References Count:43}, month = {Feb}, pages = {5-36}, abstract = {

At present, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of family-based intervention programs to prevent violence or related behavior problems with Latino youth and families. Although progress has been made, a number of important issues remain. In this article, the authors review several of the more prominent interventions for Latino youth and families, highlighting how they were adapted to or developed for Latino culture. They begin by discussing cultural sensitivity and how it affects the design, implementation, and adaptation of youth violence prevention programs. Following this, the authors review and discuss programs adapted for Latino families followed by programs developed specifically for Latino families. They highlight four primary components of family-based programs that have been linked most frequently to prevention outcomes: (a) improving parental monitoring,(b) increasing family cohesion, (c) increasing networking across families, and (d) empowering families to access resources more effectively.

}, keywords = {american, Behavior, cultural sensitivity, culture, hispanic adolescents, impacts, intervention, latinos, outcomes, parent-child interventions, school, substance use, therapy, youth violence prevention}, isbn = {0739-9863}, doi = {10.1177/0739986309353317}, author = {Leidy, M. S. and Guerra, N. G. and Toro, R. I.} } @article {5696, title = {Report of the Attorney General{\textquoteright}s National Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence: Defending childhood: Protect, heal, thrive}, year = {2012}, institution = {U.S. Department of Justice}, address = {Washington, DC}, keywords = {violence exposure}, url = {https://www.justice.gov/defendingchildhood/cev-rpt-full.pdf}, author = {Listenbee, R.} } @article {386, title = {A randomized controlled trial of Child FIRST: a comprehensive home-based intervention translating research into early childhood practice.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {82}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jan-Feb}, pages = {193-208}, abstract = {

This randomized, controlled trial was designed to document the effectiveness of Child FIRST (Child and Family Interagency, Resource, Support, and Training), a home-based, psychotherapeutic, parent-child intervention embedded in a system of care. Multirisk urban mothers and children, ages 6-36 months (N = 157) participated. At the 12-month follow-up, Child FIRST children had improved language (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4) and externalizing symptoms (OR= 4.7) compared to Usual Care children. Child FIRST mothers had less parenting stress at the 6-month follow-up (OR = 3.0), lower psychopathology symptoms at 12-month follow-up (OR = 4.0), and less protective service involvement at 3 years postbaseline (OR = 2.1) relative to Usual Care mothers. Intervention families accessed 91\% of wanted services relative to 33\% among Usual Care. Thus, Child FIRST is effective with multirisk families raising young children across multiple child and parent outcomes.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Comprehensive Health Care, Education, Family Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Social Environment, United States}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01550.x}, author = {Lowell, Darcy I and Carter, Alice S and Godoy, Leandra and Paulicin, Belinda and Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J} } @article {3096, title = {Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {e916-e922}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {2214-109X}, author = {Lu, Chunling and Black, Maureen M. and Richter, Linda M.} } @article {5908, title = {Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {2016}, note = {2214-109x
Lu, Chunling
Black, Maureen M
Richter, Linda M
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e916-e922. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30266-2. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e916-e922}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 2007 study published in The Lancet estimated that approximately 219 million children aged younger than 5 years were exposed to stunting or extreme poverty in 2004. We updated the 2004 estimates with the use of improved data and methods and generated estimates for 2010. METHODS: We used country-level prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years based on the 2006 Growth Standards proposed by WHO and poverty ratios from the World Bank to estimate children who were either stunted or lived in extreme poverty for 141 low-income and middle-income countries in 2004 and 2010. To avoid counting the same children twice, we excluded children jointly exposed to stunting and extreme poverty from children living in extreme poverty. To examine the robustness of estimates, we also used moderate poverty measures. FINDINGS: The 2007 study underestimated children at risk of poor development. The estimated number of children exposed to the two risk factors in low-income and middle-income countries decreased from 279.1 million (95\% CI 250.4 million-307.4 million) in 2004 to 249.4 million (209.3 million-292.6 million) in 2010; prevalence of children at risk fell from 51\% (95\% CI 46-56) to 43\% (36-51). The decline occurred in all income groups and regions with south Asia experiencing the largest drop. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence in both years. These findings were robust to variations in poverty measures. INTERPRETATION: Progress has been made in reducing the number of children exposed to stunting or poverty between 2004 and 2010, but this is still not enough. Scaling up of effective interventions targeting the most vulnerable children is urgently needed. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health, Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, Hilton Foundation, and WHO.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Global Health, *Growth Disorders, *Poverty, Africa South of the Sahara, Asia, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Risk Factors}, isbn = {2214-109x}, doi = {10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30266-2}, author = {Lu, C. and Black, M. M. and Richter, L. M.} } @article {676, title = {Risk factors for infant abuse and neglect in group-living rhesus monkeys}, journal = {Psychological SciencePsychological SciencePsychological Science}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, note = {165py
Times Cited:26
Cited References Count:14}, month = {Mar}, pages = {143-145}, abstract = {

This study investigated maternal abuse and neglect of off-spring in a large population of rhesus monkeys over a period of 29 years. Abuse and neglect did not occur together and were associated with different risk factors. Infant abuse was concentrated in 8 of 57 families and among closely related females. Abuse was also repeated with successive offspring. In contrast infant neglect was not affected by genealogical factors, was not repeated with successive offspring, and was displayed mostly by primiparous mothers. These results suggest that abuse and neglect may be different phenomena and that infant abuse in group-living monkeys could represent a good animal model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment.

}, keywords = {macaques}, isbn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00027}, author = {Maestripieri, D. and Carroll, K. A.} } @article {429, title = {Resilience in developmental psychopathology: contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {345-61}, abstract = {

Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study (PCLS) to resilience science and developmental psychopathology are highlighted in this article. Initiated by Norman Garmezy, the PCLS contributed models, measures, and methods, as well as working definitions of concepts like competence, developmental tasks, protective factors, and resilience. Findings from the study corroborated the feasibility of studying adaptation in a normative group of school children, identifying patterns of resilience, competence without major adversity, and maladaptive paths through life. Competence was multidimensional, showing continuity and change over time. Cascading effects across domains indicated that competence and problems spread over time. Thus, adult achievements in developmental tasks were rooted in childhood and adolescence. Young people who showed resilience had much in common with similarly successful peers who experienced less adversity over time, including high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, and good cognitive, as well as social-emotional, skills. Maladaptive youth in the study often faced high adversity with little adaptive capacity (internal or external) and tended to generate stressful experiences. Resilience often emerged in childhood and endured, but there also were late bloomers whose lives turned around in the transition to adulthood. The role of collaboration and mentorship in the PCLS is also discussed.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Personality, Resilience, Psychological}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S095457941200003X}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Tellegen, A.} } @article {423, title = {Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 May}, pages = {493-506}, abstract = {

This article delineates parallel frameworks that grew out of the research on risk and resilience over the past four decades, a framework for research and a framework for practice, and then discusses the promise of an emerging synthesis. The research framework defined the meaning, models, and methods that successfully guided four waves of research to date on the nature and processes involved in human resilience. The applied framework emerged in response to urgent needs of children and families faced by adversity and those charged with helping them, resulting in guidelines for translating the unfolding but incomplete research evidence into action. The application of a resilience approach transformed practice in many fields concerned with promoting resilience in people at risk for problems, revolutionizing the mission, models, measures, and methods of practice to align with the emphasis on positive adaptation and strengths defining a resilience-based approach. Yet these interventions rarely translated back to inform and refine resilience theory in ways that would accelerate progress to promote resilience more effectively. The concluding section on translational synergy discusses the potential for a synthesis of basic and applied resilience frameworks as the next steps toward realizing the original objective and promise of resilience science.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Life Change Events, Resilience, Psychological, Translational Medical Research}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579411000198}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {679, title = {Risk and Resilience in the Educational Success of Homeless and Highly Mobile Children: Introduction to the Special Section}, journal = {Educational ResearcherEducational ResearcherEducational Researcher}, volume = {41}, number = {9}, year = {2012}, note = {083jr
Times Cited:4
Cited References Count:14}, month = {Dec}, pages = {363-365}, abstract = {

Homelessness and mobility in the context of poverty and economic crisis is an issue of rising local, national, and global concern for many stakeholders, including educators and education leaders. The articles featured in this special issue offer important data and commentary on the significance of homelessness and mobility for school success. This introduction provides a brief overview of the special section, which includes four empirical articles and an integrative commentary. These articles underscore the importance of mobility as well as poverty for achievement disparities and the practical value of integrated data and collaborative research for informing educational practice and policy.

}, keywords = {achievement gap, disparities, factor analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Poverty, regression analyses, urban education}, isbn = {0013-189x}, doi = {10.3102/0013189x12467366}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {422, title = {Resilience in developing systems: progress and promise as the fourth wave rises.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {19}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Summer}, pages = {921-30}, abstract = {

Perspectives based on the first three waves of resilience research are discussed with the goal of informing the fourth wave of work, which is characterized by a focus on multilevel analysis and the dynamics of adaptation and change. Resilience is defined as a broad systems construct, referring to the capacity of dynamic systems to withstand or recover from significant disturbances. As the systems perspective on resilience builds strength and technologies of measuring and analyzing multiple levels of functioning and their interactions improve, it is becoming feasible to study gene-environment interactions, the development of adaptive systems and their role in resilience, and to conduct experiments to foster resilience or reprogram the fundamental adaptive systems that protect development in the context of adversity. Hot spots for future research to study and integrate multiple levels of analysis are delineated on the basis of evidence gleaned from the first waves of resilience research.

}, keywords = {Humans, Mental Disorders, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579407000442}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {436, title = {A review of parenting programs in developing countries: opportunities and challenges for preventing emotional and behavioral difficulties in children.}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {15}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jun}, pages = {163-75}, abstract = {

Many children in developing countries are at risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties, which are likely to be elevated due to the effects of poverty. Parenting programs have shown to be effective preventative strategies in high-income countries, but to date the research on their effectiveness in lower-income countries is limited. International organizations such as the World Health Organization have called for the implementation of programs to prevent behavioral difficulties through the development of stable relationships between children and their parents. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature on parenting programs in developing countries in order to identify challenges, opportunities and directions for further research. First, reports of international organizations were reviewed in order to gain a preliminary overview of the field. In a second stage, a non-systematic review was carried out. Databases were searched in order to identify empirical evaluations of parenting programs in low-income countries. Finally, a systematic review was carried out to specifically identify evaluations of programs targeting emotional or behavioral outcomes. Only one study had a strong methodology among those designed to prevent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Opportunities for further program development and research are identified.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Education, Humans, Parenting, Poverty, Program Evaluation}, issn = {1573-2827}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-012-0116-9}, author = {Mejia, Anilena and Calam, Rachel and Sanders, Matthew R} } @article {5947, title = { Responding to the ECEC needs of children of refugees and asylum seekers in Europe and North America}, year = {2018}, institution = {Migration Policy Institute}, keywords = {child refugees, children and family policy, Early childhood education, Education, immigrant integration, immigration policy and law}, url = {https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/responding-ecec-needs-children-refugees-asylum-seekers-europe-north-america}, author = {MigrationPolicyInstitute} } @article {4786, title = {Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {207}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Ng, Lauren C
Kirk, Catherine M
Kanyanganzi, Frederick
Fawzi, Mary C Smith
Sezibera, Vincent
Shema, Evelyne
Bizimana, Justin I
Cyamatare, Felix R
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH07724601/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/06/06 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;207(3):262-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154591. Epub 2015 Jun 4.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {262-8}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people. Children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV rates are disproportionately high, may be at increased risk. AIMS: To identify predictors, including HIV status, of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children aged 10-17. METHOD: Matched case-control study of 683 HIV-positive, HIV-affected (seronegative children with an HIV-positive caregiver), and unaffected children and their caregivers. RESULTS: Over 20\% of HIV-positive and affected children engaged in suicidal behaviour in the previous 6 months, compared with 13\% of unaffected children. Children were at increased risk if they met criteria for depression, were at high-risk for conduct disorder, reported poor parenting or had caregivers with mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Policies and programmes that address mental health concerns and support positive parenting may prevent suicidal ideation and behaviour in children at increased risk related to HIV.}, keywords = {*Suicidal Ideation, Adolescent, Caregivers/psychology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Conduct Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Depressive Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Female, HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology, HIV Seronegativity, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parenting/psychology, protective factors, Risk Factors, Rwanda/epidemiology, Social Support, Stereotyping}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Ng, L. C. and Kirk, C. M. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Fawzi, M. C. and Sezibera, V. and Shema, E. and Bizimana, J. I. and Cyamatare, F. R. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {6272, title = {Risk of childhood psychiatric disorders in children of refugee parents with post-traumatic stress disorder: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study}, journal = {The Lancet Public Health}, volume = {4}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-07-2019}, pages = {e353 - e359}, keywords = {children of refugees, parental post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, Refugees}, issn = {24682667}, doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30077-5}, url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(19)30077-5/fulltext}, author = {Back Nielsen, Maj and Carlsson, Jessica and K{\o}ster Rimvall, Martin and Petersen, J{\o}rgen Holm and Norredam, Marie} } @book {543, title = {Reframing the Early Childhood Curriculum: Educational Imperatives for the Future}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9781134654673}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=XVuFAgAAQBAJ}, author = {Page, J.} } @inbook {7390, title = { Resilience humanitarianism and peacebuilding}, booktitle = {Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change}, year = {2021}, pages = {361-74}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = { Resilience humanitarianism and peacebuilding}, keywords = {crisis, culture, Health, humanitarian action, Interventions, partnerships, peacebuilding, political economy, structural resilience, transformation}, url = {https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.001.0001/oso-9780190095888-chapter-20}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Ungar, M.} } @article {5501, title = {The role of nutrition in integrated early child development in the 21st century: contribution from the Maternal and Child Nutrition journal}, journal = {Matern Child Nutr}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Moran, Victoria Hall
eng
Editorial
Introductory
England
2016/12/30 06:00
Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jan;13(1):3-6. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12387.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {3-6}, abstract = {Even though it is widely recognized that early childhood development (ECD) is one of the most important predictors of future social capital and national productivity, the recently published ECD Lancet Series reports that about 250 million children under 5 years are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential, mainly as a result of poverty and social injustice. So why is this and what will it take to reverse this situation? The purpose of this special issue is to highlight important contributions from previously published articles in Maternal \& Child Nutrition to the field of nutrition and ECD. The collection of papers presented in this special issue collectively indicates that although nutrition-specific interventions are essential for child development, they are not sufficient by themselves for children to reach their full developmental potential. This is because ECD is influenced by many other factors besides nutrition, including hand washing/sanitation, parenting skills, psychosocial stimulation, and social protection. Future research should focus on mixed-methods implementation science seeking to understand how best to translate evidence-based integrated ECD packages into effective intersectoral policies and programs on a large scale. In addition to health and nutrition, these programs need to consider and include responsive parenting (including responsive feeding), learning stimulation, education, and social protection. Future studies should also address if and how childhood obesity affects human physical, socioemotional, and cognitive development.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, *child policies, *child programs, *early child development, *social protection, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Nutrition Policy, Parenting, Periodicals as Topic}, isbn = {1740-8709 (Electronic)
1740-8695 (Linking)}, author = {Perez-Escamilla, R. and Moran, V. H.} } @article {5336, title = {Role of the father}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {102}, number = {5 Suppl E}, year = {1998}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Review
1998/10/31 00:00
Pediatrics. 1998 Nov;102(5 Suppl E):1253-61.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1253-61}, abstract = {Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father-infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a long-term study of primary caregiving fathers also are presented.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Father-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, *Psychology, Child, Adult, Fathers/psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Role}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {6497, title = {Roma Education Fund{\textquoteright}s statement on COVID 19 effecting Roma communities and access to education}, year = {2020}, publisher = {ROMA Education Fund}, address = {Hungary}, abstract = {The Roma Education Fund (REF) calls for the attention of the European Commission (EC), governments of respective EU Member States, candidate and other European countries to urgently react on the extremely vulnerable position of Roma communities in the light of COVID 19 pandemic.}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.romaeducationfund.org/roma-education-funds-statement-on-covid-19-effecting-roma-communities-and-access-to-education/?fbclid=IwAR3ikqpbDzjHQ6OS4xlCOXSSq-P20M8bfHgZqDamGlckfwx7dO_EkYZJ6ws}, author = {ROMA} } @article {6174, title = {The role of child benefits in enabling family-friendly policies to achieve the triple bottom line. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {2019}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child benefits, cognitive development, food security, gender equality, inequality, partnerships, Poverty, resilience, Social cohesion, social inclusion, social protection, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Child-Benefits-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Samson, M. and UNICEF} } @article {6228, title = {Road to recovery: Responding to children{\textquoteright}s mental health in conflict}, year = {2019}, institution = {Save the Children}, address = {London}, keywords = {child mental health, child refugees}, url = {https://www.savethechildren.org/content/dam/usa/reports/emergency-response/road-to-recovery.pdf}, author = {SavetheChildren} } @article {398, title = {Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the family check-up in early childhood.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

Despite recent research indicating that 1 of the pivotal times for identifying pathways to early conduct problems is the toddler period, few family-based preventive interventions have been specifically designed to modify child disruptive behavior during this age period. This randomized trial tested the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up in sustaining maternal involvement and preventing the exacerbation of child conduct problems among 120 at-risk toddler-age boys, half of whom were randomly assigned to a treatment condition. The intervention was associated with reductions in disruptive behavior and greater maternal involvement and was particularly effective for children at greater risk for a persistent trajectory of conduct problems. The results are discussed in relation to other preventive interventions for young children.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Education, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Pennsylvania, Risk, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.1}, author = {Shaw, Daniel S and Dishion, Thomas J and Supplee, Lauren and Gardner, Frances and Arnds, Karin} } @article {5071, title = {Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the U.S.: Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Slopen, Natalie
Shonkoff, Jack P
Albert, Michelle A
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Jacobs, Aryana
Stoltz, Rebecca
Williams, David R
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
2015/09/08 06:00
Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013. Epub 2015 Sep 2.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {47-56}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Childhood adversity is an under-addressed dimension of primary prevention of disease in children and adults. Evidence shows racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of childhood adversity in the U.S., yet data on the interaction of race/ethnicity and SES for exposure risk is limited, particularly with consideration of immigration history. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in nine adversities among children (from birth to age 17 years) in the National Survey of Child Health (2011-2012) and determined how differences vary by immigration history and income (N=84,837). METHODS: We estimated cumulative adversity and individual adversity prevalences among white, black, and Hispanic children of U.S.-born and immigrant parents. We examined whether family income mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and exposure to adversities, and tested interactions (analyses conducted in 2014-2015). RESULTS: Across all groups, black and Hispanic children were exposed to more adversities compared with white children, and income disparities in exposure were larger than racial/ethnic disparities. For children of U.S.-born parents, these patterns of racial/ethnic and income differences were present for most individual adversities. Among children of immigrant parents, there were few racial/ethnic differences for individual adversities and income gradients were inconsistent. Among children of U.S.-born parents, the Hispanic-white disparity in exposure to adversities persisted after adjustment for income, and racial/ethnic disparities in adversity were largest among children from high-income families. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous consideration of multiple social statuses offers promising frameworks for fresh thinking about the distribution of disease and the design of targeted interventions to reduce preventable health disparities.}, keywords = {*Continental Population Groups, *Health Status Disparities, Adolescent, Child, Child Welfare/*ethnology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Ethnic Groups/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Income/*statistics \& numerical data, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States}, isbn = {1873-2607 (Electronic)
0749-3797 (Linking)}, author = {Slopen, N. and Shonkoff, J. P. and Albert, M. A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Jacobs, A. and Stoltz, R. and Williams, D. R.} } @article {462, title = {Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives.}, journal = {Eur J Psychotraumatol}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, abstract = {

In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).

}, issn = {2000-8066}, doi = {10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338}, author = {Southwick, S. M. and Bonanno, G. A. and Masten, A. S. and Panter-Brick, C. and Yehuda, R.} } @article {5982, title = {Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary - General on violence against children}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {violence prevention}, url = {https://undocs.org/A/HRC/40/50}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {4551, title = {Risk and resilience: early manipulation of macaque social experience and persistent behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Stevens, Hanna E
Leckman, James F
Coplan, Jeremy D
Suomi, Stephen J
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2009/01/08 09:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;48(2):114-27. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318193064c.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {114-27}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the contributions of research on nonhuman primates, specifically macaque monkeys, to the understanding of early social stress and its effects on behavior and neurophysiology. METHOD: Review and synthesis of two bodies of work on macaque monkeys and early social manipulation: peer rearing and variable foraging demands. The literature was searched with Medline using key terms macaque, variable foraging, and peer rearing. The reference lists of these articles were also used to generate potential studies for review. RESULTS: Nonhuman primate macaques show similarities to humans in their social development and functioning. Peer rearing of young macaques and rearing of young macaques with mothers experiencing variable foraging conditions both result in increased anxious, impulsive, and aggressive temperament and behavior; more reactive stress physiology; altered neurotransmitter functioning; and immune and metabolic changes. Functional variants of specific genes that code for neuromodulators are mediators of these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Disrupted social relations during macaque rearing contribute to the risk for developing emotional and neurophysiological disturbance. In the face of such disruption, certain genotypes contribute to resilience. This can be alternately stated that, for animals of high-risk genotypes, resilience is conferred by quality relationships during rearing. This interaction of genetics with early social environment also applies to child mental health, implicating biological mediators identified in macaques as contributing to more complex outcomes in humans.}, keywords = {*Mother-Child Relations, *Neurophysiology, *Resilience, Psychological, *Stress, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/physiology/*psychology, Animals, Child, Child Behavior/physiology/*psychology, Child Development/*physiology, Child Rearing/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Macaca, Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics, Risk, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Temperament/physiology}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Stevens, H. E. and Leckman, J. F. and Coplan, J. D. and Suomi, S. J.} } @article {6106, title = {A randomized pilot trial of two parenting interventions for fathers in residential substance use disorder treatment}, journal = {Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment}, volume = {104}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-09-2019}, pages = {116 - 127}, issn = {07405472}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsat.2019.07.003}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074054721930203X}, author = {Stover, Carla Smith and McMahon, Thomas J. and Moore, Kathleen} } @article {467, title = {Relevance or excellence? Setting research priorities for mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings.}, journal = {Harv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {20}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {25-36}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Humanitarian crises are associated with an increase in mental disorders and psychological distress. Despite the emerging consensus on intervention strategies in humanitarian settings, the field of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in humanitarian settings lacks a consensus-based research agenda.

METHODS: From August 2009 to February 2010, we contacted policymakers, academic researchers, and humanitarian aid workers, and conducted nine semistructured focus group discussions with 114 participants in three locations (Peru, Uganda, and Nepal), in both the capitals and remote humanitarian settings. Local stakeholders representing a range of academic expertise (psychiatry, psychology, social work, child protection, and medical anthropology) and organizations (governments, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and U.N. agencies) were asked to identify priority questions for MHPSS research in humanitarian settings, and to discuss factors that hamper and facilitate research.

RESULTS: Thematic analyses of transcripts show that participants broadly agreed on prioritized research themes in the following order: (1) the prevalence and burden of mental health and psychosocial difficulties in humanitarian settings, (2) how MHPSS implementation can be improved, (3) evaluation of specific MHPSS interventions, (4) the determinants of mental health and psychological distress, and (5) improved research methods and processes. Rather than differences in research themes across countries, what emerged was a disconnect between different groups of stakeholders regarding research processes: the perceived lack of translation of research findings into actual policy and programs; misunderstanding of research methods by aid workers; different appreciation of the time needed to conduct research; and disputed universality of research constructs.

CONCLUSIONS: To advance a collaborative research agenda, actors in this field need to bridge the perceived disconnect between the goals of \"relevance\" and \"excellence.\" Research needs to be more sensitive to questions and concerns arising from humanitarian interventions, and practitioners need to take research findings into account in designing interventions.

}, keywords = {Altruism, Female, Focus Groups, Health Services Research, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Nepal, Peru, Relief Work, Research, Research Design, Social Support, Uganda}, issn = {1465-7309}, doi = {10.3109/10673229.2012.649113}, author = {Tol, W. A. and Patel, V. and Tomlinson, M. and Baingana, F. and Galappatti, A. and Silove, D. and Sondorp, E. and van Ommeren, M. and Wessells, M. G. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {466, title = {Research priorities for mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings.}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Sep}, pages = {e1001096}, keywords = {Altruism, Delivery of Health Care, Disasters, Health Services Research, Humans, Internationality, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Social Support, War}, issn = {1549-1676}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001096}, author = {Tol, W. A. and Patel, V. and Tomlinson, M. and Baingana, F. and Galappatti, A. and Panter-Brick, C. and Silove, D. and Sondorp, E. and Wessells, M. and van Ommeren, M.} } @article {4701, title = {Research priority setting for integrated early child development and violence prevention (ECD+) in low and middle income countries: An expert opinion exercise}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {72}, year = {2017}, note = {Tomlinson, Mark
Jordans, Mark
MacMillan, Harriet
Betancourt, Theresa
Hunt, Xanthe
Mikton, Christopher
eng
Comparative Study
England
2017/08/13 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2017 Oct;72:131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.021. Epub 2017 Aug 9.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {131-139}, abstract = {Child development in low and middle income countries (LMIC) is compromised by multiple risk factors. Reducing children{\textquoteright}s exposure to harmful events is essential for early childhood development (ECD). In particular, preventing violence against children - a highly prevalent risk factor that negatively affects optimal child development - should be an intervention priority. We used the Child Health and Nutrition Initiative (CHNRI) method for the setting of research priorities in integrated Early Childhood Development and violence prevention programs (ECD+). An expert group was identified and invited to systematically list and score research questions. A total of 186 stakeholders were asked to contribute five research questions each, and contributions were received from 81 respondents. These were subsequently evaluated using a set of five criteria: answerability; effectiveness; feasibility and/or affordability; applicability and impact; and equity. Of the 400 questions generated, a composite group of 50 were scored by 55 respondents. The highest scoring research questions related to the training of Community Health Workers (CHW{\textquoteright}s) to deliver ECD+ interventions effectively and whether ECD+ interventions could be integrated within existing delivery platforms such as HIV, nutrition or mental health platforms. The priority research questions can direct new research initiatives, mainly in focusing on the effectiveness of an ECD+ approach, as well as on service delivery questions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic exercise of its kind in the field of ECD+. The findings from this research priority setting exercise can help guide donors and other development actors towards funding priorities for important future research related to ECD and violence prevention.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Research, Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developmental Disabilities/*prevention \& control, Domestic Violence/*prevention \& control, Early child development, Ecd+, Exposure to Violence/*prevention \& control, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Integrated early childhood development, Interdisciplinary Communication, Intersectoral Collaboration, Peer Group, Priority setting, Risk Factors, Social Environment, violence prevention}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Tomlinson, M. and Jordans, M. and MacMillan, H. and Betancourt, T. and Hunt, X. and Mikton, C.} } @article {5081, title = {Response to Commentaries on Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Research on Asian American Child Development}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Tseng, Vivian
Kiang, Lisa
Mistry, Jayanthi
Mistry, Rashmita S
Wang, Yijie
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Comment
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):1066-8. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12579.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1066-8}, abstract = {We briefly respond here to the commentaries to the Special Section focused on Asian American child development by Cheah, Lee, Beaupre, and Zhou, and McLoyd. We consider three questions raised in their comments. What does it mean to focus on Asian Americans? How should we examine development across the life course? How can we generate more policy- and practice-relevant research?.}, keywords = {*Asian Americans, *Research, Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Tseng, V. and Kiang, L. and Mistry, J. and Mistry, R. S. and Wang, Y. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6321, title = {The Rights of Children for Optimal Development and Nurturing Care}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {144}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-12-2019}, pages = {e20190487}, abstract = { }, keywords = {international child health}, issn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2019-0487}, url = {http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/lookup/doi/10.1542/peds.2019-0487}, author = {Uchitel, Julie and Alden, Errol and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. and Goldhagen, Jeffrey and Narayan, Aditee Pradhan and Raman, Shanti and Spencer, Nick and Wertlieb, Donald and Wettach, Jane and Woolfenden, Sue and Mikati, Mohamad A.} } @article {6244, title = {Refugee education 2030: A strategy for refugee inclusion}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNHCR}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, keywords = {Education, inclusion, Refugee, refugee education}, url = {https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {6537, title = {Research on the Sexual Exploitation of Boys: Findings, ethical considerations and methodological challenges}, year = {2020}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {boys, child abuse and neglect, child sexual abuse}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/sexual-exploitation-boys-findings-ethical-considerations-methodological-challenges/?fbclid=IwAR1lc6skpLaoTbwnF2tSAhJ9Ntz67dpoy0k7lIbeRXI3eUxOFd5h6A3Zlrg}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5678, title = {Resolution on Youth, Peace and Security}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations Security Concil}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2250\%282015\%29}, author = {UnitedNations and Security Council} } @article {623, title = {Reaching the Marginalized}, year = {2010}, institution = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001866/186606E.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {211, title = {The relationships between personality traits and plasma gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, insulin, and oxytocin levels in healthy women.}, journal = {J Psychosom Res}, volume = {37}, year = {1993}, month = {1993 Sep}, pages = {581-8}, abstract = {

In earlier studies performed on a group of women with gastrointestinal symptoms, significant positive correlations between the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin and anxiety, and a negative correlation with socialization were obtained. These and other relationships were tested on 33 healthy women. A comprehensive and concise statistical model was used for the analysis of correlations between, on one hand, the levels of oxytocin and the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin and insulin, and, on the other hand, personality traits. Almost all explained variance of the hormone levels could be referred to three personality trait factors, Anxiety, Aggressive non-conformity, and Detachment. The statistical explanation of the gastrin level variance was most successful, the three personality trait factors explaining 48\% of this variance. Gastrin \"increased\" Anxiety while reducing Aggressive non-conformity and Detachment. A similar pattern for insulin was also reliable. Considering general trends, the negative correlations between all hormones and Detachment are interesting. Present data suggest that there is a psychoendocrinological antithesis to the fight-flight individual, characterized by high activity in the sympathoadrenal system: these contrasting persons, with high levels of the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin and insulin, tend to be warm and caring and non-aggressive--but often not free from anxiety. We do not think that the demonstrated associations between hormone levels and personality traits implicate a direct causal relationship. They rather may mirror the activity of centrally acting or hypothalamic control systems which influence both behavioural and endocrine profiles.

}, keywords = {Adult, Cholecystokinin, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Gastrins, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Personality, Reference Values, Somatostatin}, issn = {0022-3999}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K. and Arn, I. and Jonsson, C. O. and Ek, S. and Nilsonne, A.} } @article {7386, title = {Resilience in the context of war: A critical analysis of contemporary conceptions and interventions to promote resilience among war-affected children and their surroundings.}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {23}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-01-2017}, pages = {76 - 84}, keywords = {resilience, War, war-affected children}, issn = {1078-1919}, doi = {10.1037/pac0000214}, url = {https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2Fpac0000214}, author = {Vindevogel, Sofie} } @article {5938, title = {Review of implementation processes for integrated nutrition and psychosocial stimulation interventions}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1308}, year = {2014}, note = {1749-6632
Yousafzai, Aisha K
Aboud, Frances
Journal Article
Review
United States
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Jan;1308:33-45. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12313. Epub 2013 Dec 26.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {33-45}, edition = {2014/01/01}, abstract = {This article reviews the implementation processes for interventions that integrate nutrition and psychosocial stimulation for children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. We examine the content of these programs, the delivery strategy, intensity and duration, personnel training and supervision, compliance, and fidelity. A systematic search of the Global Health Ovid database yielded 1020 articles, of which 29 fit the criteria, and two further studies recently completed were reported by author communication. Some of these articles describe efficacy or effectiveness studies where nutritional supplements or education along with psychosocial stimulation experiences or education were delivered directly to children or their caregivers. Other papers describe large-scale programs, such as conditional cash transfers in Latin America, Integrated Child Development Services preschools in India, and World Bank collaborations with national governments in Africa. A summary table of the implementation processes of the 31 programs is included. We conclude with a set of recommendations summarizing what we know so far regarding best practices for integrative programs.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, compliance, delivery strategies, Developing Countries, dosage, Early Intervention (Education), Early Medical Intervention, fidelity, Global Health, Humans, implementation processes, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Social Support}, isbn = {0077-8923}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.12313}, author = {Yousafzai, A. K. and Aboud, F.} }