@book {476, title = {Patterns of Attachment}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Erlbaum}, organization = {Erlbaum}, address = {Hillsdale, NJ}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Patterns_of_Attachment.html?id=wK4BCgAAQBAJ}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth and M. C. Blehar and E. Waters and S. Wall} } @article {7238, title = {Promoting mother-infant relationships and underlying neural correlates: Results from a randomized controlled trial of a home-visiting program for adolescent mothers in Brazil}, journal = {Developmental Science}, year = {2021}, month = {Dec-04-2021}, keywords = {EG, home-visiting intervention, infant social development, maternal care competencies, mother-infant attachment}, issn = {1363-755X}, doi = {10.1111/desc.13113}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.13113}, author = {Alarc{\~a}o, Fernanda Speggiorin Pereira and Shephard, Elizabeth and Fatori, Daniel and Am{\'a}vel, Renata and Chiesa, Anna and Fracolli, Lislaine and Matijasevich, Alicia and Brentani, Helena and Nelson, Charles A. and Leckman, James and Miguel, Eur{\'\i}pedes Constantino and Polanczyk, Guilherme V.} } @article {372, title = {Parent education by maternity nurses and prevention of abusive head trauma.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {128}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Nov}, pages = {e1164-72}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: A consortium of the 19 community hospitals and 1 tertiary care children\&$\#$39;s hospital that provide maternity care in the New York State Hudson Valley region implemented a program to teach parents about the dangers of shaking infants and how to cope safely with an infant\&$\#$39;s crying. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the program in reducing the frequency of shaking injuries.

METHODS: The educational program, which was delivered by maternity nurses, included a leaflet explaining abusive head trauma (\"shaken baby syndrome\") and how to prevent it, an 8-minute video on the subject, and a statement signed by parents acknowledging receipt of the information and agreeing to share it with others who will care for the infant. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare the frequency of shaking injuries during the 3 years after program implementation with the frequency during a 5-year historical control period.

RESULTS: Sixteen infants who were born in the region during the 8-year study period were treated at the children\&$\#$39;s hospital for shaking injuries sustained during their first year of life. Of those infants, 14 were born during the 5-year control period and 2 during the 3-year postimplementation period. The decrease from 2.8 injuries per year (14 cases in 5 years) to 0.7 injuries per year (2 cases in 3 years) represents a 75.0\% reduction (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS: Parent education delivered in the hospital by maternity nurses reduces newborns\&$\#$39; risks of sustaining an abusive head injury resulting from shaking during the first year of life.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal-Child Nursing, New York, Nurse{\textquoteright}s Role, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Prevalence, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Risk Assessment, Shaken Baby Syndrome}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2010-3260}, author = {Altman, Robin L and Canter, Jennifer and Patrick, Patricia A and Daley, Nancy and Butt, Neelofar K and Brand, Donald A} } @article {7221, title = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, publisher = {American Psychological Association, Division 48}, keywords = {conflict resolution, peace, Psychology}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/PsycARTICLES/journal/pac/27/1} } @article {240, title = {Prevalence of mental disorders among children exposed to war: a systematic review of 7,920 children.}, journal = {Med Confl Surviv}, volume = {25}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jan-Mar}, pages = {4-19}, abstract = {

Worldwide, millions of children are affected by armed conflict. However, data on the prevalence of mental disorders among these children is sparse. We aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children affected by war using a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. We systematically reviewed existing literature to identify studies on prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and psychosis among children exposed to armed conflict. We searched electronic databases and references listed in studies to obtain eligible studies. We pooled studies using the random-effects method and explored heterogeneity using meta-regression analysis. Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included 7,920 children. Sample sizes ranged from 22 to 2,976. Four studies were conducted during a conflict and others during post-conflict. All the studies reported PTSD as the primary outcome ranging from 4.5 to 89.3\%, with an overall pooled estimate of 47\% (9\% CI: 35-60\%, I2 = 98\%). Meta-analysis heterogeneity was attributable to study location (OR 1.33, 95\% CI: 1.27-1.41), method of measurement (OR 1.36, 95\% CI: 1.29-1.44) and duration since exposure to war (coefficient 0.17, 95\% CI: 0.94-0.25). In addition, four studies reported elevated depression that allowed pooling (43\%, 95\% CI: 31-55\%) and three studies reported elevated anxiety disorders allowing pooling (27\%, 95\% CI: 21-33\%). Our systematic review suggests a higher prevalence rate of mental disorders among children exposed to conflict than among the general population. Given the number of current conflicts, there is a paucity of information regarding mental disorders among children affected by war.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Welfare, Humans, Mental Disorders, War}, issn = {1362-3699}, doi = {10.1080/13623690802568913}, author = {Attanayake, Vindya and McKay, Rachel and Joffres, Michel and Singh, Sonal and Burkle, Frederick and Mills, Edward} } @article {5860, title = {Parenting practices and problem behavior across three generations: monitoring, harsh discipline, and drug use in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {1939-0599
Bailey, Jennifer A
Hill, Karl G
Oesterle, Sabrina
Hawkins, J David
R01 DA009679/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA012138-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA012138/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA009679-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA12138-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA09679-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA023089-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Dev Psychol. 2009 Sep;45(5):1214-26. doi: 10.1037/a0016129.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1214-26}, edition = {2009/08/26}, abstract = {Using data from grandparents (G1), parents (G2), and children (G3), this study examined continuity in parental monitoring, harsh discipline, and child externalizing behavior across generations, and the contribution of parenting practices and parental drug use to intergenerational continuity in child externalizing behavior. Structural equation and path modeling of prospective, longitudinal data from 808 G2 participants, their G1 parents, and their school-age G3 children (n = 136) showed that parental monitoring and harsh discipline demonstrated continuity from G1 to G2. Externalizing behavior demonstrated continuity from G2 to G3. Continuity in parenting practices did not explain the intergenerational continuity in externalizing behavior. Rather, G2 adolescent externalizing behavior predicted their adult substance use, which was associated with G3 externalizing behavior. A small indirect effect of G1 harsh parenting on G3 was observed. Interparental abuse and socidemographic risk were included as controls but did not explain the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior. Results highlight the need for preventive interventions aimed at breaking intergenerational cycles in poor parenting practices. More research is required to identify parental mechanisms influencing the continuity of externalizing behavior across generations.}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency/*psychology, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Negotiating, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders/*psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0016129}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766356/}, author = {Bailey, J. A. and Hill, K. G. and Oesterle, S. and Hawkins, J. D.} } @article {5861, title = {Parenting practices and problem behavior across three generations: Monitoring, harsh discipline, and drug use in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, pages = {1214-1226}, doi = {10.1037/a0016129}, author = {Bailey, J.A. and Hill, K.G. and Oesterle, S.} } @book {6305, title = {Peace Psychology Book SeriesChildren and Peace}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

}, isbn = {978-3-030-22175-1}, issn = {2197-5779}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-22176-8}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030221751}, editor = {Balvin, Nikola and Christie, Daniel J.} } @article {641, title = {Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada}, journal = {Journal of Community PsychologyJournal of Community PsychologyJournal of Community Psychology}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, note = {426bc
Times Cited:67
Cited References Count:49}, month = {May}, pages = {259-280}, abstract = {

Informed by social ecological, social capital, and social disorganisation theories, this study tested an ecological model of youth experience In the Palestinian Intifada. The sample included 6,000 Palestinian 14 year olds, assessed in 1994 and 1995 after the end of the conflict. Data from retrospective self-reports of youth exposure to and involvement in political violence, and self-reports of current individual functioning (depression and antisocial behavior) and integration In several social contexts (family, peer relations, religion, education, and community), revealed: direct associations between Intifada experience and antisocial behavior and depression (females only; Intifada experience was positively associated with religiosity and unrelated to social integration in family, school, and peer relations; in some cases, social integration in family education, religion, and peer relations significantly moderated the associations between Intifada experience and youth problems; Integration in the several social contexts was directly related in predictable ways to youth problem behaviors, with neighborhood disorganisation the most consistent and Powerful predictor. The discussion centers around youth resilience to the effects of political violence, the role of psychological meaning children and adolescents can attach to political violence, and the overall salience of social integration in youth development. (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.

}, keywords = {children}, isbn = {0090-4392}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.1017}, author = {Barber, B. K.} } @article {694, title = {Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {29}, year = {2001}, month = {Jan-05-2001}, pages = {259 - 280}, issn = {00904392}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.1017.abs}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.1017.abs}, author = {Barber, Brian K.} } @inbook {564, title = {Prosocial Behavior and Altruism}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Social Psychology}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, pages = {282-316}, publisher = {McGraw-HIll}, organization = {McGraw-HIll}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/title/handbook-of-social-psychology/oclc/36520942}, author = {C. D. Batson}, editor = {D. Gilbert et al.} } @article {6517, title = {Parenting in a pandemic}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {BBC Parentland}, abstract = {How do you keep your family healthy and happy in the coronavirus lockdown? Mercy and Linda put your questions {\textendash} from giving birth in a pandemic to how to explain Covid-19 to kids - to two experts: Dr Pia Rebello Britto, UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Chief of Early Childhood Development, and Dr Steve Wall, Senior Director of Newborn Health at Save the Children.}, keywords = {COVID-19, pandemic, Parenting}, url = {https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p089psz9}, author = {BBC} } @inbook {565, title = {Population Quantity, Quality and Mobility}, booktitle = {Towards a Better Global Economy: Policy Implications for Citizens Worldwide in the 21st Century}, year = {2014}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, organization = {OUP Oxford}, isbn = {9780191035135}, url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/towards-a-better-global-economy-9780198723455?cc=us\&lang=en\&}, author = {Behrman, J.R. and Kohler, H. P.}, editor = {Behrman, J.R.} } @article {269, title = {Parochial altruism in humans.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {442}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Aug 24}, pages = {912-5}, abstract = {

Social norms and the associated altruistic behaviours are decisive for the evolution of human cooperation and the maintenance of social order, and they affect family life, politics and economic interactions. However, as altruistic norm compliance and norm enforcement often emerge in the context of inter-group conflicts, they are likely to be shaped by parochialism--a preference for favouring the members of one\&$\#$39;s ethnic, racial or language group. We have conducted punishment experiments, which allow \&$\#$39;impartial\&$\#$39; observers to punish norm violators, with indigenous groups in Papua New Guinea. Here we show that these experiments confirm the prediction of parochialism. We found that punishers protect ingroup victims--who suffer from a norm violation--much more than they do outgroup victims, regardless of the norm violator\&$\#$39;s group affiliation. Norm violators also expect that punishers will be lenient if the latter belong to their social group. As a consequence, norm violations occur more often if the punisher and the norm violator belong to the same group. Our results are puzzling for evolutionary multi-level selection theories based on selective group extinction as well as for theories of individual selection; they also indicate the need to explicitly examine the interactions between individuals stemming from different groups in evolutionary models.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Altruism, Biological Evolution, Game Theory, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Papua New Guinea, Punishment}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature04981}, author = {Bernhard, Helen and Fischbacher, Urs and Fehr, Ernst} } @article {4901, title = {Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Borisova, Ivelina
Williams, Timothy P
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Rubin-Smith, Julia E
Annan, Jeannie
Kohrt, Brandon A
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
England
2012/10/16 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;54(1):17-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x. Epub 2012 Oct 12.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {17-36}, abstract = {AIMS AND SCOPE: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age <18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG)--commonly referred to as child soldiers. METHODS: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the systematic assessment of quality in observational research (SAQOR). FINDINGS: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring.}, keywords = {*Mental Health, *Resilience, Psychological, *Social Adjustment, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/etiology/rehabilitation, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova, I. and Williams, T. P. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Rubin-Smith, J. E. and Annan, J. and Kohrt, B. A.} } @article {7380, title = {Promoting parent-child relationships and preventing violence via home-visiting: a pre-post cluster randomised trial among Rwandan families linked to social protection programmesAbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsTrial registration}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, keywords = {early childhood development, father engagement, home visiting, Poverty, social protection, Violence}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-08693-7}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-08693-7}, author = {Betancourt, Theresa S. and Jensen, Sarah K. G. and Barnhart, Dale A. and Brennan, Robert T. and Murray, Shauna M. and Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Farrar, Jordan and Godfroid, Kalisa and Bazubagira, Stephanie M. and Rawlings, Laura B. and Wilson, Briana and Sezibera, Vincent and Kamurase, Alex} } @article {4861, title = {Post-traumatic stress symptoms among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone: follow-up study}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {203}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
McBain, Ryan
Brennan, Robert T
eng
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH07724601A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2013/07/28 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;203(3):196-202. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113514. Epub 2013 Jul 25.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {196-202}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the trajectory of symptoms has yet to be examined. AIMS: The risk and protective factors associated with PTSD symptom change among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone were investigated. METHOD: Data from 243 former child soldiers (mean age 16.6 years, 30\% female) were analysed. RESULTS: Self-reported rates of possible PTSD using standard cut-off points declined from 32\% to 16\% 4 years later (P<0.05). Symptoms of PTSD at baseline were significantly associated with war experiences (P<0.01) and post-conflict family abuse (P<0.001). Reliable improvement in symptoms was reported by 30\%. In growth models examining symptom change, worsening of symptoms was associated with death of a parent (P<0.05) and post-conflict stigma (P<0.001). Protective effects were observed for increases in family acceptance (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated improvement in PTSD symptoms among former child soldiers despite limited access to care. Family and community support played a vital part in promoting psychological adjustment.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Combat Disorders/*epidemiology/rehabilitation, Family Relations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Prospective Studies, Sierra Leone/epidemiology, Stereotyping, Violence/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and McBain, R. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {270, title = {Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan}, pages = {17-36}, abstract = {

AIMS AND SCOPE: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age \<18\ years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG)--commonly referred to as child soldiers.

METHODS: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the systematic assessment of quality in observational research (SAQOR).

FINDINGS: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Military Personnel, Prevalence, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Adjustment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, War}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova, Ivelina and Williams, Timothy P and Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E and Rubin-Smith, Julia E and Annan, Jeannie and Kohrt, Brandon A} } @article {4971, title = {Past horrors, present struggles: the role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Agnew-Blais, Jessica
Gilman, Stephen E
Williams, David R
Ellis, B Heidi
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2009/10/31 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jan;70(1):17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.038. Epub 2009 Oct 28.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {17-26}, abstract = {Upon returning to their communities, children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups--commonly referred to as child soldiers--often confront significant community stigma. Much research on the reintegration and rehabilitation of child soldiers has focused on exposure to past war-related violence and mental health outcomes, yet no empirical work has yet examined the role that post-conflict stigma plays in shaping long-term psychosocial adjustment. Two waves of data are used in this paper from the first prospective study of male and female former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. We examined the role of stigma (manifest in discrimination as well as lower levels of community and family acceptance) in the relationship between war-related experiences and psychosocial adjustment (depression, anxiety, hostility and adaptive behaviors). Former child soldiers differ from one another with regard to their post-war experiences, and these differences profoundly shape their psychosocial adjustment over time. Consistent with social stress theory, we observed that post-conflict factors such as stigma can play an important role in shaping psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers. We found that discrimination was inversely associated with family and community acceptance. Additionally, higher levels of family acceptance were associated with decreased hostility, while improvements in community acceptance were associated with adaptive attitudes and behaviors. We found that post-conflict experiences of discrimination largely explained the relationship between past involvement in wounding/killing others and subsequent increases in hostility. Stigma similarly mediated the relationship between surviving rape and depression. However, surviving rape continued to demonstrate independent effects on increases in anxiety, hostility and adaptive/prosocial behaviors after adjusting for other variables. These findings point to the complexity of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration in these youth and have a number of programmatic and policy implications.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Psychology, Adolescent, *Psychology, Child, *Stereotyping, Adolescent, Child, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Disorders/epidemiology, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone/epidemiology, Stress, Psychological/epidemiology, Warfare}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Agnew-Blais, J. and Gilman, S. E. and Williams, D. R. and Ellis, B. H.} } @book {6237, title = {Permission to Feel: Unlocking the Power of Emotions to Help Our Kids, Ourselves, and Our Society Thrive}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Celadon Books}, organization = {Celadon Books}, keywords = {emotional intelligence, emotional regulation}, issn = {978-1-250-21284-9}, url = {https://celadonbooks.com/books/permission-to-feel/}, author = {Brackett, M.} } @article {290, title = {Predicting the social consequences of orphanhood in South Africa.}, journal = {Afr J AIDS Res}, volume = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {39-55}, abstract = {

This paper examines and questions the predictions found in the academic and policy literature of social breakdown in southern Africa in the wake of anticipated high rates of orphanhood caused by the AIDS epidemic. Analysis of the logic underlying these predictions reveals four causal relationships necessary to fulfil such dramatic and apocalyptic predictions: High AIDS mortality rates will produce high numbers of orphans. These orphans will become children who do not live in appropriate social environments to equip them for adult citizenship. Poor socialisation will mean that children orphaned by AIDS will not live within society\&$\#$39;s moral codes (becoming, for example, street children or juvenile delinquents). Large numbers of such \&$\#$39;asocial\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;antisocial\&$\#$39; children will precipitate a breakdown in the social fabric. Evidence for each of these steps in the argument is scrutinised using available data from southern Africa and other regions that have moved further through the epidemic\&$\#$39;s cycle. The paper finds strong evidence for the first step, although variable definitions of \&$\#$39;orphan\&$\#$39; make it difficult to draw accurate comparisons over time and space. Evidence for the second step is found to be mixed in terms of outcomes of AIDS orphanhood for child well-being. Moreover the argument takes little account of the social and economic environments onto which AIDS is mapped, including the economic fragility of households and pervading socio-cultural patterns of child-rearing. Data to substantiate the third step are anecdotal at best and no research is able to demonstrate a link between the long term effects of AIDS orphanhood and rising rates of juvenile delinquency. Arguments made towards the fourth step are shown to be based heavily on notions of the \&$\#$39;correct\&$\#$39; social and physical environments for children and on unsubstantiated fears of alternatives to these. There is no evidence from countries where numbers of AIDS orphans are already high to suggest that their presence is precipitating social breakdown. The paper argues-somewhat provocatively-that such apocalyptic predictions are unfounded and ill-considered. By misrepresenting the problems faced by children and their families, attention is distracted from the multiple layers of social, economic and psychological disadvantage that affect individual children, families and communities. Consequently, insufficient consideration is given to the multi-faceted supports necessary to assist children to cope with extremely difficult circumstances brought about over the long term by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

}, issn = {1608-5906}, doi = {10.2989/16085906.2003.9626558}, author = {Bray, Rachel} } @article {652, title = {The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?}, journal = {Journal of Social Issues}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, pages = {429-444}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishers Inc.}, isbn = {1540-4560}, doi = {10.1111/0022-4537.00126}, author = {Brewer, Marilynn B.} } @article {4256, title = {Provisions of learning experiences in the home and early childhood school readiness are clearly linked}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, number = {92}, year = {2001}, note = {Britto, P R
Brooks-Gunn, J
eng
Editorial
2001/07/27 10:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2001 Summer;(92):1-6. doi: 10.1002/cd.11.}, month = {Summer}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {*Language Development, *Reading, *Social Environment, Child, Child, Preschool, Family/psychology, Humans, Infant, Poverty/psychology, Psychosocial Deprivation, Semantics, Verbal Learning}, isbn = {1520-3247 (Print)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Brooks-Gunn, J.} } @article {7034, title = {Pathways to a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children in families}, journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, year = {2020}, month = {Apr-09-2021}, pages = {1 - 12}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, advocacy and social policy, early childhood development, parenting programs, peacebuilding}, issn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579420000681}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/pathways-to-a-more-peaceful-and-sustainable-world-the-transformative-power-of-children-in-families/0F844C72D920FE128965070E829104CC}, author = {Britto, Pia R. and Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Sunar, Diane and Issa, Ghassan and Hein, Sascha D. and do Ros{\'a}rio, Maria Concei{\c c}{\~a}o and Almuneef, Maha A. and Korucu, Irem and Togo, Yaya and Kurbonov, Jamshed and Choibekov, Nurlan and Phan, Hien Thi Thu and Fallon, N. Shemrah and Artuko{\u g}lu, Bekir B. and Hartl, Franz J. and Salah, Rima and Fitzpatrick, Siobh{\'a}n and Connolly, Paul and Dunne, Laura and Miller, Sarah and Pruett, Kyle and Leckman, James F.} } @article {295, title = {Placental protection of the fetal brain during short-term food deprivation.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {108}, year = {2011}, pages = {15237-41}, abstract = {

The fetal genome regulates maternal physiology and behavior via its placenta, which produces hormones that act on the maternal hypothalamus. At the same time, the fetus itself develops a hypothalamus. In this study we show that many of the genes that regulate placental development also regulate the developing hypothalamus, and in mouse the coexpression of these genes is particularly high on embryonic days 12 and 13 (days E12-13). Such synchronized expression is regulated, in part, by the maternally imprinted gene, paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), which also is developmentally coexpressed in the hypothalamus and placenta at days E12-13. We further show that challenging this genomic linkage of hypothalamus and placenta with 24-h food deprivation results in disruption to coexpressed genes, primarily by affecting placental gene expression. Food deprivation also produces a significant decrease in Peg3 gene expression in the placenta, with consequences similar to many of the placental gene changes induced by Peg3 mutation. Such genomic dysregulation does not occur in the hypothalamus, where Peg3 expression increases with food deprivation. Thus, changes in gene expression brought about by food deprivation are consistent with the fetal genome\&$\#$39;s maintaining hypothalamic development at a cost to its placenta. This biased change to gene dysregulation in the placenta is linked to autophagy and ribosomal turnover, which sustain, in the short term, nutrient supply for the developing hypothalamus. Thus, the fetus controls its own destiny in times of acute starvation by short-term sacrifice of the placenta to preserve brain development.

}, keywords = {Animals, Autophagy, Brain, Cortical Synchronization, Female, Fetus, Food Deprivation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Regulatory Networks, Hypothalamus, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Placenta, Pregnancy, Time Factors}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1106022108}, author = {Broad, Kevin D and Keverne, Eric B} } @article {296, title = {Is parental emotional reliability predictive of toddlers{\textquoteright} learning and helping?}, journal = {Infant Behav Dev}, volume = {36}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jun}, pages = {403-18}, abstract = {

This study set out to examine how toddlers\&$\#$39; word learning, imitation, and instrumental helping would be affected by the emotional reliability of a familiar model. Therefore, forty-two 24-month-olds were observed in interactions with their primary caregiver, who was evaluated on the quality of his or her sensitive behavior, such as responsiveness and emotional availability. Parents were first instructed how to administer different tasks to their child that included: teaching a novel word, demonstrating an \"irrational\" means of putting a dog inside a toy house through the chimney instead of the door, and appearing in need of help. The parent-child dyad was then observed during a 10-min period and the parent\&$\#$39;s level of responsiveness and availability was subsequently coded from this interaction. Finally, children were examined as to whether they learned a novel word, imitated, and helped their caregiver. It was observed that toddlers learned novel words better from an emotionally reliable primary caregiver. In addition, higher parental responsiveness and availability predicted better imitation in older children and higher levels of helping in girls. Taken together, these findings are the first to suggest that the emotional reliability of a familiar model, such as a parent\&$\#$39;s sensitive nature and consistent responsiveness, influences young children\&$\#$39;s willingness to learn and help.

}, keywords = {Animals, Child Language, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Female, Helping Behavior, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Infant, Learning, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Play and Playthings, Trust}, issn = {1934-8800}, doi = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.03.008}, author = {Brooker, Ivy and Poulin-Dubois, Diane} } @book {498, title = {Prejudice: Its Social Psychology}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781444391299}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP002249.html}, author = {Brown, R.} } @article {5869, title = {Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {9}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Browne, Heidi A
Modabbernia, Amirhossein
Buxbaum, Joseph D
Hansen, Stefan N
Schendel, Diana E
Parner, Erik T
Reichenberg, Abraham
Grice, Dorothy E
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;55(9):784-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jul 21.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {784-91}, edition = {2016/08/28}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We assessed the role of prenatal maternal smoking in risk for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder (TS/CT) and pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: In an analysis of 73,073 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, we calculated incidence rates (IR) per 1,000 person-year for TS/CT and OCD. We then determined crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95\% CIs associated with prenatal maternal smoking, considering smoking as a dichotomous (yes/no) variable or a stratified variable (no smoking, light smoking, and heavy smoking [>/=10 cigarettes/day]). Additional analyses examined the effect of maternal smoking on risk for TS/CT with other comorbid psychiatric conditions. RESULTS: In final adjusted analyses, heavy smoking was associated with a 66\% increased risk for TS/CT (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66, 95\% CI = 1.17-2.35). In addition, heavy smoking was associated with a 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both light and heavy smoking were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with any non-ADHD psychiatric comorbidity. Our parallel analyses of pediatric-onset OCD were likely underpowered but showed similar relationships. CONCLUSION: Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with increased risk for TS/CT as well as TS/CT with comorbid psychiatric conditions, even after adjustment for several important variables, including maternal psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and partner smoking. Our findings point to a pathway linking prenatal tobacco exposure and altered brain development to TS/CT.}, keywords = {*chronic tic disorder, *obsessive-compulsive disorder, *prenatal, *smoking, *Tourette syndrome, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Denmark/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology/*etiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*chemically induced/epidemiology, Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology, Tic Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology, Tourette Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010}, author = {Browne, H. A. and Modabbernia, A. and Buxbaum, J. D. and Hansen, S. N. and Schendel, D. E. and Parner, E. T. and Reichenberg, A. and Grice, D. E.} } @book {502, title = {The Promise of Mediation: Responding to Conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition}, year = {1994}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780787900274}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=RkW3AAAAIAAJ}, author = {Bush, R.A.B. and Folger, J.P.} } @article {7714, title = {Promoting Forcibly Displaced Children{\textquoteright}s Mental Health Through Educational Intervention}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs}, address = {New}, keywords = {child mental health, Forcibly displaced children, Psychoeducational interventions}, url = {https://issuu.com/jacksonyale/docs/policy_brief_promoting_forcibly_displaced_childr}, author = {Buster, A. and Pattisam, H. and Abdelkadir, H. and Geleta, A. and Ahsan, N. and Dabek, P. and Fallon, C. and Panter-Brick, C. and Khoudour, D.} } @article {308, title = {The programming of individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in the rat through variations in maternal care.}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {843-65}, abstract = {

There are profound maternal effects on individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in species ranging literally from plants to insects to birds. Maternal effects commonly reflect the quality of the environment and are most likely mediated by the quality of the maternal provision (egg, propagule, etc.), which in turn determines growth rates and adult phenotype. In this paper, we review data from the rat that suggest comparable forms of maternal effects on both defensive responses to threat and reproductive behavior and which are mediated by variations in maternal behavior. Ultimately, we will need to contend with the reality that neural development, function and health are defined by social and economic influences.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Individuality, Maternal Behavior, Phenotype, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Rats, Reproduction, Reproductive Behavior, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0149-7634}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.022}, author = {Cameron, N. M. and Champagne, F. A. and Parent, C. and Fish, E. W. and Ozaki-Kuroda, K. and Meaney, M. J.} } @article {319, title = {Physiological substrates of mammalian monogamy: the prairie vole model.}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, month = {1995 Summer}, pages = {303-14}, abstract = {

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are described here as a model system in which it is possible to examine, within the context of natural history, the proximate processes regulating the social and reproductive behaviors that characterize a monogamous social system. Neuropeptides, including oxytocin and vasopressin, and the adrenal glucocorticoid, corticosterone, have been implicated in the neural regulation of partner preferences, and in the male, vasopressin has been implicated in the induction of selective aggression toward strangers. We hypothesize here that interactions among oxytocin, vasopressin and glucocorticoids could provide substrates for dynamic changes in social and agonistic behaviors, including those required in the development and expression of monogamy. Results from research with voles suggest that the behaviors characteristics of monogamy, including social attachments and biparental care, may be modified by hormones during development and may be regulated by different mechanisms in males and females.

}, keywords = {Animals, Arvicolinae, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Male, Models, Psychological, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Animal}, issn = {0149-7634}, author = {Carter, C. S. and DeVries, A. C. and Getz, L. L.} } @inbook {5541, title = {Peptide pathways to peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {43-64}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {4}, abstract = {This chapter examines specific neuroendocrine pathways that may influence the positive social behaviors necessary for peace (where peace is defined as social safety within a society). This definition emphasizes the enabling power of social safety in promoting positive "states" associated with individuals interacting, socially connecting, and being mutually responsible for each other. Peptide pathways, including those reliant on oxytocin and vasopressin and their receptors, function as an integrated system mediating states of social safety. These endocrine and genetic pathways are at the center of a network that permitted the evolution of the human nervous system and allowed the expression of contemporary human sociality. Affiliation, pair bonds, and other forms of prosocial behaviors are not simply the absence of aggression. As reviewed here, we now understand that the prerequisites for peace, including prosocial behaviors and social safety, are built on active peptide systems. Knowledge of neurobiological mechanisms that form the foundations of social bonds and restorative behaviors offers a rational perspective for understanding, preventing, or intervening in the aftermath of adversity, and for enabling the emergence of peace in human societies. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.}, keywords = {attachment, bonding, neurobiological mechanisms, Oxytocin, peace, prosociality, vasopressin}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0004}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {C. S. Carter and S.W. Porges}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {7385, title = {Parents as Partners: A U.K. Trial of a U.S. Couples-Based Parenting Intervention For At-Risk Low-Income Families}, journal = {Family Process}, volume = {56}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-09-2017}, pages = {589 - 606}, keywords = {at risk families, co-parenting, low-income families, United Kingdom}, doi = {10.1111/famp.2017.56.issue-310.1111/famp.12289}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/famp.12289}, author = {Casey, Polly and Cowan, Philip A. and Cowan, Carolyn P. and Draper, Lucy and Mwamba, Naomi and Hewison, David} } @article {325, title = {Parent-child interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: efficacy for reducing future abuse reports.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {72}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Jun}, pages = {500-10}, abstract = {

A randomized trial was conducted to test the efficacy and sufficiency of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in preventing re-reports of physical abuse among abusive parents. Physically abusive parents (N=110) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) PCIT, (b) PCIT plus individualized enhanced services, or (c) a standard community-based parenting group. Participants had multiple past child welfare reports, severe parent-to-child violence, low household income, and significant levels of depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. At a median follow-up of 850 days, 19\% of parents assigned to PCIT had a re-report for physical abuse compared with 49\% of parents assigned to the standard community group. Additional enhanced services did not improve the efficacy of PCIT. The relative superiority of PCIT was mediated by greater reduction in negative parent-child interactions, consistent with the PCIT change model.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Psychotherapy}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.500}, author = {Chaffin, Mark and Silovsky, Jane F and Funderburk, Beverly and Valle, Linda Anne and Brestan, Elizabeth V and Balachova, Tatiana and Jackson, Shelli and Lensgraf, Jay and Bonner, Barbara L} } @book {509, title = {Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, organization = {Prentice Hall}, isbn = {9780130968210}, url = {http://u.osu.edu/christie/about/peace-conflict-and-violence-peace-psychology-for-the-21st-century/}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Wagner, R. V. and Du Nann Winter, D.} } @article {333, title = {Peace psychology for a peaceful world.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {63}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Sep}, pages = {540-52}, abstract = {

Although the literature in peace psychology has been growing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and achieved. This article reviews the long history and broadening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships between positive and negative peace, structural and direct violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for grappling with humanity\&$\#$39;s most pressing problems in the coming decades.

}, keywords = {Conflict (Psychology), Humans, Social Justice, Violence, War}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Tint, B. S. and Wagner, R. V. and Winter, D. D.} } @inbook {575, title = {Peace and Conflict Studies Versus Peace Science}, booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology}, number = {v. 1}, year = {2012}, pages = {767-771}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781405196444}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405196440.html}, author = {J. L. Clemens}, editor = {Christie, D.J.} } @article {662, title = {Promoting Mother{\textendash}Infant Book Sharing and Infant Attention and Language Development in an Impoverished South African Population: A Pilot Study}, journal = {Early Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/03/01}, pages = {143-152}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, keywords = {Book sharing, Early literacy, Infant attention, Language Development, Maternal sensitivity}, isbn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-013-0591-8}, author = {Cooper, P. J. and Vally, Z. and Cooper, H. and Radford, T. and Sharples, A. and Tomlinson, M. and Murray, L.} } @article {663, title = {Promoting Fathers{\textquoteright} Engagement With Children: Preventive Interventions for Low-Income Families}, journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family}, volume = {71}, number = {3}, year = {2009}, pages = {663-679}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, keywords = {experimental methods, Father-Child Relations, Hispanic American, marriage and close relationships, Parenting, prevention}, isbn = {1741-3737}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00625.x}, author = {Cowan, P. A. and Cowan, C. P. and Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Wong, J. J.} } @article {664, title = {Primarily Peaceful: Nurturing Peace in the Primary Grades}, journal = {Early Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {32}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {2005/04/01}, pages = {321-328}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers-Human Sciences Press}, keywords = {character education, children{\textquoteright}s literature, conflict resolution, peace studies, primary grades}, isbn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-004-1083-7}, author = {Crawford, PatriciaA} } @book {516, title = {Peer Mediation: Citizenship And Social Inclusion Revisited: Citizenship and Social Inclusion in Action}, year = {2007}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill Education}, organization = {McGraw-Hill Education}, isbn = {9780335221110}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=NRXG4ccAKXIC}, author = {Cremin, H.} } @article {2751, title = {Postinfancy growth, schooling, and cognitive achievement: Young Lives}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {98}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Crookston, Benjamin T
Schott, Whitney
Cueto, Santiago
Dearden, Kirk A
Engle, Patrice
Georgiadis, Andreas
Lundeen, Elizabeth A
Penny, Mary E
Stein, Aryeh D
Behrman, Jere R
eng
R01 HD070993/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
T32 DK007734/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Observational Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/09/27 06:00
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Dec;98(6):1555-63. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.067561. Epub 2013 Sep 25.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1555-63}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early life growth failure and resulting cognitive deficits are often assumed to be very difficult to reverse after infancy. OBJECTIVE: We used data from Young Lives, which is an observational cohort of 8062 children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, to determine whether changes in growth after infancy are associated with schooling and cognitive achievement at age 8 y. DESIGN: We represented the growth by height-for-age z score at 1 y [HAZ(1)] and height-for-age z score at 8 y that was not predicted by the HAZ(1). We also characterized growth as recovered (stunted at age 1 y and not at age 8 y), faltered (not stunted at age 1 y and stunted at age 8 y), persistently stunted (stunted at ages 1 and 8 y), or never stunted (not stunted at ages 1 and 8 y). Outcome measures were assessed at age 8 y. RESULTS: The HAZ(1) was inversely associated with overage for grade and positively associated with mathematics achievement, reading comprehension, and receptive vocabulary. Unpredicted growth from 1 to 8 y of age was also inversely associated with overage for grade (OR range across countries: 0.80-0.84) and positively associated with mathematics achievement (effect-size range: 0.05-0.10), reading comprehension (0.02-0.10), and receptive vocabulary (0.04-0.08). Children who recovered in linear growth had better outcomes than did children who were persistently stunted but were not generally different from children who experienced growth faltering. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in child growth after early faltering might have significant benefits on schooling and cognitive achievement. Hence, although early interventions remain critical, interventions to improve the nutrition of preprimary and early primary school-age children also merit consideration.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Cognition, *Learning, *Musculoskeletal Development, Cohort Studies, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Ethiopia, Family Characteristics, Female, Growth Disorders/etiology/*prevention \& control, Humans, India, Infant, Male, Malnutrition/*diet therapy/physiopathology, Peru, Reading, Vietnam, Vocabulary}, isbn = {1938-3207 (Electronic)
0002-9165 (Linking)}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.113.067561}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067665}, author = {Crookston, B. T. and Schott, W. and Cueto, S. and Dearden, K. A. and Engle, P. and Georgiadis, A. and Lundeen, E. A. and Penny, M. E. and Stein, A. D. and Behrman, J. R.} } @article {2761, title = {Political Violence and Child Adjustment: Longitudinal Tests of Sectarian Antisocial Behavior, Family Conflict and Insecurity as Explanatory Pathways}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {83}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {22313052[pmid]
Child Dev}, month = {02/07}, pages = {461-468}, abstract = {Understanding the impact of political violence on child maladjustment is a matter of international concern. Recent research has advanced a social ecological explanation for relations between political violence and child adjustment. However, conclusions are qualified by the lack of longitudinal tests. Towards examining pathways longitudinally, mothers and their adolescents (M = 12.33, SD =1.78, at time 1) from two-parent families in Catholic and Protestant working class neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed measures assessing multiple levels of a social ecological model. Utilizing autoregressive controls, a three-wave longitudinal model test (T1, n = 299; T2, n = 248; T3, n = 197) supported a specific pathway linking sectarian community violence, family conflict, children{\textquoteright}s insecurity about family relationships, and adjustment problems.}, isbn = {0009-3920
1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01720.x}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3307389/}, author = {Cummings, E. M. and Merrilees, C. E. and Schermerhorn, A. C. and Goeke-Morey, M. C. and Shirlow, P. and Cairns, E.} } @article {2781, title = {Psychiatric co-morbidity in caregivers and children involved in maltreatment: a pilot research study with policy implications}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {25}, number = {7}, year = {2001}, note = {De Bellis, M D
Broussard, E R
Herring, D J
Wexler, S
Moritz, G
Benitez, J G
eng
5 K08 MHO1324-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
England
2001/08/29 10:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2001 Jul;25(7):923-44.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {923-44}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the lifetime incidence of mental disorders in caregivers involved in maltreatment and in their maltreated child. METHODS: Lifetime DSM-III-R and IV psychiatric diagnoses were obtained for 53 maltreating families, including at least one primary caregiver and one proband maltreated child or adolescent subject (28 males, 25 females), and for a comparison group of 46 sociodemographically, similar nonmaltreating families, including one proband healthy child and adolescent subject (22 males, 22 females). RESULTS: Mothers of maltreated children exhibited a significantly greater lifetime incidence of anxiety disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders, alcohol and/or substance abuse or dependence disorder, suicide attempts, and comorbidity of two or more psychiatric disorders, compared to control mothers. Natural fathers or mothers{\textquoteright} live-in mates involved in maltreatment exhibited a significantly greater lifetime incidence of an alcohol and/or substance abuse or dependence disorder compared to controls. The majority of maltreated children and adolescents reported anxiety disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (from witnessing domestic violence and/or sexual abuse), mood disorders, suicidal ideation and attempts, and disruptive disorders. Most maltreated children (72\%) suffered from comorbidity involving both emotional and behavioral regulation disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Families involved in maltreatment manifest significant histories of psychiatric comorbidity. Policies which target identification and treatment of comorbidity may contribute to breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Family Health, Fathers/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/classification/complications/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Mothers/psychology, Parents/*psychology, Pennsylvania/epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, isbn = {0145-2134 (Print)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00247-2}, author = {De Bellis, M. D. and Broussard, E. R. and Herring, D. J. and Wexler, S. and Moritz, G. and Benitez, J. G.} } @article {2801, title = {PKCalpha is genetically linked to memory capacity in healthy subjects and to risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in genocide survivors}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S AProc Natl Acad Sci U S AProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {109}, number = {22}, year = {2012}, note = {1091-6490
de Quervain, Dominique J-F
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
Ackermann, Sandra
Aerni, Amanda
Boesiger, Peter
Demougin, Philippe
Elbert, Thomas
Ertl, Verena
Gschwind, Leo
Hadziselimovic, Nils
Hanser, Edveena
Heck, Angela
Hieber, Petra
Huynh, Kim-Dung
Klarhofer, Markus
Luechinger, Roger
Rasch, Bjorn
Scheffler, Klaus
Spalek, Klara
Stippich, Christoph
Vogler, Christian
Vukojevic, Vanja
Stetak, Attila
Papassotiropoulos, Andreas
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8746-51. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1200857109. Epub 2012 May 14.}, month = {May 29}, pages = {8746-51}, edition = {2012/05/16}, abstract = {Strong memory of a traumatic event is thought to contribute to the development and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, a genetic predisposition to build strong memories could lead to increased risk for PTSD after a traumatic event. Here we show that genetic variability of the gene encoding PKCalpha (PRKCA) was associated with memory capacity--including aversive memory--in nontraumatized subjects of European descent. This finding was replicated in an independent sample of nontraumatized subjects, who additionally underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI analysis revealed PRKCA genotype-dependent brain activation differences during successful encoding of aversive information. Further, the identified genetic variant was also related to traumatic memory and to the risk for PTSD in heavily traumatized survivors of the Rwandan genocide. Our results indicate a role for PKCalpha in memory and suggest a genetic link between memory and the risk for PTSD.}, keywords = {*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain/pathology/physiopathology, Female, Genotype, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory/*physiology, Mental Recall/physiology, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Protein Kinase C-alpha/*genetics, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Risk Factors, Rwanda/ethnology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/*physiopathology/psychology, Survivors/psychology, Uganda, Young Adult}, isbn = {0027-8424}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200857109}, author = {de Quervain, D. J. and Kolassa, I. T. and Ackermann, S. and Aerni, A. and Boesiger, P. and Demougin, P. and Elbert, T. and Ertl, V. and Gschwind, L. and Hadziselimovic, N. and Hanser, E. and Heck, A. and Hieber, P. and Huynh, K. D. and Klarhofer, M. and Luechinger, R. and Rasch, B. and Scheffler, K. and Spalek, K. and Stippich, C. and Vogler, C. and Vukojevic, V. and Stetak, A. and Papassotiropoulos, A.} } @article {2811, title = {Putting the altruism back into altruism: the evolution of empathy}, journal = {Annu Rev PsycholAnnual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of Psychology}, volume = {59}, year = {2008}, note = {de Waal, Frans B M
Journal Article
Review
United States
Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:279-300.}, pages = {279-300}, edition = {2007/06/07}, abstract = {Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be experienced by the organism. Motivational analyses should restrict themselves, therefore, to the altruistic impulse and its knowable consequences. Empathy is an ideal candidate mechanism to underlie so-called directed altruism, i.e., altruism in response to anothers{\textquoteright}s pain, need, or distress. Evidence is accumulating that this mechanism is phylogenetically ancient, probably as old as mammals and birds. Perception of the emotional state of another automatically activates shared representations causing a matching emotional state in the observer. With increasing cognition, state-matching evolved into more complex forms, including concern for the other and perspective-taking. Empathy-induced altruism derives its strength from the emotional stake it offers the self in the other{\textquoteright}s welfare. The dynamics of the empathy mechanism agree with predictions from kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Biological Evolution, *Empathy, Affect, Cooperative Behavior, Humans, Intention, Social Behavior}, isbn = {0066-4308 (Print)
0066-4308}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625}, url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625}, author = {de Waal, F. B.} } @article {666, title = {{\textquotedblleft}Parenting About Peace{\textquotedblright}: Exploring Taiwanese Parents{\textquoteright} and Children{\textquoteright}s Perceptions in a Shared Political and Sociocultural Context}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, pages = {115-128}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, keywords = {children, Parents, peace, peace education, perception}, isbn = {1741-3729}, doi = {10.2307/2505515}, author = {Deng, Liang-Yu F.} } @book {2641, title = {The Psychosocial Factors That Undermine Children{\textquoteright}s Academic Potentials: A Multi-Level Study of the Main Psychosocial Factors That Contribute to Palestinian Children{\textquoteright}s Academic Underachievement.}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Lambert Academic Publishing}, organization = {Lambert Academic Publishing}, address = {Berlin}, url = {https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-8443-8781-0/the-psychosocial-factors-that-undermine-children-s-academic-potentials}, author = {Diab, S. Y.} } @article {341, title = {Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {17}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jan}, pages = {89-96}, abstract = {

Using olfactory molecular specificity, we examined the inheritance of parental traumatic exposure, a phenomenon that has been frequently observed, but not understood. We subjected F0 mice to odor fear conditioning before conception and found that subsequently conceived F1 and F2 generations had an increased behavioral sensitivity to the F0-conditioned odor, but not to other odors. When an odor (acetophenone) that activates a known odorant receptor (Olfr151) was used to condition F0 mice, the behavioral sensitivity of the F1 and F2 generations to acetophenone was complemented by an enhanced neuroanatomical representation of the Olfr151 pathway. Bisulfite sequencing of sperm DNA from conditioned F0 males and F1 naive offspring revealed CpG hypomethylation in the Olfr151 gene. In addition, in vitro fertilization, F2 inheritance and cross-fostering revealed that these transgenerational effects are inherited via parental gametes. Our findings provide a framework for addressing how environmental information may be inherited transgenerationally at behavioral, neuroanatomical and epigenetic levels.

}, keywords = {1-Propanol, Acetophenones, Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Animals, beta-Galactosidase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Conditioning, Classical, Electroshock, Epigenomics, Fear, Female, Glycine, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Odors, Olfactory Pathways, Paternal Exposure, Pregnancy, Receptors, Odorant, Reflex, Startle, Sensory Receptor Cells, Smell, Spermatozoa}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3594}, author = {Dias, Brian G and Ressler, Kerry J} } @article {2861, title = {Peer contagion in child and adolescent social and emotional development}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {62}, year = {2011}, note = {Dishion, Thomas J
Tipsord, Jessica M
eng
DA018760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA07031/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA16110/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
MH20012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P30 DA018760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
P30 DA018760-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA007031/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA007031-20/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA016110/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA016110-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32 MH020012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH020012-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
2009/07/07 09:00
Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:189-214. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100412.}, pages = {189-214}, abstract = {In this article, we examine the construct of peer contagion in childhood and adolescence and review studies of child and adolescent development that have identified peer contagion influences. Evidence suggests that children{\textquoteright}s interactions with peers are tied to increases in aggression in early and middle childhood and amplification of problem behaviors such as drug use, delinquency, and violence in early to late adolescence. Deviancy training is one mechanism that accounts for peer contagion effects on problem behaviors from age 5 through adolescence. In addition, we discuss peer contagion relevant to depression in adolescence, and corumination as an interactive process that may account for these effects. Social network analyses suggest that peer contagion underlies the influence of friendship on obesity, unhealthy body images, and expectations. Literature is reviewed that suggests how peer contagion effects can undermine the goals of public education from elementary school through college and impair the goals of juvenile corrections systems. In particular, programs that "select" adolescents at risk for aggregated preventive interventions are particularly vulnerable to peer contagion effects. It appears that a history of peer rejection is a vulnerability factor for influence by peers, and adult monitoring, supervision, positive parenting, structure, and self-regulation serve as protective factors.}, keywords = {*Emotions, *Interpersonal Relations, *Peer Group, *Social Behavior, *Social Environment, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Aggression, Child, Child Development, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Violence}, isbn = {1545-2085 (Electronic)
0066-4308 (Linking)}, author = {Dishion, T. J. and Tipsord, J. M.} } @article {2886, title = {Patho-genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {Psychiatr DanubPsychiatr DanubPsychiatr Danub}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Domschke, Katharina
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Croatia
Psychiatr Danub. 2012 Sep;24(3):267-73.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {267-73}, edition = {2012/09/28}, abstract = {Clinical genetic studies propose a moderate genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of PTSD with a heritability of about 30-35\%. The present brief review will give an overview of molecular genetic research in PTSD yielding support for specific vulnerability genes. Additionally, evidence for gene-environment (GxE) interactions between susceptibility genes of PTSD and traumatic experiences will be reported. Recent studies suggest a pivotal role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation in mediating the impact of trauma in the pathogenesis of PTSD. Future approaches to further unravel the genetic underpinnings of PTSD might comprise genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the investigation of the genetic influence on intermediate phenotypes of PTSD (e.g., imaging genetics) as well as pharmaco- and psychotherapy-genetic studies. Genetic research in PTSD will be discussed with respect to its potential benefit regarding innovative and individually tailored therapeutic approaches in PTSD.}, keywords = {DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Pharmacogenetics, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/therapy}, isbn = {0353-5053 (Print)
0353-5053}, author = {Domschke, K.} } @article {6176, title = {Paid parental leave and family-friendly policies. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {breastfeeding, early childhood development, family-friendly policies, immunization, infant development, job protection, parental leave, preventative care}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Parental-Leave-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Earle, A. and Heymann, J. and UNICEF} } @inbook {2706, title = {Prosocial Development}, booktitle = {Handbook of Child Psychology}, year = {2007}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, keywords = {Altruism, children, Empathy, helping, prosocial behavior, sharing, sympathy}, isbn = {9780470147658}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0311}, author = {Eisenberg, N. and Fabes, R. A. and Spinrad, T. L.} } @article {704, title = {Psychosocial aspects of care and nutrition}, volume = {16}, year = {1995}, pages = {356-77}, url = {http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/food/8F164e/8F164E0c.htm}, author = {P. L. Engle and H. N. Ricciuti} } @article {5883, title = {A Prospective Cohort Study of Influences on Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: Results From a Nurse Home Visiting Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Enoch, Mary-Anne
Kitzman, Harriet
Smith, Joyce A
Anson, Elizabeth
Hodgkinson, Colin A
Goldman, David
Olds, David L
K05 MH001382/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD043492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH068790/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
ZIA AA000306-10/NULL/International
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 May;55(5):376-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007. Epub 2016 Mar 2.}, month = {May}, pages = {376-82}, edition = {2016/04/30}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigated genetic and environmental influences on behavior in a cohort of 600 children followed prenatally to 18 years. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial of prenatal/infancy nurse home visits (NHV) was conducted in 600 predominantly African American mothers and their firstborn children from Memphis, TN. Mothers were assessed in pregnancy for mental health (MH), self-efficacy, and mastery. Mothers reported longitudinally on smoking and alcohol/drug use. The functional polymorphisms SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, FKBP5 rs1360780 and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 were genotyped together with 186 ancestry informative markers. Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores from the mother-report Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were included as dependent variables in regression analyses for time points 2, 6, 12, and 18 years. RESULTS: Behaviors at younger ages strongly predicted later behaviors (p < .0001). Children whose mothers had high self-efficacy and had received NHV were better behaved at age 2 years. Poorer maternal MH adversely influenced ED up to 12 years, but at age 18 years, maternal mastery exerted a strong, positive effect (p = .0001). Maternal smoking was associated with worse ED at 6 and 18 years. Main and interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms varied across childhood: FKBP5 rs1360780 up to age 6, 5-HTTLPR from 6 to 12, and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 from 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that maternal MH and resilience measured in pregnancy have long-lasting effects on child behavior. Maternal smoking across childhood and genetic factors also play a role. NHV had a positive effect on early behavior. Our findings have implications for prevention of pathological behaviors in adulthood. Clinical trial registration information-Age-17 Follow-Up of Home Visiting Intervention; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00708695.}, keywords = {*5-httlpr, *Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, *drd2/ankk1, *fkbp5, *nurse home visiting, *Self Efficacy, Adolescent, African Americans/*statistics \& numerical data, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, Mothers/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Tennessee/epidemiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007}, author = {Enoch, M. A. and Kitzman, H. and Smith, J. A. and Anson, E. and Hodgkinson, C. A. and Goldman, D. and Olds, D. L.} } @article {180, title = {Parent-child and triadic antecedents of children{\textquoteright}s social competence: cultural specificity, shared process.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {46}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {455-67}, abstract = {

Guided by theories of cultural participation, the authors examined mother-child, father-child, and triadic interactive behaviors in 141 Israeli and Palestinian couples and their firstborn child at 5 and 33 months as antecedents of children\&$\#$39;s social competence. Four parent-child measures (parent sensitivity, child social engagement, parental control, dyadic reciprocity) and two family-level measures (cohesion and rigidity) were coded at each age. Children\&$\#$39;s social competence was observed at child-care locations. Cultural differences were observed for parent sensitivity and child social engagement, and the large cultural differences in sensitivity observed in infancy were attenuated by the toddler age. Interactive behaviors correlated with culture-specific parenting practices, child-rearing goals, and sex-role attitudes. Mother-child reciprocity in infancy and child engagement with father and family-level cohesion at both time points predicted social competence. Maternal sensitivity in infancy facilitated social competence only among Israeli children. Paternal control in toddlerhood interfered with Israeli children\&$\#$39;s social functioning but contributed to competence among Palestinians. Results underscore the links between early relational experiences and children\&$\#$39;s adaptation to the social milieu.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Attention, Attitude, Child Care, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Family, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Competency, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Social Behavior}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0017415}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Masalha, Shafiq} } @article {349, title = {Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children{\textquoteright}s oxytocin response and social reciprocity.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {38}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jun}, pages = {1154-62}, abstract = {

Oxytocin (OT) has an important role in bond formation and social reciprocity, and animal studies indicate that OT functioning is transferred from parent to child through patterns of parental care. Perspectives on attachment suggest that the individual\&$\#$39;s various attachment bonds are underpinned by the oxytocinergic system. However, prospective human studies that demonstrate the cross-generation transfer of OT as mediated by early caregiving and its impact on children\&$\#$39;s multiple attachments are lacking. To address these concerns, the current study included 160 mothers and fathers and their firstborn child who participated in a 3-year longitudinal study. At the first and sixth postpartum months, parents\&$\#$39; plasma OT was assayed, parent-infant interactions were videotaped and micro-coded, and allelic variations on the OXTR(rs2254298, rs1042778) and CD38rs3796863 genes were measured. At 3 years, parents\&$\#$39; and child\&$\#$39;s salivary OT was assessed and children\&$\#$39;s social reciprocity observed during interactions with mother, father, and their first best friend. Parents\&$\#$39; OT levels were individually stable across the 3-year period, correlated with low-risk OXTR and CD38 alleles, and predicted child OT. Child\&$\#$39;s social reciprocity with friend was associated with child OT levels, mother\&$\#$39;s OT-related genes and hormones, and mother-child reciprocity, but not with father\&$\#$39;s genes, hormones, or behavior. A cross-generation gene-by-environment effect emerged, with low child OT levels predicted by the interaction of maternal high-risk CD38 allele and diminished maternal care in infancy. These results demonstrate individual stability in peripheral OT across several years and describe a cross-generation transfer of OT through caregiving in humans within a prospective longitudinal design. Consistent with other mammals, biobehavioral experiences within the parent-infant bond shape children\&$\#$39;s affiliative biology and social behavior across multiple attachments. Our findings bear important implications for conditions involving disruptions to maternal-infant bonding and underscore the potential for peer-based interventions.

}, keywords = {Adult, Alleles, Antigens, CD38, Child, Preschool, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Receptors, Oxytocin, Saliva}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2013.22}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Influs, Moran and Gutbir, Tamar and Ebstein, Richard P} } @book {521, title = {Paving the Way: Contributions of Interactive Conflict Resolution to Peacemaking}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Lexington Books}, organization = {Lexington Books}, isbn = {9780739112274}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=BxJLBIbosnMC}, author = {Fisher, R.J.} } @article {7210, title = {Prenatal attachment: using measurement invariance to test the validity of comparisons across eight culturally diverse countriesAbstract}, journal = {Archives of Women{\textquoteright}s Mental Health}, year = {2021}, month = {Sep-02-2021}, keywords = {Cross-cultural, Lower-middle income, Maternal-fetal attachment, Measurement invariance, Parity, Pregnancy}, issn = {1434-1816}, doi = {10.1007/s00737-021-01105-8}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00737-021-01105-8}, author = {Foley, Sarah and Hughes, Claire and Murray, Aja Louise and Baban, Adriana and Fernando, Asvini D. and Madrid, Bernadette and Osafo, Joseph and Sikander, Siham and Abbasi, Fahad and Walker, Susan and Luong-Thanh, Bao-Yen and Vo, Thang Van and Tomlinson, Mark and Fearon, Pasco and Ward, Catherine L. and Valdebenito, Sara and Eisner, Manuel} } @inbook {5662, title = {The problem of institutionalization of young children and its consequences for efforts to build peaceful societies}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {145 - 160}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {9}, abstract = {Institutionalization of children is a worldwide problem. The consequences of these deprived early experiences have been known for some time. Indeed, neuroscientists have long been aware of the effects of early adverse experience, particularly profound deprivation, on the developing brain. However, the majority of work to date has focused on examining the effects of experience on brain and brain development in rodents and nonhuman primates. In a rigorous attempt to examine how profound early neglect impacts the course of human development, we designed the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project is the first randomized controlled trial of family care intervention on young children institutionalized in infancy. The study is unique in that it includes measures of brain structure and function. Results suggest that early psychosocial deprivation has profound effects on gray matter structure that do not appear to remediate, although subtle intervention effects were observed for white matter volume. EEG activity was significantly affected by early psychosocial deprivation, but there appeared to be remediation of this functioning by the time children were eight years old and had spent close to six or seven years in families. The data from this project argue for changes in the manner in which societies address abandoned children. An important step toward building just and peaceful societies is to provide family-type care for young children instead of institutional life, as being raised in a family1 greatly (p.146) enhances a child{\textquoteright}s skills in emotion regulation. The link to peaceful societies is through these processes.}, keywords = {brain development, early childhood interventions, Institutionalization, regulation of emotions}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0009}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Fox, Nathan A. and Nelson, Charles A. and Zeanah, Charles H.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @book {5965, title = {Parenting Matters}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, isbn = {978-0-309-38854-2}, doi = {10.17226/21868}, url = {https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21868}, editor = {Gadsden, Vivian L. and Ford, Morgan and Breiner, Heather} } @book {522, title = {Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization}, year = {1996}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, organization = {SAGE Publications}, isbn = {9780803975118}, url = {https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/peace-by-peaceful-means/book202692}, author = {Galtung, J. and International Peace Research Institute} } @article {3161, title = {Protecting Education Personnel from Targeted Attack in Conflict-Affected Countries}, year = {2014}, url = {http://protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/protecting_education_personnel.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {187, title = {Prolactin, Oxytocin, and the development of paternal behavior across the first six months of fatherhood.}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {513-8}, abstract = {

Animal studies have implicated the neuropeptides Prolactin (PRL) and Oxytocin (OT) in processes of maternal bonding and PRL has similarly been shown to play a role in the neurophysiology of fatherhood. Yet, very little is known on the involvement of PRL and OT in human fathering. Forty-three fathers and their firstborn infant were seen twice: in the second and sixth postpartum months. Paternal plasma PRL and OT were sampled at both time-points and analyzed with ELISA methods. At six months fathers were videotaped interacting with their child in social and exploratory play contexts and interactions were micro-analyzed for father-infant Affect Synchrony and father facilitation of child toy exploration. PRL and OT showed high individual stability across time and were correlated at the second observation. PRL was related to father-infant Coordinated Exploratory Play in the toy context whereas OT was associated with father-infant Affect Synchrony in the social context. Results point to the role of PRL and OT in the development of human fathering and underscore their differential relations with patterns of paternal care.

}, keywords = {Adult, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Oxytocin, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Prolactin, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-6867}, doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.04.007}, author = {Gordon, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {7585, title = {Policy Briefing Note: Taking Action on the Safety, Well-being, and Development of Children in Conflict/Post Conflict Countries}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

Executive Summary

Humanitarian crises including the war in Ukraine and the ongoing crisis in Syria, among others\—pose a substantial threat to children\’s health, safety, and development. In addition to the physical threats and psychological traumas posed by war and mass displacement, children in such crises suffer severe deprivation, including lack of adequate nutrition, medicine, education, and clean drinking water. Exposure to such and resulting toxic stress leads to significant harm for children\’s short- and long-term health and well-being.

Early child development (ECD) interventions are critical to addressing these threats globally. Growing evidence suggests appropriate ECD programming, supported by psychological first aid and psychosocial support, can mitigate harms to young children and families living in contexts of war, displacement, and other humanitarian crises. Yet, it is disturbing that neither integrated ECD interventions, nor early care and learning for children more generally, have been prioritized by governments and agencies in emergency contexts.\ \ 

Governments, donors, organizations, and other international actors must act now to uphold international commitments to prioritize the rights of children and ensure adequate funding and support for all children in crisis. The ECD research and practitioner community must also act with urgency to strengthen the case for ECD interventions in emergencies, including employing more effective communications and addressing research gaps. Frontline workers, including families, should be empowered with the knowledge and tools to support the holistic development of children, especially in situations of conflict and crisis.

We urge governments, donors, organizations, and other international actors to prioritize integrated ECD interventions inclusive of early learning and early care in emergencies.\ 

READ the full policy briefing note.

}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, Governance and policymaking, humanitarian response, peacebuilding, programs and interventions, Social cohesion, toxic stress}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ECPC-UNGA_Briefing-Note-2-Taking-Action_24Sept2023.pdf}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Policy \& Advocacy Working Group} } @article {7584, title = {Policy Briefing Note: Early Childhood Development and Its Promise for Peace}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

The Challenge

Inequality is on the rise globally. International conflict is also increasing. Conflicts impact people of all ages but children are particularly vulnerable to violence and neglect. That impact is magnified by the increased stress children and parents experience when adapting to the realities of war and displacement that substantially disrupt their daily lives. Exposure to these adversities at an early age can cause children to experience \“toxic stress\”, which is associated with a broad range of negative life outcomes, including major emotional and behavioral problems. Hundreds of millions of children are now at great risk of not reaching their full developmental potential and perpetuating cycles of violence and marginalization, affecting not just this generation but those to come.

How ECD can make a difference\ 

In such periods of disparity and unrest, it is vital to invest in solutions that will disrupt cycles of violence, build strong foundations for sustainable development and social cohesion, and promote a \“culture of peace\”.\ 

READ the full policy briefing note.\ 

}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, economic investment, partnerships, peacebuilding, programs and interventions, research science, Social cohesion, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ECPC-UNGA-Briefing\%20Note-1_Promise-for-Peace_24Sept2023.pdf}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Policy \& Advocacy Working Group} } @article {364, title = {Poverty, social support, and parental behavior.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {394-403}, abstract = {

The associations among poverty, measures of social support, and parents\&$\#$39; reports of punitive and unsupportive behaviors were examined using the National Survey of Families and Households. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between perceived social support and household income: perceived social support was negatively associated with parents\&$\#$39; reports of punitive behavior, but mainly when income was low. The amount of help received from others was negatively associated with parents\&$\#$39; reports of unsupportive behavior. The study suggests that some forms of social support lower levels of problematic behavior among all parents, whereas other forms of social support are particularly beneficial to parents living in poverty.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Parenting, Poverty, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Social Support, Socialization}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Hashima, P Y and Amato, P R} } @article {6100, title = {The Perry Preschoolers at late midlife: A study in design-specific inference}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper presents the first analysis of the life course outcomes through late midlife (around age 55) for the participants of the iconic Perry Preschool Project, an experimental high-quality preschool program for disadvantaged African-American children in the 1960s. We discuss the design of the experiment, compromises in and adjustments to the randomization protocol, and the extent of knowledge about departures from the initial random assignment. We account for these factors in developing conservative small-sample hypothesis tests that use approximate worst-case (least favorable) randomization null distributions. We examine how our new methods compare with standard inferential methods, which ignore essential features of the experimental setup. Widely used procedures produce misleading inferences about treatment effects. Our design- specific inferential approach can be applied to analyze a variety of compromised social and economic experiments, including those using re-randomization designs. Despite the conservative nature of our statistical tests, we find long-term treatment effects on crime, employment, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, and other outcomes of the Perry participants. Treatment effects are especially strong for males. Improvements in childhood home environments and parental attachment appear to be an important source of the long-term benefits of the program.}, keywords = {preschool, The Perry Preschool Project}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w25888.pdf}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Karapakula, G.} } @article {611, title = {The pathways to prevention project: The first five years, 1999-2004. Sydney, Australia: Mission Australia and the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice \& Governance}, year = {2006}, institution = {Griffith University}, url = {https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/13382/pathways-final.pdf}, author = {R. Hommel and K. Freiberg and C. Lamb and M. Leech and A. Carr and A. Hampshire} } @article {7223, title = {Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {PLOS Medicine}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {Oct-05-2021}, pages = {e1003602}, keywords = {early childhood development, parenting interventions}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602}, author = {Jeong, Joshua and Franchett, Emily E. and Ramos de Oliveira, Clariana V. and Rehmani, Karima and Yousafzai, Aisha K.}, editor = {Persson, Lars {\r A}ke} } @article {190, title = {Parent-child relationships of boys in different offending trajectories: a developmental perspective.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {53}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Dec}, pages = {1222-32}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: This study tested the theoretical assumption that transformations of parent-child relationships in late childhood and adolescence would differ for boys following different offending trajectories.

METHODS: Using longitudinal multiinformant data of 503 boys (ages 7-19), we conducted Growth Mixture Modeling to extract offending trajectories. Developmental changes in child reports of parent-child joint activities and relationship quality were examined using Latent Growth Curves.

RESULTS: Five offending trajectories were found: non-offenders, moderate childhood offenders, adolescent-limited offenders, serious childhood offenders, and serious persistent offenders. Non-offenders reported high and stable levels of relationship quality between age 10 and 16. Adolescent-limited offenders reported a similarly high relationship quality as non-offenders at ages 7 and 10, but a lower and decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Compared with non-offenders, serious persistent offenders reported poorer parent-child relationship quality at all ages, and a decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Serious persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders reported similar levels and changes in parent-child relationship quality in adolescence. Although serious persistent offenders reported fewer joint activities at age 10 and 13 than non-offenders, a similar linear decrease in joint activities in early to middle adolescence was found for boys in each trajectory.

CONCLUSION: Developmental changes in parent-child relationship quality differ for different types of offenders. This finding has scientific and practical implications.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development, Criminals, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Pennsylvania, Risk Factors, Urban Population, Young Adult}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02585.x}, author = {Keijsers, Loes and Loeber, Rolf and Branje, Susan and Meeus, Wim} } @article {672, title = {The Problem-Solving Workshop: A Social-Psychological Contribution to the Resolution of International Conflicts}, journal = {Journal of Peace Research}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, year = {1976}, pages = {79-90}, publisher = {Sage Publications, Ltd.}, abstract = {

Problem-solving workshops represent a social-psychological approach to conflict resulution, in which members of conflicting national groups engage in unofficial, direct communication under the guidance of social scientists. Setting, agenda, ground rules, procedures, and interventions are designed to promote an analytical orientation. After describing a hypothetical workshop, the paper focuses on the theoretical assumptions of the approach, the change strategies it employs, and its relationship to political processes. Among issues considered are the potentially conflicting requirements for producing changes and for transferring such changes to the policy process; the criteria for selecting participants; the advantages of focusing on specific functional problems; the use of academic auspices and norms in creating a novel context to counteract conflict norms; the role of third party interventions in the form of theoretical inputs, content observations, and process observations; and the possible contributions of workshop products to pre-negotiation, negotiation, and post-negotiation processes.

}, isbn = {00223433}, doi = {10.2307/423340}, author = {Kelman, H. C. and Cohen, S. P.} } @article {5905, title = {Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies}, journal = {Psychol Med}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {1469-8978
Khandaker, G M
Zimbron, J
Lewis, G
Jones, P B
G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
095844/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
095844/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
088869/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
094790/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Systematic Review
England
Psychol Med. 2013 Feb;43(2):239-57. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000736. Epub 2012 Apr 16.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {239-57}, edition = {2012/06/22}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Disruption of foetal development by prenatal maternal infection is consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Whether specific prenatal infections are involved, their timing and the mechanisms of any effect are all unknown. We addressed these questions through a systematic review of population-based studies. METHOD: Electronic and manual searches and rigorous quality assessment yielded 21 studies that included an objective assessment of individual-level prenatal maternal infection and standardized psychotic diagnoses in adult offspring. Methodological differences between studies necessitated a descriptive review. RESULTS: Results for prenatal maternal non-specific bacterial, respiratory or genital and reproductive infection differed between studies, which reported up to a two- to fivefold increased risk of schizophrenia. Evidence for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Toxoplasma gondii was mixed; some studies reported up to a doubling of schizophrenia risk. Prenatal HSV-1 or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were not associated with increased risk. Exposure to influenza or other infections during early pregnancy may be more harmful than later exposure. Increased proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy were also associated with risk. Prenatal infection was associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to a range of infections and inflammatory responses may be associated with risk of adult schizophrenia. Larger samples, mediation and animal models should be used to investigate whether there is a {\textquoteright}sensitive period{\textquoteright} during development, and the effects of prenatal infections on neurodevelopment. Inclusion of genetic and immunological information should help to elucidate to what extent genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia may be explained by vulnerability to infection.}, keywords = {*Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Adult, Animals, Autoimmunity, Brain/*abnormalities/physiopathology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Cytokines/metabolism, Databases, Bibliographic, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/immunology, Pregnancy Trimesters, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia/*epidemiology/etiology/immunology}, isbn = {0033-2917}, doi = {10.1017/s0033291712000736}, author = {Khandaker, G. M. and Zimbron, J. and Lewis, G. and Jones, P. B.} } @article {192, title = {Perceived quality of maternal care in childhood and structure and function of mothers{\textquoteright} brain.}, journal = {Dev Sci}, volume = {13}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul}, pages = {662-73}, abstract = {

Animal studies indicate that early maternal care has long-term effects on brain areas related to social attachment and parenting, whereas neglectful mothering is linked with heightened stress reactivity in the hippocampus across the lifespan. The present study explores the possibility, using magnetic resonance imaging, that perceived quality of maternal care in childhood is associated with brain structure and functional responses to salient infant stimuli among human mothers in the first postpartum month. Mothers who reported higher maternal care in childhood showed larger grey matter volumes in the superior and middle frontal gyri, orbital gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. In response to infant cries, these mothers exhibited higher activations in the middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, whereas mothers reporting lower maternal care showed increased hippocampal activations. These findings suggest that maternal care in childhood may be associated with anatomy and functions in brain regions implicated in appropriate responsivity to infant stimuli in human mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Crying, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-7687}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00923.x}, author = {Kim, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L.C. and Newman, M. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4066, title = {A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Perceived Infant Outcomes at 18-24 Months: Neural and Psychological Correlates of Parental Thoughts and Actions Assessed during the First Month Postpartum.}, journal = {Front Psychol}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {1772}, abstract = {

The first postpartum months constitute a critical period for parents to establish an emotional bond with their infants. Neural responses to infant-related stimuli have been associated with parental sensitivity. However, the associations among these neural responses, parenting, and later infant outcomes for mothers and fathers are unknown. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated the relationships between parental thoughts/actions and neural activation in mothers and fathers in the neonatal period with infant outcomes at the toddler stage. At the first month postpartum, mothers (n = 21) and fathers (n = 19) underwent a neuroimaging session during which they listened to their own and unfamiliar baby{\textquoteright}s cry. Parenting-related thoughts/behaviors were assessed by interview twice at the first month and 3-4 months postpartum and infants{\textquoteright} socioemotional outcomes were reported by mothers and fathers at 18-24 months postpartum. In mothers, higher levels of anxious thoughts/actions about parenting at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with infant{\textquoteright}s low socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Anxious thoughts/actions were also associated with heightened responses in the motor cortex and reduced responses in the substantia nigra to own infant cry sounds. On the other hand, in fathers, higher levels of positive perception of being a parent at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with higher infant socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Positive thoughts were associated with heightened responses in the auditory cortex and caudate to own infant cry sounds. The current study provides evidence that parental thoughts are related to concurrent neural responses to their infants at the first month postpartum as well as their infant{\textquoteright}s future socioemotional outcome at 18-24 months. Parent differences suggest that anxious thoughts in mothers and positive thoughts in fathers may be the targets for parenting-focused interventions very early postpartum.

}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01772}, author = {Kim, P. and Rigo, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C. and Cole, P. M. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4571, title = {The plasticity of human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period}, journal = {Behav Neurosci}, volume = {124}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {Kim, Pilyoung
Leckman, James F
Mayes, Linda C
Feldman, Ruth
Wang, Xin
Swain, James E
eng
K05MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
RC2 MD004767/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5K05DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K05 DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32 MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05 MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2010/10/14 06:00
Behav Neurosci. 2010 Oct;124(5):695-700. doi: 10.1037/a0020884.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {695-700}, abstract = {Animal studies suggest that structural changes occur in the maternal brain during the early postpartum period in regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, parietal lobe, and prefrontal cortex and such changes are related to the expression of maternal behaviors. In an attempt to explore this in humans, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study to examine gray matter changes using voxel-based morphometry on high resolution magnetic resonance images of mothers{\textquoteright} brains at two time points: 2-4 weeks postpartum and 3-4 months postpartum. Comparing gray matter volumes across these two time points, we found increases in gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobes, and midbrain areas. Increased gray matter volume in the midbrain including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and amygdala was associated with maternal positive perception of her baby. These results suggest that the first months of motherhood in humans are accompanied by structural changes in brain regions implicated in maternal motivation and behaviors.}, keywords = {Adult, Brain/*anatomy \& histology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated, Neuronal Plasticity, Postpartum Period/*psychology}, isbn = {1939-0084 (Electronic)
0735-7044 (Linking)}, author = {Kim, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C. and Feldman, R. and Wang, X. and Swain, J. E.} } @book {534, title = {The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages}, year = {1984}, publisher = {Harper \& Row}, organization = {Harper \& Row}, isbn = {9780060647612}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=LOtGAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Kohlberg, L.} } @article {5742, title = {Psychology, Health \& Medicine: Know violence in childhood global learning initiative}, year = {2017}, keywords = {Bullying, Child maltreatment, Parenting, school violence, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cphm20/22/sup1?nav=tocList}, author = {Shiva Kuman, A. K. and Sherr, L. and Stern. V. and Subrahmanian, R.} } @article {6441, title = {A Pilot Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting in Refugees from Syria in Lebanon and Jordan}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, month = {Jul-04-2020}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00257}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00257/full}, author = {Lakkis, Najla A. and Osman, Mona H. and Aoude, Lara C. and Maalouf, Cosette J. and Issa, Hanane G. and Issa, Ghassan M.} } @article {6367, title = {Pathways to wellbeing and a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children and families}, journal = {Japanese Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, volume = {60}, year = {2019}, chapter = {278}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, adverse childhood experiences, early childhood development, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, nurturing care, peace, toxic stress, violence against children}, url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscap/60/3/60_278/_article/-char/en}, author = {Leckman, J.F. and Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Ponguta, L. A.} } @book {216, title = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {480}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge MA US / London UK}, abstract = {

Can more peaceful childhoods promote a culture of peace? Increasing evidence from a broad range of disciplines shows that how we raise our children affects the propensity for conflict and the potential for peace within a given community. In this book, experts from a range of disciplines examine the biological and social underpinnings of child development and the importance of strengthening families to build harmonious and equitable relations across generations. They explore the relevance to the pursuit of peace in the world, highlight directions for future research, and propose novel approaches to translate knowledge into concrete action.

The contributors describe findings from research in biology, neuroscience, evolution, genetics, and psychology. They report empirical evidence on children living in violent conditions, resilience in youth, and successful interventions. Their contributions show that the creation of sustainable partnerships with government agencies, community leaders, policy makers, funders, and service providers is a key ingredient for success. Taken together, they suggest possible novel approaches to translate knowledge into concrete action.

}, keywords = {Child Development, conflict, families, intervention, peace, violent conditions}, isbn = {9780262027984}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.001.0001}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {4516, title = {Primary parental preoccupation: circuits, genes, and the crucial role of the environment}, journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, year = {2004}, note = {Leckman, J F
Feldman, R
Swain, J E
Eicher, V
Thompson, N
Mayes, L C
eng
DA00222/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA06025/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
HD03008/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
MH30929/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
MH49351/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
RR06022/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
Austria
2004/06/19 05:00
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Jul;111(7):753-71. doi: 10.1007/s00702-003-0067-x. Epub 2004 Feb 4.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {753-71}, abstract = {Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may reflect both an individual{\textquoteright}s genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for as a child. This review first examines the mental and behavioral elements of early parental caregiving in humans. Second, we consider what is known about the neurobiological substrates of maternal behaviors in mammalian species including some limited human data. Third, we briefly review the evidence that specific genes encode proteins that are crucial for the development of the neural substrates that underlie specific features of maternal behavior. Fourth, we review the emerging literature on the "programming" role of the intrauterine environment and postnatal caregiving environment in shaping subsequent maternal behavior. We conclude that there are critical developmental windows during which the genetically determined microcircuitry of key limbic-hypothalamic-midbrain structures are susceptible to early environmental influences and that these influences powerfully shape an individual{\textquoteright}s responsivity to psychosocial stressors and their resiliency or vulnerability to various forms of human psychopathology later in life.}, keywords = {*Environment, *Parent-Child Relations, Human Development/physiology, Humans, Maternal Behavior/*physiology, Nerve Net/*physiology}, isbn = {0300-9564 (Print)
0300-9564 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E. and Eicher, V. and Thompson, N. and Mayes, L. C.} } @inbook {471, title = {Peace is a lifelong process: The importance of partnerships}, booktitle = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {3-17}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {This chapter examines potential pathways to peace based on the biological and social underpinnings of child development. It assesses child development in the context of familial and group relations and examines its potential role in building pathways to peace. Early childhood education and family support programs can result in huge, long-term benefits. Investment in early childhood holds potential for economic and human returns and can boost adult physical health as well as enhance social capital and gender equity. The global peacebuilding agenda aims to recognize the transformative power of early development as a means to promote prosociality, diminish selfish assertiveness, and reduce/prevent violence. A platform to advocate for change needs to be created to strengthen established and emerging networks around children and peace. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.}, keywords = {Child Development, early childhood interventions, family interventions, peacebuilding, Violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0001}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @book {539, title = {Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Syracuse University Press}, organization = {Syracuse University Press}, isbn = {9780815627258}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=G_6NcdYs1ZoC}, author = {Lederach, J.P.} } @article {5980, title = {Peace Monuments \& Peacemakers Around the World}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This is the world\&$\#$39;s largest collection of peace monument information. We have identified about 4,000 peace monuments and museums on all continents and in most nations of the world.

See book, \"Monumental Beauty\" that features 416 peace monuments \& museums in 70 nations - as well as a 12-page \"History of Peace.\"

}, keywords = {peace monuments, peacemaking}, url = {http://peace.maripo.com/}, author = {Lollis, E.W.} } @book {541, title = {The Psychology of Peace: An Introduction, 2nd Edition: An Introduction}, year = {2011}, publisher = {ABC-CLIO}, organization = {ABC-CLIO}, isbn = {9780313397240}, url = {http://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A3546C}, author = {MacNair, R.M.} } @inbook {5667, title = {Promoting the capacity for peace in early childhood: Perspectives from research on resilience in children and families}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {251 - 272}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {14}, abstract = {Lessons gleaned from five decades of research on resilience in children and youth exposed to trauma and adversity of many kinds, including war and family violence, may have important conceptual and practical implications for efforts to understand and promote pathways of peace in human adaptation and development. This chapter highlights concepts, approaches, findings, and controversies from studies of resilience that may prove informative for understanding and promoting pathways to peace in early childhood. These include a relational developmental systems perspective on peace; an emphasis on positive goals, processes, and pathways; issues in defining how well human systems at multiple levels are doing; delineation of adaptive systems that promote and protect peaceful function in interacting human systems; consideration of developmental timing and cascading influences among individual children and their nurturing environments; and the importance of intervention evidence for advancing a translational science agenda for peace. Resilience science also suggests that delineating processes of peace and peacebuilding in childhood requires attention to processes by which interacting systems shape the development and experiences of childhood pertinent to peace, particularly in the nurturing environments of childrearing and early education. Resilience frameworks suggest three basic approaches to promoting capacity for peace in the lives of children: mitigating risk or preventing exposure to experiences that undermine capacity for peace; boosting resources and opportunities that nurture the capacity for peace; and mobilizing powerful adaptive systems that support and protect human capabilities for peace in hazardous circumstances. Theoretically, these strategies should contribute to building capacity among children for peace, as a foundation for learning peaceful means of social interactions, managing conflict, and responding to stress or trauma. Additionally, resilience frameworks emphasize the importance of strategic timing and targeting to interrupt negative and facilitate positive cascades in (p.252) development and boost the return on investments in children. Findings from research on early onset pathways toward and away from violence are discussed, including preventive interventions that promote prosocial development while also reducing antisocial outcomes, including violence. Key questions are raised for consideration by those aiming to promote peace through early childhood policies and practices. The first set of questions stems from the principle that {\textquotedblleft}competence begets competence{\textquotedblright} in human development, asking whether building success in the developmental tasks of early childhood might also promote potential peace-related goals, attitudes, skills and processes in children and their ecologies, which could in turn contribute to peace at the level of families, communities, or societies. The second set considers whether reducing structural violence (i.e., inequalities in income, healthcare, education, and opportunities in early childhood) might promote peace along with better health and well-being at the level of individuals and societies. A third set raises provocative issues related to possibilities that capacities and skills intended to promote peace could also be applied to promote conflict and war and questions about whether violence can be adaptive or peace-promoting under some circumstances.}, keywords = {adaptive systems, Early childhood education, resilience, Risk}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0014}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Masten, A. S.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {4531, title = {Parental representations and subclinical changes in postpartum mood}, journal = {J Infant Ment Health }, volume = {28}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, note = {Mayes, Linda C
Leckman, James F
eng
2007/05/01 00:00
Infant Ment Health J. 2007 May;28(3):281-295. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20136.}, month = {May}, pages = {281-295}, abstract = {Parents commonly experience a depressed mood in the immediate postpartum period, and a smaller proportion experience clinical postpartum depression. Among other factors, mental representations of early parenting experience appear to contribute to the development of major depressive disorder. The present study examines the role of mental representations of early parenting in subclinical fluctuations of parental mood in the peripartum period. Forty-one middle-class mothers and thirty-six fathers were interviewed on three occasions from late in their pregnancy until three months postpartum. Ratings of social support and past history of depression were obtained along with ratings of parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of their early parenting experiences. Parents{\textquoteright} perception of their own maternal care was significantly predictive of peripartum fluctuations in mood. Parents who perceived their own mothers as less caring showed more dysphoria at 8 months gestation, and at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. Perceptions of maternal protectiveness or fathers{\textquoteright} caring and protectiveness were not related to prenatal or postpartum mood fluctuations. Both mothers and fathers who perceived their mothers as affectionless and/or controlling were more likely to experience fluctuations in mood in the peripartum period. A past history of one or more episodes of major depression and ratings of perceived social support were also associated with more peripartum mood fluctuation. These findings suggest that early parenting experiences set the threshold for how vulnerable parents are in the peripartum period to the depressive costs of engaging with a new infant.}, isbn = {1097-0355 (Electronic)
0163-9641 (Linking)}, author = {Mayes, L. C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {5704, title = {Peace dividends and beyond: Contributions of administrative and social services to peacebuilding}, year = {2012}, institution = {United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {peacebuilding}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1152/CS10_McCandless.pdf}, author = {McCandless, E. and UnitedNationsPeacebuildingSupportOffice} } @article {7375, title = {{\textquoteleft}Post-crisis masculinities{\textquoteright} in Sierra Leone: revisiting masculinity theory}, journal = {Gender, Place \& Culture}, volume = {28}, year = {2021}, month = {Mar-06-2021}, pages = {786 - 805}, keywords = {crisis of masculinity, fatherhood, masculinities, Post-conflict, Sierra Leone}, issn = {0966-369X}, doi = {10.1080/0966369X.2020.1825214}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1825214}, author = {McLean, Kristen E.} } @article {883, title = {Parenting in times of war: supporting caregivers and children in crisis}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, volume = {124}, year = {2015}, pages = {54-58}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation }, address = {The Hague}, abstract = {

Humanitarian interventions to support and guide parents and caregivers in times of war can mitigate the negative effects of violence and chaos on children and promote their resilience and development. This article highlights recent findings from the International Rescue Committee\’s parenting programmes in Syria, underscoring the importance of such programmes not only in strengthening caregiving practices but also in addressing the psychological needs of parents

}, keywords = {Child Development, parental behaviors, resilience, violence exposure}, url = {http://issuu.com/bernardvanleerfoundation/docs/a_good_start_advances_in_early_chil}, author = {Murphy, K. and Maignant, S. and Boone, L. and Smith, S.} } @inbook {5670, title = {The power of media in peacebuilding}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {339 - 360}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {18}, abstract = {Given the complexity and intractability of present-day conflicts, this chapter discusses the potential role that positive media can play in peacebuilding. Problems associated with group identity are examined and the potential for media to strengthen issues surrounding the core identity (self-esteem and self-worth) of an individual is analyzed. The view is taken that educational media can enable individuals as well as large groups (nation, tribe) to become less vulnerable to malevolent manipulation. Examples from Palestine and Northern Ireland are presented to demonstrate the effect that age-appropriate educational media has on the building of secure attachment and prosocial behavior in young children. It is suggested that age-appropriate educational media can also promote global citizenship. Consideration is given to how media programs for children can be reinforced by programs for parents/caregivers and communities, and recommendations are offered on how these might be expanded. To achieve maximum effect, these programs are reliant on input from international and academic communities. A model is presented to illustrate how groups can progress from an existence marked by active conflict (where large group identity is under threat) to one of peaceful coexistence (where groups are connected and relate with mutual respect), and the role that media can play in this transition.}, keywords = {attachment, educational media, global citizenship, group identity, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0018}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Nusseibeh, Lucy}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {4841, title = {A pilot study of a family focused, psychosocial intervention with war-exposed youth at risk of attack and abduction in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {38}, number = {7}, year = {2014}, note = {O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, Paul
Branham, Lindsay
Shannon, Ciaran
Betancourt, Theresa S
Dempster, Martin
McMullen, John
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/03/19 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2014 Jul;38(7):1197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Mar 15.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1197-207}, abstract = {Rural communities in the Haut-Uele Province of northern Democratic Republic of Congo live in constant danger of attack and/or abduction by units of the Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army operating in the region. This pilot study sought to develop and evaluate a community-participative psychosocial intervention involving life skills and relaxation training and Mobile Cinema screenings with this war-affected population living under current threat. 159 war-affected children and young people (aged 7-18) from the villages of Kiliwa and Li-May in north-eastern DR Congo took part in this study. In total, 22\% of participants had been abduction previously while 73\% had a family member abducted. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions, internalising problems, conduct problems and pro-social behaviour were assessed by blinded interviewers at pre- and post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Participants were randomised (with an accompanying caregiver) to 8 sessions of a group-based, community-participative, psychosocial intervention (n=79) carried out by supervised local, lay facilitators or a wait-list control group (n=80). Average seminar attendance rates were high: 88\% for participants and 84\% for caregivers. Drop-out was low: 97\% of participants were assessed at post-intervention and 88\% at 3 month follow-up. At post-test, participants reported significantly fewer symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions compared to controls (Cohen{\textquoteright}s d=0.40). At 3 month follow up, large improvements in internalising symptoms and moderate improvements in pro-social scores were reported, with caregivers noting a moderate to large decline in conduct problems among the young people. Trial Registration clinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01542398.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, *Warfare, Abduction, Adolescent, Child, Crime/*psychology, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Family Therapy/*methods, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, Internalising symptoms, Male, Pilot Projects, Post-traumatic stress symptoms, Psychosocial, Rural Health, Treatment Outcome, Violence/psychology, War, youth}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, P. and Branham, L. and Shannon, C. and Betancourt, T. S. and Dempster, M. and McMullen, J.} } @article {443, title = {Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses.}, journal = {Epigenetics}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar-Apr}, pages = {97-106}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: In animal models, variations in early maternal care are associated with differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) stress response in the offspring, mediated via changes in the epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene (Nr3c1) expression.

OBJECTIVE: To study this in humans, relationships between prenatal exposure to maternal mood and the methylation status of a CpG-rich region in the promoter and exon 1F of the human GR gene (NR3C1) in newborns and HPA stress reactivity at age three months were examined.

RESULTS: Prenatal exposure to increased third trimester maternal depressed/anxious mood was associated with increased methylation of NR3C1 at a predicted NGFI-A binding site. Increased NR3C1 methylation at this site was also associated with increased salivary cortisol stress responses at 3 months, controlling for prenatal SRI exposure, postnatal age and pre and postnatal maternal mood.

METHODS: The methylation status of a CpG-rich region of the NR3C1 gene, including exon 1F, in genomic DNA from cord blood mononuclear cells was quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in infants of depressed mothers treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant (SRI) (n = 33), infants of depressed nontreated mothers (n = 13) and infants of non depressed/non treated mothers (n = 36). To study the functional implications of the newborn methylation status of NR3C1 in newborns, HPA function was assessed at three months using salivary cortisol obtained before and following a non noxious stressor and at a late afternoon basal time.

CONCLUSIONS: Methylation status of the human NR3C1 gene in newborns is sensitive to prenatal maternal mood and may offer a potential epigenetic process that links antenatal maternal mood and altered HPA stress reactivity during infancy.

}, keywords = {Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Base Sequence, CpG Islands, Depression, DNA Methylation, Exons, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infant, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Molecular Sequence Data, Mothers, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors}, issn = {1559-2308}, author = {Oberlander, Tim F and Weinberg, Joanne and Papsdorf, Michael and Grunau, Ruth and Misri, Shaila and Devlin, Angela M} } @article {196, title = {Programs for parents of infants and toddlers: recent evidence from randomized trials.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar-Apr}, pages = {355-91}, abstract = {

Programs for parents of young children hold considerable promise for improving children\&$\#$39;s life-course trajectories and for reducing health and development problems and associated costs to government and society. To date, this promise has not been achieved. Fulfilling the potential of parenting interventions will require substantial improvements in current practice for developing and testing such programs. Intervention development will be improved if clinicians and investigators ground parenting interventions in theory and epidemiology; and carefully pilot them to ascertain program feasibility, participant engagement, and behavioral change prior to testing them in randomized trials. Studies of parenting interventions will be improved if they adhere to the highest standards for randomization; if they examine objectively measured outcomes with clear public health relevance; and if they minimize selection factors known to compromise the analysis of data. Policy and practice recommendations for parenting interventions will be improved if they are based upon replicated randomized controlled trials, if the interventions are tested with different populations living in different contexts, and if they are examined in dissemination studies before public investments are made in such programs. Procedures need to be developed to ensure that the essential elements of evidence-based parenting programs can be implemented reliably in a variety of practice settings so that they will produce their intended effects. To date, few programs have met these high programmatic and evidentiary standards, with the result that many large-scale policy initiatives for at-risk parents have failed. Evidence is accumulating, however, that some programs delivered by professionals, especially nurse home visiting programs for pregnant women and parents of young children, produce replicable effects on children\&$\#$39;s health and development, and that these programs can be reliably reproduced with different populations living in a variety of community settings.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Developmental Disabilities, Early Intervention (Education), Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Information Dissemination, Parent-Child Relations, Poverty, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Psychosocial Deprivation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Risk Factors, Self-Help Groups, Social Welfare, United States}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01702.x}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Sadler, L. and Kitzman, H.} } @article {445, title = {Prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses: recent findings.}, journal = {Future Child}, volume = {9}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Spring}, pages = {44-65, 190-1}, abstract = {

This article describes a 20-year program of research on the Nurse Home Visitation Program, a model in which nurses visit mothers beginning during pregnancy and continuing through their children\&$\#$39;s second birthdays to improve pregnancy outcomes, to promote children\&$\#$39;s health and development, and to strengthen families\&$\#$39; economic self-sufficiency. The results of two randomized trials (one in Elmira, New York, and the second in Memphis, Tennessee) are summarized, and an ongoing trial in Denver, Colorado, is briefly described. Results of the Elmira and Memphis trials suggest the following: The program benefits the neediest families (low-income unmarried women) but provides little benefit for the broader population. Among low-income unmarried women, the program helps reduce rates of childhood injuries and ingestions that may be associated with child abuse and neglect, and helps mothers defer subsequent pregnancies and move into the workforce. Long-term follow-up of families in Elmira indicates that nurse-visited mothers were less likely to abuse or neglect their children or to have rapid successive pregnancies. Having fewer children enabled women to find work, become economically self-sufficient, and eventually avoid substance abuse and criminal behavior. Their children benefitted too. By the time the children were 15 years of age, they had had fewer arrests and convictions, smoked and drank less, and had had fewer sexual partners. The program produced few effects on children\&$\#$39;s development or on birth outcomes, except for children born to women who smoked cigarettes when they registered during pregnancy. The positive effects of the program on child abuse and injuries to children were most pronounced among mothers who, at registration, had the lowest psychological resources (defined as high levels of mental health symptoms, limited intellectual functioning, and little belief in their control of their lives). Generally, effects in Elmira were of greater magnitude and covered a broader range of outcomes than in Memphis, perhaps because of differences between the populations studied, community contexts, or a higher rate of turnover among home visitors in Memphis than in Elmira. The article concludes that the use of nurses as home visitors is key; that services should be targeted to the neediest populations, rather than being offered on a universal basis; that clinically tested methods of changing health and behavioral risks should be incorporated into program protocols; and that services must be implemented with fidelity to the model tested if program benefits found in scientifically controlled studies are to be reproduced as the program is replicated in new communities.

}, keywords = {Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Clinical Nursing Research, Community Health Nursing, Female, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, United States}, issn = {1054-8289}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Henderson, C. R. and Kitzman, H. J. and Eckenrode, J. J. and Cole, R. E. and Tatelbaum, R. C.} } @article {390, title = {Primary prevention of parent-child conflict and abuse in Iranian mothers: a randomized-controlled trial.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {206-13}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether primary health care settings can be used to engage and provide a preventive intervention to mothers of young children.

METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-four mothers who had come to the health centers were randomly assigned to either control group (CG: n=116) or intervention group (IG: n=108). Mothers in IG were taught about the role of parenting skills in families and common mistakes in parenting in 2-h-weekly sessions for 2 successive weeks. A parenting questionnaire was distributed to mothers at pre-test and after 8 weeks from the last training session.

RESULTS: Compared to the CG, there were significant improvements from pre- to post-test in IG on measures of Parenting Scales (PS) total scores and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale-modified (CTSPCm) total scores. This improvement was maintained at 8-week follow up.

CONCLUSION: The results support previous international studies that primary health care settings can be used successfully to engage and provide preventive interventions to mothers of young children.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Within health centers of Iran where parents routinely bring their children for monitoring of growth or vaccinating against some disease, mothers with a child aged between 2 and 6 years received a parent training. The program gave skills for managing misbehavior and preventing child behavior problems. Mothers reported that their behaviors improved from pre-treatment to post-treatment measured at 8-week follow up. The current work may lead decision-makers to organize this program for all of the health centers to train Iranian mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Education, Family Conflict, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Iran, Male, Primary Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.008}, author = {Oveisi, Sonia and Ardabili, Hassan Eftekhare and Dadds, Mark R and Majdzadeh, Reza and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Rad, Javad Alaqband and Shahrivar, Zahra} } @article {197, title = {Practitioner review: Engaging fathers--recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Nov}, pages = {1187-212}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Despite robust evidence of fathers{\textquoteright} impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well-explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting.

RESULTS: After screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate {\textquoteright}father{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}couple{\textquoteright} effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother-child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery.

CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale-up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender-differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.

}, keywords = {Fathers, Humans, Parenting, Psychotherapy, Research Design}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12280}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Burgess, A. and Eggerman, M. and McAllister, F. and Pruett, K. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {5919, title = {Practitioner review: Engaging fathers--recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence}, journal = {J Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {11}, year = {2014}, note = {1469-7610
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Burgess, Adrienne
Eggerman, Mark
McAllister, Fiona
Pruett, Kyle
Leckman, James F
Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review
England
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;55(11):1187-212. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12280. Epub 2014 Jul 1.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1187-212}, edition = {2014/07/02}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite robust evidence of fathers{\textquoteright} impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well-explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting. RESULTS: After screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate {\textquoteright}father{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}couple{\textquoteright} effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother-child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale-up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender-differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.}, keywords = {*Fathers, *Parenting, *Psychotherapy, Child Development, coparent, Family, father involvement, Humans, prevention, Research Design, Research Design/*standards, Violence}, isbn = {0021-9630}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Burgess, A. and Eggerman, M. and McAllister, F. and Pruett, K. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {7373, title = {Practitioner Review: Engaging fathers {\textendash} recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence}, journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-11-2014}, pages = {1187 - 1212}, keywords = {fatherhood, parenting interventions, policy development, responsive parenting}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.2014.55.issue-1110.1111/jcpp.12280}, url = {https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12280}, author = {Panter-Brick, Catherine and Burgess, Adrienne and Eggerman, Mark and McAllister, Fiona and Pruett, Kyle and Leckman, James F.} } @article {685, title = {A Parental Bonding Instrument}, journal = {British Journal of Medical Psychology}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, isbn = {2044-8341}, doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x}, author = {Parker, Gordon and Tupling, Hilary and Brown, L. B.} } @article {198, title = {Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar}, pages = {313-34}, abstract = {

Children and adolescents in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) constitute 35-50\% of the population. Although the population in many such countries is predominantly rural, rapid urbanisation and social change is under way, with an increase in urban poverty and unemployment, which are risk factors for poor child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). There is a vast gap between CAMH needs (as measured through burden of disease estimates) and the availability of CAMH resources. The role of CAMH promotion and prevention can thus not be overestimated. However, the evidence base for affordable and effective interventions for promotion and prevention in LAMIC is limited. In this review, we briefly review the public health importance of CAM disorders in LAMIC and the specific issues related to risk and protective factors for these disorders. We describe a number of potential strategies for CAMH promotion which focus on building capacity in children and adolescents, in parents and families, in the school and health systems, and in the wider community, including structural interventions. Building capacity in CAMH must also focus on the detection and treatment of disorders for which the evidence base is somewhat stronger, and on wider public health strategies for prevention and promotion. In particular, capacity needs to be built across the health system, with particular foci on low-cost, universally available and accessible resources, and on empowerment of families and children. We also consider the role of formal teaching and training programmes, and the role for specialists in CAMH promotion.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Developing Countries, Global Health, Health Promotion, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x}, author = {Patel, Vikram and Flisher, Alan J and Nikapota, Anula and Malhotra, Savita} } @article {6482, title = {PMNCH compendium of COVID-19 related partner resources on women{\textquoteright}s, children{\textquoteright}s and adolescents{\textquoteright} health}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In such times, it is essential to stay informed of the latest guidance and resources around COVID-19 and its effects on women, children an adolescent health, from credible sources. PMNCH has therefore developed the below compendium of resources that brings together the latest evidence-based information on women, children and adolescent health in the context of COVID-19. (See: https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2020/guidance-on-COVID-19/en/)}, keywords = {adolescents, children, COVID-19, Health, health workers, Mental Health, Women}, url = {https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2020/guidance-on-COVID-19/en/}, author = {PMNCH} } @book {546, title = {The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology)}, year = {2011}, publisher = {W. W. Norton}, organization = {W. W. Norton}, isbn = {9780393707007}, url = {http://books.wwnorton.com/books/The-Polyvagal-Theory/}, author = {Porges, S.W.} } @article {687, title = {Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The US Triple P System Population Trial}, journal = {Prevention SciencePrevention SciencePrevention Science}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {408gk
Times Cited:179
Cited References Count:61}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

The prevention of child maltreatment necessitates a public health approach. In the U.S. Triple P System Population Trial, 18 counties were randomly assigned to either dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program system or to the services-as-usual control condition. Dissemination involved Triple P professional training for the existing workforce (over 600 service providers), as well as universal media and communication strategies. Large effect sizes were found for three independently derived population indicators: substantiated child maltreatment, child out-of-home placements, and child maltreatment injuries. This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions.

}, keywords = {abuse, behavioral family intervention, Child maltreatment, dissemination, efficacy, home visitation, implementation, interaction therapy, outcome evaluation, Parenting, population intervention, positive parenting program, standard, support}, isbn = {1389-4986}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3}, author = {Prinz, R. J. and Sanders, M. R. and Shapiro, C. J. and Whitaker, D. J. and Lutzker, J. R.} } @book {547, title = {Partnership Parenting: How Men and Women Parent Differently--why it Helps Your Kids and Can Strengthen Your Marriage}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Da Capo Lifelong}, organization = {Da Capo Lifelong}, isbn = {9780738213262}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=C3E5-d6e8vQC}, author = {Pruett, K. D. and Pruett, M. K.} } @article {5381, title = {Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: a prospective population study}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {365}, number = {9478}, year = {2005}, note = {Ramchandani, Paul
Stein, Alan
Evans, Jonathan
O{\textquoteright}Connor, Thomas G
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2005/06/28 09:00
Lancet. 2005 Jun 25-Jul 1;365(9478):2201-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66778-5.}, month = {Jun 25-Jul 1}, pages = {2201-5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is common and frequently affects mothers and fathers of young children. Postnatal depression in mothers affects the quality of maternal care, and can lead to disturbances in their children{\textquoteright}s social, behavioural, cognitive, and physical development. However, the effect of depression in fathers during the early years of a child{\textquoteright}s life has received little attention. METHODS: As part of a large, population-based study of childhood, we assessed the presence of depressive symptoms in mothers (n=13,351) and fathers (n=12,884) 8 weeks after the birth of their child with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Fathers were reassessed at 21 months. We identified any subsequent development of behavioural and emotional problems in their children (n=10,024) at age 3.5 years with maternal reports on the Rutter revised preschool scales. FINDINGS: Information was available for 8431 fathers, 11,833 mothers, and 10,024 children. Depression in fathers during the postnatal period was associated with adverse emotional and behavioural outcomes in children aged 3.5 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.09, 95\% CI 1.42-3.08), and an increased risk of conduct problems in boys (2.66, 1.67-4.25). These effects remained even after controlling for maternal postnatal depression and later paternal depression. INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate that paternal depression has a specific and persisting detrimental effect on their children{\textquoteright}s early behavioural and emotional development.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Child Behavior Disorders/*etiology, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder/*complications, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Infant Care, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Ramchandani, P. and Stein, A. and Evans, J. and O{\textquoteright}Connor, T. G. and Alspac study team} } @article {5136, title = {Promotion of children{\textquoteright}s rights and prevention of child maltreatment}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {373}, number = {9660}, year = {2009}, note = {Reading, Richard
Bissell, Susan
Goldhagen, Jeffrey
Harwin, Judith
Masson, Judith
Moynihan, Sian
Parton, Nigel
Pais, Marta Santos
Thoburn, June
Webb, Elspeth
eng
England
2008/12/06 09:00
Lancet. 2009 Jan 24;373(9660):332-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61709-2. Epub 2008 Dec 4.}, month = {Jan 24}, pages = {332-43}, abstract = {In medical literature, child maltreatment is considered as a public-health problem or an issue of harm to individuals, but less frequently as a violation of children{\textquoteright}s human rights. Public-health approaches emphasise monitoring, prevention, cost-effectiveness, and population strategies; protective approaches concentrate on the legal and professional response to cases of maltreatment. Both approaches have been associated with improvement in outcomes for children, yet maltreatment remains a major global problem. We describe how children{\textquoteright}s rights provide a different perspective on child maltreatment, and contribute to both public-health and protective responses. Children{\textquoteright}s rights as laid out in the UN convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC) provide a framework for understanding child maltreatment as part of a range of violence, harm, and exploitation of children at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Rights of participation and provision are as important as rights of protection. The principles embodied in the UNCRC are concordant with those of medical ethics. The greatest strength of an approach based on the UNCRC is that it provides a legal instrument for implementing policy, accountability, and social justice, all of which enhance public-health responses. Incorporation of the principles of the UNCRC into laws, research, public-health policy, and professional training and practice will result in further progress in the area of child maltreatment.}, keywords = {*Health Promotion, Child, Child Abuse/ethics/*prevention \& control, Child Welfare/economics/trends, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Human Rights/economics/*legislation \& jurisprudence/standards, Humans, Poverty, Public Health/ethics/*standards/trends, Risk Factors, United Nations/ethics}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Reading, R. and Bissell, S. and Goldhagen, J. and Harwin, J. and Masson, J. and Moynihan, S. and Parton, N. and Pais, M. S. and Thoburn, J. and Webb, E.} } @article {690, title = {THE PEACEFUL KIDS CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROGRAM}, journal = {International Journal of Conflict Management}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, pages = {337-357}, doi = {10.1108/eb022845}, author = {Sandra V. Sandy and Susan K. Boardman} } @article {394, title = {A pilot study of a parent-education group for families affected by depression.}, journal = {Can J Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Mar}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a parent-education group for families with young children and a parent with depression. We designed the program to be readily disseminated if shown to be effective.

METHOD: We recruited 44 parents with depression from clinics and family doctors in Hamilton, Ontario, and randomly assigned them to receive the parenting program or to a wait-list control group. The outcomes measured included knowledge of depression, parenting, family relationships, depression symptoms, child depressive symptoms, and functioning. We used analysis of covariance to test for posttreatment differences between experimental and control groups.

RESULTS: Of the treatment group, 27\% dropped out at posttreatment, and 43\% by follow-up. Those who dropped out had more severe depression at baseline than did those who completed the program, and there was selective loss of parents with more severe depression in the experimental group. In intention-to-treat analyses at posttreatment, probands in the experimental group reported more improvements on family functioning, parenting sense of competence, and family and parent conflict than did control subjects. Standardized effect sizes (ES) were medium (0.4 to 0.6). When baseline depressive symptom scores were controlled in the analyses, the between-group differences were reduced, showing that selective loss of participants may have influenced the findings.

CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the results are encouraging and support the further development and evaluation of the group intervention. However, the study does not provide unequivocal evidence in support of the program. Before it is transferred to other settings, the program needs further modification to improve participation by parents with more severe depression and further evaluation of its effectiveness.

}, keywords = {Adult, Conflict (Psychology), Depression, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Parents, Pilot Projects, Questionnaires}, issn = {0706-7437}, author = {Sanford, Mark and Byrne, Carolyn and Williams, Susan and Atley, Sandy and Miller, Jennifer and Allin, Heather} } @article {6120, title = {Pet Ownership and Children{\textquoteright}s Emotional Expression: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Longitudinal Data from Japan}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {758}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16050758}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/758https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/758/pdf}, author = {Sato, Rikako and Fujiwara, Takeo and Kino, Shiho and Nawa, Nobutoshi and Kawachi, Ichiro} } @book {551, title = {Peer Mediation: Conflict Resolution in Schools : Program Guide}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Research Press Company}, organization = {Research Press Company}, isbn = {9780878223688}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=7Qstua_tDegC}, author = {Schrumpf, F. and Crawford, D.K. and Bodine, R.J.} } @article {5931, title = {Prenatal Risk Factors and the Etiology of ADHD-Review of Existing Evidence}, journal = {Curr Psychiatry Rep}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {1535-1645
Sciberras, Emma
Mulraney, Melissa
Silva, Desiree
Coghill, David
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Jan;19(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0753-2.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {1}, edition = {2017/01/17}, abstract = {While it is well accepted that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder, not all of the risk is genetic. It is estimated that between 10 and 40\% of the variance associated with ADHD is likely to be accounted for by environmental factors. There is considerable interest in the role that the prenatal environment might play in the development of ADHD with previous reviews concluding that despite demonstration of associations between prenatal risk factors (e.g. prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy) and ADHD, there remains insufficient evidence to support a definite causal relationship. This article provides an update of research investigating the relationship between prenatal risk factors and ADHD published over the past 3 years. Recently, several epidemiological and data linkage studies have made substantial contributions to our understanding of this relationship. In particular, these studies have started to account for some of the genetic and familial confounds that, when taken into account, throw several established findings into doubt. None of the proposed prenatal risk factors can be confirmed as causal for ADHD, and the stronger the study design, the less likely it is to support an association. We need a new benchmark for studies investigating the etiology of ADHD whereby there is an expectation not only that data will be collected prospectively but also that the design allows the broad range of genetic and familial factors to be accounted for.}, keywords = {*Gene-Environment Interaction, Adhd, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/*etiology/genetics, Causality, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental, Etiology, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/genetics, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*diagnosis, Prospective Studies, Research Design, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic}, isbn = {1523-3812}, doi = {10.1007/s11920-017-0753-2}, author = {Sciberras, E. and Mulraney, M. and Silva, D. and Coghill, D.} } @article {869, title = {Primary prevention in mental health for Head Start classrooms: Partial replication with teachers as intervenors}, journal = {Behavioral Disorders}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

In a previous study, Serna, Nielsen, Lambros, and Forness (2000) demonstrated that a 12-week universal intervention in three Head Start classrooms significantly improved outcomes on 5 of 10 measures of symptoms or impairment in mental health, compared to outcomes for children in two control classrooms. Children meeting clinical cutoffs for mental health risk also maintained or improved their performance as a result of such primary prevention compared to control children at risk (Serna, Lambros, Nielsen, \& Forness, 2002). The present study replicated the original, except the universal intervention was not conducted by a university preschool teacher but by regular Head Start teachers. Outcomes were significant on only two of eight outcome measures. The authors discuss them in terms of efficacy versus effectiveness.

}, keywords = {child mental health, Head Start}, url = {https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-320990911/primary-prevention-in-mental-health-for-head-start}, author = {Serna, L.A. and Nielsen, E. and Mattern, N. and Forness, S.} } @article {199, title = {Population-based provider engagement in delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions: challenges and solutions.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {31}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {223-34}, abstract = {

Population-wide interventions do not often address parenting, and relatively little is known about large scale dissemination of evidence-based parenting interventions. Most parenting interventions are not designed to reach the majority of parents in a geographic area or to influence prevalence rates for a problem, nor do they take full advantage of the existing workforce. Implementation of parenting interventions on this scale is a complex process; examination of such efforts can inform both research and policy. The US Triple P System Population Trial, designed to reduce child maltreatment at a population level, affords a unique opportunity to examine the steps involved in launching positive parenting support at a population level via an existing provider workforce. The implementation process is described; challenges and solutions are discussed.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Prevalence, Preventive Health Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Social Support, United States}, issn = {1573-6547}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-010-0210-z}, author = {Shapiro, Cheri J and Prinz, Ronald J and Sanders, Matthew R} } @article {691, title = {Parenting education and support policies and their consequences in selected OECD countries}, journal = {Children and Youth Services ReviewChildren and Youth Services ReviewChildren and Youth Services Review}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {438qm
Times Cited:7
Cited References Count:46}, month = {May}, pages = {526-532}, abstract = {

Given the raised profile that parenting support and education is currently receiving on government family policy agendas in many nations, this paper reviews the ways in which parenting support and education policies are embedded within eight OECD countries. Drawing out the similarities and differences of policy and practice, and comparing the financial support each country affords to parenting support, it assesses the effectiveness of parenting support programmes in relation to national expenditure and links parenting policy to child outcomes. The paper concludes with some recommendations for policy makers and programme developers.
The countries reviewed are: The UK, Netherlands, Canada, Ireland, the US, Finland, Australia and New Zealand. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Achievement, children, early childhood services, parenting support and education, Parents}, isbn = {0190-7409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.10.010}, author = {Shulruf, B. and O{\textquoteright}Loughlin, C. and Tolley, H.} } @article {734, title = {Prevention of child maltreatment in high-risk rural families: A randomized clinical trial with child welfare outcomes}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-08-2011}, pages = {1435 - 1444}, issn = {01907409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.023}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190740911001459http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001459?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001459?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Silovsky, Jane F. and Bard, David and Chaffin, Mark and Hecht, Debra and Burris, Lorena and Owora, Arthur and Beasley, Lana and Doughty, Debbie and Lutzker, John} } @article {205, title = {Plasma oxytocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depression.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {1886-93}, abstract = {

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 19\% of all women after parturition. The non-apeptide oxytocin (OXT) is involved in adjustment to pregnancy, maternal behavior, and bonding. Our aim was to examine the possible association between plasma OXT during pregnancy and the development of PPD symptoms. A total of 74 healthy, pregnant women were included in this prospective study. During the third trimester of pregnancy and within 2 weeks after parturition, PPD symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Blood samples for plasma OXT assessment were collected in the third trimester. Following the literature, participants with postpartum EPDS scores of 10 or more were regarded as being at risk for PPD development (rPPD group). In a logistic regression analysis, plasma OXT was included as a potential predictor for being at risk for PPD. Results were controlled for prepartal EPDS score, sociodemographic and birth-outcome variables. Plasma OXT concentration in mid-pregnancy significantly predicted PPD symptoms at 2 weeks postpartum. Compared with the no-risk-for-PPD group, the rPPD group was characterized by lower plasma OXT concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between prepartal plasma OXT concentration and postpartal symptoms of PPD in humans. Assuming a causal relationship, enhancing OXT release during pregnancy could serve as a potential target in prepartum PPD prevention, and help to minimize adverse effects of PPD on the mother-child relationship.

}, keywords = {Adult, Biological Markers, Depression, Postpartum, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Oxytocin, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2011.74}, author = {Skrundz, Marta and Bolten, Margarete and Nast, Irina and Hellhammer, Dirk H and Meinlschmidt, Gunther} } @article {735, title = {The PEACE Pack: an evaluation of interventions to reduce bullying in four Australian primary schools}, journal = {Educational Research}, volume = {49}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-06-2007}, pages = {103 - 114}, issn = {0013-1881}, doi = {10.1080/00131880701369610}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00131880701369610}, author = {Slee, Phillip T. and Mohyla, Jury} } @article {461, title = {A paternal environmental legacy: evidence for epigenetic inheritance through the male germ line.}, journal = {Bioessays}, volume = {36}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {359-71}, abstract = {

Literature on maternal exposures and the risk of epigenetic changes or diseases in the offspring is growing. Paternal contributions are often not considered. However, some animal and epidemiologic studies on various contaminants, nutrition, and lifestyle-related conditions suggest a paternal influence on the offspring\&$\#$39;s future health. The phenotypic outcomes may have been attributed to DNA damage or mutations, but increasing evidence shows that the inheritance of environmentally induced functional changes of the genome, and related disorders, are (also) driven by epigenetic components. In this essay we suggest the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility to environmental insults during sperm development. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs are viable mechanistic candidates for a non-genetic transfer of paternal environmental information, from maturing germ cell to zygote. Inclusion of paternal factors in future research will ultimately improve the understanding of transgenerational epigenetic plasticity and health-related effects in future generations.

}, keywords = {Animals, Diet, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genomic Imprinting, Histones, Humans, Life Style, Male, Obesity, Paternal Exposure, Radiation, Ionizing, RNA, Untranslated, Spermatogenesis, Spermatozoa, Zygote}, issn = {1521-1878}, doi = {10.1002/bies.201300113}, author = {Soubry, Adelheid and Hoyo, Cathrine and Jirtle, Randy L and Murphy, Susan K} } @article {403, title = {Parenting Interventions for Drug-Dependent Mothers and Their Young Children: The Case for an Attachment-Based Approach.}, journal = {Fam Relat}, volume = {55}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Apr}, pages = {211-226}, abstract = {

Maternal substance abuse is the most common factor involved when children come to the attention of the child welfare system. Although there is a clear need for clinical trials to evaluate parenting interventions for drug-dependent women, few studies to date have systematically examined the efficacy of interventions for this population. We first review six published reports of outpatient interventions that aimed to enhance the caregiving skills of substance-abusing mothers caring for children between birth and 5 years of age. After discussing implications of these preliminary studies, we then describe an attachment-based intervention that addresses these implications and has demonstrated preliminary feasibility in a pilot trial.

}, issn = {0197-6664}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00371.x}, author = {Suchman, Nancy and Pajulo, Marjukka and DeCoste, Cindy and Mayes, Linda} } @article {5411, title = {Primary health care and early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9807}, year = {2011}, note = {Tamburlini, Giorgio
Manetti, Stefania
Toffol, Giacomo
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2011/12/06 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Dec 3;378(9807):e16. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61838-2.}, month = {Dec 3}, pages = {e16}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Tamburlini, G. and Manetti, S. and Toffol, G.} } @article {6492, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Mental health, children \& COVID-19}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {Will childhood ever be the same again beyond COVID-19? There{\textquoteright}s a growing concern around the impact of the Coronavirus on the mental health and wellbeing of children, who may have a lot of questions, frustrations and fears that they{\textquoteright}re not always able to articulate.}, keywords = {child mental health, COVID-19}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/848671?fbclid=IwAR0Huj3fc3noKUbftI0iztrC88v_rmsK1F7Mzmshpq8BuiSo-L4l6AUEqu8}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6495, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Caring for every child in a time of COVID-19}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In this episode we speak to Mayke Huijbregts, Chief of Social Policy and Child Protection for UNICEF South Africa. We also speak to Dr Garth Japhet, founder of Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication, and CEO of Heartlines, the Centre for Values Promotion.}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood care}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/838975}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6494, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Protecting children{\textquoteright}s rights during a lockdown}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF }, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In this episode we hear from Angie Makwetla Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission Responsible for Children{\textquoteright}s Rights. She offers perspective on how children{\textquoteright}s rights have been impacted by COVID-19 and the lockdown {\textendash} and why she{\textquoteright}s hopeful that we{\textquoteright}ll emerge stronger as a nation on the other side of this pandemic.}, keywords = {child rights, COVID-19}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/845276}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3211, title = {Pan-African Symposium on Education, Resilience and Social Cohesion - Strengthening Education Policies and Programmes to Achieve SDGs and Africa{\textquoteright}s Agenda 2063}, year = {2016}, institution = {Peacebuilding Education and Advocacy in Conflict-affected Contexts Programme}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/somalia/SOM_feature_PASeducationResilienceSocialCohesion.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6493, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Parenting under lockdown}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In episode 2 of Children at Heart {\textendash} the UNICEF South Africa podcast, we speak to Gloria Khoza, UNICEF Child Protection Officer. She offers timely advice on how to keep calm, and parent under lockdown. She also shares great tips for those of us living in constrained spaces.}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/841924}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6553, title = {Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {COVID-19, Mental Health, policy}, url = {https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief-covid_and_mental_health_final.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5680, title = {Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Violent extremism}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/674}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5636, title = {Peace Resolutions}, year = {2016}, keywords = {United Nations General Assembly}, url = {https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/\%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9\%7d/s_res_2282.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6444, title = {Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on children}, year = {2020}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {The UN Secretary General{\textquoteright}s report on COVID19 and children was issued on April 16, 2020. The Secretary General called for urgent action to support the world{\textquoteright}s children amid the COVID-19 global crisis. }, keywords = {child health, child safety, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_children_16_april_2020.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5738, title = {The private sector and the prevention of violence against children in Latin America and the Caribbean}, year = {2018}, institution = {UNICEF, UN Special Representative on to the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/the_private_sector_and_the_prevention_of_violence_against_children_in_lac_-_ingl.pdf}, author = {UnitedNationsSRSGViolenceAgainstChildren and UNICEF} } @article {5682, title = {Preventing conflict, transforming justice, securing the peace: A global study on the implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325}, year = {2015}, keywords = {violence prevention}, url = {http://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/UNW-GLOBAL-STUDY-1325-2015\%20(1).pdf}, author = {UNWomen} } @inbook {5663, title = {Prosocial development and situational morality: Neurobiological, parental, and contextual factors}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {161 - 184}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {10}, abstract = {Prosocial behavior is any (voluntary) behavior intended to benefit others, and it is one of the potential contributions that an individual can make toward a more peaceful world. In this chapter, neurobiological, parental, and situational factors that might shape the prosocial behavior of children are discussed and emerging prosocial and antisocial behavior in infancy is reviewed and the question posed whether prosociality is inborn or obtained through socialization by parents. Twin studies suggest a considerable genetic component in prosociality, but current molecular genetic studies fail to support this outcome. Studies on gene-environment interaction, in particular on differential susceptibility, might be more promising as the influence of the family1 and wider social context on prosocial development seems undeniable. Hormonal influences on prosocial behavior have recently been studied using intranasal oxytocin administration, and some studies on prosociality related to neural activity and brain morphology in children have become available. This chapter ends with some thoughts and findings on situational morality. Environmental {\textquotedblleft}nudges{\textquotedblright} might play a more important role than is currently acknowledged in child development research and theories of prosociality.}, keywords = {brain morphology in children, gene-environment interactions, infant prosociality, Oxytocin}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0010}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {736, title = {Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Preschool Children}, journal = {Journal of Research in Childhood Education}, volume = {19}, year = {2004}, month = {Jun-06-2006}, pages = {131 - 142}, issn = {0256-8543}, doi = {10.1080/02568540409595060}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02568540409595060}, author = {Vestal, Anita and Jones, Nancy Aaron} } @article {406, title = {Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: evaluation of the Incredible Years Teacher and Child Training Programs in high-risk schools.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May}, pages = {471-88}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: School readiness, conceptualized as three components including emotional self-regulation, social competence, and family/school involvement, as well as absence of conduct problems play a key role in young children\&$\#$39;s future interpersonal adjustment and academic success. Unfortunately, exposure to multiple poverty-related risks increases the odds that children will demonstrate increased emotional dysregulation, fewer social skills, less teacher/parent involvement and more conduct problems. Consequently intervention offered to socio-economically disadvantaged populations that includes a social and emotional school curriculum and trains teachers in effective classroom management skills and in promotion of parent-school involvement would seem to be a strategic strategy for improving young children\&$\#$39;s school readiness, leading to later academic success and prevention of the development of conduct disorders.

METHODS: This randomized trial evaluated the Incredible Years (IY) Teacher Classroom Management and Child Social and Emotion curriculum (Dinosaur School) as a universal prevention program for children enrolled in Head Start, kindergarten, or first grade classrooms in schools selected because of high rates of poverty. Trained teachers offered the Dinosaur School curriculum to all their students in bi-weekly lessons throughout the year. They sent home weekly dinosaur homework to encourage parents\&$\#$39; involvement. Part of the curriculum involved promotion of lesson objectives through the teachers\&$\#$39; continual use of positive classroom management skills focused on building social competence and emotional self-regulation skills as well as decreasing conduct problems. Matched pairs of schools were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions.

RESULTS: Results from multi-level models on a total of 153 teachers and 1,768 students are presented. Children and teachers were observed in the classrooms by blinded observers at the beginning and the end of the school year. Results indicated that intervention teachers used more positive classroom management strategies and their students showed more social competence and emotional self-regulation and fewer conduct problems than control teachers and students. Intervention teachers reported more involvement with parents than control teachers. Satisfaction with the program was very high regardless of grade levels.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the efficacy of this universal preventive curriculum for enhancing school protective factors and reducing child and classroom risk factors faced by socio-economically disadvantaged children.

}, keywords = {Achievement, Aggression, Child, Conduct Disorder, Education, Female, Humans, Male, Questionnaires, School Health Services, Schools, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Teaching}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01861.x}, author = {Webster-Stratton, C. and Jamila Reid, M. and Stoolmiller, M.} } @inbook {588, title = {Parent training with low-income families: promoting parental engagement through a collaborative approach}, booktitle = {Handbook of Child Abuse Research and Treatment}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Pienum Press}, organization = {Pienum Press}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-2909-2_8}, author = {C. Webster-Stratton}, editor = {J. R. Lutzker} } @article {5361, title = {Pathways for peace : inclusive approaches to preventing violent conflict}, year = {2018}, note = {World Bank Group, United Nations.
color illustrations, color maps.
Includes bibliographical references.
Introduction. Prevention of violent conflict works and is cost-effective ; Why, then, is there so little belief in the prevention of violent conflict? ; What is the prevention of violent conflict? ; Can prevention of violent conflict be done differently? ; The importance of agency to prevention -- A surge and expansion of violent conflict. Violent conflict in the twenty-first century ; Understanding trends in violent conflict ; The unacceptable costs of violent conflict ; How violent conflicts end -- The need for prevention in an interdependent world. An international system in search of a new equilibrium ; Risk and opportunity in an increasingly connected world -- Pathways for peace. A framework for peaceful pathways ; Path dependency of violence ; The centrality of actors ; Understanding risk and opportunity ; Prevention and sustaining peace : building peaceful pathways ; Scenarios for pathways to peace or violence -- Why people fight : inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. Inequality and violent conflict ; The multiple and intersecting dimensions of exclusion ; Exclusion, identity, grievances, and mobilization to violence -- What people fight over : arenas of contestation. Risk and opportunity in the arenas of contestation ; The arena of power and governance ; The arena of land and natural resources ; The arena of service delivery ; The arena of security and justice -- Country approaches to preventing violent conflict. Navigating transition moments ; Changing actors{\textquoteright} incentives ; Addressing institutional weaknesses ; Investing in structural factors -- The international architecture for prevention. Systemic prevention ; Regional action ; International tools for prevention ; International development assistance ; Areas of convergence between diplomatic, security, and development instruments -- Pursuing pathways for peace : recommendations for building inclusive approaches for prevention. Principles for prevention ; An agenda for action : prevention in practice ; Organizing for prevention ; A call for action -- Appendix A: Thematic papers and case studies.
Print version record.}, pages = {1 online resource (xxxiv, 299 pages)}, institution = {World Bank,}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, keywords = {Electronic books., International cooperation., International relations., Peace Economic aspects., Political violence., Security, International., Sustainable development., United Nations. General Assembly. (2015)}, isbn = {9781464811869
1464811865}, author = {WorldBankGroup and UnitedNations} } @article {5699, title = {Preventing violence: Evaluation outcomes of parenting programs}, year = {2013}, institution = {World Health Organization}, url = {http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/parenting_evaluations/en/}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization} } @article {2166, title = {A Paternal-fetal Attachment Pilot Intervention on Mental Health for Pregnant Mothers}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods are associated with very important psychological and physiological changes, sometimes associated with pathological changes. Spouses{\textquoteright} participation is one of the effective factors in promoting the mental health of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal-fetal attachment pilot intervention on perceived mental health and perceived attachment to fetus. We implemented a paternal-fetal attachment pilot intervention designed to promote the mental health of pregnant women. We used an experimental pretest/posttest study design to evaluate the impact of paternal-fetal attachment that resulted in a hospital-affiliated prenatal centre, before and after pilot implementation. As hypothesised, perceived mental health and perceived attachment to fetus increased in the intervention group, but not in the control group. The pilot intervention that we set up in this study was effective for promoting mental health in pregnant mothers.}, keywords = {intervention, Mental Health, Paternal-Fetal Attachment, Pregnant Mothers}, doi = {10.14704/nq.2018.16.1.1162}, url = {https://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1162}, author = {Limei Yuan and Zhenrong Gu and Hui Peng and Lijun Zhao} }