@book {478, title = {The Nature of Prejudice}, year = {1958}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, organization = {Addison-Wesley}, address = {Reading}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Prejudice-Allport-1958-01-01-Paperback/dp/B012YXPZTG/ref=pd_cp_14_2?_encoding=UTF8\&pd_rd_i=B012YXPZTG\&pd_rd_r=9JG9C16VDE3S9T9X38CG\&pd_rd_w=rycGH\&pd_rd_wg=ghfW4\&psc=1\&refRID=9JG9C16VDE3S9T9X38CG}, author = {G. W. Allport} } @article {238, title = {Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {57}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jun 1}, pages = {1377-84}, abstract = {

The prefrontal cortex guides behaviors, thoughts, and feelings using representational knowledge, i.e., working memory. These fundamental cognitive abilities subserve the so-called executive functions: the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviors and thoughts, regulate our attention, monitor our actions, and plan and organize for the future. Neuropsychological and imaging studies indicate that these prefrontal cortex functions are weaker in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and contribute substantially to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology. Research in animals indicates that the prefrontal cortex is very sensitive to its neurochemical environment and that small changes in catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortex cells can have profound effects on the ability of the prefrontal cortex to guide behavior. Optimal levels of norepinephrine acting at postsynaptic alpha-2A-adrenoceptors and dopamine acting at D1 receptors are essential to prefrontal cortex function. Blockade of norepinephrine alpha-2-adrenoceptors in prefrontal cortex markedly impairs prefrontal cortex function and mimics most of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including impulsivity and locomotor hyperactivity. Conversely, stimulation of alpha-2-adrenoceptors in prefrontal cortex strengthens prefrontal cortex regulation of behavior and reduces distractibility. Most effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder facilitate catecholamine transmission and likely have their therapeutic actions by optimizing catecholamine actions in prefrontal cortex.

}, keywords = {Adamantane, Animals, Attention, Benzopyrans, Catecholamines, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electroencephalography, Guanfacine, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Motor Activity, Neurobiology, Prefrontal Cortex, Problem Solving, Reaction Time}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019}, author = {Arnsten, Amy F T and Li, Bao-Ming} } @article {254, title = {Nature and nurture in own-race face processing.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {17}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {159-63}, abstract = {

A standard visual preference task was used to examine 3-month-olds\&$\#$39; looking times at own-race versus other-race faces as a function of environmental exposure to faces from the two categories. Participants were Caucasian infants living in a Caucasian environment, African infants living in an African environment, and African infants living in a predominantly Caucasian environment. The results indicate that preference for own-race faces is present as early as 3 months of age, but that this preference results from exposure to the prototypical facial environment.

}, keywords = {Cognition, Ethnic Groups, Face, Humans, Infant, Social Environment, Visual Perception}, issn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01679.x}, author = {Bar-Haim, Yair and Ziv, Talee and Lamy, Dominique and Hodes, Richard M} } @article {263, title = {Nutritional supplementation in girls influences the growth of their children: prospective study in Guatemala.}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {90}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1372-9}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Better early childhood nutrition improves schooling, adult health, skills, and wages, but there is little evidence regarding its effect on the next generation.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether nutritional supplementation in children aged \<7 to 15 y affected their children\&$\#$39;s nutritional status 29-38 y later.

DESIGN: We studied 791 children 0-12 y who were offspring of 401 Guatemalan women who had participated as children in a nutritional supplementation trial in which 2 villages were randomly assigned to receive a nutritious supplement (atole) and 2 were assigned to receive a less-nutritious supplement (fresco). We compared anthropometric indicators between the offspring of mothers exposed to atole and the offspring of mothers exposed to fresco.

RESULTS: Compared with the offspring of women exposed to fresco, the offspring of women exposed to atole had a 116-g (95\% CI: 17, 215 g) higher birth weight, were 1.3-cm (0.4, 2.2 cm) taller, had a 0.6-cm (0.4, 0.9 cm) greater head circumference, had a 0.26 (0.09, 0.43) greater height-for-age z score, and had a 0.20 (0.02, 0.39) greater weight-for-age z score. The association for height differed by offspring sex. Sons of women exposed to atole were 2.0-cm (95\% CI: 1.0, 3.1 cm) taller than the sons of women exposed to fresco. Supplementation was not associated with 6 other offspring anthropometric indicators that reflect measures of adiposity. Supplementation in boys did not affect their children\&$\#$39;s anthropometric measures.

CONCLUSION: Nutritional supplementation in girls is associated with substantial increases in their offsprings\&$\#$39; (more for sons) birth weight, height, head circumference, height-for-age z score, and weight-for-age z score.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Body Size, Body Weight, Child, Dietary Supplements, Female, Growth, Guatemala, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Placebos, Pregnancy, Skinfold Thickness}, issn = {1938-3207}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.2009.27524}, author = {Behrman, Jere R and Calderon, Maria C and Preston, Samuel H and Hoddinott, John and Martorell, Reynaldo and Stein, Aryeh D} } @article {4051, title = {Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 01 07}, pages = {91-102}, abstract = {

The UN Sustainable Development Goals provide a historic opportunity to implement interventions, at scale, to promote early childhood development. Although the evidence base for the importance of early childhood development has grown, the research is distributed across sectors, populations, and settings, with diversity noted in both scope and focus. We provide a comprehensive updated analysis of early childhood development interventions across the five sectors of health, nutrition, education, child protection, and social protection. Our review concludes that to make interventions successful, smart, and sustainable, they need to be implemented as multi-sectoral intervention packages anchored in nurturing care. The recommendations emphasise that intervention packages should be applied at developmentally appropriate times during the life course, target multiple risks, and build on existing delivery platforms for feasibility of scale-up. While interventions will continue to improve with the growth of developmental science, the evidence now strongly suggests that parents, caregivers, and families need to be supported in providing nurturing care and protection in order for young children to achieve their developmental potential.

}, keywords = {Caregivers, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Humans, Parents, Public Policy, Social Behavior}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K. and Yousafzai, A. K. and Matthews, S. G. and Vaivada, T. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Rao, N. and Ip, P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and MacMillan, H. and Hanson, M. and Wachs, T. D. and Yao, H. and Yoshikawa, H. and Cerezo, A. and Leckman, J. F. and Bhutta, Z. A.} } @article {4271, title = {No second chances? Early critical periods in human development. Introduction}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {97}, year = {2013}, note = {Britto, Pia Rebello
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
eng
Introductory
England
2013/10/03 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Nov;97:238-40. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 8.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {238-40}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Critical Period (Psychology), *Fetal Development, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Perez-Escamilla, R.} } @article {702, title = {The neural basis of primate social communication}, journal = {Motivation and Emotion}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, pages = {81-91}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00991637}, author = {L. Brothers} } @article {298, title = {Neuroendocrine control of maternal stress responses and fetal programming by stress in pregnancy.}, journal = {Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul 1}, pages = {1178-91}, abstract = {

The major changes in highly dynamic neuroendocrine systems that are essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy are outlined from studies on rodents. These changes optimise the internal environment to provide the life support system for the placenta, embryo and fetus. These include automatic prevention of further pregnancy, blood volume expansion, increased appetite and energy storage. The brain regulates these changes, in response to steroid (estrogens, progesterone) and peptide (lactogens, relaxin) hormone signals. Activation of inhibitory endogenous opioid mechanisms in the brain in late pregnancy restrains premature secretion of oxytocin, and attenuates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress. This opioid mechanism is activated by allopregnanolone, a neuroactive progesterone metabolite. The significance of reduced HPA axis responses in shifting maternal metabolic balance, and in protecting the fetuses from adverse programming of HPA axis stress responsiveness and anxious behaviour in later life is critically discussed. Experimental studies showing sex-dependent fetal programming by maternal stress or glucocorticoid exposure in late pregnancy are reviewed. The possibility of over-writing programming in offspring through neurosteroid administration is discussed. The impact of maternal stress on placental function is considered in the context of reconciling studies that show offspring programming by stress in very early or late pregnancy produce similar phenotypes in the offspring.

}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Fetal Development, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neurosecretory Systems, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {1878-4216}, doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.12.023}, author = {Brunton, Paula J and Russell, John A} } @article {314, title = {Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 Nov}, pages = {779-818}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to review existing behavioral and neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Both love and social attachments function to facilitate reproduction, provide a sense of safety, and reduce anxiety or stress. Because social attachment is an essential component of love, understanding attachment formation is an important step toward identifying the neurobiological substrates of love. Studies of pair bonding in monogamous rodents, such as prairie voles, and maternal attachment in precocial ungulates offer the most accessible animal models for the study of mechanisms underlying selective social attachments and the propensity to develop social bonds. Parental behavior and sexual behavior, even in the absence of selective social behaviors, are associated with the concept of love; the analysis of reproductive behaviors, which is far more extensive than our understanding of social attachment, also suggests neuroendocrine substrates for love. A review of these literatures reveals a recurrent association between high levels of activity in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the subsequent expression of social behaviors and attachments. Positive social behaviors, including social bonds, may reduce HPA axis activity, while in some cases negative social interactions can have the opposite effect. Central neuropeptides, and especially oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated both in social bonding and in the central control of the HPA axis. In prairie voles, which show clear evidence of pair bonds, oxytocin is capable of increasing positive social behaviors and both oxytocin and social interactions reduce activity in the HPA axis. Social interactions and attachment involve endocrine systems capable of decreasing HPA reactivity and modulating the autonomic nervous system, perhaps accounting for health benefits that are attributed to loving relationships.

}, keywords = {Animals, Biological Evolution, Child, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Love, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Object Attachment, Pair Bond, Parent-Child Relations, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sexual Behavior, Social Behavior}, issn = {0306-4530}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @inbook {572, title = {The Nature of the Child{\textquoteright}s Ties}, booktitle = {Handbook of Attachment, Third Edition: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications}, year = {2018}, pages = {3-22}, publisher = {Guilford Publications}, organization = {Guilford Publications}, edition = {3rd}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781606235843}, url = {http://www.guilford.com/books/Handbook-of-Attachment/Cassidy-Shaver/9781462525294}, author = {Cassidy, J.}, editor = {Cassidy, J. and Shaver, P.R.} } @article {326, title = {Naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible central oxytocin receptors.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {98}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Oct 23}, pages = {12736-41}, abstract = {

Naturally occurring variations in maternal licking/grooming influence neural development and are transmitted from mother to female offspring. We found that the induction of maternal behavior in virgin females through constant exposure to pups (pup sensitization) was significantly shorter in the offspring of High compared with Low licking/grooming mothers, suggesting differences in maternal responsivity. In randomly selected females screened for individual differences in maternal responsivity and subsequently mated, there was a significant and negative correlation (r = -0.73) between the latency to exhibit maternal behavior in the pup sensitization paradigm and the frequency of pup licking/grooming during lactation. Females that were more maternally responsive to pups and that showed increased levels of pup licking/grooming also showed significantly higher oxytocin receptor levels in the medial preoptic area, the lateral septum, the central nucleus (n.) of the amygdala, the paraventricular n. of the hypothalamus, and the bed n. of the stria terminalis. Intracerebroventricular administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist to mothers on postpartum day 3 completely eliminated the differences in pup licking/grooming, suggesting that differences in oxytocin receptor levels are functionally related to maternal behavior. Finally, estrogen treatment of virgin females significantly increased oxytocin receptor binding in the medial preoptic area and lateral septum of female offspring of High, but not Low, licking/grooming mothers. These findings suggest that maternal licking/grooming influences the development of estrogen sensitivity in brain regions that regulate maternal behavior, providing a potential mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of individual differences in maternal behavior.

}, keywords = {Animals, Autoradiography, Brain, Estrogens, Female, Grooming, Maternal Behavior, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Oxytocin}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.221224598}, author = {Champagne, F and Diorio, J and Sharma, S and Meaney, M J} } @article {378, title = {Normalizing the development of cortisol regulation in maltreated infants through preventive interventions.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {789-800}, abstract = {

Longitudinal effects of child maltreatment on cortisol regulation in infants from age 1 to 3 years were investigated in the context of a randomized preventive intervention trial. Thirteen-month-old infants from maltreating families (N = 91) and their mothers were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: child-parent psychotherapy, psychoeducational parenting intervention, and a control group involving standard community services (CS). A fourth group of infants from nonmaltreating families (N = 52) and their mothers comprised a nonmaltreated comparison (NC) group. The two active interventions were combined into one maltreated intervention (MI) group for statistical analyses. Saliva samples were obtained from children at 10:00 a.m. before beginning a laboratory observation session with their mothers when the children were 13 months of age (preintervention), 19 months (midintervention), 26 months (postintervention), and 38 months (1-year postintervention follow-up). At the initial assessment, no significant differences among groups in morning cortisol were observed. Latent growth curve analyses examined trajectories of cortisol regulation over time. Beginning at midintervention, divergence was found among the groups. Whereas the MI group remained indistinguishable from the NC group across time, the CS group progressively evinced lower levels of morning cortisol, statistically differing from the MI and NC groups. Results highlight the value of psychosocial interventions for early child maltreatment in normalizing biological regulatory processes.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Parenting, Saliva, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579411000307}, author = {Cicchetti, D. and Rogosch, F. A. and Toth, S. L. and Sturge-Apple, M. L.} } @book {511, title = {Negotiating Across Cultures: Communication Obstacles in International Diplomacy}, year = {1991}, publisher = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, organization = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, isbn = {9781878379085}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Negotiating_Across_Cultures.html?id=lR65AAAAIAAJ}, author = {Cohen, R.} } @article {172, title = {The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {328}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jun 11}, pages = {1408-11}, abstract = {

Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a \"tend and defend\" response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Altruism, Conflict (Psychology), Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Double-Blind Method, Game Theory, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Oxytocin, Trust, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1189047}, author = {De Dreu, Carsten K W and Greer, Lindred L and Handgraaf, Michel J J and Shalvi, Shaul and Van Kleef, Gerben A and Baas, Matthijs and Ten Velden, Femke S and Van Dijk, Eric and Feith, Sander W W} } @article {2956, title = {A neural basis for the development of inhibitory control}, journal = {Developmental Science}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, pages = {F9-F16}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishers Ltd.}, abstract = {The present study explores the neural basis of the development of inhibitory control by combining functional neuroimaging with a parametric manipulation of a go{\textendash}nogo paradigm. We demonstrate how the maturation of ventral fronto{\textendash}striatal circuitry underlies the development of this ability. We used event{\textendash}related fMRI to examine the effect of interference on neural processes involved in inhibitory control in children and adults. Nogo trials were preceded by either 1, 3 or 5 go trials and then compared to one another. Both children and adults showed an increase in errors with increasing interference. Successful response inhibition was associated with stronger activation of prefrontal and parietal regions for children than for adults. In adults, activation in ventralprefrontal regions increased with increasing interference from go trials. Unlike adults, the circuitry appeared to be maximally activated in children when suppressing a behavioral response regardless of the number of preceding responses. Furthermore, activation in ventral fronto{\textendash}striatal regions correlated with both age and performance. These findings suggest that immature cognition is more susceptible to interference and this is paralleled by maturational differences in underlying fronto{\textendash}striatal circuitry.}, isbn = {1467-7687}, author = {Durston, Sarah and Thomas, Kathleen M. and Yang, Yihong and Ulu{\u g}, Aziz M. and Zimmerman, Robert D. and Casey, B. J.} } @article {593, title = {National Strategic Plan for Early Childhood Development in Jamaica 2008-2013}, year = {2009}, institution = {ECC}, address = {Kingston}, url = {https://www.ecc.gov.jm/Downloads/Brochures/nsp_book_layout_small.pdf}, author = {Early Childhood Commission (ECC)} } @article {4506, title = {The nature of the mother{\textquoteright}s tie to her infant: maternal bonding under conditions of proximity, separation, and potential loss}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, year = {1999}, note = {Feldman, R
Weller, A
Leckman, J F
Kuint, J
Eidelman, A I
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
1999/10/06 00:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;40(6):929-39.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {929-39}, abstract = {Attachment has generally been examined from the infant{\textquoteright}s perspective. We focused on mothers{\textquoteright} post-partum thoughts and behaviors. Guided by an ethological approach, maternal bonding was examined under conditions of proximity, separation, and potential loss. Ninety-one mothers were interviewed: mothers of full-term infants who maintained continuous proximity to the infant, mothers of healthy premature infants who were separated from the infant, and mothers of very low birthweight infants who experienced potential loss and prolonged separation. Mothers of term infants reported medium-to-high levels of preoccupations with thoughts of infant safety and well-being. Preoccupations increased with separation (Group 2) and significantly decreased with impending loss (Group 3). Attachment behaviors and representations were the highest among mothers of term infants and declined linearly with the duration of mother-infant separation. Maternal trait anxiety and depression were related respectively to higher levels of preoccupations and reduced attachment behaviors and representations, independent of the infant medical condition and mother-child separation. Discussion focused on the comparability of maternal and infant attachment in relation to the neurobiological system underlying bond formation.}, keywords = {*Anxiety, Separation, *Infant, Premature, *Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, *Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Adult, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Pregnancy}, isbn = {0021-9630 (Print)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Feldman, R. and Weller, A. and Leckman, J. F. and Kuint, J. and Eidelman, A. I.} } @article {179, title = {Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {35}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {1133-41}, abstract = {

Animal studies have demonstrated that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays a critical role in processes of parent-infant bonding through mechanisms of early parental care, particularly maternal grooming and contact. Yet, the involvement of OT in human parenting remains poorly understood, no data are available on the role of OT in the development of human fathering, and the links between patterns of parental care and the OT response have not been explored in humans. One hundred and twelve mothers and fathers engaged in a 15-min play-and-contact interaction with their 4-6-month-old infants and interactions were micro-coded for patterns of parental touch. Results showed that baseline levels of plasma and salivary OT in mothers and fathers were similar, OT levels in plasma and saliva were inter-related, and OT was associated with the parent-specific mode of tactile contact. Human mothers who provided high levels of affectionate contact showed an OT increase following mother-infant interaction but such increase was not observed among mothers displaying low levels of affectionate contact. Among fathers, only those exhibiting high levels of stimulatory contact showed an OT increase. These results demonstrate consistency in the neuroendocrine basis of human parental interactions with those seen in other mammals. The findings underscore the need to provide opportunities for paternal care to trigger the biological basis of fatherhood and suggest that interventions that permit social engagement may be recommended in conditions of diminished maternal-infant contact, such as prematurity or postpartum depression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Saliva, Time Factors, Touch, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.01.013}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Schneiderman, Inna and Weisman, Omri and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna} } @article {7272, title = {Nine country profiles highlight the need for greater attention to early childhood development across Europe}, year = {2021}, institution = {First Years First Priority}, keywords = {cross-country analysis, early childhood development, Europe}, url = {https://firstyearsfirstpriority.eu/nine-country-profiles-highlight-the-need-for-greater-attention-to-early-childhood-development-across-europe/?fbclid=IwAR3PLJUTNvacVMF-8ddC2g695eKxYr47Pw-VsdqdR28hKu8XI2jNbcT-NoE}, author = {FirstYearsFirstPriority} } @article {669, title = {The neurobiology of stress and development}, journal = {Annual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of Psychology, Vol 63}, volume = {58}, year = {2007}, note = {131vx
Times Cited:454
Cited References Count:159
Annual Review of Psychology}, pages = {145-173}, abstract = {

Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves activation of neurobiological systems that preserve viability through change or allostasis. Although they are necessary for survival, frequent neurobiological stress responses increase the risk of physical and mental health problems, perhaps particularly when experienced during periods of rapid brain development. Recently, advances in noninvasive measurement techniques have resulted in a burgeoning of human developmental stress research. Here we review the anatomy and physiology of stress responding, discuss the relevant animal literature, and briefly outline what is currently known about the psychobiology of stress in human development, the critical role of social regulation of stress neurobiology, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes.

}, keywords = {behavioral-inhibition, child-care, corticotropin-releasing-factor, early adverse experience, factor crf, hpa axis, maltreated children, multiple-regression analysis, neuroendocrine activity, pituitary-adrenal axis, Psychopathology, salivary cortisol}, isbn = {0066-4308}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605}, author = {Gunnar, M. and Quevedo, K.} } @book {525, title = {Narrative and the Politics of Identity: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780199781263}, url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394467.001.0001/acprof-9780195394467}, author = {Hammack, P.L.} } @article {7195, title = {Non-formal Education for Adolescents and Youth in Crisis and Conflict Contexts: a Proposed Taxonomy (Background Paper)}, year = {2020}, publisher = {e Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE}, keywords = {adolescents, crisis and conflict, Education, youth}, url = {https://inee.org/system/files/resources/Non-formal\%20Education\%20for\%20Adolescents\%20and\%20Youth\%20in\%20Crisis\%20and\%20Conflict\%20a\%20Proposed\%20Taxonomy\%20and\%20Background\%20Paper.pdf}, author = {INEE} } @article {4081, title = {Neural plasticity in fathers of human infants.}, journal = {Soc Neurosci}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {522-35}, abstract = {

Fathering plays an important role in infants{\textquoteright} socioemotional and cognitive development. Previous studies have identified brain regions that are important for parenting behavior in human mothers. However, the neural basis of parenting in human fathers is largely unexplored. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated structural changes in fathers{\textquoteright} brains during the first 4~months postpartum using voxel-based morphometry analysis. Biological fathers (n~=~16) with full-term, healthy infants were scanned at 2-4~weeks postpartum (time 1) and at 12-16~weeks postpartum (time 2). Fathers exhibited increase in gray matter (GM) volume in several neural regions involved in parental motivation, including the hypothalamus, amygdala, striatum, and lateral prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, fathers exhibited decreases in GM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and insula. The findings provide evidence for neural plasticity in fathers{\textquoteright} brains. We also discuss the distinct patterns of associations among neural changes, postpartum mood symptoms, and parenting behaviors among fathers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Depression, Fathers, Gray Matter, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Organ Size, Parenting, Time Factors}, issn = {1747-0927}, doi = {10.1080/17470919.2014.933713}, author = {Kim, P. and Rigo, P. and Mayes, L. C. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4526, title = {Nurturing resilient children}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, number = {3-4}, year = {2007}, note = {Leckman, James F
Mayes, Linda C
eng
Editorial
England
2007/03/16 09:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(3-4):221-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01743.x.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {221-3}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Life Change Events, *Mother-Child Relations, *Personality Development, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Object Attachment, Pregnancy, Social Environment}, isbn = {0021-9630 (Print)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C.} } @article {6071, title = {Not just in Philadelphia {\textendash} But across the globe}, journal = {Depression and Anxiety}, year = {2019}, month = {May-05-2020}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child exploitation, child sexual abuse}, issn = {1091-4269}, doi = {10.1002/da.22905}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/da.22905}, author = {Leckman, James F. and Rubinstein, Joanna} } @article {4521, title = {Nurturing resilient children}, journal = {Rev Bras Psiquiatr}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, note = {Leckman, James F
eng
Editorial
Brazil
2007/04/17 09:00
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007 Mar;29(1):5-6.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {5-6}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Life Change Events, *Parent-Child Relations, Child, Child Abuse/psychology, Humans}, isbn = {1516-4446 (Print)
1516-4446 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F.} } @article {6250, title = {The Neural Basis of Empathy and Empathic Behavior in the Context of Chronic Trauma}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-08-2020}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00562}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00562/full}, author = {Levy, Jonathan and Yirmiya, Karen and Goldstein, Abraham and Feldman, Ruth} } @article {7418, title = {Nurturing care for children living in humanitarian settings}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development}, keywords = {early childhood development, Humanitarianism, nurturing care}, url = {https://nurturing-care.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NC_humanitarian.pdf}, author = {NurturingCare} } @book {548, title = {The Nurturing Father: Journey Toward the Complete Man}, year = {1987}, publisher = {Warner Books}, organization = {Warner Books}, isbn = {9780446386630}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=CoA8PwAACAAJ}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {5929, title = {Nurturing Care for Young Children under Conditions of Fragility and Conflict}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Richter, Linda M
Lye, Stephen J
Proulx, Kerrie
Journal Article
Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):13-26. doi: 10.1002/cad.20232.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {13-26}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {Forced displacement worldwide is at its highest in decades and millions of young children are living in conflict zones, in transitional or enduring refugee contexts, and in demographically diverse marginalized and informal settlements. There is a huge unmet need for delivering early childhood development interventions to ensure the safety and continued development of young children in these vulnerable contexts. In this paper, we discuss nurturing care as an important entry point for multisectoral collaborations to support families and reach young children. Nurturing care is a basic right of every child and encompasses health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. We review key elements of the biological and psychological development of children important to nurturing care and illustrate their application in case studies of war and displacement in Angola and Kenya. Building on long-term benefits of early interventions, scaled up support is essential to improve the health, development, and well-being of young children in contexts of conflict, violence, and insecurity. Not only do early childhood development interventions support the development of young children, but they also provide a potential pathway to violence reduction and a way to achieve more peaceful families, communities, and societies.}, keywords = {*Armed Conflicts/psychology, *Child Development, *Child Rearing/psychology, *Exposure to Violence/psychology, *Parenting/psychology, *Vulnerable Populations/psychology, Angola, Child, Humans, Kenya}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20232}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K.} } @article {5376, title = {Nurturing Care for Young Children under Conditions of Fragility and Conflict}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Richter, Linda M
Lye, Stephen J
Proulx, Kerrie
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):13-26. doi: 10.1002/cad.20232.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {13-26}, abstract = {Forced displacement worldwide is at its highest in decades and millions of young children are living in conflict zones, in transitional or enduring refugee contexts, and in demographically diverse marginalized and informal settlements. There is a huge unmet need for delivering early childhood development interventions to ensure the safety and continued development of young children in these vulnerable contexts. In this paper, we discuss nurturing care as an important entry point for multisectoral collaborations to support families and reach young children. Nurturing care is a basic right of every child and encompasses health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. We review key elements of the biological and psychological development of children important to nurturing care and illustrate their application in case studies of war and displacement in Angola and Kenya. Building on long-term benefits of early interventions, scaled up support is essential to improve the health, development, and well-being of young children in contexts of conflict, violence, and insecurity. Not only do early childhood development interventions support the development of young children, but they also provide a potential pathway to violence reduction and a way to achieve more peaceful families, communities, and societies.}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K.} } @article {5679, title = {New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Refugees}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/71/1}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @book {2681, title = {Negotiating Across Cultures ... Communication Obstacles in International Diplomacy}, year = {1999}, publisher = {publisher not identified}, organization = {publisher not identified}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws-8rQEACAAJ}, author = {UnitedStatesInstituteofPeace} } @article {7244, title = {Navigating irregularity: The impact of growing up undocumented in Europe}, year = {2021}, institution = {Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM)}, keywords = {displaced children, Migrant children, Undocumented children}, url = {https://picum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Navigating-Irregularity_EN.pdf}, author = {Van der Vennet, L. and Van den Bogaard, R. and LeVoy, M.} } @article {3451, title = {Now the Kids are Safe: Population-based Survey on Peace and Education in Cote D{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.peacebuildingdata.org/sites/m/pdf/CoteIvoire_201609.pdf}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Balthazard, M. and HarvardHumanitarianIntiativeandUNICEF} } @article {3426, title = {NOW THE KIDS ARE SAFE POPULATION-BASED SURVEY ON PEACE AND EDUCATION IN CÔTE D{\textquoteright}IVOIRE}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.peacebuildingdata.org/sites/m/pdf/CoteIvoire_201609.pdf}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Balthazard, M. and HarvardHumanitarianIntiativeandUNICEF} } @article {4186, title = {Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential}, year = {2018}, institution = {World Health Organization}, address = { Geneva}, keywords = {nurturing care}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272603/9789241514064-eng.pdf?ua=1}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization and UNICEF and WorldBankGroup} }