@inbook {5669, title = {Linking peacebuilding and child development: A basic framework}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {323 - 338}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {17}, abstract = {This chapter addresses debates in the field of peacebuilding, with a focus on conflict resolution and peace education. Strategies in conflict resolution and peace education which can be applied as mechanisms to promote peace-oriented behaviors in young children are shared. Peace education studies conducted in the early years of life are reviewed and a call for investment in education programs that promote healthy children in peaceful communities is advocated. This chapter encourages dialog on best methods and strategies to utilize the knowledge in peacebuilding and conflict resolution in early childhood development.}, keywords = {conflict resolution, early childhood interventions, peace education, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0017}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Nasser, Ilham}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @book {6304, title = {Learning for Peace: Lessons learned from UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education, and Advocacy in Conflict-Affected Context Programme}, year = {2019}, pages = {219 - 239}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

}, isbn = {978-3-030-22175-1}, issn = {2197-5779}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-22176-810.1007/978-3-030-22176-8_14}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-22176-8}, author = {Affolter, Friedrich W. and Azaryeva Valente, Anna}, editor = {Balvin, Nikola and Christie, Daniel J.} } @article {6346, title = {Life skills and financial education for peace}, year = {2019}, institution = {Aflatoun International}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {harmony, peace, peacebuilder, serenity, Violence, War}, url = {https://www.aflatoun.org/curricula/life-skills-financial-education-peace/}, author = {Aflatoun} } @article {632, title = {Long term consequences of early childhood malnutrition}, journal = {Oxford Economic Papers}, volume = {58}, year = {2006}, month = {Mar-04-2006}, pages = {450 - 474}, issn = {0030-7653}, doi = {10.1093/oep/gpl008}, url = {http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/oep/gpl008}, author = {Alderman, H.} } @book {480, title = {The Little Book of Restorative Discipline for Schools: Teaching Responsibility, Creating Caring Climates}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Good Books}, organization = {Good Books}, isbn = {9781561485062}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Little_Book_of_Restorative_Disciplin.html?id=TKzZAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Amstutz, L.S. and Mullet, J.H.} } @article {232, title = {Life in groups: the roles of oxytocin in mammalian sociality.}, journal = {Front Behav Neurosci}, volume = {7}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {185}, abstract = {

In recent decades, scientific understanding of the many roles of oxytocin (OT) in social behavior has advanced tremendously. The focus of this research has been on maternal attachments and reproductive pair-bonds, and much less is known about the substrates of sociality outside of reproductive contexts. It is now apparent that OT influences many aspects of social behavior including recognition, trust, empathy, and other components of the behavioral repertoire of social species. This review provides a comparative perspective on the contributions of OT to life in mammalian social groups. We provide background on the functions of OT in maternal attachments and the early social environment, and give an overview of the role of OT circuitry in support of different mating systems. We then introduce peer relationships in group-living rodents as a means for studying the importance of OT in non-reproductive affiliative behaviors. We review species differences in oxytocin receptor (OTR) distributions in solitary and group-living species of South American tuco-tucos and in African mole-rats, as well as singing mice. We discuss variation in OTR levels with seasonal changes in social behavior in female meadow voles, and the effects of OT manipulations on peer huddling behavior. Finally, we discuss avenues of promise for future investigation, and relate current findings to research in humans and non-human primates. There is growing evidence that OT is involved in social selectivity, including increases in aggression toward social outgroups and decreased huddling with unfamiliar individuals, which may support existing social structures or relationships at the expense of others. OT\&$\#$39;s effects reach beyond maternal attachment and pair bonds to play a role in affiliative behavior underlying \"friendships\", organization of broad social structures, and maintenance of established social relationships with individuals or groups.

}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00185}, author = {Anacker, Allison M J and Beery, Annaliese K} } @article {249, title = {Less is more: meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood.}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {129}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Mar}, pages = {195-215}, abstract = {

Is early preventive intervention effective in enhancing parental sensitivity and infant attachment security, and if so, what type of intervention is most successful? Seventy studies were traced, producing 88 intervention effects on sensitivity (n = 7,636) and/or attachment (n = 1,503). Randomized interventions appeared rather effective in changing insensitive parenting (d = 0.33) and infant attachment insecurity (d = 0.20). The most effective interventions used a moderate number of sessions and a clear-cut behavioral focus in families with, as well as without, multiple problems. Interventions that were more effective in enhancing parental sensitivity were also more effective in enhancing attachment security, which supports the notion of a causal role of sensitivity in shaping attachment.

}, keywords = {Behavior Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Object Attachment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Personality Assessment, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic}, issn = {0033-2909}, url = {file:///C:/Users/njf7/Downloads/Bakermans2003.pdf}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H and Juffer, Femmie} } @article {4956, title = {A Longitudinal Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration among Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Int Psychiatry}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
England
2010/07/01 00:00
Int Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;7(3):60-62.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {60-62}, isbn = {1749-3676 (Print)
1749-3676 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {329, title = {Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {381}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 May 4}, pages = {1514-5}, keywords = {Child Development, Child Mortality, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Conservation of Natural Resources, Health Status, Humans, Social Problems}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60944-7}, author = {Chan, Margaret} } @article {5872, title = {Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {381}, number = {9877}, year = {2013}, note = {1474-547x
Chan, Margaret
Journal Article
England
Lancet. 2013 May 4;381(9877):1514-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60944-7.}, month = {May 4}, pages = {1514-5}, edition = {2013/05/07}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Mortality, *Child Welfare, *Social Problems/prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Conservation of Natural Resources, Health Status, Humans}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60944-7}, author = {Chan, M.} } @article {6177, title = {Linking family-friendly policies to women{\textquoteright}s economic empowerment. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {childcare, family-friendly policies, gender equality, parental leave, women{\textquoteright}s economic empowerment}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Gender-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Chopra, D. and Krishnan, M. and UNICEF} } @article {334, title = {Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: a study of postinstitutionalized Romanian orphans.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, volume = {14}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Dec}, pages = {1290-301}, abstract = {

Early global deprivation of institutionalized children may result in persistent specific cognitive and behavioral deficits. In order to examine brain dysfunction underlying these deficits, we have applied positron emission tomography using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose in 10 children (6 males, 4 females, mean age 8.8 years) adopted from Romanian orphanages. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), the pattern of brain glucose metabolism in the orphans was compared to the patterns obtained from two control groups: (i) a group of 17 normal adults (9 males, 8 females, mean age 27.6 years) and (ii) a group of 7 children (5 males and 2 females, mean age 10.7 years) with medically refractory focal epilepsy, but normal glucose metabolism pattern in the contralateral hemisphere. Consistent with previous studies of children adopted from Romanian orphanages, neuropsychological assessment of Romanian orphans in the present study showed mild neurocognitive impairment, impulsivity, and attention and social deficits. Comparing the normalized glucose metabolic rates to those of normal adults, the Romanian orphans showed significantly decreased metabolism bilaterally in the orbital frontal gyrus, the infralimbic prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal structures (amygdala and head of hippocampus), the lateral temporal cortex, and the brain stem. These findings were confirmed using a region-of-interest approach. SPM analysis showed significantly decreased glucose metabolism in the same brain regions comparing the orphans to the nonepileptic hemisphere of the childhood epilepsy controls. Dysfunction of these brain regions may result from the stress of early global deprivation and may be involved in the long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits displayed by some Romanian orphans.

}, keywords = {Adoption, Adult, Amygdala, Blood Glucose, Brain, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Institutionalized, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hippocampus, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Male, Orphanages, Psychosocial Deprivation, Risk Factors, Romania, United States}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0917}, author = {Chugani, H T and Behen, M E and Muzik, O and Juh{\'a}sz, C and Nagy, F and Chugani, D C} } @article {2746, title = {A longitudinal study of relational aggression, physical aggression, and children{\textquoteright}s social-psychological adjustment}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, note = {Crick, Nicki R
Ostrov, Jamie M
Werner, Nicole E
eng
Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/06/03 09:00
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006 Apr;34(2):131-42. Epub 2006 Apr 26.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {131-42}, abstract = {Although great strides have recently been made in our understanding of relational aggression and its consequences, one significant limitation has been the lack of prospective studies. The present research addressed this issue by identifying and assessing groups of relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, relationally plus physically aggressive (co-morbid), and nonaggressive children during their third grade year in elementary school and then reassessing them a year later, during fourth-grade (N = 224, 113 girls). Two aspects of social-psychological adjustment were assessed during both assessment periods including internalizing difficulties (i.e., withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and somatic complaints) and externalizing problems (i.e., aggressive behavior, delinquency). It was revealed that the strongest predictor of future social-psychological adjustment problems and increases in these problems from third to fourth was the combination of relational and physical aggression. Relational aggression also contributed unique information, relative to physical aggression, in the prediction of future maladjustment. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention efforts, particularly for aggressive girls, are discussed.}, keywords = {*Aggression, *Interpersonal Relations, *Social Adjustment, Anxiety/psychology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology/*psychology, Comorbidity, Depression/psychology, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency/psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Multivariate Analysis, Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology, Violence/psychology}, isbn = {0091-0627 (Print)
0091-0627 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1007/s10802-005-9009-4}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741683}, author = {Crick, N. R. and Ostrov, J. M. and Werner, N. E.} } @inbook {2691, title = {Levels, Trends, and Determinants of Child Maltreatment in the Western Cape Province}, booktitle = {The State of the Population in the Western Cape Province}, year = {2008}, note = {(South Africa)}, pages = {97 - 125}, publisher = {HSRC Press}, organization = {HSRC Press}, address = {Cape Town}, isbn = {9780796922267}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=i9snAQAAIAAJ}, author = {Dawes, A. and C. Ward}, editor = {Marindo, R. and Gaisie, S.K.} } @article {3226, title = {lifalabantwana Sobambisana Initiative Partner Evaluation Report: The Ntataise Trust Play Group, Parent Support and Teacher Enrichment Programmes Rammulotsi/Viljoenskroon, Northern Free State.}, year = {2012}, url = {http://ilifalabantwana.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/ntataise-report-web.pdf}, author = {Dawes, A. and L. Biersteker and L. Hendricks.} } @article {2841, title = {Long-term consequences of stunting in early life}, journal = {Matern Child Nutr}, volume = {7 Suppl 3}, year = {2011}, note = {Dewey, Kathryn G
Begum, Khadija
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
England
2011/10/05 06:00
Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Oct;7 Suppl 3:5-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {5-18}, abstract = {This review summarizes the impact of stunting, highlights recent research findings, discusses policy and programme implications and identifies research priorities. There is growing evidence of the connections between slow growth in height early in life and impaired health and educational and economic performance later in life. Recent research findings, including follow-up of an intervention trial in Guatemala, indicate that stunting can have long-term effects on cognitive development, school achievement, economic productivity in adulthood and maternal reproductive outcomes. This evidence has contributed to the growing scientific consensus that tackling childhood stunting is a high priority for reducing the global burden of disease and for fostering economic development. Follow-up of randomized intervention trials is needed in other regions to add to the findings of the Guatemala trial. Further research is also needed to: understand the pathways by which prevention of stunting can have long-term effects; identify the pathways through which the non-genetic transmission of nutritional effects is mediated in future generations; and determine the impact of interventions focused on linear growth in early life on chronic disease risk in adulthood.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, *Developing Countries, *Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Africa/epidemiology, Asia/epidemiology, Body Height, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Dietary Supplements, Female, Humans, Latin America/epidemiology, Malnutrition/complications/epidemiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1740-8709 (Electronic)
1740-8695 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x }, author = {Dewey, K. G. and Begum, K.} } @inbook {577, title = {Life Feeds on Hope: Family mental health, culture, and resilience}, booktitle = {Children of Afghanistan: The Path to Peace}, volume = {226-238}, year = {2014}, publisher = {University of Texas Press}, organization = {University of Texas Press}, url = {http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/books/heachi}, author = {Eggerman, M. and Panter-Brick, C}, editor = {Jennifer Heath and Ashraf Zahedi} } @article {347, title = {Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of family foundations: effects on children{\textquoteright}s emotional, behavioral, and school adjustment.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Dec}, pages = {821-31}, abstract = {

This study examines long-term effects of a transition to parenthood program, Family Foundations, designed to enhance child outcomes through a strategic focus on supporting the coparenting relationship. Roughly 5 to 7 years after baseline (pregnancy), parent and teacher reports of internalizing and externalizing problems and school adjustment were collected by mail for 98 children born to couples enrolled in the randomized trial. Teachers reported significantly lower levels of internalizing problems among children in the intervention group compared with children in the control group and, consistent with prior findings at age 3, lower levels of externalizing problems for boys in the intervention group. Baseline level of observed couple negative communication moderated intervention effects for parent and teacher report of child adjustment and teacher report of school adjustment and adaptation. Effect sizes ranged from 0.40 to 0.98. Results indicate that relatively brief preventive programs for couples at the transition to parenthood have the capacity to promote long-term positive benefits for children\&$\#$39;s adjustment. Although we attended to missing data issues in several ways, high levels of attrition in this long-term follow-up study is a cause for caution.

}, issn = {1939-1293}, doi = {10.1037/fam0000037}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Jones, Damon E and Roettger, Michael E and Solmeyer, Anna and Hostetler, Michelle L} } @article {5889, title = {Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica}, journal = {Science}, volume = {344}, number = {6187}, year = {2014}, note = {1095-9203
Gertler, Paul
Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
Zanolini, Arianna
Vermeersch, Christel
Walker, Susan
Chang, Susan M
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):998-1001. doi: 10.1126/science.1251178.}, month = {May 30}, pages = {998-1001}, edition = {2014/05/31}, abstract = {A substantial literature shows that U.S. early childhood interventions have important long-term economic benefits. However, there is little evidence on this question for developing countries. We report substantial effects on the earnings of participants in a randomized intervention conducted in 1986-1987 that gave psychosocial stimulation to growth-stunted Jamaican toddlers. The intervention consisted of weekly visits from community health workers over a 2-year period that taught parenting skills and encouraged mothers and children to interact in ways that develop cognitive and socioemotional skills. The authors reinterviewed 105 out of 129 study participants 20 years later and found that the intervention increased earnings by 25\%, enough for them to catch up to the earnings of a nonstunted comparison group identified at baseline (65 out of 84 participants).}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Developing Countries/*statistics \& numerical data, Early Intervention (Education)/*statistics \& numerical data, Emotions, Employment/*economics/trends, Female, Humans, Infant, Jamaica, Male, Mother-Child Relations/*psychology, Parenting/psychology, Psychology, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult}, isbn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1251178}, author = {Gertler, P. and Heckman, J. and Pinto, R. and Zanolini, A. and Vermeersch, C. and Walker, S. and Chang, S. M. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {5401, title = {Long-term economic effect of early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {371}, number = {9610}, year = {2008}, note = {Grosse, Scott D
Roy, Kakoli
eng
Comment
Multicenter Study
England
2008/02/05 09:00
Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):365-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60180-4.}, month = {Feb 2}, pages = {365-6}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Nutritional Status, Adult, Child, Preschool, Employment/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*statistics \& numerical data, Time Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Grosse, S. D. and Roy, K.} } @article {5903, title = {Long-term effects of early intervention: Turkish low-income mothers and children}, journal = {J Appl Dev Psychol}, volume = {22}, year = {2001}, pages = {333-361}, abstract = {This study looks at the long-term effects of an educational early learning home environment in Istanbul, Turkey. Researchers examined preschool settings to determine the long-term effects of four different environments: non-educational child care, educational nursery schools, and two types of home care{\DH}one involving mothers who received the intervention and one in which mothers simply provided home-based care. The results suggested that mother training and an educational preschool environment both had positive effects on cognitive development and grades in language and mathematics. Mother training also had a significant effect on general ability scores. Both interventions (educational preschool and mother training) were effective in cognitive outcomes. In homes in which the mothers took part in the training program there were additional gains, possibly caused by positive changes in the mother herself, which then affected her relationship with the child and family. A total of 280 children from lower income families participated in the study; researchers assigned them randomly to treatment groups. For the intervention researchers adapted the HIPPY Program{\DH}Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters{\DH}to provide cognitive awareness and learning activities and supplemented it with group discussions and other parent supports for strengthening home communication skills. They then assessed the children on cognitive skills and grades at the end of each grade level up to age 15 and analyzed data to look for differences that were most likely to result from the preschool environment. The authors indicate that much first year data was lost as a result of computer failure. In almost one-third of homes where parent training did not occur, report cards were lost, so data were incomplete. Regardless, the researchers seemed to have accounted for circumstance and designed a rigorous study that contributes to what communities need to know about quality early care and education.}, keywords = {Early enrichmen, intervention, parental involvement}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64f1/7c7befc87693172fe8129fce31e4ef0f1caa.pdf}, author = {Ka{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i},{\c C}. and Sunar, D., and Bekman, S.} } @article {670, title = {Long-term effects of early intervention: Turkish low-income mothers and children}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, note = {467fk
Times Cited:61
Cited References Count:62}, pages = {333-361}, abstract = {

The two studies reported in this paper comprise the Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) spanning a period of 10 years. Both studies were conducted with mothers and children in low-income, low-education areas of Istanbul. Study I involved an examination over 4 years of the effects of two different types of early enrichment (intervention), child-focused (center-based) and mother-focused (home-based). Study 2 was a follow-up of Study 1, 7 years after the end of project intervention. Although both interventions produced superior cognitive skills and school adjustment at the end of the program, follow-up assessments in Study 2 revealed that parent-focused intervention had numerous sustained effects in terms of school attainment, higher primary school grades and vocabulary scores, more favorable attitudes towards school, and better family and social adjustment, while most effects of center-based intervention had dissipated (with the notable exception of negative effects of custodial, as opposed to educational, day care). It is concluded that home-based early enrichment through the mediation of the mother is a highly effective strategy with multiple positive outcomes in contexts of socioeconomic disadvantage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {care, competence, delinquency, early enrichment, early-childhood intervention, Education, experience, family support, follow-up, intervention, parental involvement, prevention, school}, isbn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/S0193-3973(01)00071-5}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64f1/7c7befc87693172fe8129fce31e4ef0f1caa.pdf}, author = {K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S.} } @article {7361, title = {Love and peace across generations: Biobehavioral systems and global partnerships}, journal = {Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-11-2021}, pages = {100092}, keywords = {early childhood development, Neurobiology, Parenting, peacebuilding, policy, sustainable development goals}, issn = {26664976}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100092}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666497621000667}, author = {Leckman, James F. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Pavarini, Gabriela and Hein, Sascha D. and McCarthy, Michael F. and Staiti, Haifa and Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and Rubinstein, Joanna and Pruett, Kyle D. and Yazgan, M. Yanki and Fallon, N. Shemrah and Hartl, Franz J. and Ziv, Margalit and Salah, Rima and Britto, Pia Rebello and Fitzpatrick, Siobh{\'a}n and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {5913, title = {The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, year = {2012}, note = {1549-1676
Norman, Rosana E
Byambaa, Munkhtsetseg
De, Rumna
Butchart, Alexander
Scott, James
Vos, Theo
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Systematic Review
United States
PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349. Epub 2012 Nov 27.}, pages = {e1001349}, edition = {2012/12/05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse is considered a modifiable risk factor for mental disorders across the life course. However the long-term consequences of other forms of child maltreatment have not yet been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence relating to the possible relationship between child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, and subsequent mental and physical health outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO electronic databases up to 26 June 2012. Published cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that examined non-sexual child maltreatment as a risk factor for loss of health were included. All meta-analyses were based on quality-effects models. Out of 285 articles assessed for eligibility, 124 studies satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Statistically significant associations were observed between physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect and depressive disorders (physical abuse [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95\% CI 1.16-2.04], emotional abuse [OR = 3.06; 95\% CI 2.43-3.85], and neglect [OR = 2.11; 95\% CI 1.61-2.77]); drug use (physical abuse [OR = 1.92; 95\% CI 1.67-2.20], emotional abuse [OR = 1.41; 95\% CI 1.11-1.79], and neglect [OR = 1.36; 95\% CI 1.21-1.54]); suicide attempts (physical abuse [OR = 3.40; 95\% CI 2.17-5.32], emotional abuse [OR = 3.37; 95\% CI 2.44-4.67], and neglect [OR = 1.95; 95\% CI 1.13-3.37]); and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviour (physical abuse [OR = 1.78; 95\% CI 1.50-2.10], emotional abuse [OR = 1.75; 95\% CI 1.49-2.04], and neglect [OR = 1.57; 95\% CI 1.39-1.78]). Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria. While suggestive evidence exists for a relationship between maltreatment and chronic diseases and lifestyle risk factors, more research is required to confirm these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This overview of the evidence suggests a causal relationship between non-sexual child maltreatment and a range of mental disorders, drug use, suicide attempts, sexually transmitted infections, and risky sexual behaviour. All forms of child maltreatment should be considered important risks to health with a sizeable impact on major contributors to the burden of disease in all parts of the world. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of child maltreatment should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect children from violence.}, keywords = {*Cost of Illness, *Life Style, *Mental Health, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/*psychology, Chronic Disease/*epidemiology/*psychology, Humans, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors}, isbn = {1549-1277}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349}, author = {Norman, R. E. and Byambaa, M. and De, R. and Butchart, A. and Scott, J. and Vos, T.} } @article {5918, title = {Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children{\textquoteright}s criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Jama}, volume = {280}, number = {14}, year = {1998}, note = {Olds, D
Henderson, C R Jr
Cole, R
Eckenrode, J
Kitzman, H
Luckey, D
Pettitt, L
Sidora, K
Morris, P
Powers, J
1-K05-MH01382-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
96ASPE278A/PHS HHS/United States
R01-MH49381/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
JAMA. 1998 Oct 14;280(14):1238-44.}, month = {Oct 14}, pages = {1238-44}, edition = {1998/10/24}, abstract = {CONTEXT: A program of home visitation by nurses has been shown to affect the rates of maternal welfare dependence, criminality, problems due to use of substances, and child abuse and neglect. However, the long-term effects of this program on children{\textquoteright}s antisocial behavior have not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effects of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses on children{\textquoteright}s antisocial behavior. DESIGN: Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Interviews were conducted with the adolescents and their biological mothers or custodial parents. SETTING: Semirural community in New York. PARTICIPANTS: Between April 1978 and September 1980, 500 consecutive pregnant women with no previous live births were recruited, and 400 were enrolled. A total of 315 adolescent offspring participated in a follow-up study when they were 15 years old; 280 (89\%) were born to white mothers, 195 (62\%) to unmarried mothers, 151 (48\%) to mothers younger than 19 years, and 186 (59\%) to mothers from households of low socioeconomic status at the time of registration during pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Families in the groups that received home visits had an average of 9 (range, 0-16) home visits during pregnancy and 23 (range, 0-59) home visits from birth through the child{\textquoteright}s second birthday. The control groups received standard prenatal and well-child care in a clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Children{\textquoteright}s self-reports of running away, arrests, convictions, being sentenced to youth corrections, initiation of sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, and use of illegal substances; school records of suspensions; teachers{\textquoteright} reports of children{\textquoteright}s disruptive behavior in school; and parents{\textquoteright} reports of the children{\textquoteright}s arrests and behavioral problems related to the children{\textquoteright}s use of alcohol and other drugs. RESULTS: Adolescents born to women who received nurse visits during pregnancy and postnatally and who were unmarried and from households of low socioeconomic status (risk factors for antisocial behavior), in contrast with those in the comparison groups, reported fewer instances (incidence) of running away (0.24 vs 0.60; P = .003), fewer arrests (0.20 vs 0.45; P = .03), fewer convictions and violations of probation (0.09 vs 0.47; P<.001), fewer lifetime sex partners (0.92 vs 2.48; P= .003), fewer cigarettes smoked per day (1.50 vs 2.50; P= .10), and fewer days having consumed alcohol in the last 6 months (1.09 vs 2.49; P = .03). Parents of nurse-visited children reported that their children had fewer behavioral problems related to use of alcohol and other drugs (0.15 vs 0.34; P = .08). There were no program effects on other behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS: This program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses can reduce reported serious antisocial behavior and emergent use of substances on the part of adolescents born into high-risk families.}, keywords = {*Community Health Nursing, *Maternal-Child Nursing, Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology/*prevention \& control, Crime/*prevention \& control/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls, Humans, Incidence, Infant, New York/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Rural Health, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {0098-7484 (Print)
0098-7484}, doi = {10.1001/jama.280.14.1238}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188048}, author = {Olds, D. and Henderson, C. R., Jr. and Cole, R. and Eckenrode, J. and Kitzman, H. and Luckey, D. and Pettitt, L. and Sidora, K. and Morris, P. and Powers, J.} } @article {453, title = {Long-term consequences of neonatal rearing on central corticotropin-releasing factor systems in adult male rat offspring.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {30}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Dec}, pages = {2192-204}, abstract = {

In a series of studies on the long-term consequences of neonatal rearing, we compared hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems in male rats reared under conditions of animal facility rearing, nonhandling (HMS0), handling with brief maternal separation for 15 min (HMS15), or handling with moderate maternal separation for 180 min (HMS180) daily from postnatal days 2-14. CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRFir) was elevated in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of adult HMS180 and HMS0 rats relative to the other groups. In the paraventricular nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and locus coeruleus, CRFir and CRF mRNA levels were significantly elevated in HMS0 and HMS180 rats. Neonatal maternal separation was associated with regionally specific alterations in CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) mRNA density in HMS180 rats. No rearing-associated differences in CRF2alpha binding were apparent in either the lateral septum or the ventromedial hypothalamus. These findings indicate that early rearing conditions can permanently alter the developmental set-point of central CRF systems, and potentially influence the expression of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress throughout life, thereby providing a possible neurobiological substrate for the relationship between early life events and increased vulnerability for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and coping skill alterations and the frequency of mood disorders in patients with a history of such experiences.

}, keywords = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Hypothalamus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, In Situ Hybridization, Male, Physical Stimulation, Pregnancy, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Reflex, Startle, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0893-133X}, doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1300769}, author = {Plotsky, Paul M and Thrivikraman, K V and Nemeroff, Charles B and Caldji, Christian and Sharma, Shakti and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {7426, title = {Landscape Analysis of Early Childhood Development and Education in Emergencies}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-03-2022}, pages = {138}, keywords = {early childhood development, ECD;education in emergencies, EiE, landscape analysis, priority-setting processes, scoping review}, doi = {10.33682/0q2h-gbrh10.33682/w69a-bhpt}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/63605}, author = {Ponguta, L.A. and Moore, K. and Varghese, D. and Hein, S. and Ng, A. and Alzaghoul, A.F. and Benavides Camacho, M.A. and Sethi, K. and Al-Soleiti, M.} } @article {5341, title = {Latency development in children of primary nurturing fathers. Eight-year follow-up}, journal = {Psychoanal Study Child}, volume = {47}, year = {1992}, note = {Pruett, K D
Litzenberger, B
eng
1992/01/01 00:00
Psychoanal Study Child. 1992;47:85-101.}, pages = {85-101}, abstract = {This paper is an 8-year follow-up of 17 families in which fathers began as primary caretakers early in the lives of their children. The emphasis is on the developmental consequences for the children, now in the latency period, as well as their psychological experience of the father{\textquoteright}s increased significance.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, *Latency Period (Psychology), *Personality Development, *Psychoanalytic Theory, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Identification (Psychology), Infant, Male, Parenting/*psychology}, isbn = {0079-7308 (Print)
0079-7308 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D. and Litzenberger, B.} } @article {688, title = {Lessons Learned From the Supporting Father Involvement Study: A Cross-Cultural Preventive Intervention for Low-Income Families With Young Children}, journal = {Journal of Social Service Research}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, month = {2009/03/04}, pages = {163-179}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT Despite the proliferation of fatherhood programs designed to promote paternal involvement and positive family outcomes, evaluations of these programs are scarce. The Supporting Father Involvement (SFI) study is a randomized clinical trial comprised of 289 low-income Spanish- and English-speaking families living in California. The evaluation design reflects a partnership stance that promotes empowerment of staff and social service agencies. This article examines lessons learned from the program\&$\#$39;s first 3 years (2002?2004) from the perspectives of both evaluators and program staff. The lessons cover a broad range of areas, including communication procedures, training, staffing, recruitment/retention, clinical needs, intervention content and process, and maintaining cultural sensitivity.

}, isbn = {0148-8376}, doi = {10.1080/01488370802678942}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A. and Pruett, K. D.} } @article {4806, title = {Long term mental health outcomes of Finnish children evacuated to Swedish families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings: cohort study}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {350}, year = {2015}, note = {Santavirta, Torsten
Santavirta, Nina
Betancourt, Theresa S
Gilman, Stephen E
eng
R01 MH087544/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
MH087544/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Historical Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/01/09 06:00
BMJ. 2015 Jan 5;350:g7753.}, month = {Jan 5}, pages = {g7753}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare the risks of admission to hospital for any type of psychiatric disorder and for four specific psychiatric disorders among adults who as children were evacuated to Swedish foster families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings, and to evaluate whether these risks differ between the sexes. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: National child evacuation scheme in Finland during the second world war. PARTICIPANTS: Children born in Finland between 1933 and 1944 who were later included in a 10\% sample of the 1950 Finnish census ascertained in 1997 (n = 45,463; women: n = 22,021; men: n = 23,442). Evacuees in the sample were identified from war time government records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adults admitted to hospital for psychiatric disorders recorded between 1971 and 2011 in the Finnish hospital discharge register. METHODS: We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between evacuation to temporary foster care in Sweden during the second world war and admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder between ages 38 and 78 years. Fixed effects methods were employed to control for all unobserved social and genetic characteristics shared among siblings. RESULTS: Among men and women combined, the risk of admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder did not differ between Finnish adults evacuated to Swedish foster families and their non-evacuated siblings (hazard ratio 0.89, 95\% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.26). Evidence suggested a lower risk of admission for any mental disorder (0.67, 0.44 to 1.03) among evacuated men, whereas for women there was no association between evacuation and the overall risk of admission for a psychiatric disorder (1.21, 0.80 to 1.83). When admissions for individual psychiatric disorders were analyzed, evacuated girls were significantly more likely than their non-evacuated sisters to be admitted to hospital for a mood disorder as an adult (2.19, 1.10 to 4.33). CONCLUSIONS: The Finnish evacuation policy was not associated with an increased overall risk of admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder in adulthood among former evacuees. In fact, evacuation was associated with a marginally reduced risk of admission for any psychiatric disorder among men. Among women who had been evacuated, however, the risk of being admitted to hospital for a mood disorder was increased.}, keywords = {*World War II, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland/epidemiology, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Hospitalization/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Policy Making, Proportional Hazards Models, Refugees/*psychology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Siblings/*psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden/epidemiology}, isbn = {1756-1833 (Electronic)
0959-8138 (Linking)}, author = {Santavirta, T. and Santavirta, N. and Betancourt, T. S. and Gilman, S. E.} } @article {4091, title = {Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions.}, journal = {Emotion}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Dec}, pages = {1314-21}, abstract = {

Periods of bond formation are accompanied by physiological and emotional changes, yet, little is known about the effects of falling in love on the individual{\textquoteright}s physiological response to emotions. We examined autonomic reactivity to the presentation of negative and positive films in 112 young adults, including 57 singles and 55 new lovers who began a romantic relationship 2.5 months prior to the experiment Autonomic reactivity was measured by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) to two baseline emotionally neutral films, two negative films, and two positive films. Results demonstrated that RSA in singles decreased during the presentation of negative emotions, indicating physiological stress response. However, no such decrease was found among new lovers, pointing to more optimal vagal regulation during the period of falling in love. Autonomic reactivity, indexed by RSA decrease from the positive to the negative films, was greater among singles as compared to lovers, suggesting that love buffers against autonomic stress and facilitates emotion regulation. Findings suggest that vagal regulation may be one mechanism through which love and attachment reduce stress and promote well-being and health.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Emotions, Female, Humans, Love, Male, Personality Inventory, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Physiological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1931-1516}, doi = {10.1037/a0024090}, author = {Schneiderman, I. and Zilberstein-Kra, Y. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {7640, title = {Leveraging Caregivers to Provide Remote Early Childhood Education in Hard-to-Access Settings in Lebanon: Impacts From a Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness}, year = {2024}, month = {Feb-04-2026}, pages = {1 - 31}, abstract = {

This paper presents impact findings from a three-arm randomized controlled trial of 1) a brief remote early learning program (RELP) and 2) RELP plus a remote parenting support program entitled Ahlan Simsim Families (ASF), compared to a waitlist control group. Participants are 5\–6-year-olds and their families and are 96\% Syrian refugees. All live in hard-to-access areas of Lebanon with few early childhood education (ECE) opportunities. RELP is an 11-week, 31-session program delivered via WhatsApp calls and messages. Remote sessions, 35\–40\ minutes each, consist of 5\–6 caregivers/children and focus on supporting caregivers in implementing ECE curriculum with their children outside of class. ASF consists of 11 sessions (25\–30\ minutes once a week) and covers responsive relationships, early learning, and safety/security. We find large impacts on overall child development, literacy, numeracy, child play, and reported learning interactions (ES: 0.26\–0.52) for both treatment arms; on motor and social-emotional skills for RELP only (ES: 0.21\–0.36); and on reported spanking for RELP\ +\ ASF (twice as likely to say not in past month). Impacts are smaller in magnitude (for all but child play), though not significantly different, when ASF is added.

}, keywords = {brief ECE, refugee population, Remote ECE, remote IDELA, spartially nested models}, issn = {1934-5747}, doi = {10.1080/19345747.2024.2334841}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19345747.2024.2334841}, author = {Schwartz, Kate and Michael, Duja and Torossian, Lina and Hajal, Diala and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Abdulrazzak, Somaia and Youssef, Jamile and Sloane, Phoebe and Hashwe, Siwar and Foulds, Kim and Bowden, Brooks and Hoyer, Kayla and Lee, Sangyoo and Haywood, Athena and Behrman, Jere} } @book {552, title = {Lifetime Effects: The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 40}, year = {2005}, publisher = {High/Scope Press}, organization = {High/Scope Press}, isbn = {9781573792523}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=i41HAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Schweinhart, L.J. and J. Montie and Z. Xiang and W. S.. Barnett and C. R. Belfield and M. Nores} } @article {5932, title = {The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {129}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, note = {1098-4275
Shonkoff, Jack P
Garner, Andrew S
Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health
Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care
Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Journal Article
United States
Pediatrics. 2012 Jan;129(1):e232-46. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2663. Epub 2011 Dec 26.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {e232-46}, edition = {2011/12/28}, abstract = {Advances in fields of inquiry as diverse as neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, developmental psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and economics are catalyzing an important paradigm shift in our understanding of health and disease across the lifespan. This converging, multidisciplinary science of human development has profound implications for our ability to enhance the life prospects of children and to strengthen the social and economic fabric of society. Drawing on these multiple streams of investigation, this report presents an ecobiodevelopmental framework that illustrates how early experiences and environmental influences can leave a lasting signature on the genetic predispositions that affect emerging brain architecture and long-term health. The report also examines extensive evidence of the disruptive impacts of toxic stress, offering intriguing insights into causal mechanisms that link early adversity to later impairments in learning, behavior, and both physical and mental well-being. The implications of this framework for the practice of medicine, in general, and pediatrics, specifically, are potentially transformational. They suggest that many adult diseases should be viewed as developmental disorders that begin early in life and that persistent health disparities associated with poverty, discrimination, or maltreatment could be reduced by the alleviation of toxic stress in childhood. An ecobiodevelopmental framework also underscores the need for new thinking about the focus and boundaries of pediatric practice. It calls for pediatricians to serve as both front-line guardians of healthy child development and strategically positioned, community leaders to inform new science-based strategies that build strong foundations for educational achievement, economic productivity, responsible citizenship, and lifelong health.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Welfare, *Health Promotion, Adult, Brain/physiopathology, Child, Preschool, Humans, Pediatrics, Physician{\textquoteright}s Role, Psychology, Child, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological/complications/*physiopathology}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2011-2663}, author = {Shonkoff, J. P. and Garner, A. S. and Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child Family Health} } @article {6500, title = {Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for tackling the climate crisis. From uniting behind the science to the power of small actions}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {climate crisis, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/stories/lessons-covid-19-pandemic-tackling-climate-crisis?fbclid=IwAR14pOhprRPB0nlh0hpkSNPieKXUFWyunDjbR78yDYrOAirWCqOD8cbObHM}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6043, title = {Learning for Peace narratives from the field: A compendium of programme statistics 2012/2016}, year = {2018}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {conflict resolution, early childhood development, peacebuilding, resilience, risk-informed education, Social cohesion, Unicef{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding Education and Advocacy Programme (PBEA), youth empowerment}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/PBEA_case_study_compendium-online-final.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3356, title = {The links between Equity, Governance, Education and Peacebuilding in Kenya}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, type = {Research Report Prepared for UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Equity__Governance__Education_and_Peacebuilding_in_Kenya_.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7266, title = {Lebanon: Children{\textquoteright}s future on the line}, year = {2021}, month = {June 2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {Beirut, COVID-19, Displaced persons, early childhood care and education, early childhood development, governance and policy, Humanitarianism, Lebanon, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/6541/file}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5096, title = {Long-term effects of early childhood programs on social outcomes and delinquency}, journal = {Future Child}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, note = {Yoshikawa, H
eng
Review
1995/01/01 00:00
Future Child. 1995 Winter;5(3):51-75.}, month = {Winter}, pages = {51-75}, abstract = {The search for ways to prevent juvenile crime in the United States has become a matter of national urgency, as the incidence of serious offenses continues to rise. Most prevention initiatives focus on late childhood or adolescence. Such initiatives may be missing an important additional opportunity to intervene earlier in children{\textquoteright}s lives. This review of literature from criminology, psychology, and education shows that there exist key early childhood factors which are associated with later antisocial or delinquent behavior and that early childhood programs which seek to ameliorate the effects of those factors can prevent later antisocial or delinquent behavior. In particular, the review focuses on programs which have demonstrated long-term effects on antisocial behavior or delinquency. These programs have in common a combination of intensive family support and early education services, and effects on a broad range of child and family risk factors for delinquency. Moreover, there is promising evidence of their cost-effectiveness. As one element in a comprehensive plan to address poverty and other environmental causes of crime, programs combining family support with early education show promise in lessening the current devastating impact of delinquency on America{\textquoteright}s children and families.}, keywords = {*Personality Development, *Social Adjustment, Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder/prevention \& control/psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Crime/prevention \& control/psychology/trends, Early Intervention (Education)/*trends, Family Therapy/trends, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, Juvenile Delinquency/*prevention \& control/psychology/trends, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), United States}, isbn = {1054-8289 (Print)
1054-8289 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6091, title = {LEAPS: a strategy to benefit young children and youth}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, Pakistan, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), youth development}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/2019/leaps-a-strategy-to-benefit-young-children-and-youth/}, author = {Yousafzai, A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Siyal, S. and Franchett, E. and Sudfeld, C. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, C. and Fink, G.} } @article {6005, title = {Leaving the youngest behind: Declining aid to early childhood education}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {children at risk, Early childhood education, pre-primary education}, url = {https://theirworld.org/resources/detail/leaving-the-youngest-behind}, author = {Zubairi, A. and Rose, P. and Moriarty, K.} }