@inbook {559, title = {Infant Development and Mother-Infant Interaction among Ganda and American Families}, booktitle = {Culture and Infancy: Variations in the Human Experience}, year = {1977}, pages = {119-149}, publisher = {Academic Press}, organization = {Academic Press}, address = {New York}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Culture_and_infancy.html?id=vUqBAAAAMAAJ}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth}, editor = {P. H. Leiderman et al.} } @book {475, title = {Infancy in Uganda: Infant Care and the Growth of Love}, year = {1967}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins Univ. Press}, organization = {Johns Hopkins Univ. Press}, address = {Blatimore}, url = {http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/citation.do?method=citation\&forward=browseAuthorsFullContext\&id=fk07-018}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth} } @article {4741, title = {Improving Mental Health Outcomes of Burmese Migrant and Displaced Children in Thailand: a Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parenting and Family Skills Intervention}, journal = {Prev Sci}, volume = {18}, number = {7}, year = {2017}, note = {Annan, Jeannie
Sim, Amanda
Puffer, Eve S
Salhi, Carmel
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
2016/11/20 06:00
Prev Sci. 2017 Oct;18(7):793-803. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0728-2.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {793-803}, abstract = {The negative effects of displacement and poverty on child mental health are well-known, yet research on prevention interventions in low- and middle-income countries, especially fragile states, remains limited. We examined the effectiveness of a parenting skills intervention on mental health outcomes among Burmese migrant and displaced children living in 20 communities in Thailand. Participants were primary caregivers and children aged 7 to 15 years (n = 479 families). Families were randomly assigned to receive an adapted version of the Strengthening Families Program (n = 240) or a wait-list control condition (n = 239). Assessments were conducted at baseline and 1-month post-intervention for both conditions and at 6 months for treatment group only. One month after the program, children in the treatment condition showed significant reductions in externalizing problems (caregiver effect size (ES) -0.22, p = 0.02; child report ES -0.11, p = 0.02) and child attention problems compared with controls (caregiver report ES -0.23, p = 0.03). There was no significant treatment effect on children{\textquoteright}s internalizing problems (ES -0.06; p = 0.31). Children reported a significant increase in prosocial protective factors relative to controls (ES 0.20, p < 0.01). Results suggest that an evidence-based parenting skills intervention adapted for a displaced and migrant Burmese population facing high levels of adversity can have positive effects on children{\textquoteright}s externalizing symptoms and protective psychosocial factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01829815.}, keywords = {*Family, *Parenting, Adolescent, Child, Cultural Characteristics, Displacement, Female, Humans, Low and middle income countries, Male, Mental Health, Migrants, Myanmar, Parenting, Thailand, Transients and Migrants/*psychology}, isbn = {1573-6695 (Electronic)
1389-4986 (Linking)}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0728-2}, author = {Annan, J. and Sim, A. and Puffer, E. S. and Salhi, C. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @book {486, title = {The Indescribable and the Undiscussable: Reconstructing Human Discourse After Trauma}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Central European University Press}, organization = {Central European University Press}, isbn = {9789639116337}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=V1-GSttJrmoC}, author = {Bar-On, D.} } @article {374, title = {Impact of an educational intervention on caregivers{\textquoteright} beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of shaken baby syndrome.}, journal = {Acad Pediatr}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Nov-Dec}, pages = {481-6}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of traumatic infant death. We examined whether the message about not shaking an infant should be included in the newborn anticipatory guidance provided by pediatric residents. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention (Take 5 Safety Plan for Crying) delivered by pediatric residents at newborn hospital discharge on beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS among caregivers of young infants being treated in an urban primary care center.

METHODS: Structured interviews were done in one convenience sample of caregivers before (historical control group) and in a second set of different caregivers after (intervention group) an educational intervention was implemented at hospital discharge. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted associations between the intervention and caregivers\&$\#$39; beliefs/knowledge.

RESULTS: One hundred ten caregivers were in the historical control group and 112 in the intervention group. The intervention group had more mothers and the infants were younger. Controlling for these differences, intervention group caregivers were more likely to state they would take a break if frustrated with infant crying (OR 3.10, 95\% CI, 1.62-5.93), were more likely to state frustration caused infant shaking (OR 2.21, 95\% CI, 1.20-4.20), and to state their knowledge of SBS was from hospital staff (OR 3.39, 95\% CI, 1.61-4.20).

CONCLUSION: This targeted postpartum intervention incorporated into newborn anticipatory guidance can influence caregivers\&$\#$39; beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS.

}, keywords = {Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Caregivers, Child Abuse, Connecticut, Crying, Guideline Adherence, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant Behavior, Infant, Newborn, Interviews as Topic, Logistic Models, Male, Parents, Patient Education as Topic, Pediatrics, Shaken Baby Syndrome, Young Adult}, issn = {1876-2867}, doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2011.08.001}, author = {Bechtel, Kirsten and Le, Kim and Martin, Kimberly D and Shah, Niyati and Leventhal, John M and Colson, Eve} } @article {646, title = {The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Mexican PROGRESA Anti-Poverty and Human Resource Investment Conditional Cash}, journal = {World DevelopmentWorld DevelopmentWorld Development}, volume = {38}, number = {10}, year = {2010}, note = {Sp. Iss. SI
670ec
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:20}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1473-1485}, abstract = {

The Mexican PROGRESA/Oportunidades anti-poverty and human resource conditional cash transfer (CCT) program has influenced considerably policies in many countries. The Mexican government engaged the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to undertake the initial evaluation of PROGRESA/Oportunidades. This paper considers:
(1) Was the PROGRESA program design influenced by prior IFPRI research?
(2) Why was IFPRI chosen to undertake the initial impact evaluation of PROGRESA?
(3) How did the IFPRI evaluation of PROGRESA contribute to the program?
(4) Were there spillovers of the IFPRI evaluation of PROGRESA?
It concludes that estimated benefit cost ratios of IFPRI\&$\#$39;s evaluation of PROGESA considerably exceed one. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {conditional cash transfers, ifpri, latin america, mexico, progresa/oportunidades, project evaluation}, isbn = {0305-750x}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.06.007}, author = {Behrman, J. R.} } @article {5863, title = {The intergenerational transmission of parenting: introduction to the special section}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {1939-0599
Belsky, Jay
Conger, Rand
Capaldi, Deborah M
R01 HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Introductory Journal Article
United States
Dev Psychol. 2009 Sep;45(5):1201-4. doi: 10.1037/a0016245.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1201-4}, edition = {2009/08/26}, abstract = {Long-standing interest in the intergenerational transmission of parenting has stimulated work focused on child maltreatment, harsh parenting, and warm-supportive rearing. In addition to documenting significant, even if modest, continuity in parenting across generations, research in this area has addressed questions of mediation and moderation. This special section extends work in this general area, with 2 studies further chronicling intergenerational transmission and 3 further illuminating mechanisms through which parenting in 1 generation is repeated in a subsequent generation. Lacking, however, is high-quality work highlighting the conditions under which parenting is not transmitted across generations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Negotiating, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0016245}, author = {Belsky, J. and Conger, R. and Capaldi, D. M.} } @article {4811, title = {The intergenerational effect of war}, journal = {JAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
2015/01/08 06:00
JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):199-200. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2669.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {199-200}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Warfare, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Humans, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {2168-6238 (Electronic)
2168-622X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {272, title = {Interventions for children affected by war: an ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care.}, journal = {Harv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {21}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {70-91}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. To date, a range of psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric interventions has been used to address mental health needs in these groups.

AIMS: To provide an overview of peer-reviewed psychosocial and mental health interventions designed to address mental health needs of conflict-affected children, and to highlight areas in which policy and research need strengthening.

METHODS: We used standard review methodology to identify interventions aimed at improving or treating mental health problems in conflict-affected youth. An ecological lens was used to organize studies according to the individual, family, peer/school, and community factors targeted by each intervention. Interventions were also evaluated for their orientation toward prevention, treatment, or maintenance, and for the strength of the scientific evidence of reported effects.

RESULTS: Of 2305 studies returned from online searches of the literature and 21 sources identified through bibliography mining, 58 qualified for full review, with 40 peer-reviewed studies included in the final narrative synthesis. Overall, the peer-reviewed literature focused largely on school-based interventions. Very few family and community-based interventions have been empirically evaluated. Only two studies assessed multilevel or stepped-care packages.

CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base on effective and efficacious interventions for conflict-affected youth requires strengthening. Postconflict development agendas must be retooled to target the vulnerabilities characterizing conflict-affected youth, and these approaches must be collaborative across bodies responsible for the care of youth and families.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy, War}, issn = {1465-7309}, doi = {10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E and Charrow, Alexandra P and Tol, Wietse A} } @article {4801, title = {The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {56}, number = {10}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan K
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/02/11 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;56(10):1101-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12389. Epub 2015 Feb 9.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1101-7}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trauma from witnessing events such as bombings and killings as well as direct victimization or participation in violence has been associated with psychosocial distress and poor mental health among war-exposed children and adolescents. This study examines the relationship between caregiver mental health and child internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms over a 4-year period in postconflict Sierra Leone. METHODS: The sample included 118 adolescent Sierra Leonean youth (73\% male; mean age = 16.5 years at Time 1) and their caregivers (40\% male; mean age = 39.0 at Time 1). To measure depression and anxiety symptoms, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used with adults and the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment - previously validated for use with children and adolescents in the region - was used to assess youth. A multivariate hierarchical linear model (HLM) for studying change within dyads was implemented to study covariation in internalizing symptoms among caregivers and youth over time; these models also included covariates at the individual, family and community levels. The relationship of caregiver mental health to child{\textquoteright}s internalizing was tested in a latent variable extension of the HLM. RESULTS: The latent variable extension estimated that a one standard deviation (SD) change in caregiver anxiety/depression was associated with a .43 SD change in youth internalizing (p < .01) over the 4-year period. Family acceptance was negatively related to youth internalizing (p < .001), while community stigma was positively associated (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight an important interplay between caregiver and child mental health within the postconflict setting and the need for psychosocial interventions to extend beyond the individual to account for family dynamics.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety/*psychology, Caregivers/psychology, Child, Depression, Depression/*psychology, dyadic analysis, Family Relations/psychology, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, intergenerational, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Psychological Trauma/*psychology, Sierra Leone, Social Stigma, War, Warfare and Armed Conflicts/*psychology}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. K. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4926, title = {Interrelatedness of child health, protection and well-being: an application of the SAFE model in Rwanda}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {74}, number = {10}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Williams, Timothy P
Kellner, Sarah E
Gebre-Medhin, Joy
Hann, Katrina
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
eng
England
2012/03/31 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2012 May;74(10):1504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.030. Epub 2012 Mar 9.}, month = {May}, pages = {1504-11}, abstract = {This study examines the core components of children{\textquoteright}s basic security and well-being in order to examine issues central to improving child protection in Rwanda. Sources of data included 15 focus groups with adults, 7 focus groups with children ages 10-17, and 11 key informant interviews with child protection stakeholders, including representatives from international NGOs, community-based groups, and the Rwandan Government, all of which took place in April and May of 2010. Participants painted a complex picture of threats to children{\textquoteright}s basic security in Rwanda. Three key themes were pervasive across all interviews: (1) deterioration of social and community cohesion in post-genocide Rwanda; (2) the cascading effects of poverty; and (3) the impact of caregiver illness and death on the caregiving environment. Consistent with the SAFE (Safety/freedom from harm; Access to basic physiological needs and healthcare; Family and connection to others; Education and economic security) model of child protection, participants rarely elaborated on a child protection threat independent of other basic security needs and rights. Findings suggest a need for integrated approaches to child protection that recognize this interrelatedness and extend beyond issue-specific child protection responses. This study contributes to a growing body of work highlighting the interrelated nature of child protection threats and the implications of adaptive and dangerous survival strategies that children and families engage in to meet their basic security needs. Analysis of this interrelatedness provides a roadmap for improving policies and implementing integrated and robust child protection strategies in Rwanda and other settings.}, keywords = {*Caregivers, *Child Welfare, *Poverty, *Social Environment, *Social Problems, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Orphaned, Critical Illness, Focus Groups, HIV Infections/complications/psychology, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Rwanda, Safety}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Williams, T. P. and Kellner, S. E. and Gebre-Medhin, J. and Hann, K. and Kayiteshonga, Y.} } @article {4781, title = {Identifying Priorities for Mental Health Interventions in War-Affected Youth: A Longitudinal Study}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {136}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Gilman, Stephen E
Brennan, Robert T
Zahn, Ista
VanderWeele, Tyler J
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01ES017876/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/
R01HD073349-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/07/08 06:00
Pediatrics. 2015 Aug;136(2):e344-50. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1521. Epub 2015 Jul 6.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e344-50}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: War-affected youth often suffer from multiple co-occurring mental health problems. These youth often live in low-resource settings where it may be infeasible to provide mental health services that simultaneously address all of these co-occurring mental health issues. It is therefore important to identify the areas where targeted interventions would do the most good. METHODS: This analysis uses observational data from 3 waves of a longitudinal study on mental health in a sample of 529 war-affected youth (24.2\% female; ages 10-17 at T1, 2002) in Sierra Leone. We regressed 4 mental health outcomes at T3 (2008) on internalizing (depression/anxiety) and externalizing (hostility/aggression) problems and prosocial attitudes/behaviors and community variables at T2 (2004) controlling for demographics, war exposures, and previous mental health scores at T1, allowing us to assess the relative impact of potential mental health intervention targets in shaping mental health outcomes over time. RESULTS: Controlling for baseline covariates at T1 and all other exposures/potential intervention targets at T2, we observed a significant association between internalizing problems at T2 and 3 of the 4 outcomes at T3: internalizing (beta = 0.27, 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.42), prosocial attitudes (beta = -0.20, 95\% CI: -0.33 to -0.07) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (beta = 0.22, 95\% CI: 0.02-0.43). No other potential intervention target had similar substantial effects. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in internalizing may have multiple benefits for other mental health outcomes at a later point in time, even after controlling for confounding variables.}, keywords = {*Health Priorities, *Mental Health Services, *Needs Assessment, *Warfare, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*therapy, Sierra Leone}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Gilman, S. E. and Brennan, R. T. and Zahn, I. and VanderWeele, T. J.} } @article {4866, title = {Interventions for children affected by war: an ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care}, journal = {Harv Rev PsychiatryHarv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {21}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Charrow, Alexandra P
Tol, Wietse A
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Review
2013/05/10 06:00
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2013 Mar-Apr;21(2):70-91. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {70-91}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. To date, a range of psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric interventions has been used to address mental health needs in these groups. AIMS: To provide an overview of peer-reviewed psychosocial and mental health interventions designed to address mental health needs of conflict-affected children, and to highlight areas in which policy and research need strengthening. METHODS: We used standard review methodology to identify interventions aimed at improving or treating mental health problems in conflict-affected youth. An ecological lens was used to organize studies according to the individual, family, peer/school, and community factors targeted by each intervention. Interventions were also evaluated for their orientation toward prevention, treatment, or maintenance, and for the strength of the scientific evidence of reported effects. RESULTS: Of 2305 studies returned from online searches of the literature and 21 sources identified through bibliography mining, 58 qualified for full review, with 40 peer-reviewed studies included in the final narrative synthesis. Overall, the peer-reviewed literature focused largely on school-based interventions. Very few family and community-based interventions have been empirically evaluated. Only two studies assessed multilevel or stepped-care packages. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base on effective and efficacious interventions for conflict-affected youth requires strengthening. Postconflict development agendas must be retooled to target the vulnerabilities characterizing conflict-affected youth, and these approaches must be collaborative across bodies responsible for the care of youth and families.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders/etiology/prevention \& control/*therapy, Mental Health Services/*standards, Psychotherapy/methods/*standards}, isbn = {1465-7309 (Electronic)
1067-3229 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Charrow, A. P. and Tol, W. A.} } @article {5426, title = {Investment in early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {384}, number = {9950}, year = {2014}, note = {Black, Maureen M
Hurley, Kristen M
eng
Comment
England
2014/06/21 06:00
Lancet. 2014 Oct 4;384(9950):1244-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60607-3. Epub 2014 Jun 16.}, month = {Oct 4}, pages = {1244-5}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/*organization \& administration, Female, Growth/*physiology, Health Promotion/*organization \& administration, Humans, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology, Male}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Black, M. M. and Hurley, K. M.} } @article {279, title = {Individual development and evolution: experiential canalization of self-regulation.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {647-57}, abstract = {

In this article, we contrast evolutionary and psychobiological models of individual development to address the idea that individual development occurring in prototypically risky and unsupportive environments can be understood as adaptation. We question traditional evolutionary explanations of individual development, calling on the principle of probabilistic epigenesis to suggest that individual development resulting from the combined activity of genes and environments is best understood to precede rather than follow from evolutionary change. Specifically, we focus on the ways in which experience shapes the development of stress response physiology, with implications for individual development and intergenerational transmission of reactive, as opposed to reflective, phenotypes. In doing so, we describe results from several analyses conducted with a longitudinal data set of 1,292 children and their primary caregivers followed from birth. Our results indicate that the effects of poverty on stress response physiology and on the development of the self-regulation of behavior represent instances of the experiential canalization of development with implications for understanding the genesis and \"adaptiveness\" of risk behavior.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Child, Environment, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Risk-Taking, Social Control, Informal}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0026472}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Raver, C Cybele} } @article {291, title = {Intrusive images in psychological disorders: characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications.}, journal = {Psychol Rev}, volume = {117}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan}, pages = {210-32}, abstract = {

Involuntary images and visual memories are prominent in many types of psychopathology. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, and psychosis frequently report repeated visual intrusions corresponding to a small number of real or imaginary events, usually extremely vivid, detailed, and with highly distressing content. Both memory and imagery appear to rely on common networks involving medial prefrontal regions, posterior regions in the medial and lateral parietal cortices, the lateral temporal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe. Evidence from cognitive psychology and neuroscience implies distinct neural bases to abstract, flexible, contextualized representations (C-reps) and to inflexible, sensory-bound representations (S-reps). We revise our previous dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder to place it within a neural systems model of healthy memory and imagery. The revised model is used to explain how the different types of distressing visual intrusions associated with clinical disorders arise, in terms of the need for correct interaction between the neural systems supporting S-reps and C-reps via visuospatial working memory. Finally, we discuss the treatment implications of the new model and relate it to existing forms of psychological therapy.

}, keywords = {Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Imagination, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Temporal Lobe}, issn = {1939-1471}, doi = {10.1037/a0018113}, author = {Brewin, Chris R and Gregory, James D and Lipton, Michelle and Burgess, Neil} } @article {299, title = {Informal social support interventions and their role in violence prevention: an agenda for future evaluation.}, journal = {J Interpers Violence}, volume = {19}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Mar}, pages = {341-55}, abstract = {

There is increasing interest among policymakers and practitioners in tapping the potential of family, friends, volunteers, peer support groups, and mutual aid organizations to help prevent violence. The popularity of these informal social support (ISS) interventions stems, in part, from their flexibility, responsiveness to individual needs, and perceived low cost. However, there is still limited understanding of whether and how ISS interventions can improve social support, reduce violence, or save money. Furthermore, mobilizing and sustaining ISS interventions appears to be difficult, particularly for families living in high-risk environments. Rigorous and creative evaluations of ISS interventions are needed to inform policy decisions and refine program development and implementation. Focusing on the field of child maltreatment, we describe different kinds of ISS interventions and outline an evaluation agenda that includes core research questions and evaluation challenges and strategies.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Humans, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Program Evaluation, Social Support, United States, Violence}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/0886260503261157}, author = {Budde, Stephen and Schene, Patricia} } @article {301, title = {Individual differences underlying susceptibility to addiction: Role for the endogenous oxytocin system.}, journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav}, volume = {119}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {22-38}, abstract = {

Recent research shows that the effects of oxytocin are more diverse than initially thought and that in some cases oxytocin can directly influence the response to drugs and alcohol. Large individual differences in basal oxytocin levels and reactivity of the oxytocin system exist. This paper will review the literature to explore how individual differences in the oxytocin system arise and examine the hypothesis that this may mediate some of the individual differences in susceptibility to addiction and relapse. Differences in the oxytocin system can be based on individual factors, e.g. genetic variation especially in the oxytocin receptor, age or gender, or be the result of early environmental influences such as social experiences, stress or trauma. The paper addresses the factors that cause individual differences in the oxytocin system and the environmental factors that have been identified to induce long-term changes in the developing oxytocin system during different life phases. Individual differences in the oxytocin system can influence effects of drugs and alcohol directly or indirectly. The oxytocin system has bidirectional interactions with the stress-axis, autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitter systems (e.g. dopamine, serotonin and GABA/glutamate) and the immune system. These systems are all important, even vital, in different phases of addiction. It is suggested that early life adversity can change the development of the oxytocin system and the way it modulates other systems. This in turn could minimise the negative feedback loops that would normally exist. Individuals may show only minor differences in behaviour and function unless subsequent stressors or drug use challenges the system. It is postulated that at that time individual differences in oxytocin levels, reactivity of the system or interactions with other systems can influence general resilience, drug effects and the susceptibility to develop problematic drug and alcohol use.

}, keywords = {Animals, Disease Susceptibility, Oxytocin, Substance-Related Disorders}, issn = {1873-5177}, doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.005}, author = {Buisman-Pijlman, Femke T A and Sumracki, Nicole M and Gordon, Jake J and Hull, Philip R and Carter, C Sue and Tops, Mattie} } @article {5521, title = {Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {391}, number = {10121}, year = {2018}, note = {Bundy, Donald A P
de Silva, Nilanthi
Horton, Susan
Patton, George C
Schultz, Linda
Jamison, Dean T
eng
Review
England
2017/11/21 06:00
Lancet. 2018 Feb 17;391(10121):687-699. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32417-0. Epub 2017 Nov 16.}, month = {Feb 17}, pages = {687-699}, abstract = {The realisation of human potential for development requires age-specific investment throughout the 8000 days of childhood and adolescence. Focus on the first 1000 days is an essential but insufficient investment. Intervention is also required in three later phases: the middle childhood growth and consolidation phase (5-9 years), when infection and malnutrition constrain growth, and mortality is higher than previously recognised; the adolescent growth spurt (10-14 years), when substantial changes place commensurate demands on good diet and health; and the adolescent phase of growth and consolidation (15-19 years), when new responses are needed to support brain maturation, intense social engagement, and emotional control. Two cost-efficient packages, one delivered through schools and one focusing on later adolescence, would provide phase-specific support across the life cycle, securing the gains of investment in the first 1000 days, enabling substantial catch-up from early growth failure, and leveraging improved learning from concomitant education investments.}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Bundy, D. A. P. and de Silva, N. and Horton, S. and Patton, G. C. and Schultz, L. and Jamison, D. T. and Disease Control Priorities, Child and Adolescent, Health and Development Authors, Group} } @article {7436, title = {Identifying and Minimizing Errors in the Measurement of Early Childhood Development: Lessons Learned from the Cognitive Testing of the ECDI2030}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-11-2021}, pages = {12181}, abstract = {

Early Childhood Development Index 2030
A New Tool to Measure SDG Indicator 4.2.1
}, keywords = {cognitive testing, cultural relevance, early childhood, questionnaire design}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph182212181}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12181}, author = {Cappa, Claudia and Petrowski, Nicole and De Castro, Elga Filipa and Geisen, Emily and LeBaron, Patricia and Allen-Leigh, Betania and Place, Jean Marie and Scanlon, Paul J.} } @article {6583, title = {An initial guide to leveraging the power of social emotional learning > As you prepare to reopen and renew your school community}, year = {2020}, publisher = {CASEL}, keywords = {COVID-19, Schools, social emotional learning}, url = {https://casel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CASEL_Leveraging-SEL-as-You-Prepare-to-Reopen-and-Renew.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1ilgwtg9uEM1YSpl8BgpPbxxJn04w_wL3CKhctIbU_2lUehC8UGXF0Tos}, author = {CASEL} } @article {327, title = {Interplay between social experiences and the genome: epigenetic consequences for behavior.}, journal = {Adv Genet}, volume = {77}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {33-57}, abstract = {

Social experiences can have a persistent effect on biological processes leading to phenotypic diversity. Variation in gene regulation has emerged as a mechanism through which the interplay between DNA and environments leads to the biological encoding of these experiences. Epigenetic modifications-molecular pathways through which transcription is altered without altering the underlying DNA sequence-play a critical role in the normal process of development and are being increasingly explored as a mechanism linking environmental experiences to long-term biobehavioral outcomes. In this review, evidence implicating epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the link between social experiences occurring during the postnatal period and in adulthood and altered neuroendocrine and behavioral outcomes will be highlighted. In addition, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping variation in social behavior and the implications of epigenetics for our understanding of the transmission of traits across generations will be discussed.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Hippocampus, Histones, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations}, issn = {0065-2660}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-387687-4.00002-7}, author = {Champagne, Frances A} } @article {7058, title = {Implementing the Global Compact on Refugees for Children. Examples of Child-focused work}, year = {2020}, institution = {Initiative for Child Rights in the Global Compacts}, keywords = {children, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://www.childrenonthemove.org/resources-produced-by-the-initiative/new-a-collection-of-examples-of-child-focused-work-in-line-with-the-global-compact-on-refugees/}, author = {ChildrenOnTheMove} } @article {7702, title = {In Pursuit of Sustainable Peace: Practical Recommendations for Integrating Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Policy Brief,}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Global Health Studies Program, Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University. }, address = {New Haven, CT, USA}, keywords = {humanitarian action, Mental health and psychosocial support, peacebuilding, violence prevention}, url = {https://jackson.yale.edu/academics/global-health-studies/student-research/}, author = {Sarah Cook and Goeun Lee and Angelin Mathew and Huda Siddiqui and John Ho and Shan Lateef and Kathryn Lance and Cara Fallon and Catherine Panter-Brick} } @article {513, title = {Improving quality of mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa: randomised controlled trial}, volume = {338}, year = {2009}, month = {2009-04-14 }, type = {Journal Article}, abstract = {

Objective To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve the mother-infant relationship and security of infant attachment in a South African peri-urban settlement with marked adverse socioeconomic circumstances.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in South Africa.Participants 449 pregnant women.Interventions The intervention was delivered from late pregnancy and for six months postpartum. Women were visited in their homes by previously untrained lay community workers who provided support and guidance in parenting. The purpose of the intervention was to promote sensitive and responsive parenting and secure infant attachment to the mother. Women in the control group received no therapeutic input from the research team.Main outcome measures Primary outcomes: quality of mother-infant interactions at six and 12 months postpartum; infant attachment security at 18 months. Secondary outcome: maternal depression at six and 12 months.Results The intervention was associated with significant benefit to the mother-infant relationship. At both six and 12 months, compared with control mothers, mothers in the intervention group were significantly more sensitive (6 months: mean difference=0.77 (SD 0.37), t=2.10, P\<0.05, d=0.24; 12 months: mean difference=0.42 (0.18), t=\−2.04 , P\<0.05, d=0.26) and less intrusive (6 months: mean difference=0.68 (0.36), t=2.28, P\<0.05, d=0.26; 12 months: mean difference=\−1.76 (0.86), t=2.28 , P\<0.05, d=0.24) in their interactions with their infants. The intervention was also associated with a higher rate of secure infant attachments at 18 months (116/156 (74\%) v 102/162 (63\%); Wald=4.74, odds ratio=1.70, P\<0.05). Although the prevalence of maternal depressive disorder was not significantly reduced, the intervention had a benefit in terms of maternal depressed mood at six months (z=2.05, P=0.04) on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale).Conclusions The intervention, delivered by local lay women, had a significant positive impact on the quality of the mother-infant relationship and on security of infant attachment, factors known to predict favourable child development. If these effects persist, and if they are replicated, this intervention holds considerable promise for use in the developing world.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25664149.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b974 }, url = {http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b974?trendmd-shared=0}, author = {Cooper, P. J. and Tomlinson, M. and Swartz, L. and Landman, M. and Molteno, C. and Stein, A. and McPherson, K. and Murray, L.} } @article {7359, title = {Impact of a Social-emotional Skills-Building Program (Pisot{\'o}n) on Early Development of Children in Colombia: A Pilot Effectiveness Study}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {101898}, keywords = {Colombia, early childhood development, social and emotional skill development}, issn = {08830355}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101898}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0883035521001671}, author = {Cosso, Jimena and de Vivo, Ana Rita Russo and Hein, Sascha and Silvera, Liceth Paola Reales and Ramirez-Varela, Lucero and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @article {5875, title = {Intergenerational transmission of relationship aggression: a prospective longitudinal study}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {24}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {1939-1293
Cui, Ming
Durtschi, Jared A
Donnellan, M Brent
Lorenz, Frederick O
Conger, Rand D
R01 MH062989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH051361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH051361-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD047573/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD027724/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
DA05347/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
MH59355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
HD064687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH051361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH62989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MCJ-109572/PHS HHS/United States
MH19734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD064687-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
MH43270/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
T32 MH019734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD047573/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD064687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
K05 MH000567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH00567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH48165/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
J Fam Psychol. 2010 Dec;24(6):688-97. doi: 10.1037/a0021675.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {688-97}, edition = {2010/12/22}, abstract = {The present study examined whether physical and verbal aggression in the family of origin were associated with similar patterns of aggression in young adult couples. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 213 focal individuals who were followed from adolescence to adulthood. Results suggested that aggression in the family when focal participants were adolescents predicted aggression with romantic partners when participants were adults. The association between interparental aggression and later aggression in adult romantic unions was partially mediated through parents{\textquoteright} aggression to focal participants when they were adolescents. Both physical and verbal aggression revealed the same pattern of findings. All together, these findings are consistent with a developmental-interactional perspective (Capaldi \& Gorman-Smith, 2003) concerning the developmental origins of aggression in intimate relationships.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression/*psychology, Child, Domestic Violence/psychology, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Iowa, Male, Parents/psychology, Prospective Studies, Spouses/psychology}, isbn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/a0021675}, author = {Cui, M. and Durtschi, J. A. and Donnellan, M. B. and Lorenz, F. O. and Conger, R. D.} } @article {381, title = {Improving young children{\textquoteright}s social and emotional competence: a randomized trial of the preschool "PATHS" curriculum.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {28}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {67-91}, abstract = {

This paper reports the results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an adaptation of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies curriculum (PATHS) for preschool-age children in Head Start. PATHS is a universal, teacher-taught social-emotional curriculum that is designed to improve children\&$\#$39;s social competence and reduce problem behavior. Twenty classrooms in two Pennsylvania communities participated in the study. Teachers in the 10 intervention classrooms implemented weekly lessons and extension activities across a 9-month period. Child assessments and teacher and parent reports of child behavior assessments were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. Analysis of covariance was used to control for baseline differences between the groups and pretest scores on each of the outcome measures. The results suggest that after exposure to PATHS, intervention children had higher emotion knowledge skills and were rated by parents and teachers as more socially competent compared to peers. Further, teachers rated intervention children as less socially withdrawn at the end of the school year compared to controls.

}, keywords = {Child Development, Child, Preschool, Curriculum, Early Intervention (Education), Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Pennsylvania, Poverty, School Health Services, Socialization}, issn = {0278-095X}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-007-0081-0}, author = {Domitrovich, Celene E and Cortes, Rebecca C and Greenberg, Mark T} } @article {5879, title = {Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency}, journal = {Econ Hum Biol}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {1873-6130
Doyle, Orla
Harmon, Colm P
Heckman, James J
Tremblay, Richard E
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
Econ Hum Biol. 2009 Mar;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-6}, edition = {2009/02/14}, abstract = {Policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (SES) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. Yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. The majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. However socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age three, suggesting that preventative programmes starting earlier in childhood may be even more effective. We discuss the optimal timing of early childhood intervention with reference to recent research in developmental neuroscience. We motivate the need for early intervention by providing an overview of the impact of adverse risk factors during the antenatal and early childhood periods on outcomes later in life. We provide a brief review of the economic rationale for investing early in life and propose the "antenatal investment hypothesis". We conclude by discussing a suite of new European interventions that will inform this optimal timing debate.}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Cognition/physiology, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Humans, Infant, Neurosciences}, isbn = {1570-677x}, doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002}, author = {Doyle, O. and Harmon, C. P. and Heckman, J. J. and Tremblay, R. E.} } @article {5714, title = {Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency}, journal = {Econ Hum BiolEcon Hum Biol}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Doyle, Orla
Harmon, Colm P
Heckman, James J
Tremblay, Richard E
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
2009/02/14 09:00
Econ Hum Biol. 2009 Mar;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (SES) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. Yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. The majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. However socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age three, suggesting that preventative programmes starting earlier in childhood may be even more effective. We discuss the optimal timing of early childhood intervention with reference to recent research in developmental neuroscience. We motivate the need for early intervention by providing an overview of the impact of adverse risk factors during the antenatal and early childhood periods on outcomes later in life. We provide a brief review of the economic rationale for investing early in life and propose the "antenatal investment hypothesis". We conclude by discussing a suite of new European interventions that will inform this optimal timing debate.}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Cognition/physiology, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Humans, Infant, Neurosciences}, isbn = {1873-6130 (Electronic)
1570-677X (Linking)}, author = {Doyle, O. and Harmon, C. P. and Heckman, J. J. and Tremblay, R. E.} } @article {4686, title = {Integrating Early Child Development and violence prevention programs: A systematic review}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Efevbera, Yvette
McCoy, Dana C
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):27-54. doi: 10.1002/cad.20230.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {27-54}, abstract = {Limited evidence describes promoting development and reducing violence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a missed opportunity to protect children and promote development and human capital. This study presents a systematic literature review of integrated early childhood development plus violence prevention (ECD+VP) interventions in LMICs. The search yielded 5,244 unique records, of which N = 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions were in Chile, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Mozambique, and Turkey. Five interventions were parent education programs, including center-based sessions (n = 3) and home visiting (n = 2), while one intervention was a teacher education program. All but one study reported improvements in both child development and maltreatment outcomes. The dearth of evidence on ECD+VP interventions suggests additional research is needed. Integrated ECD+VP interventions may improve multiple child outcome domains while leveraging limited resources in LMICs.}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Developing Countries, early childhood development, prevention, systematic review}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20230}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cad.20230}, author = {Efevbera, Y. and McCoy, D. C. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5881, title = {Integrating Early Child Development and Violence Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Efevbera, Yvette
McCoy, Dana C
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):27-54. doi: 10.1002/cad.20230.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {27-54}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {Limited evidence describes promoting development and reducing violence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a missed opportunity to protect children and promote development and human capital. This study presents a systematic literature review of integrated early childhood development plus violence prevention (ECD+VP) interventions in LMICs. The search yielded 5,244 unique records, of which N = 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions were in Chile, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Mozambique, and Turkey. Five interventions were parent education programs, including center-based sessions (n = 3) and home visiting (n = 2), while one intervention was a teacher education program. All but one study reported improvements in both child development and maltreatment outcomes. The dearth of evidence on ECD+VP interventions suggests additional research is needed. Integrated ECD+VP interventions may improve multiple child outcome domains while leveraging limited resources in LMICs.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, *Program Development, Child maltreatment, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, early childhood development, Humans, prevention, systematic review, Violence/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20230}, author = {Efevbera, Y. and McCoy, D. C. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5886, title = {Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the trajectory of mental health problems from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, note = {1471-244x
Fatori, Daniel
Bordin, Isabel A
Curto, Bartira M
de Paula, Cristiane S
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 17;13:31. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-31.}, month = {Jan 17}, pages = {31}, edition = {2013/01/19}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Longitudinal epidemiological studies involving child/adolescent mental health problems are scarce in developing countries, particularly in regions characterized by adverse living conditions. We examined the influence of psychosocial factors on the trajectory of child/adolescent mental health problems (CAMHP) over time. METHODS: A population-based sample of 6- to 13-year-olds with CAMHP was followed-up from 2002-2003 (Time 1/T1) to 2007-2008 (Time 2/T2), with 86 out of 124 eligible children/adolescents at T1 being reassessed at T2 (sample loss: 30.6\%). OUTCOME: CAMHP at T2 according to the Child Behavior Checklist/CBCL{\textquoteright}s total problem scale. Psychosocial factors: T1 variables (child/adolescent{\textquoteright}s age, family socioeconomic status); trajectory of variables from T1 to T2 (child/adolescent exposure to severe physical punishment, mother exposure to severe physical marital violence, maternal anxiety/depression); and T2 variables (maternal education, child/adolescent{\textquoteright}s social support and pro-social activities). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for child/adolescent MHP at T2: aggravation of child/adolescent physical punishment and aggravation of maternal anxiety/depression. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows the importance of considering child/adolescent physical punishment and maternal anxiety/depression in intervention models and mental health care policies.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Brazil, Checklist, Child, Child Behavior/psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*etiology, Psychology, Punishment/psychology, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {1471-244x}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244x-13-31}, author = {Fatori, D. and Bordin, I. A. and Curto, B. M. and de Paula, C. S.} } @book {520, title = {Interactive Conflict Resolution}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Syracuse University Press}, organization = {Syracuse University Press}, isbn = {9780815627159}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rwpkb826U24C}, author = {Fisher, R.J.} } @article {354, title = {Implication of sperm RNAs in transgenerational inheritance of the effects of early trauma in mice.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {17}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 May}, pages = {667-9}, abstract = {

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are potential vectors at the interface between genes and environment. We found that traumatic stress in early life altered mouse microRNA (miRNA) expression, and behavioral and metabolic responses in the progeny. Injection of sperm RNAs from traumatized males into fertilized wild-type oocytes reproduced the behavioral and metabolic alterations in the resulting offspring.

}, keywords = {Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Line, Tumor, Dark Adaptation, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Intake, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Maze Learning, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MicroRNAs, Oocytes, Reaction Time, RNA, Small Interfering, RNA, Small Untranslated, Spermatozoa, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3695}, author = {Gapp, Katharina and Jawaid, Ali and Sarkies, Peter and Bohacek, Johannes and Pelczar, Pawel and Prados, Julien and Farinelli, Laurent and Miska, Eric and Mansuy, Isabelle M} } @article {6119, title = {Infant Language Production and Parenting Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Behavior Therapy}, volume = {50}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-05-2019}, pages = {544 - 557}, issn = {00057894}, doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2018.09.003}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000578941830114X?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Garcia, Dainelys and Rodriquez, Gabriela M. and Hill, Ryan M. and Lorenzo, Nicole E. and Bagner, Daniel M.} } @article {188, title = {Intranasal oxytocin improves emotion recognition for youth with autism spectrum disorders.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {67}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Apr 1}, pages = {692-4}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: A diagnostic hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is a qualitative impairment in social communication and interaction. Deficits in the ability to recognize the emotions of others are believed to contribute to this. There is currently no effective treatment for these problems.

METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we administered oxytocin nasal spray (18 or 24 IU) or a placebo to 16 male youth aged 12 to 19 who were diagnosed with Autistic or Asperger\&$\#$39;s Disorder. Participants then completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task, a widely used and reliable test of emotion recognition.

RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, oxytocin administration improved performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task. This effect was also shown when analysis was restricted to the younger participants aged 12 to 15 who received the lower dose.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin nasal spray improves emotion recognition in young people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Findings suggest the potential of earlier intervention and further evaluation of oxytocin nasal spray as a treatment to improve social communication and interaction in young people with autism spectrum disorders.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Administration, Topical, Adolescent, Affect, Autistic Disorder, Child, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Recognition (Psychology), Young Adult}, issn = {1873-2402}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.020}, author = {Guastella, Adam J and Einfeld, Stewart L and Gray, Kylie M and Rinehart, Nicole J and Tonge, Bruce J and Lambert, Timothy J and Hickie, Ian B} } @article {6498, title = {It{\textquoteright}s Okay to Be a Different Kind of Parent During the Pandemic}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Atlantic}, keywords = {COVID-19, Parenting}, url = {https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2020/04/what-losing-my-husband-taught-me-about-pandemic-parenting/609607/?fbclid=IwAR0RfK2JIqrtxPNK-SJZ7iBXVm48dKQluSfXVODxSiyyhvzP34kquD1ywFE}, author = {Ham, MK} } @article {5892, title = {Inflammation: A Proposed Intermediary Between Maternal Stress and Offspring Neuropsychiatric Risk}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {1873-2402
Hantsoo, Liisa
Kornfield, Sara
Anguera, Montserrat C
Epperson, C Neill
K23 MH107831/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
K12 HD085848/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R21 AI124084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
K23 MH102360/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
P50 MH099910/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 15;85(2):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.018. Epub 2018 Sep 5.}, month = {Jan 15}, pages = {97-106}, edition = {2018/10/14}, abstract = {During pregnancy, programming of the fetal central nervous system establishes vulnerabilities for emergence of neuropsychiatric phenotypes later in life. Psychosocial influences during pregnancy, such as stressful life events and chronic stress, correlate with offspring neuropsychiatric disorders and inflammation, respectively. Stress promotes inflammation, but the role of inflammation as a mediator between maternal psychosocial stress and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes has not been extensively studied in humans. This review summarizes clinical evidence linking specific types of stress to maternal inflammatory load during pregnancy. We propose that inflammation is a mediator in the relationship between psychosocial stress and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes, potentially influenced by poor maternal glucocorticoid-immune coordination. We present relevant experimental animal research supporting this hypothesis. We conclude that clinical and preclinical research supports the premise that stress-induced maternal immune activation contributes in part to prenatal programming of risk. Programming of risk is likely due to a combination of vulnerabilities, including multiple or repeated inflammatory events; timing of such events; poor maternal regulation of inflammation; genetic vulnerability; and lifestyle contributors.}, keywords = {Cytokine-glucocorticoid feedback, Cytokines, Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal, Pregnancy, stress, Transgenerational}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.018}, author = {Hantsoo, L. and Kornfield, S. and Anguera, M. C. and Epperson, C. N.} } @article {720, title = {Increasing Fathers{\textquoteright} Involvement in Child Care With a Couple-Focused Intervention During the Transition to Parenthood}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {57}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-01-2008}, pages = {49 - 59}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00482.x}, author = {Hawkins, Alan J. and Lovejoy, Kimberly R. and Holmes, Erin K. and Blanchard, Victoria L. and Fawcett, Elizabeth} } @article {5895, title = {Intergenerational Long-Term Effects of Preschool - Structural Estimates from a Discrete Dynamic Programming Model}, journal = {J Econom}, volume = {191}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Heckman, James J
Raut, Lakshmi K
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Netherlands
J Econom. 2016 Mar;191(1):164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 17.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {164-175}, edition = {2015/12/29}, abstract = {This paper formulates a structural dynamic programming model of preschool investment choices of altruistic parents and then empirically estimates the structural parameters of the model using the NLSY79 data. The paper finds that preschool investment significantly boosts cognitive and non-cognitive skills, which enhance earnings and school outcomes. It also finds that a standard Mincer earnings function, by omitting measures of non-cognitive skills on the right-hand side, overestimates the rate of return to schooling. From the estimated equilibrium Markov process, the paper studies the nature of within generation earnings distribution, intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility. The paper finds that a tax-financed free preschool program for the children of poor socioeconomic status generates positive net gains to the society in terms of average earnings, higher intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility.}, keywords = {early childhood development, Intergenerational Social Mobility, Preschool Investment, Structural Dynamic Programming}, isbn = {0304-4076 (Print)
0304-4076}, doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Raut, L. K.} } @article {6099, title = {Intergenerational and intragenerational externalities of the Perry Preschool Project}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper examines the impact of the iconic Perry Preschool Project on the children and siblings of the original participants. The children of treated participants have fewer school suspensions, higher levels of education and employment, and lower levels of participation in crime, compared with the children of untreated participants. Impacts are especially pronounced for the children of male participants. These treatment effects are associated with improved childhood home environments. The intergenerational effects arise despite the fact that families of treated subjects live in similar or worse neighborhoods than the control families. We also find substantial positive effects of the Perry program on the siblings of participants who did not directly participate in the program, especially for male siblings.}, keywords = {Intergenerational Relations, Perry Preschool Project}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w25889.pdf}, author = {Heckman, J.J. and Karapakula, G.} } @article {6565, title = {Invest in Early Childhood Development: Reduce Deficits, Strengthen the Economy}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Heckman}, keywords = {early childhood development, early learning, economy}, url = {https://heckmanequation.org/resource/invest-in-early-childhood-development-reduce-deficits-strengthen-the-economy/?utm_source=The+Heckman+Equation\&utm_campaign=1971935a98-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_03_28_COPY_01\&utm_medium=email\&utm_term=0_861cad7111-1971935a98-}, author = {Heckman, J.J.} } @book {590, title = {Inequality in America: What role for human capital policies?}, year = {2003}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/inequality-america}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Krueger, A. B.} } @article {5707, title = {Intergenerational Long-Term Effects of Preschool - Structural Estimates from a Discrete Dynamic Programming Model}, journal = {J Econom}, volume = {191}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Heckman, James J
Raut, Lakshmi K
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Netherlands
2015/12/29 06:00
J Econom. 2016 Mar;191(1):164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 17.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {This paper formulates a structural dynamic programming model of preschool investment choices of altruistic parents and then empirically estimates the structural parameters of the model using the NLSY79 data. The paper finds that preschool investment significantly boosts cognitive and non-cognitive skills, which enhance earnings and school outcomes. It also finds that a standard Mincer earnings function, by omitting measures of non-cognitive skills on the right-hand side, overestimates the rate of return to schooling. From the estimated equilibrium Markov process, the paper studies the nature of within generation earnings distribution, intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility. The paper finds that a tax-financed free preschool program for the children of poor socioeconomic status generates positive net gains to the society in terms of average earnings, higher intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility.}, keywords = {early childhood development, Intergenerational Social Mobility, Preschool Investment, Structural Dynamic Programming}, isbn = {0304-4076 (Print)
0304-4076 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Raut, L. K.} } @book {528, title = {Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Fully Revised Third Edition}, year = {2007}, pages = {787}, publisher = {UNICEF}, organization = {UNICEF}, abstract = {

The newly revised third edition of the Handbook provides a detailed reference for the implementation of law, policy and practice to promote and protect the rights of children. It brings together under each article an analysis of the Committee on the Right of the Child\’s growing interpretation during its first fourteen years and examination of over 300 of its Concluding Observations following consideration of States\’ reports. The Handbook also provides a concise description of the role, power and procedures, and developing activities of the Committee and its appendices include a guide to related United Nations bodies and texts of key instruments.

}, isbn = { 978-92-806-4183-7 }, url = {http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_43110.html}, author = {Hodgkin, R. and Newell, P. and UNICEF.} } @article {3196, title = {INEE Background Paper on Psychosocial Support and Social and Emotional Learning for Children and Youth in Emergency Settings}, year = {2016}, address = {New York}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1126/20161219_PSS_SEL_Background_Note_Digital_Final.pdf}, author = {IRC and International Rescue Committee} } @article {3146, title = {INEE Guidance Note on Conflict Sensitive Education}, year = {2013}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1150/INEE_GN_on_Conflict_Sensitive_Education\%5B1\%5D.pdf}, author = {INEE and The Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies} } @article {7273, title = {The Impacts of Tutoring Informed by Social-Emotional Learning: An Analysis Across Crisis Contexts}, year = {2021}, publisher = {International Rescue Committee (IRC)}, keywords = {education in emergencies, Lebanon, Niger, refugee children, Sierra Leone, social emotional}, url = {https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/2021-07/\%5Baccessible\%5D\%203EA_Global\%20Policy\%20Brief_2021.07.15.pdf?fbclid=IwAR04gr0Qbiz-iOU2cPi2wvyMmatq2-7vR3DB0kfdr57WfbYCQJeVDfxXWvA}, author = {InternationalRescueCommittee and GlobalTiesforChildren and DubaiCares} } @article {6168, title = {The Importance of Early Childhood Education in an Age of Global Disruption}, year = {2018}, month = {04/2018}, publisher = {Global Ed Leadership}, abstract = {Steve Jacobson writes about his work with colleagues in New Zealand as they study ECE and how school leaders can assist parents. ECE is the foundation for learning and it{\textquoteright}s crucial that all school systems provide high quality, evidence-based programs.}, keywords = {early childhood education (ECE), New Zealand, Perry PreSchool Study}, url = {https://globaledleadership.org/2018/04/18/the-importance-of-early-childhood-education-in-an-age-of-global-disruption/}, author = {Jacobso, S.} } @inbook {5668, title = {Interventions: What has worked and why?}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {305 - 322}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {16}, abstract = {Early childhood interventions are implemented to make a difference in people{\textquoteright}s lives, but demonstrating how they have worked is a challenge. Because many programs reported in the literature are conducted in high-income countries, results are not representative or balanced. This chapter reviews the evidence obtained from a range of early childhood interventions designed to reduce violence and build peace, and the outcomes that were achieved in children and parents. Classic longitudinal as well as more nascent early childhood interventions are analyzed using a broad framework. These interventions focus on young children and families and are associated with peaceful outcomes at individual, family, and community levels. The mechanisms by which benefits contribute to the peaceful outcomes are unclear. However, at child and family levels, these outcomes are predictors of reduced violence and a culture of peace in adulthood. It is suggested that early experiences pave the way to positive outcomes later in life, and thus early interventions are important. Programmatic and policy-level strategies are proposed to link peacebuilding with early childhood behavior, and a call is made to improve the direct measurement of peace promotion outcomes.}, keywords = {early childhood interventions, peacebuilding, peacemaking, violence mitigation}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0016}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Kagitcibasi, Cigdem and Britto, Pia R.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {4386, title = {Indicators of family care for development for use in multicountry surveys}, journal = {J Health Popul Nutr}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Kariger, Patricia
Frongillo, Edward A
Engle, Patrice
Britto, Pia M Rebello
Sywulka, Sara M
Menon, Purnima
eng
Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Bangladesh
2013/01/12 06:00
J Health Popul Nutr. 2012 Dec;30(4):472-86.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {472-86}, abstract = {Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of each candidate item as well as in-country focus groups to test the content validity of the items. The quantitative methods included analyses of item-response distributions, using bivariate techniques. The selected items measured two family care practices (support for learning/stimulating environment and limit-setting techniques) and caregiving resources (adequacy of the alternate caregiver when the mother worked). Six play-activity items, indicative of support for learning/stimulating environment, were included in the core module of UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Multiple Cluster Indictor Survey 3. The other items were included in optional modules. This project provided, for the first time, a globally-relevant set of items for assessing family care practices and resources in epidemiological surveys. These items have multiple uses, including national monitoring and cross-country comparisons of the status of family care for development used globally. The obtained information will reinforce attention to efforts to improve the support for development of children.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Welfare, *Cross-Cultural Comparison, *Health Surveys, *Parenting, Africa, Brazil, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Nepal, Psychosocial Deprivation, Social Environment}, isbn = {1606-0997 (Print)
1606-0997 (Linking)}, author = {Kariger, P. and Frongillo, E. A. and Engle, P. and Britto, P. M. and Sywulka, S. M. and Menon, P.} } @article {881, title = {Integrating Early Childhood Development and Violence Prevention}, year = {2014}, institution = {Colombia University}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.cpcnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ECD-Violence-Prevention-Final-Report-1.pdf}, author = {Landers, C.} } @article {5907, title = {The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {1873-2402
Lindsay, Karen L
Buss, Claudia
Wadhwa, Pathik D
Entringer, Sonja
R01 AG050455/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
R01 MD010738/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH105538/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 15;85(2):135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021. Epub 2018 Jul 4.}, month = {Jan 15}, pages = {135-149}, edition = {2018/07/31}, abstract = {Growing evidence supports an important role for the intrauterine environment in shaping fetal development and subsequent child health and disease risk. The fetal brain is particularly plastic, whereby even subtle changes in structure and function produced by in utero conditions can have long-term implications. Based on the consideration that conditions related to energy substrate and likelihood of survival to reproductive age are particularly salient drivers of fetal programming, maternal nutrition and stress represent the most commonly, but independently, studied factors in this context. However, the effects of maternal nutrition and stress are context dependent and may be moderated by one another. Studies examining the effects of the bidirectional nutrition-stress interplay in pregnancy on fetal programming of brain development are beginning to emerge in the literature. This review incorporates all currently available animal and human studies of this interplay and provides a synthesis and critical discussion of findings. Nine of the 10 studies included here assessed nutrition-stress interactions and offspring neurodevelopmental or brain development outcomes. Despite significant heterogeneity in study design and methodology, two broad patterns of results emerge to suggest that the effects of prenatal stress on various aspects of brain development may be mitigated by 1) higher fat diets or increased intake and/or status of specific dietary fats and 2) higher dietary intake or supplementation of targeted nutrients. The limitations of these studies are discussed, and recommendations are provided for future research to expand on this important area of fetal programming of brain development.}, keywords = {brain development, Fetal programming, neurodevelopment, nutrition, Pregnancy, stress}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021}, author = {Lindsay, K. L. and Buss, C. and Wadhwa, P. D. and Entringer, S.} } @article {708, title = {Inequalities in attendance in organized early learning programmes in developing societies: findings from household surveys}, journal = {Compare}, volume = {39}, year = {2009}, pages = {385-409}, doi = {10.1080/03057920701712833}, author = {E. Loaiza and P. Engle and P. Engle} } @article {7346, title = {International migration of unaccompanied minors: trends, health risks, and legal protection}, journal = {The Lancet Child \& Adolescent Health}, volume = {5}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-12-2021}, pages = {882 - 895}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Health, migration}, issn = {23524642}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00194-2}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352464221001942}, author = {Corona Maioli, Susanna and Bhabha, Jacqueline and Wickramage, Kolitha and Wood, Laura C N and Erragne, Ludivine and Ortega Garc{\'\i}a, Omar and Burgess, Rochelle and Digidiki, Vasileia and Aldridge, Robert W and Devakumar, Delan} } @article {4766, title = {Improving outcomes for caregivers through treatment of young people affected by war: a randomized controlled trial in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Bull World Health Organ}, volume = {93}, number = {12}, year = {2015}, note = {McBain, Ryan K
Salhi, Carmel
Hann, Katrina
Kellie, Jim
Kamara, Alimamy
Salomon, Joshua A
Kim, Jane J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
Switzerland
2015/12/17 06:00
Bull World Health Organ. 2015 Dec 1;93(12):834-41. doi: 10.2471/BLT.14.139105. Epub 2015 Oct 16.}, month = {Dec 1}, pages = {834-41}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To measure the benefits to household caregivers of a psychotherapeutic intervention for adolescents and young adults living in a war-affected area. METHODS: Between July 2012 and July 2013, we carried out a randomized controlled trial of the Youth Readiness Intervention--a cognitive-behavioural intervention for war-affected young people who exhibit depressive and anxiety symptoms and conduct problems--in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Overall, 436 participants aged 15-24 years were randomized to receive the intervention (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Household caregivers for the participants in the intervention arm (n = 101) or control arm (n = 103) were interviewed during a baseline survey and again, if available (n = 155), 12 weeks later in a follow-up survey. We used a burden assessment scale to evaluate the burden of care placed on caregivers in terms of emotional distress and functional impairment. The caregivers{\textquoteright} mental health--i.e. internalizing, externalizing and prosocial behaviour--was evaluated using the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment. Difference-in-differences multiple regression analyses were used, within an intention-to-treat framework, to estimate the treatment effects. FINDINGS: Compared with the caregivers of participants of the control group, the caregivers of participants of the intervention group reported greater reductions in emotional distress (scale difference: 0.252; 95\% confidence interval, CI: 0.026-0.4782) and greater improvements in prosocial behaviour (scale difference: 0.249; 95\% CI: 0.012-0.486) between the two surveys. CONCLUSION: A psychotherapeutic intervention for war-affected young people can improve the mental health of their caregivers.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/therapy, Caregivers/*psychology, Cognitive Therapy/*methods, Conduct Disorder/therapy, Depression/therapy, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Linear Models, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Sierra Leone, Stress, Psychological/*psychology, Treatment Outcome, Warfare, Young Adult}, isbn = {1564-0604 (Electronic)
0042-9686 (Linking)}, author = {McBain, R. K. and Salhi, C. and Hann, K. and Kellie, J. and Kamara, A. and Salomon, J. A. and Kim, J. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {7651, title = {Intergenerational Pathways to Peace: Putting Children First. Policy Brief, Global Health Studies Program}, year = {2024}, month = {January 2024}, publisher = {Global Health Studies Program, Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University}, address = {New Haven, CT USA}, abstract = {
In this brief, we argue that Early Childhood Development (ECD) is a catalyst for intergenerational\ peacebuilding and community stability. ECD interventions, encompassing learning, stimulation, and\ social cohesion, foster vital skills for peaceful societies. We argue that nutrition serves as a critical\ entry point for implementing integrated ECD initiatives, which hold promise in advancing strategic\ peacebuilding. We underscore the significance of adequate nutrition and caregiver empowerment.\ Nutrition\’s role in positive social behavior and cognitive development is a critical component, offering\ a pathway to a more peaceful society. Quality caregiving, influenced by caregiver mental health, directly impacts\ child development. Programs targeting maternal well-being, like Pakistan\’s Thinking Healthy\ initiative, yield positive outcomes for both mothers and children. Moreover, we highlight the essential\ pillars of social cohesion and economic development in peacebuilding. These elements reinforce each\ other, reducing conflict risks and fostering peaceful societies. Ultimately, we emphasize the transformative\ potential of children and families as peacebuilders, with ECD programs serving as a valuable tool for grassroots\ peace initiatives. We conclude that investing in integrated ECD and nutrition programs, alongside\ caregiver empowerment, presents a cost- effective approach to impactful peacebuilding, nurturing
sustainable peace, prosperity, and community cohesion.
}, keywords = {caregiving, early childhood development, Mental Health, nutrition, Parenting, peacebuilding, Social cohesion, violence prevention}, url = {https://issuu.com/jacksonyale/docs/ca026655_jacksonghs_intergenerational_full-report}, author = {Merritt ME and Peterson E and Shaheen R and Zerbib A and Mellinghoff S and Nuli S and De Oliveira S and Ramirez JB and Fallon C and Panter-Brick C and Hein S} } @article {7378, title = {Identifying the roles of fathers in post-war northern Uganda: Groundwork for a parenting intervention}, journal = {African Studies}, volume = {77}, year = {2018}, month = {Feb-10-2018}, pages = {526 - 548}, keywords = {Fathers, parent-child relationships, Uganda}, issn = {0002-0184}, doi = {10.1080/00020184.2018.1496593}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00020184.2018.1496593}, author = {Mehus, Christopher J and Wieling, Elizabeth and Achan, Laura and Oloya, Okot Thomas} } @article {7713, title = {Intergenerational Pathways to Peace: Putting Children First}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs}, address = {New Haven, CT USA}, keywords = {Children and families, early childhood development, nutrition, Social cohesion, Support for caregivers}, url = {https://jackson.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CA026655_JacksonGHS_Intergenerational_REPORT_FINAL.pdf}, author = {Matthew Elmore Merritt* and Emma Peterson* and Roaa Shaheen* and Alison Zerbib* and Sabrina Mellinghoff and Shreya Nuli and Sophia De Oliveira and Jordi Bertran Ramirez and Sascha Hein and Cara Fallon and Catherine Panter-Brick} } @article {5912, title = {Integration of prevention of violence against children and early child development}, journal = {Lancet Glob HealthLancet Glob HealthLancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {2214-109x
Mikton, Christopher
MacMillan, Harriet
Dua, Tarun
Betancourt, Theresa S
001/World Health Organization/International
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Aug;2(8):e442-3. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70233-5. Epub 2014 Jul 23.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e442-3}, edition = {2014/08/12}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Child Abuse/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/*organization \& administration, Health Promotion/*organization \& administration, Humans, Preventive Health Services/*organization \& administration, Violence/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {2214-109x}, author = {Mikton, C. and MacMillan, H. and Dua, T. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {195, title = {Integration of prevention of violence against children and early child development.}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {e442-3}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Health Promotion, Humans, Preventive Health Services, Violence}, issn = {2214-109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70233-5}, author = {Mikton, Christopher and MacMillan, Harriet and Dua, Tarun and Betancourt, Theresa S} } @article {4871, title = {Implementation and scale-up of psycho-trauma centers in a post-conflict area: a case study of a private-public partnership in northern Uganda}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {Nakimuli-Mpungu, Etheldreda
Alderman, Stephen
Kinyanda, Eugene
Allden, Kathleen
Betancourt, Theresa S
Alderman, Jeffrey S
Pavia, Alison
Okello, James
Nakku, Juliet
Adaku, Alex
Musisi, Seggane
eng
MC_U950088495/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/04/24 06:00
PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001427. Epub 2013 Apr 16.}, pages = {e1001427}, abstract = {As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda.}, keywords = {*Public-Private Sector Partnerships, *Warfare, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Depression/*therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*therapy, Trauma Centers/organization \& administration, Uganda, Young Adult}, isbn = {1549-1676 (Electronic)
1549-1277 (Linking)}, author = {Nakimuli-Mpungu, E. and Alderman, S. and Kinyanda, E. and Allden, K. and Betancourt, T. S. and Alderman, J. S. and Pavia, A. and Okello, J. and Nakku, J. and Adaku, A. and Musisi, S.} } @article {3181, title = {Investing in Young Children Globally for Peaceful Societies: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop}, year = {2016}, month = {October 19, 2016}, institution = {Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally (iYCG), UNICEF, King Abdulla Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27831679}, author = {NationalAcademiesofSciencesEngineeringMedicine} } @article {683, title = {Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth}, journal = {The American Economic Review}, volume = {56}, number = {1/2}, year = {1966}, pages = {69-75}, publisher = {American Economic Association}, isbn = {00028282}, doi = {10.2307/1821269}, author = {Nelson, Richard R. and Phelps, Edmund S.} } @article {5950, title = {I am a child! Four steps for protecting children{\textquoteright}s rights in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and in the Global Compact on Refugees}, year = {2018}, institution = {NGO Committee on Migration}, keywords = {birth registration, child rights, global compact, Migrant children, refugee children}, url = {https://ngomigration.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/i-am-a-child-booklet_final-gcm-gcr_18-sep-2018.pdf}, author = {NGOCommitteeMigration} } @article {5916, title = {Impact of childhood abuse on suicide-related behavior: Analysis using marginal structural models}, journal = {J Affect Disord}, volume = {234}, year = {2018}, note = {1573-2517
Obikane, Erika
Shinozaki, Tomohiro
Takagi, Daisuke
Kawakami, Norito
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
J Affect Disord. 2018 Jul;234:224-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.034. Epub 2018 Feb 22.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {224-230}, edition = {2018/03/17}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse is associated with adult suicidal behaviors, partially mediated by mental disorders. However, the direct effect of childhood abuse not mediated by mental disorders is uncertain because the same risk factors serve as mediators and confounders of mental disorders and suicidal behaviors. The aim of the study was to estimate the direct effect of childhood abuse not mediated by mental disorders on suicidal behaviors using marginal structural models. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data of Japanese adults in Tokyo and neighboring prefectures (The Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood). We developed a causal diagram of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors, and defined exposures (childhood abuse), confounders (age, childhood social characteristics), mediators (mental disorders), risk factors (coping, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, physical health), and outcome (suicidal behaviors). We estimated the direct effect of childhood abuse according to sex using inverse-probability weighting at 2 points and compared to total and direct effects estimated by conventional regression models. RESULTS: Of 1776 male and 2016 female participants, childhood abuse showed significant total effects on suicidal behaviors. Physical abuse was associated with suicidal ideation (risk ratio: males 2.11 [95\% confidence interval: 1.59-2.82], females 2.15 [1.69-2.72]), suicidal plan (risk ratio: males 2.18 [1.21-3.92], females 2.14 [1.24-3.74]), and suicidal attempt (risk ratio: males 2.11 [1.14-5.10], females 4.79 [2.93-7.83]) through direct effect. LIMITATIONS: Childhood abuse was measured according to self-report of the past experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that childhood abuse is associated with adult suicidal behaviors through direct effects not mediated by mental disorders.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse, *Mental health, marginal structural model, *Suicidal behaviors, *Suicidal Ideation, *Suicide, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Age of Onset, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Tokyo}, isbn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.034}, author = {Obikane, E. and Shinozaki, T. and Takagi, D. and Kawakami, N.} } @article {7271, title = {International Journal of Early Childhood}, year = {2021}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.springer.com/journal/13158/}, author = {OMEP} } @article {729, title = {An intervention for relational and physical aggression in early childhood: A preliminary study}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {24}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-01-2009}, pages = {15 - 28}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2008.08.002}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885200608000690http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0885200608000690?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0885200608000690?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Ostrov, Jamie M. and Massetti, Greta M. and Stauffacher, Kirstin and Godleski, Stephanie A. and Hart, Katie C. and Karch, Kathryn M. and Mullins, Adam D. and Ries, Emily E.} } @article {5251, title = {Insecurity, distress and mental health: experimental and randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, year = {2018}, note = {Panter-Brick, Catherine
Dajani, Rana
Eggerman, Mark
Hermosilla, Sabrina
Sancilio, Amelia
Ager, Alastair
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
England
2017/10/03 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 May;59(5):523-541. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12832. Epub 2017 Oct 2.}, month = {May}, pages = {523-541}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Strengthening the evidence base for humanitarian interventions that provide psychosocial support to war-affected youth is a key priority. We tested the impacts of an 8-week programme of structured activities informed by a profound stress attunement (PSA) framework (Advancing Adolescents), delivered in group-format to 12-18 year-olds in communities heavily affected by the Syrian crisis. We included both Syrian refugee and Jordanian youth. METHODS: We followed an experimental design, comparing treatment youth and wait-list controls over two programme implementation cycles, randomizing to study arm in cycle 2 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03012451). We measured insecurity, distress, mental health difficulties, prosocial behaviour and post-traumatic stress symptoms at three time-points: baseline (n = 817 youth; 55\% Syrian, 43\% female), postintervention (n = 463; 54\% Syrian, 47\% female), and follow-up (n = 212, 58\% Syrian, 43\% female). Regression models assessed: prospective intervention impacts, adjusting for baseline scores, trauma exposure, age, and gender; differential impacts across levels of trauma exposure and activity-based modality; and sustained recovery 1 year later. We analysed cycle-specific and cycle-pooled data for youth exclusively engaged in Advancing Adolescents and for the intent-to-treat sample. RESULTS: We found medium to small effect sizes for all psychosocial outcomes, namely Human Insecurity (beta = -7.04 (95\% CI: -10.90, -3.17), Cohen{\textquoteright}s d = -0.4), Human Distress (beta = -5.78 (-9.02, -2.54), d = -0.3), and Perceived Stress (beta = -1.92 (-3.05, -0.79), d = -0.3); and two secondary mental health outcomes (AYMH: beta = -3.35 (-4.68, -2.02), d = -0.4; SDQ: beta = -1.46 (-2.42, -0.50), d = -0.2). We found no programme impacts for prosocial behaviour or post-traumatic stress reactions. Beneficial impacts were stronger for youth with exposure to four trauma events or more. While symptoms alleviated for both intervention and control groups over time, there were sustained effects of the intervention on Human Insecurity. CONCLUSIONS: Findings strengthen the evidence base for mental health and psychosocial programming for a generation affected by conflict and forced displacement. We discuss implications for programme implementation and evaluation research.}, keywords = {evaluation, forced displacement, implementation science, Mental health and psychosocial support, Refugees, War}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Dajani, R. and Eggerman, M. and Hermosilla, S. and Sancilio, A. and Ager, A.} } @article {452, title = {Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma.}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {e59}, abstract = {

Childhood maltreatment, through epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). We investigated whether childhood maltreatment and its severity were associated with increased methylation of the exon 1(F) NR3C1 promoter, in 101 borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 99 major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects with, respectively, a high and low rate of childhood maltreatment, and 15 MDD subjects with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childhood sexual abuse, its severity and the number of type of maltreatments positively correlated with NR3C1 methylation (P=6.16 \× 10(-8), 5.18 \× 10(-7) and 1.25 \× 10(-9), respectively). In BPD, repetition of abuses and sexual abuse with penetration correlated with a higher methylation percentage. Peripheral blood might therefore serve as a proxy for environmental effects on epigenetic processes. These findings suggest that early life events may permanently impact on the HPA axis though epigenetic modifications of the NR3C1. This is a mechanism by which childhood maltreatment may lead to adulthood psychopathology.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Depressive Disorder, Major, DNA Methylation, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2011.60}, author = {Perroud, N and Paoloni-Giacobino, A and Prada, P and Oli{\'e}, E and Salzmann, A and Nicastro, R and Guillaume, S and Mouthon, D and Stouder, C and Dieben, K and Huguelet, P and Courtet, P and Malafosse, A} } @article {5962, title = {Indicators framework for peacebuilding, education and social cohesion}, year = {2017}, institution = {Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and UNICEF}, address = {Boston, MA}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Social_Cohesion_Assessmen_Framework_20170420_(HHI).pdf}, author = {Pham, P.N. and Vinck, P.} } @article {6195, title = {Implementation Evaluation of the Mother-Child Education Program Among Refugee and Other Vulnerable Communities in Lebanon}, journal = {New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development}, year = {2019}, month = {Nov-09-2019}, keywords = {ACEV, Beirut, early childhood development, Lebanon, MOCEP, Refugees, responsive parenting}, issn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20314}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cad.20314}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Issa, Ghassan and Aoudeh, Lara and Maalouf, Cosette and Nourallah, Sawsan and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Zonderman, Anna Leslie and Katsovich, Liliya and Moore, Christina and Salah, Rima and Al-Soleiti, Majd and Britto, Pia Rebello and Leckman, James Frederick} } @article {5351, title = {Infants of primary nurturing fathers}, journal = {Psychoanal Study Child}, volume = {38}, year = {1983}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Case Reports
1983/01/01 00:00
Psychoanal Study Child. 1983;38:257-77.}, pages = {257-77}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Identification (Psychology), Infant, Infant Care, Male}, isbn = {0079-7308 (Print)
0079-7308 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {4716, title = {The impact of a family skills training intervention among Burmese migrant families in Thailand: A randomized controlled trial}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {Puffer, Eve S
Annan, Jeannie
Sim, Amanda L
Salhi, Carmel
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
2017/03/30 06:00
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 28;12(3):e0172611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172611. eCollection 2017.}, pages = {e0172611}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a family-based intervention delivered to Burmese migrant families displaced in Thailand on parenting and family functioning. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES: Participants included 479 Burmese migrant families from 20 communities in Thailand. Families, including 513 caregivers and 479 children aged 7 to 15 years, were randomized to treatment and waitlist control groups. The treatment group received a 12-session family-based intervention delivered to groups of families by lay facilitators. Adapted standardized and locally derived measures were administered before and after the intervention to assess parent-child relationship quality, discipline practices, and family functioning. RESULTS: Compared with controls, intervention families demonstrated improved quality of parent-child interactions on scales of parental warmth and affection (Effect size (ES) = 0.25 caregivers; 0.26 children, both p < 0.05) and negative relationship quality (ES = -0.37, p < 0.001 caregivers; -0.22 children, p < 0.05). Both children and caregivers also reported an effect on relationship quality based on a locally derived measure (ES = 0.40 caregivers, p < .001; 0.43 children, p < .05). Family functioning was improved, including family cohesion (ES = 0.46 caregivers; 0.36 children; both p < 0.001) and decreased negative interactions (ES = -0.30 caregivers, p < 0.01; -0.24 children, p < 0.05). Family communication also improved according to children only (ES = 0.29, p < 0.01). Caregivers, but not children, reported decreased harsh discipline (ES = -0.39, p < 0.001), and no effects were observed on use of positive discipline strategies. Treatment attendance was high, with participants attending a mean of 9.7 out of 12 sessions. CONCLUSION: The intervention increased protective aspects of family well-being for migrant children and caregivers in a middle-income country. The strongest effects were on parent-child relationship quality and family functioning, while results were mixed on changes in discipline practices. Results suggest that a behavioral family-based approach implemented by lay providers in community settings is a promising intervention approach for strengthening families in highly stressed contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01668992.}, keywords = {*Emigrants and Immigrants, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, *Transients and Migrants, Adolescent, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Caregivers/education, Child, Family Characteristics, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Myanmar/ethnology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parents/*education, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thailand}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Puffer, E. S. and Annan, J. and Sim, A. L. and Salhi, C. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5690, title = {The impact of homelessness on children}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {46}, number = {11}, year = {1991}, note = {Rafferty, Y
Shinn, M
eng
R01MH46116/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
1991/11/01 00:00
Am Psychol. 1991 Nov;46(11):1170-9.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1170-9}, abstract = {This article reviews and critiques community-based research on the effects of homelessness on children. Homeless children confront serious threats to their ability to succeed and their future well-being. Of particular concern are health problems, hunger, poor nutrition, developmental delays, anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, and educational underachievement. Factors that may mediate the observed outcomes include inadequate shelter conditions, instability in residences and shelters, inadequate services, and barriers to accessing services that are available. Public policy initiatives are needed to meet the needs of homeless children.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, *Personality Development, *Psychosocial Deprivation, Adolescent, Child, Chronic Disease/*psychology, Homeless Persons/*psychology, Humans, Public Policy, Risk Factors, United States}, isbn = {0003-066X (Print)
0003-066X (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y. and Shinn, M.} } @article {689, title = {Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics}, journal = {Terrorism and Political ViolenceTerrorism and Political ViolenceTerrorism and Political Violence}, volume = {27}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, note = {Cp3zh
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:1}, pages = {791-792}, isbn = {0954-6553}, doi = {10.1080/09546553.2015.1068098}, author = {Rak, J.} } @article {5506, title = {Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {Richter, Linda M
Daelmans, Bernadette
Lombardi, Joan
Heymann, Jody
Boo, Florencia Lopez
Behrman, Jere R
Lu, Chunling
Lucas, Jane E
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Dua, Tarun
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Stenberg, Karin
Gertler, Paul
Darmstadt, Gary L
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):103-118. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31698-1. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {103-118}, abstract = {Building on long-term benefits of early intervention (Paper 2 of this Series) and increasing commitment to early childhood development (Paper 1 of this Series), scaled up support for the youngest children is essential to improving health, human capital, and wellbeing across the life course. In this third paper, new analyses show that the burden of poor development is higher than estimated, taking into account additional risk factors. National programmes are needed. Greater political prioritisation is core to scale-up, as are policies that afford families time and financial resources to provide nurturing care for young children. Effective and feasible programmes to support early child development are now available. All sectors, particularly education, and social and child protection, must play a role to meet the holistic needs of young children. However, health provides a critical starting point for scaling up, given its reach to pregnant women, families, and young children. Starting at conception, interventions to promote nurturing care can feasibly build on existing health and nutrition services at limited additional cost. Failure to scale up has severe personal and social consequences. Children at elevated risk for compromised development due to stunting and poverty are likely to forgo about a quarter of average adult income per year, and the cost of inaction to gross domestic product can be double what some countries currently spend on health. Services and interventions to support early childhood development are essential to realising the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, Child Health Services/economics/*organization \& administration, Child Protective Services/economics/organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education)/economics/organization \& administration, Financing, Government, Humans, Maternal Health Services/economics/organization \& administration, Politics, Poverty}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Daelmans, B. and Lombardi, J. and Heymann, J. and Boo, F. L. and Behrman, J. R. and Lu, C. and Lucas, J. E. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Stenberg, K. and Gertler, P. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Paper 3 Working, Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering, Committee} } @article {5928, title = {Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {1474-547x
Richter, Linda M
Daelmans, Bernadette
Lombardi, Joan
Heymann, Jody
Boo, Florencia Lopez
Behrman, Jere R
Lu, Chunling
Lucas, Jane E
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Dua, Tarun
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Stenberg, Karin
Gertler, Paul
Darmstadt, Gary L
Paper 3 Working Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
001/World Health Organization/International
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):103-118. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31698-1. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {103-118}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {Building on long-term benefits of early intervention (Paper 2 of this Series) and increasing commitment to early childhood development (Paper 1 of this Series), scaled up support for the youngest children is essential to improving health, human capital, and wellbeing across the life course. In this third paper, new analyses show that the burden of poor development is higher than estimated, taking into account additional risk factors. National programmes are needed. Greater political prioritisation is core to scale-up, as are policies that afford families time and financial resources to provide nurturing care for young children. Effective and feasible programmes to support early child development are now available. All sectors, particularly education, and social and child protection, must play a role to meet the holistic needs of young children. However, health provides a critical starting point for scaling up, given its reach to pregnant women, families, and young children. Starting at conception, interventions to promote nurturing care can feasibly build on existing health and nutrition services at limited additional cost. Failure to scale up has severe personal and social consequences. Children at elevated risk for compromised development due to stunting and poverty are likely to forgo about a quarter of average adult income per year, and the cost of inaction to gross domestic product can be double what some countries currently spend on health. Services and interventions to support early childhood development are essential to realising the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, Child Health Services/economics/*organization \& administration, Child Protective Services/economics/organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education)/economics/organization \& administration, Financing, Government, Humans, Maternal Health Services/economics/organization \& administration, Politics, Poverty}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31698-1}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Daelmans, B. and Lombardi, J. and Heymann, J. and Boo, F. L. and Behrman, J. R. and Lu, C. and Lucas, J. E. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Stenberg, K. and Gertler, P. and Darmstadt, G. L.} } @article {620, title = {The importance of caregiver-child interactions for the survival and healthy development of young children: A review}, year = {2004}, institution = {World Health Organization}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42878/1/924159134X.pdf}, author = {L. Richter} } @article {711, title = {Introducing the issue, {\textquoteleft}School readiness: Closing racial and ethnic gaps{\textquoteright}}, journal = {The Future of Children}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, pages = {5-14}, url = {https://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/docs/15_01_FullJournal.pdf}, author = {Rouse, C. and Brooks-Gunn, J. and McLanahan, S.} } @article {7318, title = {Improving the mental health of abandoned children: Experiences from a global online intervention.}, journal = {American Psychologist}, volume = {75}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, pages = {1376 - 1388}, keywords = {Displaced persons, global migration, Mental Health}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037/amp0000726}, url = {https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2Famp0000726}, author = {Rygaard, Niels Peter} } @article {6202, title = {IOM manual on community-based mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies and displacement}, year = {2019}, institution = {nternational Organization for Migration}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, keywords = {community-based, Displacement, Emergencies, Mental Health, Psychosocial}, url = {https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/mhpss/manual_july_02_2019r2.pdf}, author = {Schinin{\`a}, G.} } @article {732, title = {Implementation of the PATHS Curriculum in an Urban Elementary School}, journal = {Early Education \& Development}, volume = {15}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-10-2004}, pages = {471 - 486}, issn = {1040-9289}, doi = {10.1207/s15566935eed1504_6}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15566935eed1504_6}, author = {Seifer, Ronald and Gouley, Kathleen and Miller, Alison L. and Zakriski, Audrey} } @article {5933, title = {An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {129}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {1098-4275
Shonkoff, Jack P
Richter, Linda
van der Gaag, Jacques
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Pediatrics. 2012 Feb;129(2):e460-72. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0366. Epub 2012 Jan 4.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e460-72}, edition = {2012/01/06}, abstract = {Building a strong foundation for healthy development in the early years of life is a prerequisite for individual well-being, economic productivity, and harmonious societies around the world. Growing scientific evidence also demonstrates that social and physical environments that threaten human development (because of scarcity, stress, or instability) can lead to short-term physiologic and psychological adjustments that are necessary for immediate survival and adaptation, but which may come at a significant cost to long-term outcomes in learning, behavior, health, and longevity. Generally speaking, ministries of health prioritize child survival and physical well-being, ministries of education focus on schooling, ministries of finance promote economic development, and ministries of welfare address breakdowns across multiple domains of function. Advances in the biological and social sciences offer a unifying framework for generating significant societal benefits by catalyzing greater synergy across these policy sectors. This synergy could inform more effective and efficient investments both to increase the survival of children born under adverse circumstances and to improve life outcomes for those who live beyond the early childhood period yet face high risks for diminished life prospects.}, keywords = {*Child Mortality, *Health Policy, *Health Status Disparities, *Poverty, *Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/*etiology/*mortality, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Global Health, Health Priorities, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Risk Factors}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2011-0366}, author = {Shonkoff, J. P. and Richter, L. and van der Gaag, J. and Bhutta, Z. A.} } @article {3306, title = {The Integration of Education and Peacebuilding: A Review of the Literature}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, institution = {UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Sussex
UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, author = {Alan Smith and Christine Ellison} } @article {3301, title = {The Integration of Education and Peacebuilding: Synthesis Report on Findings from Myanmar, Pakistan, South Africa and Uganda}, year = {2015}, month = {March 2016}, institution = {UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Sussex
UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, author = {Alan Smith and Simone Datzberger and Alan McCully} } @article {6467, title = {In March, half of visitors to the National Sexual Assault hotline were minors}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {Mashable}, keywords = {Child Abuse, COVID-19, sexual abuse}, url = {https://mashable.com/article/coronavirus-child-sexual-abuse/?europe=true}, author = {Thompson, R} } @article {7078, title = {Improving mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in humanitarian settings: reflections on research funded through R2HCAbstract}, journal = {Conflict and Health}, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, keywords = {humanitarian settings, Mental Health, psychosocial support}, doi = {10.1186/s13031-020-00317-6}, url = {https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-020-00317-6$\#$citeas}, author = {Tol, Wietse A. and Ager, Alastair and Bizouerne, Cecile and Bryant, Richard and El Chammay, Rabih and Colebunders, Robert and Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno, Claudia and Hamdani, Syed Usman and James, Leah E. and Jansen, Stefan C.J. and Leku, Marx R. and Likindikoki, Samuel and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Pluess, Michael and Robinson, Courtland and Ruttenberg, Leontien and Savage, Kevin and Welton-Mitchell, Courtney and Hall, Brian J. and Harper Shehadeh, Melissa and Harmer, Anne and van Ommeren, Mark} } @article {6136, title = {The impact of racism on child and adolescent health}, journal = {Pediatrics}, year = {2019}, publisher = {American Academy of Pediatrics}, keywords = {child and adolescent health, racism}, url = {https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2019/07/25/peds.2019-1765.full.pdf}, author = {Trent, M. and Dooley. D.G. and Doug{\'e}, J. and SECTION ON ADOLESCENT HEALTH, COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE} } @article {3341, title = {Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: South Africa Case Study}, year = {2015}, month = {May 2015}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/Equity\%20and\%20Social\%20Cohesion\%20South\%20Africa\%20Case\%20Study.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3336, title = {Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: Uganda Case Study}, year = {2015}, month = {March 2015}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5631, title = {International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World, 2001-2010}, year = {1998}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/53/25}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5626, title = {International Year for the Culture of Peace 2000}, year = {1997}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un-documents.net/e1997r47.htm}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5416, title = {Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {Walker, Susan P
Wachs, Theodore D
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Black, Maureen M
Nelson, Charles A
Huffman, Sandra L
Baker-Henningham, Helen
Chang, Susan M
Hamadani, Jena D
Lozoff, Betsy
Gardner, Julie M Meeks
Powell, Christine A
Rahman, Atif
Richter, Linda
eng
080534/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Comment
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2011/09/29 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1325-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1325-38}, abstract = {Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children{\textquoteright}s risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world{\textquoteright}s poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Wachs, T. D. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Black, M. M. and Nelson, C. A. and Huffman, S. L. and Baker-Henningham, H. and Chang, S. M. and Hamadani, J. D. and Lozoff, B. and Gardner, J. M. and Powell, C. A. and Rahman, A. and Richter, L.} } @article {5937, title = {Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {1474-547x
Walker, Susan P
Wachs, Theodore D
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Black, Maureen M
Nelson, Charles A
Huffman, Sandra L
Baker-Henningham, Helen
Chang, Susan M
Hamadani, Jena D
Lozoff, Betsy
Gardner, Julie M Meeks
Powell, Christine A
Rahman, Atif
Richter, Linda
080534/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Comment
England
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1325-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1325-38}, edition = {2011/09/29}, abstract = {Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children{\textquoteright}s risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world{\textquoteright}s poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60555-2}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Wachs, T. D. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Black, M. M. and Nelson, C. A. and Huffman, S. L. and Baker-Henningham, H. and Chang, S. M. and Hamadani, J. D. and Lozoff, B. and Gardner, J. M. and Powell, C. A. and Rahman, A. and Richter, L.} } @article {5091, title = {Impacts of a prekindergarten program on children{\textquoteright}s mathematics, language, literacy, executive function, and emotional skills}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Weiland, Christina
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/03/29 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Nov-Dec;84(6):2112-30. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12099. Epub 2013 Mar 27.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {2112-30}, abstract = {Publicly funded prekindergarten programs have achieved small-to-large impacts on children{\textquoteright}s cognitive outcomes. The current study examined the impact of a prekindergarten program that implemented a coaching system and consistent literacy, language, and mathematics curricula on these and other nontargeted, essential components of school readiness, such as executive functioning. Participants included 2,018 four and five-year-old children. Findings indicated that the program had moderate-to-large impacts on children{\textquoteright}s language, literacy, numeracy and mathematics skills, and small impacts on children{\textquoteright}s executive functioning and a measure of emotion recognition. Some impacts were considerably larger for some subgroups. For urban public school districts, results inform important programmatic decisions. For policy makers, results confirm that prekindergarten programs can improve educationally vital outcomes for children in meaningful, important ways.}, keywords = {*Language, *Mathematics, Achievement, Boston, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Curriculum, Early Intervention (Education)/methods, Emotions/*physiology, Executive Function/*physiology, Humans, Memory/physiology, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Reading, Teaching/methods, Vocabulary}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Weiland, C. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {214, title = {Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence.}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {37}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1063-75}, abstract = {

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is characterized by a pattern of extreme social reticence, risk for internalizing behavior problems, and possible protection against externalizing behavior problems. Parenting style may also contribute to these associations between BI and behavior problems (BP). A sample of 113 children was assessed for BI in the laboratory at 14 and 24 months of age, self-report of maternal parenting style at 7 years of age, and maternal report of child internalizing and externalizing BP at 4, 7, and 15 years. Internalizing problems at age 4 were greatest among behaviorally inhibited children who also were exposed to permissive parenting. Furthermore, greater authoritative parenting was associated with less of an increase in internalizing behavior problems over time and greater authoritarian parenting was associated with a steeper decline in externalizing problems. Results highlight the importance of considering child and environmental factors in longitudinal patterns of BP across childhood and adolescence.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Authoritarianism, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Inhibition (Psychology), Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Permissiveness, Personality Assessment, Shyness, Social Environment, Statistics as Topic, Temperament}, issn = {1573-2835}, doi = {10.1007/s10802-009-9331-3}, author = {Williams, Lela Rankin and Degnan, Kathryn A and Perez-Edgar, Koraly E and Henderson, Heather A and Rubin, Kenneth H and Pine, Daniel S and Steinberg, Laurence and Fox, Nathan A} } @article {4116, title = {Implementation research for early childhood development programming in humanitarian contexts}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1419}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-05-2018}, pages = {90 - 101}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.2018.1419.issue-110.1111/nyas.13691}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nyas.2018.1419.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nyas.13691http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/nyas.13691/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fnyas.13691}, author = {Murphy, Katie Maeve and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Wuermli, Alice J.}, editor = {Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Aboud, Frances E. and Nores, Milagros and Britto, Pia R.} }