@article {222, title = {Evaluation of an early childhood parenting programme in rural Bangladesh.}, journal = {J Health Popul Nutr}, volume = {25}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {3-13}, abstract = {

To promote physical and mental development of children, parenting education programmes in developing countries focus on specific practices such as age-appropriate responsive stimulation and feeding. A programme delivered to groups of poor mothers of children, aged less than three years, in rural Bangladesh was evaluated using an intervention-control post-test design. Mothers (n=170) who had attended a year of educational sessions and their children were compared with those (n=159) from neighbouring villages who did not have access to such a programme. After covariates were controlled, the parenting mothers obtained higher scores on a test of child-rearing knowledge and on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory of stimulation. The parenting mothers did not communicate differently with their children while doing a picture-talking task, and children did not show benefits in nutritional status or language comprehension. Parenting sessions offered by peer educators were informative and participatory, yet they need to include more practice, problem-solving, and peer-support if information is to be translated into behaviour.

}, keywords = {Adult, Bangladesh, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Intervention Studies, Male, Mothers, Parenting, Parents, Program Evaluation, Social Support}, issn = {1606-0997}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013259/}, author = {Aboud, F. E.} } @article {6251, title = {Empathy an invaluable natural resource for peace}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Foundation Child}, address = {Rome, Italy}, keywords = {conflict resolution, Empathy, peace-building, reconciliation}, url = {http://www.empathy-for-peace.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Empathy-4.pdf}, author = {Abu-Akel, A. and Armour, E. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Charnalia, N. and Leckman, J. and Rounthwaite. D. and Staiti, H.} } @book {7311, title = {Evaluating Interreligious Peacebuilding and Dialogue}, year = {2021}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, organization = {De Gruyter}, keywords = {Interreligious and Intercultural peacebuilding, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.1515/9783110624625}, url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110624625/html}, editor = {Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Nelson, Ren{\'a}ta Katalin} } @article {225, title = {The effect of intranasal oxytocin treatment on conditioned fear extinction and recall in a healthy human sample.}, journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)}, volume = {229}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Sep}, pages = {199-208}, abstract = {

RATIONALE: To improve outcomes for patients undergoing extinction-based therapies (e.g., exposure therapy) for anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there has been interest in identifying pharmaceutical compounds that might facilitate fear extinction learning and recall. Oxytocin (OT) is a mammalian neuropeptide that modulates activation of fear extinction-based neural circuits and fear responses. Little is known, however, about the effects of OT treatment on conditioned fear responding and extinction in humans.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of OT in a fear-potentiated startle task of fear conditioning and extinction.

METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 44 healthy human participants was conducted. Participants underwent a conditioned fear acquisition procedure, after which they were randomized to treatment group and delivered OT (24\ IU) or placebo via intranasal (IN) spray. Forty-five minutes after treatment, participants underwent extinction training. Twenty-four hours later, subjects were tested for extinction recall.

RESULTS: Relative to placebo, the OT group showed increased fear-potentiated startle responding during the earliest stage of extinction training relative to placebo; however, all treatment groups showed the same level of reduced responding by the end of extinction training. Twenty-four hours later, the OT group showed significantly higher recall of extinction relative to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides preliminary evidence that OT may facilitate fear extinction recall in humans. These results support further study of OT as a potential adjunctive treatment for extinction-based therapies in fear-related disorders.

}, keywords = {Adult, Conditioning (Psychology), Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, Oxytocin, Reflex, Startle, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult}, issn = {1432-2072}, doi = {10.1007/s00213-013-3099-4}, author = {Acheson, D. and Feifel, D. and de Wilde, S. and McKinney, R. and Lohr, J. and Risbrough, V.} } @article {630, title = {Essay: Healing through art therapy in disaster settings}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {368}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-12-2006}, pages = {S28 - S29}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69916-9}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673606699169http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673606699169?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673606699169?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {S.H. Ahmed and M.N. Siddiqi} } @article {631, title = {An ethological approach to personality development.}, journal = {American Psychologist}, volume = {46}, year = {1991}, month = {Jan-01-1991}, pages = {333 - 341}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037//0003-066X.46.4.333}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.333}, author = {Ainsworth, Mary S. and Bowlby, John} } @article {165, title = {Evaluation of the Better Parenting Programme in Jordan.}, journal = {Early Child Dev Care}, volume = {181}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jun}, pages = {587-598}, abstract = {

This study evaluates the Better Parenting Programme (BPP), which has been implemented nationally in Jordan to enhance parents\&$\#$39; knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to caring for young children. Participants (N = 337, 94\% female) were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group participated in the BPP; the control group did not. Before and after the BPP, all participants completed questionnaires to assess their knowledge regarding key areas of child development, activities with their children, discipline practices, and perceptions regarding behaviours that constitute child abuse and neglect. Over time, participants in the experimental group (but not the control group) improved on parenting knowledge, spending time playing and reading books with their children, using more explanations during the course of disciplining their child, and accurately perceiving behaviours that constitute child neglect. Results suggest modest beneficial effects of participation in the Better Parenting Programme.

}, issn = {0300-4430}, doi = {10.1080/03004431003654925}, author = {Al-Hassan, Suha M and Lansford, Jennifer E} } @article {6108, title = {Enabling the implementation of the 2030 agenda through SDG 16+: Anchoring peace, justice and inclusion}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City, New York}, keywords = {2030 Agenda, inclusion, justice, peace, SDG 16+, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://www.sdg16hub.org/system/files/2019-07/Global\%20Alliance,\%20SDG\%2016\%2B\%20Global\%20Report.pdf}, author = {Global Alliance} } @article {230, title = {Effects of early intervention and the moderating effects of brain activity on institutionalized children{\textquoteright}s social skills at age 8.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17228-31}, abstract = {

The present study examined the social skills of previously institutionalized, 8-y-old Romanian children from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and the influence of attachment security and brain electrical activity (alpha power) on these skills. Participants included children randomized to an intervention involving foster care [Foster Care Group (FCG)], children randomized to remain in institutions [Care As Usual Group (CAUG)], and never-institutionalized children living with their families in the Bucharest community [Never-Institutionalized Group (NIG)]. A continuous rating of children\&$\#$39;s attachment security to their primary caregiver was assessed at 42 mo of age. When children were 8 y old, teachers rated their social skills, and the children\&$\#$39;s resting electroencephalogram alpha power was recorded. Teachers rated social skills of FCG children who were placed into foster care before 20 mo of age as no different from NIG children, and both of these groups were higher than CAUG children and FCG children placed after 20 mo. Electroencephalogram alpha power at age 8 significantly moderated the relations between attachment security and social skills. These findings characterize institutionalized children\&$\#$39;s social skills in middle childhood within the context of a randomized intervention while highlighting the roles of both relational and biological factors in these developmental trajectories.

}, keywords = {Brain, Caregivers, Child, Child Development, Child, Institutionalized, Early Intervention (Education), Electroencephalography, Female, Foster Home Care, Humans, Male, Object Attachment, Romania, Social Change}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121256109}, author = {Almas, Alisa N and Degnan, Kathryn A and Radulescu, Anca and Nelson, Charles A and Zeanah, Charles H and Fox, Nathan A} } @article {234, title = {The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology.}, journal = {Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci}, volume = {256}, year = {2006}, pages = {174-86}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment has been linked to a variety of changes in brain structure and function and stress-responsive neurobiological systems. Epidemiological studies have documented the impact of childhood maltreatment on health and emotional well-being.

METHODS: After a brief review of the neurobiology of childhood trauma, we use the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study as an epidemiological \"case example\" of the convergence between epidemiologic and neurobiological evidence of the effects of childhood trauma. The ACE Study included 17,337 adult HMO members and assessed 8 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and serious household dysfunction. We used the number of ACEs (ACE score) as a measure of cumulative childhood stress and hypothesized a \"dose-response\" relationship of the ACE score to 18 selected outcomes and to the total number of these outcomes (comorbidity).

RESULTS: Based upon logistic regression analysis, the risk of every outcome in the affective, somatic, substance abuse, memory, sexual,and aggression-related domains increased in a graded fashion as the ACE score increased (P \<0.001). The mean number of comorbid outcomes tripled across the range of the ACE score.

CONCLUSIONS: The graded relationship of the ACE score to 18 different outcomes in multiple domains theoretically parallels the cumulative exposure of the developing brain to the stress response with resulting impairment in multiple brain structures and functions.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Child, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Family Health, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Survivors}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4}, author = {Anda, Robert F and Felitti, Vincent J and Bremner, J Douglas and Walker, John D and Whitfield, Charles and Perry, Bruce D and Dube, Shanta R and Giles, Wayne H} } @article {5016, title = {Emotional, physical, and social needs among 0-5-year-old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures}, journal = {Disasters}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Arbour, MaryCatherine
Murray, Kara A
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Arriet, Felipe
Moraga, Cecilia
Vega, Miguel Angel Cordero
eng
England
2016/05/14 06:00
Disasters. 2017 Apr;41(2):365-387. doi: 10.1111/disa.12197. Epub 2016 May 12.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {365-387}, abstract = {An 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0-5-year-old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post-earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children{\textquoteright}s emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well-being and ongoing risks in post-disaster settings.}, keywords = {*Disasters, *Earthquakes, *Homeless Youth/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, *Needs Assessment, Child Development, child status index, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, children, Chile, earthquake, Emotions, Female, Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Health, nutrition, post-disaster, Relief Work, socio-emotional well-being}, isbn = {1467-7717 (Electronic)
0361-3666 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1111/disa.12197}, author = {Arbour, M. and Murray, K. A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Arriet, F. and Moraga, C. and Vega, M. A.} } @article {7382, title = {Evaluation of the Responsible, Engaged, and Loving (REAL) Fathers Initiative on Physical Child Punishment and Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Uganda}, journal = {Prevention Science}, volume = {18}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-10-2017}, pages = {854 - 864}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Gender, Intimate Partner Violence, men, Uganda}, issn = {1389-4986}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-016-0713-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11121-016-0713-9}, author = {Ashburn, Kim and Kerner, Brad and Ojamuge, Dickens and Lundgren, Rebecka} } @article {239, title = {The emotional costs of parents{\textquoteright} conditional regard: a self-determination theory analysis.}, journal = {J Pers}, volume = {72}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Feb}, pages = {47-88}, abstract = {

Parents\&$\#$39; use of conditional regard as a socializing practice was hypothesized to predict their children\&$\#$39;s introjected internalization (indexed by a sense of internal compulsion), resentment toward parents, and ill-being. In Study 1, involving three generations, mothers\&$\#$39; reports of their parents\&$\#$39; having used conditional regard to promote academic achievement predicted (a) the mothers\&$\#$39; poor well-being and controlling parenting attitudes, and (b) their college-aged daughters\&$\#$39; viewing them as having used conditional regard, thus showing both negative affective consequences from and intergenerational transmission of conditional regard. Study 2 expanded on the first by using four domains, including both genders, and examining mediating processes. College students\&$\#$39; perceptions of their mothers\&$\#$39; and fathers\&$\#$39; having used conditional regard in four domains (emotion control, prosocial, academic, sport) were found to relate to introjected internalization, behavioral enactment, fluctuations in self-esteem, perceived parental disapproval, and resentment of parents. Introjection mediated the link from conditional regard to behavioral enactment. The results suggest that use of conditional regard as a socializing practice can promote enactment of the desired behaviors but does so with significant affective costs.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Personal Autonomy, Psychological Theory, Self Concept, Socialization}, issn = {0022-3506}, doi = {10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00256.x}, author = {Assor, Avi and Roth, Guy and Deci, Edward L} } @inbook {560, title = {Early Childhood as a Foundation for Civic Engagement}, booktitle = {Handbook of Research of Civic Engagement in Youth}, year = {2010}, pages = {249-275}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470522747.html}, author = {J. Astuto and M. D. Ruck}, editor = {L. Sherrod et al.} } @article {242, title = {Effects of political and military traumas on children: the Palestinian case.}, journal = {Clin Psychol Rev}, volume = {19}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Dec}, pages = {935-50}, abstract = {

Social scientists have long recognized that individuals subjected to traumatic events associated with military and political conflict experience dire psychological consequences. The systematic study of this phenomenon, however, could be considered a nascent event. Research on the psychological sequel of traumatic events (traumatology) is well-rooted in the recognition and development of posttraumatic stress disorder as a separate psychological disorder category. The early studies in this field focused mainly on adult populations. With the recent advent of involvement of children in military conflicts such as in Africa (e.g., Mozambique), the Middle East (e.g., Palestine, Lebanon), and Southeast Asia (e.g., Cambodia), psychologists have taken a keen interest in examining the psychological effects such conflicts reap on children. Hence, a growing but modest body of literature has been amassed within the past 20 years on the subject. This article is an attempt to synthesize this literature in order to examine the universal and culture-specific correlates of political and military trauma. Specifically, the article will focus on the psychological symptoms children display following their exposure to such traumatic events. Special emphasis will be placed on anxiety, phobic, psychosomatic, and depressive symptoms. More importantly, however, an examination will be made to ascertain which factors (e.g., psychosocial, cultural, and political) serve to shield (protect) or predispose (vulnerability) children to psychological dysfunction. Furthermore, the analyses presented will be gender specific. The article will attempt to delineate a paradigm that explains the relationship between trauma, culture, and personality. Although the article will examine studies from various regions, specific emphasis will be placed on the Palestinian experience.

}, keywords = {Adult, Arabs, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Israel, Male, Politics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, War}, issn = {0272-7358}, doi = {10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00004-5}, author = {Baker, A and Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N} } @article {250, title = {Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by dopamine receptor D4: a randomized control trial on 1- to 3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {20}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Summer}, pages = {805-20}, abstract = {

The effect of the Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) on daily cortisol production was tested in a randomized controlled trial with 130 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior. Six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline were conducted with individual families at their homes. Children in the intervention group showed lower cortisol levels, with a moderating role of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) VNTR exon III polymorphism. The VIPP-SD program proved to be effective in decreasing daily cortisol production in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, but not in children without the DRD4 7-repeat allele. Our findings indicate that children are differentially susceptible to intervention effects dependent on the presence of the 7-repeat DRD4 allele.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Arousal, Behavior Therapy, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Education, Exons, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Internal-External Control, Minisatellite Repeats, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Temperament, Video Recording}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579408000382}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H and Mesman, Judi and Alink, Lenneke R A and Juffer, Femmie} } @article {7360, title = {Evaluating the 3Cs Program for Caregivers of Young Children Affected by the Armed Conflict in Colombia}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Mar-12-2022}, pages = {212}, keywords = {armed conflict, caregiving, Colombia}, doi = {10.33682/1fpc-xz1910.33682/14b2-4nmm}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/63549}, author = {Gonz{\'a}lez Ballesteros, Lina Mar{\'\i}a and Flores, Jos{\'e} M. and Ortiz Hoyos, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Londo{\~n}o Tob{\'o}n, Amalia and Hein, Sascha and Bol{\'\i}var Rincon, Felipe and G{\'o}mez, Oscar and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @article {640, title = {Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy}, journal = {Current Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological Science}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, note = {471lh
Times Cited:354
Cited References Count:20}, month = {Jun}, pages = {75-78}, abstract = {

Social cognitive theory adopts an agentic perspective in which individuals are producers of experiences and shapers of events. Among the mechanisms of human agency, none is more focal or pervading than the belief of personal efficacy. This core belief is the foundation of human agency. Unless people believe that they can produce desired effects and forestall undesired ones by their actions, they have little incentive to act. The growing interdependence of human functioning is placing a premium on the exercise of collective agency through shared beliefs in the power to produce effects by collective action. The present article analyzes the nature of perceived collective efficacy and its centrality in how people live their lives. Perceived collective efficacy fosters groups\&$\#$39; motivational commitment to their missions, resilience to adversity, and performance accomplishment.

}, keywords = {collective agency, collectivism-individualism, emergent properties, interdependence, multilevel, perceived self-efficacy, performance, self-efficacy, social cognitive theory, team}, isbn = {0963-7214}, doi = {10.1111/1467-8721.00064}, author = {Bandura, A.} } @article {5476, title = {Early childhood development: a new challenge for the SDG era}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {2016}, note = {Barros, Aluisio J D
Ewerling, Fernanda
eng
Comment
England
2016/11/20 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e873-e874. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30298-4.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e873-e874}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Public Health, Child, Preschool, Humans}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30298-4}, author = {Barros, A. J. and Ewerling, F.} } @article {259, title = {Effects of oxytocin on recollections of maternal care and closeness.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {107}, year = {2010}, pages = {21371-5}, abstract = {

Although the infant-caregiver attachment bond is critical to survival, little is known about the biological mechanisms supporting attachment representations in humans. Oxytocin plays a key role in attachment bond formation and maintenance in animals and thus could be expected to affect attachment representations in humans. To investigate this possibility, we administered 24 IU intranasal oxytocin to healthy male adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study and then assessed memories of childhood maternal care and closeness--two features of the attachment bond. We found that the effects of oxytocin were moderated by the attachment representations people possess, with less anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo) but more anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as less caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo). These data contrast with the popular notion that oxytocin has broad positive effects on social perception and are more consistent with the animal literature, which emphasizes oxytocin\&$\#$39;s role in encoding social memories and linking those memories to the reward value of the social stimulus.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Animals, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Memory, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Placebos, Social Perception}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012669107}, author = {Bartz, Jennifer A and Zaki, Jamil and Ochsner, Kevin N and Bolger, Niall and Kolevzon, Alexander and Ludwig, Natasha and Lydon, John E} } @article {375, title = {Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study.}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {332}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jun 24}, pages = {1476}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) on children and their families. To assess whether variations in the effectiveness of SSLPs are due to differences in implementation.

DESIGN: Quasi-experimental cross sectional study using interviews with mothers and cognitive assessment of children aged 36 months who speak English.

SETTING: Socially deprived communities in England: 150 communities with ongoing SSLPs and 50 comparison communities.

PARTICIPANTS: Mothers of 12,575 children aged 9 months and 3927 children aged 36 months in SSLP areas; mothers of 1509 children aged 9 months and 1101 children aged 36 months in comparison communities.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Mothers\&$\#$39; reports of community services and local area, family functioning and parenting skills, child health and development, and verbal ability at 36 months.

RESULTS: Differences between SSLP areas and comparison areas were limited, small, and varied by degree of social deprivation. SSLPs had beneficial effects on non-teenage mothers (better parenting, better social functioning in children) and adverse effects on children of teenage mothers (poorer social functioning) and children of single parents or parents who did not work (lower verbal ability). SSLPs led by health services were slightly more effective than other SSLPs.

CONCLUSION: SSLPs seem to benefit relatively less socially deprived parents (who have greater personal resources) and their children but seem to have an adverse effect on the most disadvantaged children. Programmes led by health services seem to be more effective than programmes led by other agencies.

}, keywords = {Child Development, Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services, Cross-Sectional Studies, Early Intervention (Education), England, Family Health, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Mothers, Phonetics, Poverty Areas, Program Evaluation}, issn = {1756-1833}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.38853.451748.2F}, author = {Belsky, Jay and Melhuish, Edward and Barnes, Jacqueline and Leyland, Alastair H and Romaniuk, Helena} } @article {268, title = {Enhancing attachment organization among maltreated children: results of a randomized clinical trial.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Mar-Apr}, pages = {623-36}, abstract = {

Young children who have experienced early adversity are at risk for developing disorganized attachments. The efficacy of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), an intervention targeting nurturing care among parents identified as being at risk for neglecting their young children, was evaluated through a randomized clinical trial. Attachment quality was assessed in the Strange Situation for 120 children between 11.7 and 31.9 months of age (M = 19.1, SD = 5.5). Children in the ABC intervention showed significantly lower rates of disorganized attachment (32\%) and higher rates of secure attachment (52\%) relative to the control intervention (57\% and 33\%, respectively). These results support the efficacy of the ABC intervention in enhancing attachment quality among parents at high risk for maltreatment.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x}, author = {Bernard, Kristin and Dozier, Mary and Bick, Johanna and Lewis-Morrarty, Erin and Lindhiem, Oliver and Carlson, Elizabeth} } @article {5694, title = {Early Childhood Matters Magazine }, year = {2018}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, url = {http://earlychildhoodmagazine.org/}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {5744, title = {Early Childhood Matters | Special Issue "A good start: Advances in early childhood development"}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul 2015}, pages = {1-106}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood care and education}, url = {https://bernardvanleer.org/publications-reports/a-good-start-advances-in-early-childhood-development/}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {6211, title = {Early Childhood Education and Care Physical Environment and Child Development: State of the art and Reflections on Future Orientations and Methodologies}, journal = {Educational Psychology Review}, year = {2019}, month = {Sep-05-2019}, keywords = {Adults{\textquoteright} perceptions, Child Development, Children{\textquoteright}s perceptions, Early childhood education and care services, Physical environment}, issn = {1040-726X}, doi = {10.1007/s10648-019-09486-0}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10648-019-09486-0}, author = {Berti, Sara and Cigala, Ada and Sharmahd, Nima} } @article {4756, title = {Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, year = {2016}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa
Smith Fawzi, Mary C
Stevenson, Anne
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Kirk, Catherine
Ng, Lauren
Mushashi, Christina
Bizimana, Justin I
Beardslee, William
Raviola, Giuseppe
Smith, Stephanie
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
Binagwaho, Agnes
eng
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH093310/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
2016/06/29 06:00
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 28;11(6):e0157042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157042. eCollection 2016.}, pages = {e0157042}, abstract = {A "risk of harm" protocol to identify youth in need of immediate emergency assistance in a study on mental health and HIV in Rwanda among 680 youth ages 10-17 is described. Cases are presented that describe the experience in using this protocol to ensure safety of participants, with ethical and logistical challenges considered. Among the population of the study, 3.2\% were deemed "risk of harm." The most prevalent presenting problem was non-fatal suicidal behavior (91\% of risk of harm cases), with 36\% having a history of a reported previous attempt. Challenges included: acute food insecurity/significant poverty; lack of support/adequate supervision from family members; family violence; alcohol abuse; and HIV-related stigma. Development of a "risk of harm" protocol and collaboration between study staff, community leadership, health authorities, and health workers are critical to ensuring participants{\textquoteright} safety in research among vulnerable populations.}, keywords = {*Vulnerable Populations, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology, Adolescent, Child, Community-Based Participatory Research/*ethics/methods, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health/statistics \& numerical data, Rwanda, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Smith Fawzi, M. C. and Stevenson, A. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Kirk, C. and Ng, L. and Mushashi, C. and Bizimana, J. I. and Beardslee, W. and Raviola, G. and Smith, S. and Kayiteshonga, Y. and Binagwaho, A.} } @article {5865, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {LancetLancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {1474-547x
Black, Maureen M
Walker, Susan P
Fernald, Lia C H
Andersen, Christopher T
DiGirolamo, Ann M
Lu, Chunling
McCoy, Dana C
Fink, Gunther
Shawar, Yusra R
Shiffman, Jeremy
Devercelli, Amanda E
Wodon, Quentin T
Vargas-Baron, Emily
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):77-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {77-90}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Brain/growth \& development, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care/organization \& administration, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/etiology/*prevention \& control, Growth Disorders, Humans, Poverty, Preventive Health Services/organization \& administration, Risk Factors}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Black, M. M. and Walker, S. P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and Andersen, C. T. and DiGirolamo, A. M. and Lu, C. and McCoy, D. C. and Fink, G. and Shawar, Y. R. and Shiffman, J. and Devercelli, A. E. and Wodon, Q. T. and Vargas-Baron, E. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {5486, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {Black, Maureen M
Walker, Susan P
Fernald, Lia C H
Andersen, Christopher T
DiGirolamo, Ann M
Lu, Chunling
McCoy, Dana C
Fink, Gunther
Shawar, Yusra R
Shiffman, Jeremy
Devercelli, Amanda E
Wodon, Quentin T
Vargas-Baron, Emily
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
eng
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):77-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {77-90}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Brain/growth \& development, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care/organization \& administration, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/etiology/*prevention \& control, Growth Disorders, Humans, Poverty, Preventive Health Services/organization \& administration, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Black, M. M. and Walker, S. P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and Andersen, C. T. and DiGirolamo, A. M. and Lu, C. and McCoy, D. C. and Fink, G. and Shawar, Y. R. and Shiffman, J. and Devercelli, A. E. and Wodon, Q. T. and Vargas-Baron, E. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering, Committee} } @article {2386, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, year = {2017}, pages = {90}, chapter = {77}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7}, author = {Black, M. M.} } @article {376, title = {The effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on preschool children with co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties.}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {30}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Dec}, pages = {571-87}, abstract = {

Two variants of a behavioral family intervention (BFI) program known as Triple P were compared using 87 preschoolers with co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties. Families were randomly allocated to enhanced BFI (EBFI), standard BFI (SBFI), or a waitlist (WL) control group. At postintervention both BFI programs were associated with significantly lower levels of parent-reported child behavior problems, lower levels of dysfunctional parenting, and greater parental competence than the WL condition. The EBFI condition was also associated with significantly less observed child negative behavior in comparison to the WL. The gains achieved at postintervention were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Contrary to predictions, the enhanced program was not shown to be superior to the standard program using any of the outcome measures at either postintervention or follow-up. Each of the programs produced significant reductions in children\&$\#$39;s co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties with 80\% of the children showing clinically reliable improvement in observed negative behavior from preintervention to follow-up.

}, keywords = {Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Child, Preschool, Combined Modality Therapy, Comorbidity, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Parents, Socialization}, issn = {0091-0627}, author = {Bor, William and Sanders, Matthew R and Markie-Dadds, Carol} } @article {4876, title = {Efforts to Promote Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Traumatized Former Child Soldiers: Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone: The Role of Caregivers and Their Awareness of the Violence Adolescents Experienced During the War}, journal = {J Aggress Maltreat Trauma}, volume = {22}, number = {8}, year = {2013}, note = {Borisova, Ivelina I
Betancourt, Theresa S
Willett, John B
eng
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2013/01/01 00:00
J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2013;22(8):803-828. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2013.824059. Epub 2013 Sep 12.}, pages = {803-828}, abstract = {This article explores the role of caregivers in the reintegration of former child soldiers from Sierra Leone. Using data on 282 youth and their respective caregivers, our aim is to focus on the caregiver-child relationship after reintegration. We investigate the extent to which caregivers know about child soldiers{\textquoteright} experiences of direct and indirect violence, as well as involvement in war activities. We further examine variables that might shape the degree of caregiver knowledge of child{\textquoteright}s war experiences. Finally, we examine if caregiver knowledge of war experiences is associated with child{\textquoteright}s psychosocial outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of developing thoughtful programs that consider the needs of the child in the context of the family and caregivers with whom he or she is reunified.}, keywords = {child soldiers, exposure to violence, Family, Mental Health, Sierra Leone, War}, isbn = {1092-6771 (Print)
1092-6771 (Linking)}, author = {Borisova, I. and Betancourt, T. S. and Willett, J. B.} } @book {494, title = {Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers}, year = {2001}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, isbn = {9780309503891}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/read/9745/chapter/1}, author = {Bowman, B.T. and Donovan, M.S. and Burns, M.S. and Pedagogy, C.E.C. and Board on Behavioral, C.S.S. and Education, D.B.S.S. and Council, N.R.} } @article {284, title = {Exposure to violence across the social ecosystem and the development of aggression: a test of ecological theory in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan-Feb}, pages = {163-77}, abstract = {

Bronfenbrenner\&$\#$39;s (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems should influence human development through their impact on events in lower order social ecosystems. This proposition was tested with respect to ecological violence and the development of children\&$\#$39;s aggression via analyses of 3 waves of data (1 wave yearly for 3 years) from 3 age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14) representing three populations in the Middle East: Palestinians (N = 600), Israeli Jews (N = 451), and Israeli Arabs (N = 450). Results supported a hypothesized model in which ethnopolitical violence increases community, family, and school violence and children\&$\#$39;s aggression. Findings are discussed with respect to ecological and observational learning perspectives on the development of aggressive behavior.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Aggression, Arabs, Child, Conflict (Psychology), Female, Humans, Jews, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle East, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01848.x}, author = {Boxer, Paul and Rowell Huesmann, L and Dubow, Eric F and Landau, Simha F and Gvirsman, Shira Dvir and Shikaki, Khalil and Ginges, Jeremy} } @article {4261, title = {Early childhood development: promoting the potential of all children}, journal = {AIDSAIDS}, volume = {28 Suppl 3}, year = {2014}, note = {Britto, Pia Rebello
Clure, Craig Mc
Stansbery, Pablo
Fenn, Thomas
eng
England
2014/07/06 06:00
AIDS. 2014 Jul;28 Suppl 3:S245-6. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000380.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {S245-6}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Family Health, *Parent-Child Relations, Child, Child, Preschool, HIV Infections/*prevention \& control/*psychology, Humans}, isbn = {1473-5571 (Electronic)
0269-9370 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Clure, C. M. and Stansbery, P. and Fenn, T.} } @inbook {5536, title = {Ecology of peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {27-39}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Peace is a state of being that encompasses harmonious international as well as intra- and interpersonal relationships, directly impacting an individual{\textquoteright}s safety and prosperity. For an individual, peace is a positive {\textquotedblleft}state of mind{\textquotedblright} conditioned by our histories and context. The concept {\textquotedblleft}ecology of peace{\textquotedblright} is introduced to capture these vast interconnected ecosystems that extend from our internal biology to our subjective sense of self (i.e., our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors) to the environments in which we live. It is our thesis that positive, stimulating, and harmonious early childhoods can contribute to peace and human security, and that early-life interventions have transformative power which may help lay the foundations for conflict resolution and peace in future generations. As such, we posit that these interventions can contribute to {\textquotedblleft} peacebuilding{\textquotedblright} (actions that promote sustainable peace by supporting the prosocial skills needed for peace) as well as {\textquotedblleft} peacemaking{\textquotedblright} through the enhancement of positive reciprocal communication within families, communities, and nations. This chapter reviews (a) neurobiological foundations of peace, including genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, developmental, and social factors that shape young brains; (b) the importance of parenting and early learning for peacebuilding; and (c) the place that early childhood can play in bridging the gap between peacebuilding and peacemaking. Evidence from available developmental neurobiology as well as social and economic studies suggests that change in favor of peace can be initiated not only from the top down, through official policies and agencies, but also from the bottom up, by supporting the physical, emotional, and social development of children and the well-being of their families and communities.}, keywords = {conflict resolution, neurobiological foundation of peace, Parenting, peacebuilding, peacemaking}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0003}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {P. R. Britto and I. Gordon and W. Hodges and D. Sunar and C. Kagitcibasi and J. Leckman}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @book {497, title = {The Ecology of Human Development: experiments by nature and design}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674028845}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=8cf0FYm0jW0C}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @book {496, title = {The Ecology of Human Development}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674224575}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=OCmbzWka6xUC}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @inbook {570, title = {Ecological Systems Theory}, booktitle = {Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development}, year = {2005}, pages = {106-173}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, organization = {SAGE Publications}, isbn = {9780761927129}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=fJS-Bie75ikC}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @article {604, title = {Evaluation Report of the Better Parenting Project: National multisectoral collaboration on behalf of young children}, year = {2000}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Amman}, url = {http://www.comminit.com/global/content/evaluation-report-better-parenting-project}, author = {J. Brown} } @article {655, title = {Early Intervention and Mediating Processes in Cognitive Performance of Children of Low-Income African American Families}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {68}, number = {5}, year = {1997}, pages = {935-954}, publisher = {Wiley}, abstract = {

This longitudinal study of 161 African American children from low-income families examined multiple influences, including early childhood interventions and characteristics of the child and family, on longitudinal patterns of children\&$\#$39;s cognitive performance measured between 6 months and 8 years of age. Results indicate that more optimal patterns of cognitive development were associated with intensive early educational child care, responsive stimulating care at home, and higher maternal IQ. In accordance with a general systems model, analyses also suggested that child care experiences were related to better cognitive performance in part through enhancing the infant\&$\#$39;s responsiveness to his or her environment. Maternal IQ had both a direct effect on cognitive performance during early childhood and, also, an indirect effect through its influence on the family environment.

}, isbn = {00093920, 14678624}, doi = {10.2307/1132043}, author = {Burchinal, Margaret R. and Campbell, Frances A. and Bryant, Donna M. and Wasik, Barbara H. and Ramey, Craig T.} } @article {305, title = {Environmental regulation of the neural epigenome.}, journal = {FEBS Lett}, volume = {585}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul 7}, pages = {2049-58}, abstract = {

Parental effects are a major source of phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, there is evidence from studies with a wide range of species that the relevant parental signals are influenced by the quality of the parental environment. The link between the quality of the environment and the nature of the parental signal is consistent with the idea that parental effects, whether direct or indirect, might serve to influence the phenotype of the offspring in a manner that is consistent with the prevailing environmental demands. In this review we explore recent studies from the field of \&$\#$39;environmental epigenetics\&$\#$39; that suggest that (1) DNA methylation states are far more variable than once thought and that, at least within specific regions of the genome, there is evidence for both demethylation and remethylation in post-mitotic cells and (2) that such remodeling of DNA methylation can occur in response to environmentally-driven, intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, studies of variation in mother-offspring interactions in rodents suggest that parental signals operate during pre- and/or post-natal life to influence the DNA methylation state at specific regions of the genome leading to sustained changes in gene expression and function. We suggest that DNA methylation is a candidate mechanism for parental effects on phenotypic variation.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Environment, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Humans, Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Pituitary-Adrenal System}, issn = {1873-3468}, doi = {10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.032}, author = {Caldji, Christian and Hellstrom, Ian C and Zhang, Tie-Yuan and Diorio, Josie and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {5709, title = {Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health}, journal = {ScienceScience}, volume = {343}, number = {6178}, year = {2014}, note = {Campbell, Frances
Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Pungello, Elizabeth
Pan, Yi
eng
1R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
RC1 MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5RC1MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/03/29 06:00
Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1478-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1248429.}, month = {Mar 28}, pages = {1478-85}, abstract = {High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.}, keywords = {Adult, Biomarkers/blood, Blood Preservation, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Child, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Diet, Early Medical Intervention/*methods, Female, Health, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)
0036-8075 (Linking)}, author = {Campbell, F. and Conti, G. and Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Pungello, E. and Pan, Y.} } @article {311, title = {Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: a follow-up study of children from low-income families.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {684-98}, abstract = {

Follow-up data, obtained 4-7 years after intervention ended, are presented for the Carolina Abecedarian Project, an experimental study of early childhood educational intervention for children from poverty families. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention conditions: educational treatment from infancy through 3 years in public school (up to age 8); preschool treatment only (infancy to age 5); primary school treatment only (age 5-8 years), or an untreated control group. Positive effects of preschool treatment on intellectual development and academic achievement were maintained through age 12. School-age treatment alone was less effective. Results generally supported an intensity hypothesis in that scores on cognitive and academic achievement measures increased as duration of treatment increased.

}, keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Education, Special, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intellectual Disability, Intelligence, Male, North Carolina, Poverty, Social Environment, Wechsler Scales}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Campbell, F A and Ramey, C T} } @article {310, title = {Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {343}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar 28}, pages = {1478-85}, abstract = {

High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.

}, keywords = {Adult, Biological Markers, Blood Preservation, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Cholesterol, HDL, Diet, Early Medical Intervention, Female, Health, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1248429}, author = {Campbell, Frances and Conti, Gabriella and Heckman, James J and Moon, Seong Hyeok and Pinto, Rodrigo and Pungello, Elizabeth and Pan, Yi} } @article {717, title = {The effects of Healthy Steps on discipline strategies of parents of young children}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {24}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-10-2003}, pages = {517 - 534}, issn = {01933973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2003.08.004}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0193397303000984http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0193397303000984?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0193397303000984?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Caughy, Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Miller, Therese L. and Genevro, Janice L. and Huang, Keng-Yen and Nautiyal, Charu} } @article {5871, title = {Epigenetic legacy of parental experiences: Dynamic and interactive pathways to inheritance}, journal = {Dev PsychopatholDev PsychopatholDev Psychopathol}, volume = {28}, number = {4pt2}, year = {2016}, note = {1469-2198
Champagne, Frances A
R01 MH092580/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
P50 MH090964/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
United States
Dev Psychopathol. 2016 Nov;28(4pt2):1219-1228. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416000808. Epub 2016 Sep 30.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1219-1228}, edition = {2016/10/26}, abstract = {The quality of the environment experienced by an individual across his or her lifespan can result in a unique developmental trajectory with consequences for adult phenotype and reproductive success. However, it is also evident that these experiences can impact the development of offspring with continued effect on subsequent generations. Epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as a mediator of both these within- and across-generation effects, and there is increasing evidence to support the role of environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs in predicting these outcomes. Advances in our understanding of these molecular modifications contribute to increasingly nuanced perspectives on plasticity and transmission of phenotypes across generations. A challenge that emerges from this research is in how we integrate these "new" perspectives with traditional views of development, reproduction, and inheritance. This paper will highlight evidence suggestive of an epigenetic impact of the environment on mothers, fathers, and their offspring, and illustrate the importance of considering the dynamic nature of reproduction and development and inclusive views of inheritance within the evolving field of behavioral and environmental epigenetics.}, keywords = {*Phenotype, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Methylation/genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics, Female, Genotype, Histones/genetics, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Inheritance/*genetics, Parenting/*psychology, Paternal Inheritance/*genetics, Pregnancy, Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics, RNA, Untranslated/genetics, Social Environment}, isbn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/s0954579416000808}, author = {Champagne, F. A.} } @article {2721, title = {The early years: silent emergency or unique opportunity?}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {11-13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31701-9}, author = {Chan, Margaret and Lake, Anthony and Hansen, Keith} } @article {5952, title = {Exploring antenatal education content for couples in Blantyre, Malawi}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {18}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-018-2137-y}, url = {https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-018-2137-yhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12884-018-2137-y.pdf}, author = {Chikalipo, Maria Chifuniro and Chirwa, Ellen Mbweza and Muula, Adamson Sinjani} } @inbook {574, title = {An Ecological Transactional Perspective on Child Maltreatment: Failure of the Average Expectable Environment and Its Influence Upon Child Development}, booktitle = {Developmental Psychopathology, Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation}, volume = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {129-201}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9780470050064}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471237388.html}, author = {Cicchetti, D. and K. Valentino}, editor = {Cicchetti, D. and Cohen, D.J.} } @article {5960, title = {Evaluation of the Media Initiative for Children-Respecting Difference Programme in the Education Sector}, year = {2015}, url = {https://www.early-years.org/mifc/schools-report/Respecting\%20Difference\%20in\%20Education\%20Evaluation.pdf}, author = {Collins, K.} } @article {5706, title = {The Effects of Two Influential Early Childhood Interventions on Health and Healthy Behaviour}, journal = {Econ J (London)Econ J (London)}, volume = {126}, number = {596}, year = {2016}, note = {Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R24 AG048081/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
England
2017/03/07 06:00
Econ J (London). 2016 Oct;126(596):F28-F65. doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12420. Epub 2016 Dec 7.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {F28-F65}, abstract = {This paper examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviors of two of the oldest and most widely cited U.S. early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomization with long-term follow-up: the Perry Preschool Project (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). There are pronounced gender effects strongly favoring boys, although there are also effects for girls. Dynamic mediation analyses show a significant role played by improved childhood traits, above and beyond the effects of experimentally enhanced adult socioeconomic status. These results show the potential of early life interventions for promoting health.}, keywords = {Abecedarian Project, early childhood intervention, Health, Perry Preschool Project, randomized trial, social experiment}, isbn = {0013-0133 (Print)
0013-0133 (Linking)}, author = {Conti, G. and Heckman, J. and Pinto, R.} } @article {863, title = {Evaluation of a Wraparound Process for Children Exposed to Family Violence}, journal = {Best Practice in Mental Health}, volume = {4}, year = {2008}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Numerous programs have been established to help children who have experienced or are experiencing family violence, but few of these programs have been systematically evaluated. To contribute to the field\&$\#$39;s understanding of interventions for young children exposed to family violence and their families, we evaluated an intervention that offers comprehensive assessment, targeted caregiver-child intervention, individualized service planning, and care coordination. Baseline-to-discharge results revealed (1) a significant decrease over time in the number of potentially traumatic events that children experienced, including family and nonfamily violence events, (2) significant decreases over time in children\&$\#$39;s post-traumatic stress-intrusive thoughts and post-traumatic stress-avoidance behaviors, (3) significant decreases in self-reported stress associated with the parenting role among caregivers, (4) favorable ratings of services by caregivers, and (5) high levels of service receipt.

}, keywords = {caregiver-child intervention, childhood trauma, family violence}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/31545475/evaluation-wraparound-process-children-exposed-family-violence}, author = {Crusto, C.A. and Lowell, D. I. and Paulicin, B. and Reynolds, J. and Feinn, R. and Friedman, S.R. and Kaufman, J.S.} } @article {5715, title = {The Economics and Psychology of Inequality and Human Development}, journal = {J Eur Econ AssocJ Eur Econ Assoc}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Cunha, Flavio
Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2009/01/01 00:00
J Eur Econ Assoc. 2009;7(2):320-364.}, pages = {320-364}, abstract = {Recent research on the economics of human development deepens understanding of the origins of inequality and excellence. It draws on and contributes to personality psychology and the psychology of human development. Inequalities in family environments and investments in children are substantial. They causally affect the development of capabilities. Both cognitive and noncognitive capabilities determine success in life but to varying degrees for different outcomes. An empirically determined technology of capability formation reveals that capabilities are self-productive and cross-fertilizing and can be enhanced by investment. Investments in capabilities are relatively more productive at some stages of a child{\textquoteright}s life cycle than others. Optimal child investment strategies differ depending on target outcomes of interest and on the nature of adversity in a child{\textquoteright}s early years. For some configurations of early disadvantage and for some desired outcomes, it is efficient to invest relatively more in the later years of childhood than in the early years.}, isbn = {1542-4766 (Print)
1542-4766 (Linking)}, author = {Cunha, F. and Heckman, J. J.} } @article {2771, title = {Early childhood development: the foundation of sustainable development}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, pages = {9-11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31659-2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31659-2}, author = {Daelmans, B. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Lombardi, J. and Black, M. M. and Britto, P. R. and Lye, S. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Richter, L. M.} } @article {4321, title = {Effective interventions and strategies for improving early child development}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {351}, year = {2015}, note = {Daelmans, Bernadette
Black, Maureen M
Lombardi, Joan
Lucas, Jane
Richter, Linda
Silver, Karlee
Britto, Pia
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
MacMillan, Harriet
Dua, Tarun
Bouhouch, Raschida R
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Darmstadt, Gary L
Rao, Nirmala
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
England
2015/09/16 06:00
BMJ. 2015 Sep 14;351:h4029.}, month = {Sep 14}, pages = {h4029}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Mental Health, *Social Support, Adolescent, Child, Child Health Services/*organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Evidence-Based Medicine, Global Health, Health Services Research, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services/*organization \& administration/standards/trends, Mothers, Nutrition Policy, Poverty/prevention \& control/trends, Preconception Care/*organization \& administration, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality of Health Care, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization}, isbn = {1756-1833 (Electronic)
0959-8138 (Linking)}, author = {Daelmans, B. and Black, M. M. and Lombardi, J. and Lucas, J. and Richter, L. and Silver, K. and Britto, P. and Yoshikawa, H. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and MacMillan, H. and Dua, T. and Bouhouch, R. R. and Bhutta, Z. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Rao, N. and steering committee of a new scientific series on early child, development} } @inbook {2606, title = {Empathy-Related Emotional Responses, Altruism, and Their Socialization.}, year = {2002}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130430.001.0001}, author = {Richard J. Davidson and Anne Harrington} } @article {718, title = {Enhancing the Interactions of Teenage Mothers and Their At-Risk Children: Effectiveness of a Maternal-Focused Intervention}, journal = {Topics in Early Childhood Special Education}, volume = {26}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-01-2006}, pages = {194 - 205}, issn = {0271-1214}, doi = {10.1177/02711214060260040101}, url = {http://tec.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/02711214060260040101}, author = {Deutscher, B. and Fewell, R. R. and Gross, M.} } @book {2636, title = {Experience and Education, 60th Anniversary Edition}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Kappa Delta Pi}, organization = {Kappa Delta Pi}, isbn = {9780912099354}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=UE2EusaU53IC}, author = {Dewey, J.} } @article {865, title = {Effectiveness of the Turkish Version of "First Step to Success Program" in Preventing Antisocial Behaviors}, journal = {Education \& Science / Egitim ve Bilim}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, month = {07/2011}, chapter = {145}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Turkish version of the First Step to Success (TFSS) early intervention program on problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence of at-risk students for antisocial behaviors in Turkey. Participants consisted of a total number of 102 students (53 students in experimental and 49 students in control group) and experimental group students\&$\#$39; teachers and mothers. Experimental group students were subjected to implementation of TFSS while control group students were not. Results revealed significant differences between the scores of two groups on problem behaviors and social skills. Moreover, significant decreases in experimental group students\&$\#$39; problem behavior scores and significant increases in their social skills and academic competence scores were observed. High levels of satisfaction were reported by experimental group students\&$\#$39; teachers and mothers. Results are being discussed

}, keywords = {antisocial behavior, early intervention, First Step to Success}, doi = {10.1080/10409280802516090}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67231657/effectiveness-turkish-version-of-first-step-success-program-preventing-antisocial-behaviors}, author = {D{\.I}KEN, I.H. and CAVKAYTAR, A. and BATU, E.S. and BOZKURT, F. and KURTILMAZ, Y.} } @article {6060, title = {ECPC background paper "Contributions of Early Childhood Development programming to sustainable peace and development"}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

In order to advance the notion that young children and their families have a role to play in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is pleased to introduce its first publication \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Promoting Peace and Sustainable Development\". This concept paper summarizes and combines evidence from developmental psychology, health and nutrition, with lessons learned from the peacebuilding and social services administration sectors. The paper will help practitioners appreciate how ECD services can prevent and mitigate conflict between individuals and among groups.

This background paper thereby follows in the footsteps of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which acknowledges that \“there can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development.\” It exemplifies the role of ECD in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, and in particular Goal 16. The concepts described in the paper align with recent directions in peacebuilding that aim to operationalize socio-economic development interventions so that they simultaneously transform relationships and build social support networks capable of mitigating violent conflict risks.

Read the ECPC background paper \”Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\”.

Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng] [Ara] [Fre] [Spa] [Tur].

}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), peacebuilding, Social cohesion, Sustainable development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), violence prevention}, url = {http://ecdpeace.org/ecpc-background-paper}, author = {Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Salah, R. and Britto, P. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S. and Walmsley, P.} } @article {2896, title = {Early origins of health disparities: burden of infection, health, and socioeconomic status in U.S. children}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, year = {2009}, note = {Dowd, Jennifer Beam
Zajacova, Anna
Aiello, Allison
eng
R21 NR 011181-01/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
R21 NR011181-01/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2009/01/21 09:00
Soc Sci Med. 2009 Feb;68(4):699-707. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.12.010. Epub 2009 Jan 17.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {699-707}, abstract = {Recent work in biodemography has suggested that lifetime exposure to infection and inflammation may be an important determinant of later-life morbidity and mortality. Early exposure to infections during critical periods can predispose individuals to chronic disease, in part through the reallocation of energy away from development needed for immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, markers of inflammation are known to vary by socioeconomic status in adults and may contribute to overall socioeconomic health inequalities, but little is known about how the sources of this inflammation differ over the life course. This paper uses novel biomarker data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to test the association of the burden of common chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), hepatitis A and hepatitis B) with height-for-age and asthma/chronic respiratory conditions in U.S. children ages 6 and older, and the association of these chronic infections to children{\textquoteright}s socioeconomic status. A higher burden of infection is found to be associated with lower height-for-age as well as an increased likelihood of asthma net of race/ethnicity, family income, and parental education. Children with lower family income, lower parental education, and non-white race/ethnicity have a higher likelihood of infection with several individual pathogens as well as the overall burden of infection. Differential exposure and/or susceptibility to infections may be one mechanism through which early social factors get embodied and shape later-life health outcomes.}, keywords = {*Health Status Disparities, *Social Class, Adolescent, African Americans, Asthma/epidemiology, Body Height, Child, Helicobacter Infections/*epidemiology, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Seroepidemiologic Studies, United States/epidemiology, Virus Diseases/*epidemiology}, isbn = {0277-9536 (Print)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Dowd, J. B. and Zajacova, A. and Aiello, A.} } @article {342, title = {Economic deprivation and early childhood development.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {296-318}, abstract = {

We consider 3 questions regarding the effects of economic deprivation on child development. First, how are developmental outcomes in childhood affected by poverty and such poverty correlates as single parenthood, ethnicity, and maternal education? Second, what are the developmental consequences of the duration and timing of family economic deprivation? And, third, what is the comparative influence of economic deprivation at the family and neighborhood level? We investigate these issues with longitudinal data from the Infant Health and Development Program. We find that family income and poverty status are powerful correlates of the cognitive development and behavior of children, even after accounting for other differences--in particular family structure and maternal schooling--between low- and high-income families. While the duration of poverty matters, its timing in early childhood does not. Age-5 IQs are found to be higher in neighborhoods with greater concentrations of affluent neighbors, while the prevalence of low-income neighbors appears to increase the incidence of externalizing behavior problems.

}, keywords = {African Americans, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Disabilities, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence Tests, Learning Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Risk Factors, Social Class, Social Environment, Socialization, United States}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Duncan, G J and Brooks-Gunn, J and Klebanov, P K} } @article {2941, title = {Examining the Diversity of Prosocial Behavior: Helping, Sharing, and Comforting in Infancy}, journal = {Infancy}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, pages = {227-247}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Prosocial behaviors are a diverse group of actions that are integral to human social life. In this study, we examined the ability of 18- and 24-month-old infants to engage in three types of other-oriented behaviors, specifically helping, sharing, and comforting. Infants in both age groups engaged in more prosocial behavior on trials in which an unfamiliar adult experimenter required aid (experimental conditions) than on those in which she did not (control conditions) across two of the three prosocial tasks (i.e., helping and sharing). The infants engaged in these behaviors with similar frequency; however, there was no correlation between the tasks. The implications for the construct of prosocial behavior and the presence of a prosocial disposition are discussed.}, isbn = {1532-7078}, author = {Dunfield, K. and Kuhlmeier, V. A. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, L. and Kelley, E.} } @article {3236, title = {Education and Transitional Justice Opportunities and Challenges for Peacebuilding}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov. 17, 2015}, institution = {The International Center for Transitional Justice}, url = {https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-UNICEF-Report-EducationTJ-2015.pdf}, author = {Clara Ram{\'\i}rez-Barat and Roger Duthie} } @article {6475, title = {Early childhood focused COVID-19 resources}, year = {2020}, abstract = {ECDAN, along with partners, regional networks and members curates an ECD-related COVID-19 resource hub that is continually updated. }, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {7144, title = {ECPC global call to action in response to COVID-19 for children in fragile and conflict-affected settings}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {

In this global call to action, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium entreats governments, policy makers and community leaders to safeguard the increasingly undermined rights of young children living in fragile contexts and to prioritise investment in their survival, development and protection. We stand in solidarity and collaborate with the United Nations and the wider international community in the global response to this pandemic-induced humanitarian crisis.

Early childhood development strategies and services are now more important than ever, to mitigate the immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis and its indirect consequences on the most vulnerable young children and families. Supporting and empowering them today can not only interrupt cycles of racial injustice and inequality, but build a strong foundation for peace and security, resilience, social justice and social cohesion. We invite you to join us in this global call to action, to ensure young children are not forgotten amidst this pandemic and to invest in their \– and our \– shared futures in a just world. - Rima Salah, PhD, Chairperson ECPC

â–ºREAD the ECPC Global Call to Action in Response to COVID-19 for Children in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings: The Promise of Early Childhood Development. Available in English, Spanish, French, and Arabic.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, displaced children, early childhood development, refugee and migrant children}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/work-content/ecpc-global-call-action-reponse-covid-19-children-fragile-and-conflict-affected}, author = {ECPC} } @article {7284, title = {ECPC Video Seriesâ–º Early Childhood Development Advances The Culture of Peace}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New Haven, CT U.S.A.}, abstract = {

Presenting the \"ECPC Conference Speaker Video Series\". Watch 14 compelling talks by 25 world champions in evidence-based science and practice, education, human migration, web technology and media. Learn why they join together in expertise to pave a road to hope and build pathways to peace through the transformative power of children and families. Hear them sound the global call to action as they launch the ECPC Pledge to Action for Peace.

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium, ECPC, peacebuilding}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/video/ecpc-video-seriesearly-childhood-development-advances-culture-peace}, author = {ECPC} } @article {2991, title = {An experimental study of shared sensitivity to physical pain and social rejection}, journal = {Pain}, volume = {126}, number = {1-3}, year = {2006}, note = {Eisenberger, Naomi I
Jarcho, Johanna M
Lieberman, Matthew D
Naliboff, Bruce D
eng
MH15750/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
NR04881/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
P50 DK64539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/
R24 AT002681/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/
T32 MH019925/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Netherlands
2006/08/08 09:00
Pain. 2006 Dec 15;126(1-3):132-8. Epub 2006 Aug 4.}, month = {Dec 15}, pages = {132-8}, abstract = {Recent evidence points to a possible overlap in the neural systems underlying the distressing experience that accompanies physical pain and social rejection (Eisenberger et al., 2003). The present study tested two hypotheses that stem from this suggested overlap, namely: (1) that baseline sensitivity to physical pain will predict sensitivity to social rejection and (2) that experiences that heighten social distress will heighten sensitivity to physical pain as well. In the current study, participants{\textquoteright} baseline cutaneous heat pain unpleasantness thresholds were assessed prior to the completion of a task that manipulated feelings of social distress. During this task, participants played a virtual ball-tossing game, allegedly with two other individuals, in which they were either continuously included (social inclusion condition) or they were left out of the game by either never being included or by being overtly excluded (social rejection conditions). At the end of the game, three pain stimuli were delivered and participants rated the unpleasantness of each. Results indicated that greater baseline sensitivity to pain (lower pain unpleasantness thresholds) was associated with greater self-reported social distress in response to the social rejection conditions. Additionally, for those in the social rejection conditions, greater reports of social distress were associated with greater reports of pain unpleasantness to the thermal stimuli delivered at the end of the game. These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that pain distress and social distress share neurocognitive substrates. Implications for clinical populations are discussed.}, keywords = {*Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, *Rejection (Psychology), *Social Isolation, Adult, Female, Games, Experimental, Hot Temperature, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Nervous System/*physiopathology, Pain Threshold, Pain/etiology/*physiopathology/*psychology, Skin/physiopathology}, isbn = {1872-6623 (Electronic)
0304-3959 (Linking)}, author = {Eisenberger, N. I. and Jarcho, J. M. and Lieberman, M. D. and Naliboff, B. D.} } @article {3026, title = {The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: implications for science, policy, and practice}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Del Giudice, Marco
Dishion, Thomas J
Figueredo, Aurelio Jose
Gray, Peter
Griskevicius, Vladas
Hawley, Patricia H
Jacobs, W Jake
James, Jenee
Volk, Anthony A
Wilson, David Sloan
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2011/11/30 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):598-623. doi: 10.1037/a0026220. Epub 2011 Nov 28.}, month = {May}, pages = {598-623}, abstract = {This article proposes an evolutionary model of risky behavior in adolescence and contrasts it with the prevailing developmental psychopathology model. The evolutionary model contends that understanding the evolutionary functions of adolescence is critical to explaining why adolescents engage in risky behavior and that successful intervention depends on working with, instead of against, adolescent goals and motivations. The current article articulates 5 key evolutionary insights into risky adolescent behavior: (a) The adolescent transition is an inflection point in development of social status and reproductive trajectories; (b) interventions need to address the adaptive functions of risky and aggressive behaviors like bullying; (c) risky adolescent behavior adaptively calibrates over development to match both harsh and unpredictable environmental conditions; (d) understanding evolved sex differences is critical for understanding the psychology of risky behavior; and (e) mismatches between current and past environments can dysregulate adolescent behavior, as demonstrated by age-segregated social groupings. The evolutionary model has broad implications for designing interventions for high-risk youth and suggests new directions for research that have not been forthcoming from other perspectives.}, keywords = {*Biological Evolution, *Environment, *Models, Psychological, *Risk-Taking, Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Behavioral Symptoms/psychology/therapy, DNA-Cytosine Methylases, Humans, Motivation, policy, Sex Characteristics}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Del Giudice, M. and Dishion, T. J. and Figueredo, A. J. and Gray, P. and Griskevicius, V. and Hawley, P. H. and Jacobs, W. J. and James, J. and Volk, A. A. and Wilson, D. S.} } @article {7206, title = {End corporal punishment. Reports on every state and territory}, year = {2021}, institution = {End Violence Against Children}, keywords = {corporal punishment, violence prevention}, url = {https://endcorporalpunishment.org/reports-on-every-state-and-territory/?fbclid=IwAR01ZuuAcy8yxFO-tMxFuhUoeG9xxxFTFDeBYIUjtIKrMVkZDfePrJWNoI0}, author = {EndViolenceAgainstChildren} } @article {7415, title = {European Care Strategy. Eurochild position}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurochild}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Convention on the Rights of the Child, COVID-19, early childhood development, Early childhood education, Governance and policymaking}, url = {https://eurochild.org/uploads/2022/02/Eurochild-position-European-Care-Strategy-Feb2022.pdf}, author = {Eurochild} } @article {7232, title = {The European Union{\textquoteright}s Plan for Children{\textquoteright}s Rights}, year = {2021}, publisher = {European Union}, keywords = {Advocacy, children, European Union, governance, justice, policy}, url = {https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/long_version.pdf}, author = {EuropeanUnion and QueensUniversityBelfast} } @article {3056, title = {Egalitarianism in young children}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {454}, number = {7208}, year = {2008}, note = {Fehr, Ernst
Bernhard, Helen
Rockenbach, Bettina
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2008/08/30 09:00
Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1079-83. doi: 10.1038/nature07155.}, month = {Aug 28}, pages = {1079-83}, abstract = {Human social interaction is strongly shaped by other-regarding preferences, that is, a concern for the welfare of others. These preferences are important for a unique aspect of human sociality-large scale cooperation with genetic strangers-but little is known about their developmental roots. Here we show that young children{\textquoteright}s other-regarding preferences assume a particular form, inequality aversion that develops strongly between the ages of 3 and 8. At age 3-4, the overwhelming majority of children behave selfishly, whereas most children at age 7-8 prefer resource allocations that remove advantageous or disadvantageous inequality. Moreover, inequality aversion is strongly shaped by parochialism, a preference for favouring the members of one{\textquoteright}s own social group. These results indicate that human egalitarianism and parochialism have deep developmental roots, and the simultaneous emergence of altruistic sharing and parochialism during childhood is intriguing in view of recent evolutionary theories which predict that the same evolutionary process jointly drives both human altruism and parochialism.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Cooperative Behavior, Age Factors, Biological Evolution, Candy, Child, Child, Preschool, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Morals, Motivation, Sex Characteristics, Social Justice, Switzerland}, isbn = {1476-4687 (Electronic)
0028-0836 (Linking)}, author = {Fehr, E. and Bernhard, H. and Rockenbach, B.} } @article {5691, title = {Effects of family foundations on parents and children: 3.5 years after baseline.}, journal = {Journal of Family Psychology}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-01-2010}, pages = {532 - 542}, issn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/a0020837}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0020837http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/fam/24/5/532.pdf}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E. and Jones, Damon E. and Kan, Marni L. and Goslin, Megan C.} } @article {348, title = {Enhancing coparenting, parenting, and child self-regulation: effects of family foundations 1 year after birth.}, journal = {Prev Sci}, volume = {10}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Sep}, pages = {276-85}, abstract = {

This study investigated whether a psycho-educational program with modest dosage (eight sessions), delivered in a universal framework through childbirth education programs and targeting the coparenting relationship would have a positive impact on observed family interaction and child behavior at 6-month follow-up (child age 1 year). One hundred sixty-nine couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped family observation tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and at child age 1 year (2003-2007). Coparenting, parenting, couple relationship, and child self-regulatory behaviors were coded by teams of raters. Intent-to-treat analyses of program effects controlled for age, education, and social desirability. Evidence of significant (p \< 0.05) program effects at follow-up emerged in all four domains. Effect sizes ranged from 0.28 to 1.01. Targeting the coparenting relationship at the transition to parenthood represents an effective, non-stigmatizing means of promoting parenting quality and child adjustment.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Disorders, Parenting, Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1573-6695}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-009-0130-4}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Kan, Marni L and Goslin, Megan C} } @article {705, title = {Establishing Family Foundations: Intervention Effects on Coparenting, Parent/Infant Well-Being, and Parent{\textendash}Child Relations}, journal = {Journal of Family Psychology}, volume = {22}, number = {253-63}, year = {2008}, doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.253}, author = {M. E. Feinberg and M. L. Kan} } @article {346, title = {Effects of family foundations on parents and children: 3.5 years after baseline.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {532-42}, abstract = {

This study investigated the ability of a psychosocial prevention program implemented through childbirth education programs to enhance the coparental and couple relationship, parental mental health, the parent-child relationship, and child outcomes. A sample of 169 heterosexual, adult couples expecting their first child was randomized to intervention and control conditions. The intervention families participated in Family Foundations, a series of eight classes delivered before and after birth, which was designed as a universal prevention program (i.e., applicable to all couples, not just those at high risk). Intent-to-treat analyses utilizing data collected from child age 6 months through 3 years indicated significant program effects on parental stress and self-efficacy, coparenting, harsh parenting, and children\&$\#$39;s emotional adjustment among all families, and maternal depression among cohabiting couples. Among families of boys, program effects were found for child behavior problems and couple relationship quality. These results indicate that a universal prevention approach at the transition to parenthood focused on enhancing family relationships can have a significant and substantial positive impact on parent and child well-being.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Family, Family Relations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Pennsylvania, Program Evaluation, Questionnaires, Self Efficacy, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1939-1293}, doi = {10.1037/a0020837}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Jones, Damon E and Kan, Marni L and Goslin, Megan C} } @article {182, title = {Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {18}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Nov}, pages = {965-70}, abstract = {

Although research on the neurobiological foundation of social affiliation has implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin in processes of maternal bonding in mammals, there is little evidence to support such links in humans. Plasma oxytocin and cortisol of 62 pregnant women were sampled during the first trimester, last trimester, and first postpartum month. Oxytocin was assayed using enzyme immunoassay, and free cortisol was calculated. After the infants were born, their interactions with their mothers were observed, and the mothers were interviewed regarding their infant-related thoughts and behaviors. Oxytocin was stable across time, and oxytocin levels at early pregnancy and the postpartum period were related to a clearly defined set of maternal bonding behaviors, including gaze, vocalizations, positive affect, and affectionate touch; to attachment-related thoughts; and to frequent checking of the infant. Across pregnancy and the postpartum period, oxytocin may play a role in the emergence of behaviors and mental representations typical of bonding in the human mother.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy}, issn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Weller, Aron and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna and Levine, Ari} } @article {5727, title = {Empathy in neuroscience and practice - A report from the conference of "Empathy neuroscience: Translational relevance to conflict transformation"}, year = {2017}, keywords = {conflict transformation, Empathy, neuroscience}, url = {http://www.fondazionechild.it/layout/upload/State_of_Mind_Article[1].pdf}, author = {FondazioneChild} } @article {3371, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/education-and-social-cohesion-country-report-south-africa}, author = {K. Foulds and Yusuf Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and W. Sirkotte-Kriel and C. Garisch and J. Gaston} } @article {6094, title = {Experiences of Community Youth Leaders in a Youth-Led Early Childhood Education Program in Rural Pakistan}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {227}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-04-2019}, pages = {113 - 120}, issn = {2190-8370}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000362}, url = {https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000362}, author = {Franchett, Emily E. and Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Rasheed, Muneera A. and Siyal, Saima and Reyes, Chin R. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @book {524, title = {Education for a Civil Society: How Guidance Teaches Young Children Democratic Life Skills}, year = {2012}, publisher = {NAEYC}, organization = {NAEYC}, isbn = {9781928896876}, url = {http://www.naeyc.org/books/education_for_a_civil_society}, author = {Gartrell, D.} } @article {5031, title = {The effects of antipoverty programs on children{\textquoteright}s cumulative level of poverty-related risk}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {42}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, note = {Gassman-Pines, Anna
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
F31-MH70128/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/11/08 09:00
Dev Psychol. 2006 Nov;42(6):981-99. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.981.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {981-99}, abstract = {The authors examined the effects of antipoverty programs on children{\textquoteright}s cumulative poverty-related risk and the relationship between cumulative poverty-related risk and child outcomes among low-income families. Samples included 419 children ages 3-10 years in the New Hope program and 759 children ages 2-9 years in the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP), which tested 2 program approaches. Nine poverty-related risks made up the measure of cumulative risk. Both MFIP program approaches reduced cumulative poverty-related risk. New Hope reduced cumulative poverty-related risk among long-term welfare recipients. In both New Hope and MFIP, significant linear relationships between cumulative poverty-related risk and parent-reported behavior problems and school achievement were found. Cumulative poverty-related risk partially mediated the impacts of the MFIP programs on children{\textquoteright}s behavior problems. Among long-term welfare recipients, cumulative poverty-related risk partially mediated New Hope{\textquoteright}s impact on parent-reported school achievement.}, keywords = {*Risk, *Social Support, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/etiology/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Employment, Female, Health Services Accessibility/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, Poverty/*prevention \& control, Predictive Value of Tests, Public Policy, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {0012-1649 (Print)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Gassman-Pines, A. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {7442, title = {Effect of the Jamaica Early Childhood Stimulation Intervention on Labor Market Outcomes at Age 31}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)}, keywords = {early childhood development, Jamaican Study, Labor Market Outcomes}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w29292}, author = {Gertler, P. and Heckman, J.J. and Pinto, R. and Chang, S.M. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Vermeersch, C. and Walker, S. and Wright, A.} } @article {6489, title = {Early Childhood Development in the Global South}, journal = {Journal of the British Academy}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/JBA-8s2-Early-Childhood-Development-in-the-Global-South.pdf}, author = {Goldhill, S and Lewis, P} } @article {357, title = {Effects of early childhood supplementation with and without stimulation on later development in stunted Jamaican children.}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {66}, year = {1997}, month = {1997 Aug}, pages = {247-53}, abstract = {

It is not known whether nutritional supplementation in early childhood has long-term benefits on stunted children\&$\#$39;s mental development. We followed up 127 7-8-y old children who had been stunted in early childhood and received supplementation, stimulation, or both. At 9-24 mo of age, the children had been randomly assigned to four treatment groups: nutritional supplementation, stimulation, both treatments, and control. After 2 y, supplementation and stimulation had independent benefits on the children\&$\#$39;s development and the effects were additive. The group receiving both treatments caught up to a matched group of 32 nonstunted children. Four years after the end of the 2-y intervention 97\% of the children were given a battery of cognitive function, school achievement, and fine motor tests. An additional 52 nonstunted children were included. Factor analyses of the test scores produced three factors: general cognitive, perceptual-motor, and memory. One, the perceptual-motor factor, showed a significant benefit from stimulation, and supplementation benefited only those children whose mothers had higher verbal intelligence quotients. However, each intervention group had higher scores than the control subjects on more tests than would be expected by chance (supplemented and both groups on 14 of 15 tests, P = 0.002; stimulated group in 13 of 15 tests, P = 0.01), suggesting a very small global benefit. There was no longer an additive effect of combined treatments at the end of the intervention. The stunted control group had significantly lower scores than the nonstunted children on most tests. Stunted children\&$\#$39;s heights and head circumferences on enrollment significantly predicted intelligence quotient at follow-up.

}, keywords = {Anthropometry, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Food, Fortified, Humans, Infant, Intelligence, Intervention Studies, Jamaica, Questionnaires}, issn = {0002-9165}, author = {Grantham-McGregor, S M and Walker, S P and Chang, S M and Powell, C A} } @article {5943, title = {Explore, Engage, Act! Children and young people and the Global Compact on Refugees and Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration}, year = {2018}, institution = {Save the Children}, address = {United Kingdom}, keywords = {children on the move, Human Rights, Migrant children, Refugees}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/14326/pdf/767_globalcompacts_youthfriendly_a4_60pp_final_v3_slr2.pdf}, author = {Mehta H.} } @article {7617, title = {ECPC Call-to-Action for Justice, Peace, and the Protection of All Children Affected by the War in Israel and Palestine}, year = {2023}, month = {November 2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

Thousands have died. The killing, maiming, and abduction of children must stop. Attacks on schools and hospitals, and the impedance of humanitarian aid to affected children and amilies/parents/caregivers, are unacceptable. These are among the most serious violations of international human rights laws protecting children and constitute four of the six grave violations against children during armed conflict as identified by the united nations security council resolution S/RES/1612 (2005).

The Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is extremely concerned with the impact of the current war in Israel and Palestine on innocent children. Every conflict profoundly impacts people of all age groups, but children are disproportionately affected. Being far more vulnerable to violence, hardship, and toxic stress, they can suffer physical, psychological, and emotional effects for the rest of their lives. That impact can pass from one generation to the next. Any delay in bringing this catastrophic conflict to an end will have enduring consequences.\ Moreâ–º
}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, humanitarian action, Israel-Palestine War 2023, peacebuilding, violence prevention}, url = {node/7604}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Advocacy Working Group} } @article {633, title = {Evaluation of the Better Parenting Programme in Jordan}, journal = {Early Child Development and Care}, volume = {181}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-06-2011}, pages = {587 - 598}, issn = {0300-4430}, doi = {10.1080/03004431003654925}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03004431003654925}, author = {-Hassan, Suha M. and Lansford, Jennifer E.} } @article {5717, title = {The economics, technology, and neuroscience of human capability formation}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {104}, number = {33}, year = {2007}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2007/08/10 09:00
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14;104(33):13250-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701362104. Epub 2007 Aug 8.}, month = {Aug 14}, pages = {13250-5}, abstract = {This article begins the synthesis of two currently unrelated literatures: the human capital approach to health economics and the economics of cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. A lifecycle investment framework is the foundation for understanding the origins of human inequality and for devising policies to reduce it.}, keywords = {*Economics, *Neurosciences, Humans}, isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)
0027-8424 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {3251, title = {Emerging Practices in Design, Monitoring, and Evaluation for Education for Peacebuilding Program}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/emerging-practices-in-design-monitoring-and-evaluation-for-education-for-pe}, author = {Rebecca Herrington} } @article {5897, title = {Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {371}, number = {9610}, year = {2008}, note = {1474-547x
Hoddinott, John
Maluccio, John A
Behrman, Jere R
Flores, Rafael
Martorell, Reynaldo
HD-046125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
TW-05598/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):411-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60205-6.}, month = {Feb 2}, pages = {411-6}, edition = {2008/02/05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substantial, but indirect, evidence suggests that improving nutrition in early childhood in developing countries is a long-term economic investment. We investigated the direct effect of a nutrition intervention in early childhood on adult economic productivity. METHODS: We obtained economic data from 1424 Guatemalan individuals (aged 25-42 years) between 2002 and 2004. They accounted for 60\% of the 2392 children (aged 0-7 years) who had been enrolled in a nutrition intervention study during 1969-77. In this initial study, two villages were randomly assigned a nutritious supplement (atole) for all children and two villages a less nutritious one (fresco). We estimated annual income, hours worked, and average hourly wages from all economic activities. We used linear regression models, adjusting for potentially confounding factors, to assess the relation between economic variables and exposure to atole or fresco at specific ages between birth and 7 years. FINDINGS: Exposure to atole before, but not after, age 3 years was associated with higher hourly wages, but only for men. For exposure to atole from 0 to 2 years, the increase was US$0.67 per hour (95\% CI 0.16-1.17), which meant a 46\% increase in average wages. There was a non-significant tendency for hours worked to be reduced and for annual incomes to be greater for those exposed to atole from 0 to 2 years. INTERPRETATION: Improving nutrition in early childhood led to substantial increases in wage rates for men, which suggests that investments in early childhood nutrition can be long-term drivers of economic growth.}, keywords = {*Dietary Supplements, Adult, Child, Child Nutrition Disorders/*diet therapy, Child, Preschool, Employment/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Guatemala, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/statistics \& numerical data, Social Class}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60205-6}, author = {Hoddinott, J. and Maluccio, J. A. and Behrman, J. R. and Flores, R. and Martorell, R.} } @article {5899, title = {The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Lancet Public Health}, volume = {2}, number = {8}, year = {2017}, note = {2468-2667
Hughes, Karen
Bellis, Mark A
Hardcastle, Katherine A
Sethi, Dinesh
Butchart, Alexander
Mikton, Christopher
Jones, Lisa
Dunne, Michael P
001/World Health Organization/International
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Review
Systematic Review
England
Lancet Public Health. 2017 Aug;2(8):e356-e366. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4. Epub 2017 Jul 31.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e356-e366}, edition = {2017/12/19}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May 6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. FINDINGS: Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants. Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two); moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I(2) of >75\%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes. INTERPRETATION: To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their life-course effect on health. FUNDING: Public Health Wales.}, keywords = {*Health Status, *Life Change Events, Humans}, doi = {10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4}, author = {Hughes, K. and Bellis, M. A. and Hardcastle, K. A. and Sethi, D. and Butchart, A. and Mikton, C. and Jones, L. and Dunne, M. P.} } @article {6124, title = {Early Caregiving Intervention Holds Promise for Long-term Improvements in Neural Function Following Adversity}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-02-2019}, pages = {e15 - e16}, issn = {00063223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.005}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322318320833}, author = {Humphreys, Kathryn L.} } @article {6068, title = {The Effects of a Play-Based Preschool Learning Program in Rural Ghana}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)}, address = {New Haven, CT US}, abstract = {As in many other developing countries, children under the age of five in rural Ghana often fail to reach their developmental potential. Researchers partnered with the Institute for Fiscal Studies and the organization Lively Minds to evaluate the impact of a low-cost, play-based learning program on early childhood cognitive development. Preliminary results suggest that the Lively Minds program is an effective and potentially scalable way to improve children{\textquoteright}s{\textquoteright} cognitive and socio-emotional development, health, and school readiness.}, keywords = {early childhood cognitive development, Ghana, Health, play-based preschool, preschool, school rediness, socio-emotional development}, url = {https://www.poverty-action.org/printpdf/33336}, author = {IPA} } @article {5901, title = {The Equalizing Power of Early Child Development: From the Commission on Social Determinants of Health to Action}, journal = {Child Health Education}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, pages = {146-161}, abstract = {This article synthesizes knowledge about opportunities to improve the state of early child development globally. Research confirms a strong association between child survival and child development. The evidence and its interpretation are derived primarily from three sources: (a) peer-reviewed scientific literature, (b) reports from governments, international agencies, and civil society groups, and (c) a knowledge network of experts in ECD. The principal insight of our knowledge synthesis is that nurturant qualities of the environments where children grow, live, and learn{\textemdash}parents, caregivers, family, and community{\textemdash}will have the most significant impact on their development. We propose ways in which government and civil society actors, from local to international, can provide equitable access to strong nurturant environments for all children globally.}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.597.2653\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf}, author = {Irwin, L. G. and Siddiqi, A. and Hertzman, C.} } @book {529, title = {Early child development: A powerful equalizer}, year = {2007}, publisher = {HELP Research Institute, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia}, organization = {HELP Research Institute, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia}, address = {British Colmbia, Cananda}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69729/a91213.pdf;jsessionid=A7143793E301E3D8E3C43B172AF6B681?sequence=1}, author = {G. L. Irwin and A. Siddiqui and C. Hertzman} } @article {6529, title = {Early childhood educators: Supporting professionalism during COVID-19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Nobody imagined that childhood educators would have to leave their kindergartens and daycare centers to perform their demanding and complex profession from home, without any in-person interaction with children and their families. This sudden change asks early childhood educators to shift from being the greatest facilitator of a child\’s learning and development in the indoor or outdoor kindergarten environment, to being the greatest supporter of parents to ensure continuity in their child\’s learning and development while at home. Learn more ...

In this webinar, panelists share examples from Albania, Croatia and the Netherlands.

Panelists:

Sanja Brajkovic \– Director, Open Academy Step by Step (Croatia)

Simon Hay \– Board Member, Child Care International and pedagogue Child Care KindeRdam in Rotterdam (the Netherlands)

Gerda Sula \– Director, Step by Step Center (Albania)

Moderator:

Mihaela Ionescu - Program Director, ISSA (the Netherlands)

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education, Training}, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1\&v=iW3GIXno2-E\&feature=emb_logo}, author = {ISSA} } @article {7381, title = {Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: a cluster-randomized trial in RwandaIntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionTrial registration number}, journal = {BMJ Global Health}, volume = {6}, year = {2021}, month = {May-01-2023}, pages = {e003508}, keywords = {early childhood development, parenting program, Rwanda, violence prevention}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508}, url = {https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508}, author = {Jensen, Sarah KG and Placencio-Castro, Matias and Murray, Shauna M and Brennan, Robert T and Goshev, Simo and Farrar, Jordan and Yousafzai, Aisha and Rawlings, Laura B and Wilson, Briana and Habyarimana, Emmanuel and Sezibera, Vincent and Betancourt, Theresa S} } @article {5396, title = {Early childhood development: the global challenge}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {369}, number = {9555}, year = {2007}, note = {Jolly, Richard
eng
Comment
England
2007/01/09 09:00
Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):8-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60007-5.}, month = {Jan 6}, pages = {8-9}, keywords = {*Global Health, Child Development, Child Mortality/*trends, Child Nutrition Disorders/*prevention \& control, Child Welfare/*statistics \& numerical data/trends, Child, Preschool, Fluid Therapy/*utilization, Health Promotion/*methods, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Jolly, R.} } @article {6143, title = {Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, volume = {105}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-11-2015}, pages = {2283 - 2290}, keywords = {kindergarten, Public Health, social-emotional functioning}, issn = {0090-0036}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630}, url = {http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630}, author = {Jones, Damon E. and Greenberg, Mark and Crowley, Max} } @article {6156, title = {Early childhood development and early learning for children in crisis and conflict}, year = {2018}, publisher = {UNESCO}, keywords = {Displacement, early childhood development (ECD), early learning, Education, migration}, url = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000266072}, author = {Bouchane. K and Yoshikawa, H. and Murphy, K. M. and Lombardi, J.} } @book {531, title = {The early care and education teaching workforce at the fulcrum: An agenda for reform}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s College Press}, organization = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s College Press}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Early_Care_and_Education_Teaching_Wo.html?id=xDKRDQAAQBAJ}, author = {S. Kagan and K. Kauerz and K. Tarrant} } @inbook {5546, title = {Epigenetics: Significance of the gene-environment interface for brain development}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {65-77}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {5}, abstract = {Brain development in humans extends over a very lengthy time period, initially in utero and subsequently embracing attachment interactions with the mother, social interactions with peers, and the emotional turmoil of puberty. Puberty is a period of development when those cortical regions concerned with forward planning and emotional control undergo synaptic pruning and reorganization of connection strengths. Each of these life phases is developmentally important in shaping and being shaped by the maternal and social environments. Although genetics forms the scaffold for brain development, the detail of connectivities is determined by the kind of environment in which the brain functions. The brain, more than any other organ, is a product of gene-environment interaction. The in utero environment is the most protected of environments and has evolved strong maternal-fetal coadaptations. The fetal placenta hormonally interfaces with and regulates the mother{\textquoteright}s brain (hypothalamus) at a time when these same parts of the fetal brain (hypothalamus) are themselves developing. This transgenerational coordinated development is under the control of epigenetically regulated imprinted genes. Since the maternal hypothalamus controls all aspects of care and provisioning, offspring in receipt of such quality care will themselves be both genetically and epigenetically predisposed to good mothering of the next generation. However, impairments at the placental level caused by stress, toxins, or poor nutrition may impact adversely on the developing hypothalamus, and hence mothering of the next generation. A peaceful, secure environment is thus of paramount importance to a mother for securing a successful pregnancy and for the security of well-being in raising her offspring. Further, we need to take into account how events experienced in utero also shape the outcome of future generations, since epigenetic reprogramming of future oocytes (matrilineal contribution to grandchild) occurs at the earliest (epiblast) stages of in utero ovarian development. The postnatal formative years of the brain are strongly influenced by mother-infant interactions. The brain{\textquoteright}s mechanisms for reward that subserve mother-infant-mother (p.66) affiliation subsequently extend to the reward process of social interaction later in life. Throughout the first two decades of development, functional contacts are made across the brain{\textquoteright}s billions of neurons, involving trillions of synapses such that no two brains are the same, not even those of genetically identical twins. Since consolidation of neural connectivities is activity dependent, the environments that generate this activity determine the functional details of these structural connections. Our brains are very much a product of the pre- and postnatal niche in which they develop and survive.}, keywords = {brain development, gene-environment interactions, neural connectivities, puberty}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0005}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {E. B. Keverne} } @article {6132, title = {Early childhood development and psychosocial support in Syria}, journal = {Forced Migration Review; Oxford}, year = {2019}, pages = {8-10}, abstract = {From the onset of the Syrian crisis, internally displaced persons from all over Syria sought safe haven in Salamieh District in eastern Hama Governorate, increasing the population by 40\% to its current total of 300,000. Many of those who were displaced -- including children -- were suffering from severe trauma. Humanitarian actors in Salamieh City, including the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), deployed psychosocial support teams but responders soon realized that they were unprepared for dealing with the sheer extent of mental health needs. The AKDN therefore developed a strategic plan for providing comprehensive psychosocial support in Salamieh District, using sustainable, community-based approaches to mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS). In addition to advocacy and awareness raising around MHPSS in conflict settings, and strengthening capacity in terms of skills and number of mental health workers, the plan also incorporated protection elements specifically designed for children.}, keywords = {Advocacy, Child Development, childhood, children, Children \& youth, Community mental health, Consciousness, Displaced persons, Early childhood education, Health insurance, Humanitarianism, Incentives, Internally displaced persons, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Mental health care, Mental Health Services, Parents \& parenting, Participation, Protection, Relocation, Skills, Teams, Trauma}, issn = {14609819}, url = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/khaddour}, author = {Khaddour, F.} } @article {4086, title = {EARLY POSTPARTUM PARENTAL PREOCCUPATION AND POSITIVE PARENTING THOUGHTS: RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENT-INFANT INTERACTION.}, journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, volume = {34}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {104-116}, abstract = {

Parenting behaviors and parent-infant emotional bonding during the early postpartum months play a critical role in infant development. However, the nature and progression of parental thoughts and their relationship with interactive behaviors have received less research. The current study investigated the trajectory of parental thoughts and behaviors among primiparous mothers ( = 18) and fathers ( = 15) and multiparous mothers ( = 13) and fathers ( = 13), which were measured at the first and third postpartum month. At the third postpartum month, the relationship between parental thoughts and parental interactive behaviors also was tested. Mothers and fathers showed high levels of preoccupations and caregiving thoughts during the first postpartum month that significantly declined by the third postpartum month. In contrast, positive thoughts about parenting and the infant increased over the same time interval. Mothers presented higher levels of preoccupations and positive thoughts than did fathers, and first-time parents reported more intense preoccupations than did experienced parents. Although maternal sensitivity was inversely related to maternal anxious thoughts, paternal sensitivity was predicted by higher levels of anxious as well as caregiving and positive thoughts.

}, issn = {1097-0355}, doi = {10.1002/imhj.21359}, author = {Kim, P. and Mayes, L. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {6917, title = {Early Childhood Services for Young Refugee Children: Cross-Country Analysis}, year = {2020}, institution = {Moving Minds Alliance}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {Bangladesh, early childhood services, Jordan, refugee children, refugee families, Uganda}, url = {https://shared.rti.org/content/early-childhood-services-young-refugee-children-cross-country-analysis}, author = {King, K.M. and Pouezevara, S. and Edwards, L.} } @article {5743, title = {Ending violence in childhood. Global report 2017}, year = {2017}, institution = {Know Violence in Childhood}, address = {New Delhi, India}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/12380/pdf/global_report_2017_ending_violence_in_childhood.pdf}, author = {KnowViolenceInChildhood} } @article {412, title = {Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America{\textquoteright}s future workforce.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {103}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jul 5}, pages = {10155-62}, abstract = {

A growing proportion of the U.S. workforce will have been raised in disadvantaged environments that are associated with relatively high proportions of individuals with diminished cognitive and social skills. A cross-disciplinary examination of research in economics, developmental psychology, and neurobiology reveals a striking convergence on a set of common principles that account for the potent effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development. Central to these principles are the findings that early experiences have a uniquely powerful influence on the development of cognitive and social skills and on brain architecture and neurochemistry, that both skill development and brain maturation are hierarchical processes in which higher level functions depend on, and build on, lower level functions, and that the capacity for change in the foundations of human skill development and neural circuitry is highest earlier in life and decreases over time. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most efficient strategy for strengthening the future workforce, both economically and neurobiologically, and improving its quality of life is to invest in the environments of disadvantaged children during the early childhood years.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Behavior, Brain, Child, Cognition, Employment, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neurobiology, Time Factors, United States}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0600888103}, author = {Knudsen, Eric I and Heckman, James J and Cameron, Judy L and Shonkoff, Jack P} } @article {5719, title = {Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America{\textquoteright}s future workforce}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S AProc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {103}, number = {27}, year = {2006}, note = {Knudsen, Eric I
Heckman, James J
Cameron, Judy L
Shonkoff, Jack P
eng
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2006/06/28 09:00
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 5;103(27):10155-10162. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600888103. Epub 2006 Jun 26.}, month = {Jul 5}, pages = {10155-10162}, abstract = {A growing proportion of the U.S. workforce will have been raised in disadvantaged environments that are associated with relatively high proportions of individuals with diminished cognitive and social skills. A cross-disciplinary examination of research in economics, developmental psychology, and neurobiology reveals a striking convergence on a set of common principles that account for the potent effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development. Central to these principles are the findings that early experiences have a uniquely powerful influence on the development of cognitive and social skills and on brain architecture and neurochemistry, that both skill development and brain maturation are hierarchical processes in which higher level functions depend on, and build on, lower level functions, and that the capacity for change in the foundations of human skill development and neural circuitry is highest earlier in life and decreases over time. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most efficient strategy for strengthening the future workforce, both economically and neurobiologically, and improving its quality of life is to invest in the environments of disadvantaged children during the early childhood years.}, keywords = {*Behavior, *Neurobiology, Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Brain/anatomy \& histology/physiology, Child, Cognition/physiology, Employment/*economics/*psychology, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Time Factors, United States}, isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)
0027-8424 (Linking)}, author = {Knudsen, E. I. and Heckman, J. J. and Cameron, J. L. and Shonkoff, J. P.} } @article {612, title = {Evaluation report of the Father-Support Program}, year = {2004}, institution = {Mother-Child Education Foundation Publications}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/6.evaluation_report_of_the_father_support_program.pdf}, author = {A. Ko{\c c}ak} } @article {5406, title = {Early childhood development-global action is overdue}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {Lake, Anthony
eng
Comment
England
2011/09/29 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1277-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61450-5. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1277-8}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Lake, A.} } @article {616, title = {Evaluation Report of the Better Parenting Project: National multisectoral collaboration on behalf of young children}, year = {2007}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/JDN_00-006.pdf}, author = {J. E. Lansford and M. H. Bornstein} } @article {4596, title = {Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of age}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {Leckman, James F
March, John S
eng
Editorial
England
2011/03/18 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;52(4):333-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02378.x.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {333-8}, keywords = {Child, Child Psychiatry/*trends, Developmental Disabilities/genetics/psychology, Forecasting, Gene Expression/genetics, Humans, Neurosciences/*trends, Psychology, Child/*trends, Social Environment}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and March, J. S.} } @article {4541, title = {Editorial: a global perspective on child and adolescent mental health}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {Leckman, James F
Leventhal, Bennett L
eng
Editorial
Introductory
England
2008/03/13 09:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;49(3):221-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01884.x.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {221-5}, keywords = {*International Cooperation, Adolescent, Adolescent Health Services/organization \& administration/*standards, Age of Onset, Child, Child Health Services/organization \& administration/*standards, Global Health, Humans, Mental Disorders/epidemiology/*therapy, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Leventhal, B. L.} } @article {6487, title = {Emergency Child Care: Issues to Consider}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Workforce Initiative}, keywords = {COVID-19, emergency child care}, url = {https://www.earlychildhoodworkforce.org/content/emergency-child-care-issues-consider}, author = {Lombardi, J} } @article {385, title = {The effectiveness of early head start for 3-year-old children and their parents: lessons for policy and programs.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {41}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Nov}, pages = {885-901}, abstract = {

Early Head Start, a federal program begun in 1995 for low-income pregnant women and families with infants and toddlers, was evaluated through a randomized trial of 3,001 families in 17 programs. Interviews with primary caregivers, child assessments, and observations of parent-child interactions were completed when children were 3 years old. Caregivers were diverse in race-ethnicity, language, and other characteristics. Regression-adjusted impact analyses showed that 3-year-old program children performed better than did control children in cognitive and language development, displayed higher emotional engagement of the parent and sustained attention with play objects, and were lower in aggressive behavior. Compared with controls, Early Head Start parents were more emotionally supportive, provided more language and learning stimulation, read to their children more, and spanked less. The strongest and most numerous impacts were for programs that offered a mix of home-visiting and center-based services and that fully implemented the performance standards early.

}, keywords = {Acculturation, Adaptation, Psychological, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Educational Status, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Language Development, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Personality Assessment, Program Evaluation, Psychosocial Deprivation, Public Policy, Single Parent, Socialization, United States}, issn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.88}, author = {Love, John M and Kisker, Ellen Eliason and Ross, Christine and Raikes, Helen and Constantine, Jill and Boller, Kimberly and Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne and Chazan-Cohen, Rachel and Tarullo, Louisa Banks and Brady-Smith, Christy and Fuligni, Allison Sidle and Schochet, Peter Z and Paulsell, Diane and Vogel, Cheri} } @article {419, title = {Effects of early experience on female behavioural and reproductive development in rhesus macaques.}, journal = {Proc Biol Sci}, volume = {272}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jun 22}, pages = {1243-8}, abstract = {

A growing body of research on humans suggests that exposure to a stressful family environment or father absence from home during childhood is associated with early female puberty and greater interest in infants among adolescent girls. This effect may be mediated by early exposure to harsh and inconsistent maternal care, but the mechanisms by which maternal care affects female reproductive maturation are not known. The present study reports sex differences in interest in infants among juvenile rhesus macaques similar to those observed in human adolescents. Furthermore, juvenile females that were exposed to harsh and inconsistent maternal care in infancy showed higher interest in infants than controls. Evidence from cross-fostered females indicated that these effects resulted from early experience and not genetic inheritance from the mother. There were no significant differences in female age at first conception in relation to the quality of maternal care received during infancy. Macaque females exposed to harsh and inconsistent maternal care in infancy tended to have higher cortisol responses to stress and to corticotropin-releasing hormone than controls in the first three years of life. Furthermore, females with higher cortisol responses to stress exhibited higher interest in infants. These findings suggest that some of the effects of early parental care on female reproductive maturation may be mediated by developmental changes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attitude, Behavior, Animal, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Macaca mulatta, Maternal Behavior, Observation, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2005.3059}, author = {Maestripieri, D.} } @article {418, title = {Early experience affects the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {102}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jul 5}, pages = {9726-9}, abstract = {

Maternal abuse of offspring in macaque monkeys shares some similarities with child maltreatment in humans, including its transmission across generations. This study used a longitudinal design and a cross-fostering experiment to investigate whether abusive parenting in rhesus macaques is transmitted from mothers to daughters and whether transmission occurs through genetic or experiential factors. Nine of 16 females who were abused by their mothers in their first month of life, regardless of whether they were reared by their biological mothers or by foster mothers, exhibited abusive parenting with their firstborn offspring, whereas none of the females reared by nonabusive mothers did. These results suggest that the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys is the result of early experience and not genetic inheritance. The extent to which the effects of early experience on the intergenerational transmission of abusive parenting are mediated by social learning or experience-induced physiological alterations remains to be established.

}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Macaca mulatta, Maternal Behavior, Observation, Parenting}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0504122102}, author = {Maestripieri, D.} } @article {420, title = {Early maternal rejection affects the development of monoaminergic systems and adult abusive parenting in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).}, journal = {Behav Neurosci}, volume = {120}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Oct}, pages = {1017-24}, abstract = {

This study investigated the effects of early exposure to variable parenting style and infant abuse on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of monoamine metabolites and examined the role of monoaminergic function in the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Forty-three infants reared by their biological mothers and 15 infants that were cross-fostered at birth and reared by unrelated mothers were followed longitudinally through their first 3 years of life or longer. Approximately half of the infants were reared by abusive mothers and half by nonabusive controls. Abused infants did not differ from controls in CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylgycol (MHPG). Abused infants, however, were exposed to higher rates of maternal rejection, and highly rejected infants had lower CSF 5-HIAA and HVA than low-rejection infants. The abused females who became abusive mothers in adulthood had lower CSF 5-HIAA than the abused females who did not. A similar trend was also observed among the cross-fostered females, suggesting that low serotonergic function resulting from early exposure to high rates of maternal rejection plays a role in the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Aggression, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Brain, Female, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Macaca mulatta, Male, Maternal Behavior, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, Parenting, Rejection (Psychology), Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0735-7044}, doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.120.5.1017}, author = {Maestripieri, D. and Higley, J. D. and Lindell, S. G. and Newman, T. K. and McCormack, K. M. and Sanchez, M. M.} } @article {5909, title = {Early Childhood Developmental Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: National, Regional, and Global Prevalence Estimates Using Predictive Modeling}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {1549-1676
McCoy, Dana Charles
Peet, Evan D
Orcid: 0000-0001-6147-3475
Ezzati, Majid
Orcid: 0000-0002-2109-8081
Danaei, Goodarz
Black, Maureen M
Sudfeld, Christopher R
Fawzi, Wafaie
Fink, Gunther
100693/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
PLoS Med. 2016 Jun 7;13(6):e1002034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034. eCollection 2016 Jun.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {e1002233}, edition = {2016/06/09}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The development of cognitive and socioemotional skills early in life influences later health and well-being. Existing estimates of unmet developmental potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are based on either measures of physical growth or proxy measures such as poverty. In this paper we aim to directly estimate the number of children in LMICs who would be reported by their caregivers to show low cognitive and/or socioemotional development. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The present paper uses Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) data collected between 2005 and 2015 from 99,222 3- and 4-y-old children living in 35 LMICs as part of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programs. First, we estimate the prevalence of low cognitive and/or socioemotional ECDI scores within our MICS/DHS sample. Next, we test a series of ordinary least squares regression models predicting low ECDI scores across our MICS/DHS sample countries based on country-level data from the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Nutrition Impact Model Study. We use cross-validation to select the model with the best predictive validity. We then apply this model to all LMICs to generate country-level estimates of the prevalence of low ECDI scores globally, as well as confidence intervals around these estimates. In the pooled MICS and DHS sample, 14.6\% of children had low ECDI scores in the cognitive domain, 26.2\% had low socioemotional scores, and 36.8\% performed poorly in either or both domains. Country-level prevalence of low cognitive and/or socioemotional scores on the ECDI was best represented by a model using the HDI as a predictor. Applying this model to all LMICs, we estimate that 80.8 million children ages 3 and 4 y (95\% CI 48.1 million, 113.6 million) in LMICs experienced low cognitive and/or socioemotional development in 2010, with the largest number of affected children in sub-Saharan Africa (29.4.1 million; 43.8\% of children ages 3 and 4 y), followed by South Asia (27.7 million; 37.7\%) and the East Asia and Pacific region (15.1 million; 25.9\%). Positive associations were found between low development scores and stunting, poverty, male sex, rural residence, and lack of cognitive stimulation. Additional research using more detailed developmental assessments across a larger number of LMICs is needed to address the limitations of the present study. CONCLUSIONS: The number of children globally failing to reach their developmental potential remains large. Additional research is needed to identify the specific causes of poor developmental outcomes in diverse settings, as well as potential context-specific interventions that might promote children{\textquoteright}s early cognitive and socioemotional well-being.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Cognition, *Models, Theoretical, *Social Behavior, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries/*statistics \& numerical data, Economics, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {1549-1277}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034}, author = {McCoy, D. C. and Peet, E. D. and Ezzati, M. and Danaei, G. and Black, M. M. and Sudfeld, C. R. and Fawzi, W. and Fink, G.} } @article {6125, title = {Emergent growth patterns of early education self-control problems among children from underresourced American families}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {48}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-02-2019}, pages = {1 - 13}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.08.010}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200618301418}, author = {McDermott, Paul A. and Watkins, Marley W. and Rovine, Michael J. and Rikoon, Samuel H. and Irwin, Clare W. and Reyes, Roland and Chao, Jessica L.} } @article {194, title = {Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {12}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Mar}, pages = {342-8}, abstract = {

Maternal care influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in the rat through epigenetic programming of glucocorticoid receptor expression. In humans, childhood abuse alters HPA stress responses and increases the risk of suicide. We examined epigenetic differences in a neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) promoter between postmortem hippocampus obtained from suicide victims with a history of childhood abuse and those from either suicide victims with no childhood abuse or controls. We found decreased levels of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA, as well as mRNA transcripts bearing the glucocorticoid receptor 1F splice variant and increased cytosine methylation of an NR3C1 promoter. Patch-methylated NR3C1 promoter constructs that mimicked the methylation state in samples from abused suicide victims showed decreased NGFI-A transcription factor binding and NGFI-A-inducible gene transcription. These findings translate previous results from rat to humans and suggest a common effect of parental care on the epigenetic regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Base Sequence, Cell Line, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Suicide, Young Adult}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.2270}, author = {McGowan, Patrick O and Sasaki, Aya and D{\textquoteright}Alessio, Ana C and Dymov, Sergiy and Labont{\'e}, Benoit and Szyf, Moshe and Turecki, Gustavo and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {434, title = {Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene x environment interactions.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan-Feb}, pages = {41-79}, abstract = {

Variations in phenotype reflect the influence of environmental conditions during development on cellular functions, including that of the genome. The recent integration of epigenetics into developmental psychobiology illustrates the processes by which environmental conditions in early life structurally alter DNA, providing a physical basis for the influence of the perinatal environmental signals on phenotype over the life of the individual. This review focuses on the enduring effects of naturally occurring variations in maternal care on gene expression and phenotype to provide an example of environmentally driven plasticity at the level of the DNA, revealing the interdependence of gene and environmental in the regulation of phenotype.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Critical Period (Psychology), DNA, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genome, Human, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Phenotype, Social Environment}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01381.x}, author = {Meaney, Michael J} } @article {7379, title = {The Effects of a Reading-Based Intervention on Emotion Processing in Children Who Have Suffered Early Adversity and War Related Trauma}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {Dec-03-2022}, keywords = {affective development, emotion recognition, reading intervention, refugee children, war trauma}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613754}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613754/full}, author = {Michalek, Julia E. and Lisi, Matteo and Awad, Deema and Hadfield, Kristin and Mareschal, Isabelle and Dajani, Rana} } @article {6089, title = {Early Childhood Matters 2019}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {child health, child nutrition, child protection, early childhood development (ECD), early learning}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/issues/early-childhood-matters-2019/}, author = {Moreno, T. and Lombardi, J.} } @article {440, title = {Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals.}, journal = {Hum Mol Genet}, volume = {14 Spec No 1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Apr 15}, pages = {R47-58}, abstract = {

Epigenetic marking systems confer stability of gene expression during mammalian development. Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming occurs at stages when developmental potency of cells changes. At fertilization, the paternal genome exchanges protamines for histones, undergoes DNA demethylation, and acquires histone modifications, whereas the maternal genome appears epigenetically more static. During preimplantation development, there is passive DNA demethylation and further reorganization of histone modifications. In blastocysts, embryonic and extraembryonic lineages first show different epigenetic marks. This epigenetic reprogramming is likely to be needed for totipotency, correct initiation of embryonic gene expression, and early lineage development in the embryo. Comparative work demonstrates reprogramming in all mammalian species analysed, but the extent and timing varies, consistent with notable differences between species during preimplantation development. Parental imprinting marks originate in sperm and oocytes and are generally protected from this genome-wide reprogramming. Early primordial germ cells possess imprinting marks similar to those of somatic cells. However, rapid DNA demethylation after midgestation erases these parental imprints, in preparation for sex-specific de novo methylation during gametogenesis. Aberrant reprogramming of somatic epigenetic marks after somatic cell nuclear transfer leads to epigenetic defects in cloned embryos and stem cells. Links between epigenetic marking systems appear to be developmentally regulated contributing to plasticity. A number of activities that confer epigenetic marks are firmly established, while for those that remove marks, particularly methylation, some interesting candidates have emerged recently which need thorough testing in vivo. A mechanistic understanding of reprogramming will be crucial for medical applications of stem cell technology.

}, keywords = {Animals, Cell Lineage, DNA Methylation, Embryonic Development, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Germ Cells, Histones, Male, Mice, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Stem Cells}, issn = {0964-6906}, doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddi114}, author = {Morgan, Hugh D and Santos, F{\'a}tima and Green, Kelly and Dean, Wendy and Reik, Wolf} } @article {4601, title = {Early interventions to prevent mental disorders--learning lessons from the field of psychosis}, journal = {Rev Bras Psiquiatr}, volume = {33 Suppl 2}, year = {2011}, note = {Moriyama, Tais S
Miguel, Euripedes C
Leckman, James
eng
por
Editorial
Introductory
Brazil
2012/02/09 06:00
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2011 Oct;33 Suppl 2:s125-8.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {s125-8}, keywords = {*Early Medical Intervention, Bipolar Disorder/prevention \& control, Humans, Mental Disorders/*prevention \& control, Psychotic Disorders/prevention \& control, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1809-452X (Electronic)
1516-4446 (Linking)}, author = {Moriyama, T. S. and Miguel, E. C. and Leckman, J.} } @article {387, title = {Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: a randomized control trial.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Feb}, pages = {195-210}, abstract = {

The efficacy of a short-term attachment-based intervention for changing risk outcomes for children of maltreating families was examined using a randomized control trial. Sixty-seven primary caregivers reported for maltreatment and their children (1-5 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received 8 weekly home visits directed at the caregiver-child dyad and focused on improving caregiver sensitivity. Intervention sessions included brief discussions of attachment-emotion regulation-related themes and video feedback of parent-child interaction. Comparison of pre- and posttest scores revealed significant improvements for the intervention group in parental sensitivity and child attachment security, and a reduction in child disorganization. Older children in the intervention group also showed lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems following intervention. This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of short-term attachment-based intervention in enhancing parental sensitivity, improving child security, and reducing disorganization for children in the early childhood period.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child Behavior, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Feedback, Psychological, Female, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Parenting, Socioeconomic Factors, Video Recording}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000738}, author = {Moss, Ellen and Dubois-Comtois, Karine and Cyr, Chantal and Tarabulsy, George M and St-Laurent, Diane and Bernier, Annie} } @article {6155, title = {ECD and early learning for children in crisis and conflict}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Moving Minds Alliance}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), early learning, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://movingmindsalliance.org/files/ecd-and-early-learning-for-children-in-crisis-and-conflict.pdf}, author = {MovingMindsAlliance} } @article {3116, title = {The Effects of Child Abuse and Exposure to Domestic Violence on Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems}, journal = {Journal of family violence}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {20495613[pmid]
J Fam Violence}, pages = {53-63}, abstract = {This study examines the effects of child abuse and domestic violence exposure in childhood on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Data for this analysis are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study, a prospective study of 457 youth addressing outcomes of family violence and resilience in individuals and families. Results show that child abuse, domestic violence, and both in combination (i.e., dual exposure) increase a child{\textquoteright}s risk for internalizing and externalizing outcomes in adolescence. When accounting for risk factors associated with additional stressors in the family and surrounding environment, only those children with dual exposure had an elevated risk of the tested outcomes compared to non-exposed youth. However, while there were some observable differences in the prediction of outcomes for children with dual exposure compared to those with single exposure (i.e., abuse only or exposure to domestic violence only), these difference were not statistically significant. Analyses showed that the effects of exposure for boys and girls are statistically comparable.}, isbn = {0885-7482}, author = {Moylan, Carrie A. and Herrenkohl, Todd I. and Sousa, Cindy and Tajima, Emiko A. and Herrenkohl, Roy C. and Russo, M. Jean} } @article {7697, title = {Epigenetic signatures of intergenerational exposure to violence in three generations of Syrian refugees}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, month = {Jan-12-2025}, keywords = {Human genome, Migrants, Refugees, Syria}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-89818-z}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-89818-z}, author = {Mulligan, Connie J. and Quinn, Edward B. and Hamadmad, Dima and Dutton, Christopher L. and Nevell, Lisa and Binder, Alexandra M. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Dajani, Rana} } @article {6059, title = {Effect of participatory women{\textquoteright}s groups and counselling through home visits on children{\textquoteright}s linear growth in rural eastern India (CARING trial): a cluster-randomised controlled trial}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-10-2017}, pages = {e1004 - e1016}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30339-X}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X1730339Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2214109X1730339X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2214109X1730339X?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Nair, Nirmala and Tripathy, Prasanta and Sachdev, H S and Pradhan, Hemanta and Bhattacharyya, Sanghita and Gope, Rajkumar and Gagrai, Sumitra and Rath, Shibanand and Rath, Suchitra and Sinha, Rajesh and Roy, Swati Sarbani and Shewale, Suhas and Singh, Vijay and Srivastava, Aradhana and Costello, Anthony and Copas, Andrew and Skordis-Worrall, Jolene and Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan and Saville, Naomi and Prost, Audrey} } @book {514, title = {Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers}, year = {2000}, note = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers}, pages = {468}, publisher = {The National Academies Press}, organization = {The National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

Clearly babies come into the world remarkably receptive to its wonders. Their alertness to sights, sounds, and even abstract concepts makes them inquisitive explorers--and learners--every waking minute. Well before formal schooling begins, children\&$\#$39;s early experiences lay the foundations for their later social behavior, emotional regulation, and literacy. Yet, for a variety of reasons, far too little attention is given to the quality of these crucial years. Outmoded theories, outdated facts, and undersized budgets all play a part in the uneven quality of early childhood programs throughout our country. What will it take to provide better early education and care for our children between the ages of two and five? Eager to Learn explores this crucial question, synthesizing the newest research findings on how young children learn and the impact of early learning. Key discoveries in how young children learn are reviewed in language accessible to parents as well as educators: findings about the interplay of biology and environment, variations in learning among individuals and children from different social and economic groups, and the importance of health, safety, nutrition and interpersonal warmth to early learning. Perhaps most significant, the book documents how very early in life learning really begins. Valuable conclusions and recommendations are presented in the areas of the teacher-child relationship, the organization and content of curriculum, meeting the needs of those children most at risk of school failure, teacher preparation, assessment of teaching and learning, and more. The book discusses: Evidence for competing theories, models, and approaches in the field and a hard look at some day-to-day practices and activities generally used in preschool. The role of the teacher, the importance of peer interactions, and other relationships in the child\&$\#$39;s life. Learning needs of minority children, children with disabilities, and other special groups. Approaches to assessing young children\&$\#$39;s learning for the purposes of policy decisions, diagnosis of educational difficulties, and instructional planning. Preparation and continuing development of teachers. Eager to Learn presents a comprehensive, coherent picture of early childhood learning, along with a clear path toward improving this important stage of life for all children.

}, keywords = {Education}, isbn = {978-0-309-06836-9}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers}, author = {NationalResearchCouncil}, editor = {Bowman, B. T. and Donovan, M. S. and Burns, M. S.} } @article {5915, title = {Early-Life Adversity and Physical and Emotional Health Across the Lifespan: A Neuroimmune Network Hypothesis}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {80}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {1873-2402
Nusslock, Robin
Miller, Gregory E
P30 DA027827/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 HL122328/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH100117/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1;80(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.017. Epub 2015 Jun 4.}, month = {Jul 1}, pages = {23-32}, edition = {2015/07/15}, abstract = {Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and clinicians alike. How does adversity get under the skin of the developing child? Through what mechanisms does it confer vulnerability to a heterogeneous set of mental and physical illnesses? And how does it instantiate risk across different life stages, engendering vulnerability to conditions that develop shortly after stressor exposure-like depression-and conditions that manifest decades later, like heart disease? Although answers to these questions have started to emerge, research has typically focused on single diseases or organ systems. To understand the plethora of health problems associated with childhood adversity, we argue that the field needs a second generation of research that recognizes multidirectional transactions among biological systems. To help facilitate this process, we propose a neuroimmune network hypothesis as a heuristic framework for organizing knowledge from disparate literatures and as a springboard for generating integrative research. Drawing on existing data, we argue that early-life adversity amplifies crosstalk between peripheral inflammation and neural circuitries subserving threat-related, reward-related, and executive control-related processes. This crosstalk results in chronic low-grade inflammation, thereby contributing to adiposity, insulin resistance, and other predisease states. In the brain, inflammatory mediators act on cortico-amygdala threat and cortico-basal ganglia reward, circuitries in a manner that predisposes individuals to self-medicating behaviors like smoking, drug use, and consumption of high-fat diets. Acting in concert with inflammation, these behaviors accelerate the pathogenesis of emotional and physical health problems.}, keywords = {*Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events, *Child Abuse, *depression, *Heart disease, *Inflammation, *Maltreatment, *Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology, *Poverty, *Reward, *Stress, Adult, Child, Executive Function/*physiology, Fear/*physiology, Humans, Inflammation/*complications/etiology/immunology/metabolism, Stress, Psychological/*complications/immunology/metabolism}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.017}, author = {Nusslock, R. and Miller, G. E.} } @article {444, title = {The effects of global severe privation on cognitive competence: extension and longitudinal follow-up. English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {71}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Mar-Apr}, pages = {376-90}, abstract = {

The current study extends previous research on a sample of children adopted into the United Kingdom following severe early deprivation and a comparison sample of nondeprived, within-country, early adoptees. We assessed 165 children adopted from Romania and 52 U.K. adoptees at age 6 years. Longitudinal data (at age 4 and 6 years) were available on 111 Romanian adoptees placed into U.K. homes before 24 months of age and on all U.K. adoptees. Results indicated that there was considerable catch-up among late-placed Romanian children from entry into the United Kingdom to age 6, but as a group they exhibited lower cognitive scores and general developmental impairment compared with earlier adopted Romanian children. In addition, the resilience suggested at the assessment at age 4 years was maintained longitudinally, but there was no further evidence of catch-up or recovery.

}, keywords = {Anthropometry, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Social Environment}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor, T G and Rutter, M and Beckett, C and Keaveney, L and Kreppner, J M} } @article {389, title = {Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {114}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Dec}, pages = {1560-8}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of prenatal and infancy home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses from child age 2 through age 4 years.

METHODS: We conducted, in public and private care settings in Denver, Colorado, a randomized, controlled trial with 3 arms, ie, control, paraprofessional visits, and nurse visits. Home visits were provided from pregnancy through child age 2 years. We invited 1178 consecutive, low-income, pregnant women with no previous live births to participate, and we randomized 735; 85\% were unmarried, 47\% Mexican American, 35\% white non-Mexican American, 15\% black, and 3\% American Indian/Asian. Outcomes consisted of maternal reports of subsequent pregnancies, participation in education and work, use of welfare, marriage, cohabitation, experience of domestic violence, mental health, substance use, and sense of mastery; observations of mother-child interaction and the home environment; tests of children\&$\#$39;s language and executive functioning; and mothers\&$\#$39; reports of children\&$\#$39;s externalizing behavior problems.

RESULTS: Two years after the program ended, women who were visited by paraprofessionals, compared with control subjects, were less likely to be married (32.2\% vs 44.0\%) and to live with the biological father of the child (32.7\% vs 43.1\%) but worked more (15.13 months vs 13.38 months) and reported a greater sense of mastery and better mental health (standardized scores [mean = 100, SD = 10] of 101.25 vs 99.31 and 101.21 vs 99.16, respectively). Paraprofessional-visited women had fewer subsequent miscarriages (6.6\% vs 12.3\%) and low birth weight newborns (2.8\% vs 7.7\%). Mothers and children who were visited by paraprofessionals, compared with control subjects, displayed greater sensitivity and responsiveness toward one another (standardized score [mean = 100, SD = 10] of 100.92 vs 98.66) and, in cases in which the mothers had low levels of psychologic resources at registration, had home environments that were more supportive of children\&$\#$39;s early learning (score of 24.63 vs 23.35). Nurse-visited women reported greater intervals between the births of their first and second children (24.51 months vs 20.39 months) and less domestic violence (6.9\% vs 13.6\%) and enrolled their children less frequently in preschool, Head Start, or licensed day care than did control subjects. Nurse-visited children whose mothers had low levels of psychologic resources at registration, compared with control group counterparts, demonstrated home environments that were more supportive of children\&$\#$39;s early learning (score of 24.61 vs 23.35), more advanced language (score of 91.39 vs 86.73), superior executive functioning (score of 100.16 vs 95.48), and better behavioral adaptation during testing (score of 100.41 vs 96.66). There were no statistically significant effects of either nurse or paraprofessional visits on the number of subsequent pregnancies, women\&$\#$39;s educational achievement, use of substances, use of welfare, or children\&$\#$39;s externalizing behavior problems.

CONCLUSIONS: Paraprofessional-visited mothers began to experience benefits from the program 2 years after the program ended at child age 2 years, but their first-born children were not statistically distinguishable from their control group counterparts. Nurse-visited mothers and children continued to benefit from the program 2 years after it ended. The impact of the nurse-delivered program on children was concentrated on children born to mothers with low levels of psychologic resources.

}, keywords = {African Continental Ancestry Group, Birth Intervals, Child Behavior, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Community Health Workers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Services, Humans, Infant, Male, Marital Status, Maternal Health Services, Mother-Child Relations, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pregnancy, Single Parent, Urban Population}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2004-0961}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Robinson, J. and Pettitt, L. and Luckey, D. W. and Holmberg, J. and Ng, R. K. and Isacks, K. and Sheff, K. and Henderson, C. R.} } @article {709, title = {Evidentiary foundations of nurse-family partnership,}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/assets/PDF/Policy/NFP_Evidentiary_Foundations.aspx}, author = {D. L. Olds} } @article {3216, title = {The Effects of Armed Conflict on Educational Attainment and Inequality}, year = {2016}, institution = {Education Policy and Data Center, FHI 360}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/Omoeva\%20Hatch\%20and\%20Moussa\%20\%282016\%29\%20-\%20The\%20Effects\%20of\%20Armed\%20Conflict\%20on\%20Educational\%20Attainment\%20and\%20Inequality.pdf}, author = {C. Omoeva and R. Hatch and W. Moussa} } @article {6205, title = {Experiences of Fathers of Babies Admitted into a Neonatal Unit in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-03-2019}, pages = {1 - 10}, keywords = {experiences, Fathers, newborns, NICU}, doi = {10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i130058}, url = {http://www.journaljammr.com/index.php/JAMMR/article/view/30058}, author = {Opara, P. I. and Alinnor, E. A.} } @article {5920, title = {Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development--interconnected pathways to wellbeing}, journal = {J Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {1469-7610
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Leckman, James F
Editorial
Introductory Journal Article
England
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;54(4):333-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12057.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {333-6}, edition = {2013/03/23}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Resilience, Psychological, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Infant, Quality of Life/*psychology, Social Adjustment}, isbn = {0021-9630}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {450, title = {Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development--interconnected pathways to wellbeing.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {333-6}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Infant, Quality of Life, Resilience, Psychological, Social Adjustment}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12057}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {730, title = {Effectiveness of community dissemination of parent{\textendash}child interaction therapy.}, journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-01-2012}, pages = {204 - 213}, issn = {1942-9681}, doi = {10.1037/a0022948}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0022948}, author = {Pearl, Erica and Thieken, Lacey and Olafson, Erna and Boat, Barbara and Connelly, Lisa and Barnes, Jaclyn and Putnam, Frank} } @article {6369, title = {Effects of the Mother-Child Education Program on parenting stress and disciplinary practices among refugee and other marginalized communities in Lebanon: A pilot randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-01-2020}, keywords = {disciplinary style, early childhood development and education, humanitarian crises, parental stress, parenting programs}, issn = {08908567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2019.12.010}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856720300666?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana A. and Issa, Ghassan and Aoudeh, Lara and Maalouf, Cosette and Hein, Sascha D. and Zonderman, Anna L. and Katsovich, Liliya and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Bick, Johanna and Awar, Abir and Nourallah, Sawsan and Householder, Sarah and Moore, Christina C. and Salah, Rima and Britto, Pia R. and Leckman, James F.} } @article {7099, title = {Exploratory analysis of decentralized governance and its implications for the equity of early childhood education services in four countries of Europe and Central Asia}, journal = {Early Years}, volume = {39}, year = {2019}, chapter = {326}, keywords = {decentralization, Early childhood education, equity, governance}, doi = {10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, author = {Ponguta, L. and Aggio, C. and Moore, K. and Hartwig, E. and Jang, B. and Markovic, J. and Hasanova, L. and Bosworth, J. and Grover, D.} } @article {5675, title = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium: Full report on the global launch}, year = {2013}, month = {September 2013}, institution = {Yale University}, address = {New Haven}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium, ECPC, peacebuilding}, url = {https://medicine.yale.edu/childstudy/fcpb/research/publications/YPPS_FINAL\%20Full\%20EPCP\%20report_28Oct2014_204527_284_28959_v2.pdf}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Zonderman, A.} } @article {7451, title = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium: Full report on the global launch}, year = {2013}, institution = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC), peacebuilding}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ecpc-full-report-global-launch_Sept2013.pdf}, author = {Ponguta, LA and Zonderman, A} } @article {6093, title = {Exploratory analysis of decentralized governance and its implications for the equity of early childhood education services in four countries of Europe and Central Asia}, journal = {Early Years}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-06-2020}, pages = {1 - 17}, issn = {0957-5146}, doi = {10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Aggio, Carlos and Moore, Kathryn and Hartwig, Elisa and Jang, Bosun and Markovic, Jelena and Hasanova, Leyla and Bosworth, Joanne and Grover, Deepa} } @inbook {6041, title = {Early Childhood Development programs, peacebuilding, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research and multisectoral partnerships}, volume = {74}, year = {2018}, pages = {77 - 95}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, keywords = {Bioecological risks, early childhood development, Early Childhood Peacebuilding Consortium, Global peace index, Interdisciplinary research, Multisectoral partnerships, peacebuilding, Social and human capital, Social cohesion, Sustainable development}, isbn = {978-3-319-96591-8}, issn = {1387-6570}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96592-510.1007/978-3-319-96592-5_4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96592-5_4}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Connolly, P. and Dunne, L. and Miller, S. and Britto, P. and Salah, R. and Leckman, J.}, editor = {Verma, S. and Petersen, A. C.} } @article {391, title = {An evaluation of the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence Parents Raising Safe Kids program.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {32}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {147-60}, abstract = {

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence Parents Raising Safe Kids program, developed by the American Psychological Association in collaboration with the National Association for the Education of Young Children, as an economical primary prevention intervention for child maltreatment. Using an experimental design with random assignment to groups, program impact on participating parents\&$\#$39; knowledge, behavior, and attitudes compared to those of a comparison group of parents receiving standard community-based support services was examined. As hypothesized, the ACT Parents Raising Safe Kids program achieved positive results in several areas related to effective parenting, including a reduction in the use of harsh verbal and physical discipline and an increase in nurturing behavior. Positive results were observable both at the conclusion of the ACT program and at three-month follow-up. Results further indicated a positive impact on parent expectations and social support for those parents with the greatest need in these areas. Qualitative data collected through focus groups demonstrated that parents themselves perceived numerous benefits to the ACT program, including assistance in controlling their anger, learning and implementing better parenting and discipline strategies, and recognizing when their child\&$\#$39;s behavior is developmentally appropriate. Overall, findings suggest that the ACT Parents Raising Safe Kids program is a promising primary prevention strategy that can be implemented across diverse community settings.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Data Collection, Educational Measurement, Educational Status, Female, Focus Groups, Health Education, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Primary Prevention, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Social Support, Statistics as Topic, Violence}, issn = {1573-6547}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-011-0249-5}, author = {Portwood, Sharon G and Lambert, Richard G and Abrams, Lyndon P and Nelson, Ellissa Brooks} } @article {5923, title = {Enhancing Father Involvement in Low-Income Families: A Couples Group Approach to Preventive Intervention}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {1467-8624
Pruett, Marsha Kline
Pruett, Kyle
Cowan, Carolyn Pape
Cowan, Philip A
Journal Article
Review
United States
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):398-407. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12744. Epub 2017 Feb 1.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {398-407}, edition = {2017/02/02}, abstract = {To address the problem of fathers{\textquoteright} absence from children{\textquoteright}s lives and the difficulty of paternal engagement, especially among lower income families, government agencies have given increasing attention to funding father involvement interventions. Few of these interventions have yielded promising results. Father involvement research that focuses on the couple/coparenting relationship offers a pathway to support fathers{\textquoteright} involvement while strengthening family relationships. Relevant research is reviewed and an exemplar is provided in the Supporting Father Involvement intervention and its positive effects on parental and parent-child relationships and children{\textquoteright}s outcomes. The article concludes with policy implications of this choice of target populations and the need to develop new strategies to involve fathers in the lives of their children.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Adult, Child, Couples Therapy/*methods/standards, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Poverty/*psychology}, isbn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/cdev.12744}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A.} } @inbook {7394, title = { Engaging fathers of young children in low-income families to improve child and family outcomes: A preventive intervention perspective}, booktitle = {Handbook of fathers and child development: Prenatal to preschool}, year = {2020}, pages = {627{\textendash}638}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = { Engaging fathers of young children in low-income families to improve child and family outcomes: A preventive intervention persp}, keywords = {Coparenting, Cultural and national contexts, Diverse fathers, Fathers in low-income families, Supporting Father Involvement}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51027-5_38}, author = {Pruett, K. and Pruett, M. and Fitzgerald, H. and von Klitzing, K. and Cabrera, N. and Scarano de Mendonca, J. and Skjothaung, T.} } @article {5311, title = {Enhancing Father Involvement in Low-Income Families: A Couples Group Approach to Preventive Intervention}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Pruett, Marsha Kline
Pruett, Kyle
Cowan, Carolyn Pape
Cowan, Philip A
eng
Review
2017/02/02 06:00
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):398-407. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12744. Epub 2017 Feb 1.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {398-407}, abstract = {To address the problem of fathers{\textquoteright} absence from children{\textquoteright}s lives and the difficulty of paternal engagement, especially among lower income families, government agencies have given increasing attention to funding father involvement interventions. Few of these interventions have yielded promising results. Father involvement research that focuses on the couple/coparenting relationship offers a pathway to support fathers{\textquoteright} involvement while strengthening family relationships. Relevant research is reviewed and an exemplar is provided in the Supporting Father Involvement intervention and its positive effects on parental and parent-child relationships and children{\textquoteright}s outcomes. The article concludes with policy implications of this choice of target populations and the need to develop new strategies to involve fathers in the lives of their children.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Adult, Child, Couples Therapy/*methods/standards, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Poverty/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A.} } @article {7384, title = {Enhancing Paternal Engagement in a Coparenting Paradigm}, journal = {Child Development Perspectives}, volume = {11}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-12-2017}, pages = {245 - 250}, keywords = {co-parenting, fatherhood}, doi = {10.1111/cdep.2017.11.issue-410.1111/cdep.12239}, url = {https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdep.12239}, author = {Pruett, Marsha Kline and Pruett, Kyle D. and Cowan, Carolyn P. and Cowan, Philip A.} } @article {5925, title = {Epigenetic Alterations Associated with War Trauma and Childhood Maltreatment}, journal = {Behav Sci Law}, volume = {33}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, note = {1099-0798
Ramo-Fernandez, Laura
Schneider, Anna
Wilker, Sarah
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
Journal Article
Review
United States
Behav Sci Law. 2015 Oct;33(5):701-21. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2200. Epub 2015 Sep 11.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {701-21}, edition = {2015/09/12}, abstract = {Survivors of war trauma or childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for trauma-spectrum disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, traumatic stress has been associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine and the immune system, enhancing the risk for physical diseases. Traumatic experiences might even affect psychological as well as biological parameters in the next generation, i.e. traumatic stress might have transgenerational effects. This article outlines how epigenetic processes, which represent a pivotal biological mechanism for dynamic adaptation to environmental challenges, might contribute to the explanation of the long-lasting and transgenerational effects of trauma. In particular, epigenetic alterations in genes regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the immune system have been observed in survivors of childhood and adult trauma. These changes could result in enduring alterations of the stress response as well as the physical health risk. Furthermore, the effects of parental trauma could be transmitted to the next generation by parental distress and the pre- and postnatal environment, as well as by epigenetic marks transmitted via the germline. While epigenetic research has a high potential of advancing our understanding of the consequences of trauma, the findings have to be interpreted with caution, as epigenetics only represent one piece of a complex puzzle of interacting biological and environmental factors. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse, *Warfare, Adult, Child, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/psychology}, isbn = {0735-3936}, doi = {10.1002/bsl.2200}, author = {Ramo-Fernandez, L. and Schneider, A. and Wilker, S. and Kolassa, I. T.} } @article {5926, title = {Effects of a school-based, early childhood intervention on adult health and well-being: a 19-year follow-up of low-income families}, journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med}, volume = {161}, number = {8}, year = {2007}, note = {Reynolds, Arthur J
Temple, Judy A
Ou, Suh-Ruu
Robertson, Dylan L
Mersky, Joshua P
Topitzes, James W
Niles, Michael D
R01 HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD034294-11/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Aug;161(8):730-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {730-9}, edition = {2007/08/08}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of an established preventive intervention on the health and well-being of an urban cohort in young adulthood. DESIGN: Follow-up of a nonrandomized alternative-intervention matched-group cohort at age 24 years. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1539 low-income participants who enrolled in the Child-Parent Center program in 20 sites or in an alternative kindergarten intervention. INTERVENTIONS: The Child-Parent Center program provides school-based educational enrichment and comprehensive family services from preschool to third grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Educational attainment, adult arrest and incarceration, health status and behavior, and economic well-being. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison group and adjusted for many covariates, Child-Parent Center preschool participants had higher rates of school completion (63.7\% vs 71.4\%, respectively; P = .01) and attendance in 4-year colleges as well as more years of education. They were more likely to have health insurance coverage (61.5\% vs 70.2\%, respectively; P = .005). Preschool graduates relative to the comparison group also had lower rates of felony arrests (16.5\% vs 21.1\%, respectively; P = .02), convictions, incarceration (20.6\% vs 25.6\%, respectively; P = .03), depressive symptoms (12.8\% vs 17.4\%, respectively; P=.06), and out-of-home placement. Participation in both preschool and school-age intervention relative to the comparison group was associated with higher rates of full-time employment (42.7\% vs 36.4\%, respectively; P = .04), higher levels of educational attainment, lower rates of arrests for violent offenses, and lower rates of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a school-based intervention beginning in preschool was associated with a wide range of positive outcomes. Findings provide evidence that established early education programs can have enduring effects on general well-being into adulthood.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, *Urban Population, Adolescent, Adult, African Americans/education/*psychology, Chicago, Child, Crime/ethnology/legislation \& jurisprudence, Early Intervention (Education)/*organization \& administration, Educational Status, Employment, Family Health/*ethnology, Female, Hispanic Americans/education/*psychology, Holistic Health, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups/education/*psychology, Parents/*education, Poverty Areas, Poverty/*ethnology, Program Evaluation, Prospective Studies, Schools/*organization \& administration, Socioeconomic Factors, Universities}, isbn = {1072-4710 (Print)
1072-4710}, doi = {10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730}, author = {Reynolds, A. J. and Temple, J. A. and Ou, S. R. and Robertson, D. L. and Mersky, J. P. and Topitzes, J. W. and Niles, M. D.} } @inbook {584, title = {Early childhood}, booktitle = {Promoting Mental Health in Scarce-resource Contexts: Emerging Evidence and Practice}, year = {2010}, pages = {99-123}, publisher = {Human Sciences Research Council}, organization = {Human Sciences Research Council}, address = {Cape Town, South Africa}, isbn = {9780796923035}, url = {https://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/books/promoting-mental-health-in-scarce-resource-contexts}, author = {L. Richter and A. Dawes and J. de Kadt}, editor = {Petersen, I. and A. Bhana and A. J. Flisher and L. Swartz and L. Richter} } @article {6585, title = {Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-05-2020}, keywords = {Child Mortality, COVID-19, Health, maternal mortality, nutrition}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30229-1}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X20302291}, author = {Roberton, Timothy and Carter, Emily D and Chou, Victoria B and Stegmuller, Angela R and Jackson, Bianca D and Tam, Yvonne and Sawadogo-Lewis, Talata and Walker, Neff} } @article {392, title = {Effects of Healthy Families New York on the promotion of maternal parenting competencies and the prevention of harsh parenting.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {711-23}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: This paper examines the effectiveness of the Healthy Families New York (HFNY) home visiting program in promoting parenting competencies and preventing maladaptive parenting behaviors in mothers at risk for child abuse and neglect.

METHODS: The study used microlevel observational assessments of mother-child interactions in the third wave of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether mothers who received home visiting services were more likely to exhibit positive parenting and less likely to display negative parenting behaviors than those who did not receive these services. Women were randomly assigned during pregnancy or shortly after the birth of the target child to an intervention group that was offered home visiting services or a control group that was given referrals to other services. At Year 3, 522 mother and child pairs were systematically observed while they interacted in semistructured tasks presenting varied parenting challenges. The study also sought to replicate a finding from Year 2, which revealed that program effects on harsh parenting were stronger among young, first-time mothers who were randomly assigned during pregnancy (the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup) than among the other mothers (the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup).

RESULTS: Results indicate that HFNY was effective in fostering positive parenting, such as maternal responsivity and cognitive engagement. With respect to negative parenting, HFNY mothers in the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup were less likely than their counterparts in the control group to use harsh parenting, while no differences were detected for the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup.

CONCLUSION: HFNY was successful in promoting positive parenting among mothers at risk for child abuse and neglect, which may reflect the program\&$\#$39;s strength-based approach. The replication of the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup as a moderator of program effects on harsh parenting further suggests that HFNY may be more useful for preventing the initiation rather than the recurrence of child abuse and neglect.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: To optimize service delivery, HFNY should continue to focus on enhancing parent-child interactions, prioritize HFNY services for young, first-time mothers who are offered the program during pregnancy, and investigate effective strategies to reduce negative parenting practices among the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls, Humans, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, New York, Parenting, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Questionnaires, Risk, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.03.004}, author = {Rodriguez, M L and Dumont, K and Mitchell-Herzfeld, S D and Walden, N J and Greene, R} } @article {5061, title = {Effects of welfare reform on children of adolescent mothers: moderation by maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement}, journal = {Women Health}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, note = {Rosman, E A
Yoshikawa, H
eng
Evaluation Studies
2001/08/02 10:00
Women Health. 2001;32(3):253-90. doi: 10.1300/J013v32n03_04.}, pages = {253-90}, abstract = {There are few data available on how effects of welfare reform on children may differ for different kinds of families. This study examined the constructs of maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement as moderators of the effects of a welfare reform program on children. The sample included 1,602 children between the ages of 3 and 6 1/2 whose mothers had participated in New Chance, a multi-site welfare-to-work program with an emphasis on human capital development (i.e., education, job training). Father and grandmother co-residence were investigated, in addition to perceived support from these family members, in predicting cognitive and behavioral child outcomes. The mediating roles of parenting stress and emotional support in parenting were also explored. Although main effects were found for the intervention and for maternal depression, no main effects were found for the family ecology variables. However, interactions suggested complex relationships among New Chance and the family characteristics for both the full sample and for Latina families. Results are discussed in terms of policy implications and possible future research.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, *Family Relations, *Social Support, Adolescent, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/*legislation \& jurisprudence, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder/complications/epidemiology, Education, Employment, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Maternal Welfare, Mothers/*psychology, Parenting/ethnology/psychology, Regression Analysis, United States/epidemiology, Women{\textquoteright}s Health}, isbn = {0363-0242 (Print)
0363-0242 (Linking)}, author = {Rosman, E. A. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5511, title = {Early childhood linear growth faltering in low-income and middle-income countries as a whole-population condition: analysis of 179 Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 countries (1993-2015)}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {5}, number = {12}, year = {2017}, note = {Roth, Daniel E
Krishna, Aditi
Leung, Michael
Shi, Joy
Bassani, Diego G
Barros, Aluisio J D
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2017/11/15 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Dec;5(12):e1249-e1257. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30418-7.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e1249-e1257}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The causes of early childhood linear growth faltering (known as stunting) in low-income and middle-income countries remain inadequately understood. We aimed to determine if the progressive postnatal decline in mean height-for-age Z score (HAZ) in low-income and middle-income countries is driven by relatively slow growth of certain high-risk children versus faltering of the entire population. METHODS: Distributions of HAZ (based on WHO growth standards) were analysed in 3-month age intervals from 0 to 36 months of age in 179 Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 low-income and middle-income countries (1993-2015). Mean, standard deviation (SD), fifth percentiles, and 95th percentiles of the HAZ distribution were estimated for each age interval in each survey. Associations between mean HAZ and SD, fifth percentile, and 95th percentile were estimated using multilevel linear models. Stratified analyses were performed in consideration of potential modifiers (world region, national income, sample size, year, or mean HAZ in the 0-3 month age band). We also used Monte Carlo simulations to model the effects of subgroup versus whole-population faltering on the HAZ distribution. FINDINGS: Declines in mean HAZ from birth to 3 years of age were accompanied by declines in both the fifth and 95th percentiles, leading to nearly symmetrical narrowing of the HAZ distributions. Thus, children with relatively low HAZ were not more likely to have faltered than taller same-age peers. Inferences were unchanged in surveys regardless of world region, national income, sample size, year, or mean HAZ in the 0-3 month age band. Simulations showed that the narrowing of the HAZ distribution as mean HAZ declined could not be explained by faltering limited to a growth-restricted subgroup of children. INTERPRETATION: In low-income and middle-income countries, declines in mean HAZ with age are due to a downward shift in the entire HAZ distribution, revealing that children across the HAZ spectrum experience slower growth compared to the international standard. Efforts to mitigate postnatal linear growth faltering in low-income and middle-income countries should prioritise action on community-level determinants of childhood HAZ trajectories. FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.}, keywords = {*Body Height/physiology, *Growth Disorders, *Income, *Poverty, Child Development/physiology, Child, Preschool, Demography, Developing Countries/statistics \& numerical data, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Models, Statistical}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Roth, D. E. and Krishna, A. and Leung, M. and Shi, J. and Bassani, D. G. and Barros, A. J. D.} } @article {3441, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/education-and-social-cohesion-country-report-south-africa}, author = {Y. Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and W. Sirkotte-Kriel and C. Garisch and J. Gaston and K. Foulds} } @article {397, title = {Equine-assisted psychotherapy: a mental health promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence.}, journal = {Health Soc Care Community}, volume = {15}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 May}, pages = {265-71}, abstract = {

Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) is a specialized form of psychotherapy using the horse as a therapeutic tool. This modality is designed to address self-esteem and personal confidence, communication and interpersonal effectiveness, trust, boundaries and limit-setting, and group cohesion. Substantial numbers of children witness family violence. There is evidence that violence between parents has adverse effects on the children in the family. These children are at greater risk of behavioural problems and mental health disorders, including anxiety, anger, depression and suicidal ideations, withdrawal, low self-esteem, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The purpose of the present pilot study was to test the efficacy of EAP in a cross-sectional group of children referred to a psychotherapist for various childhood behavioural and mental health issues over an 18-month period (June 2003-January 2005). Sixty-three children received a mean number of 19 EAP sessions. Scores on the Children\&$\#$39;s Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale were determined pre- and post-treatment. The mean (+/- standard deviation, SD) pretreatment score was 54.1 (SD 3.2) and post treatment mean score was 61.7 +/- 5.0 (t = 9.06, d.f. = 96, P \< 0.001). All children showed improvement in GAF scores, and there was a statistically significant correlation between the percentage improvement in the GAF scores and the number of sessions given (r = 0.73, P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the greatest improvement in the GAF scores occurred in the youngest of the subjects. Children in the group who had a history of physical abuse and neglect had a statistically significant greater percentage improvement in GAF scores after treatment than those who did not have a history of abuse and neglect. This study has demonstrated a quick response to EAP, especially in younger children, but it remains to be determined what kind of long-term effects this type of intervention may provide.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Animals, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Domestic Violence, Female, Horses, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy}, issn = {0966-0410}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2524.2006.00684.x}, author = {Schultz, Pamela N and Remick-Barlow, G Ann and Robbins, Leslie} } @article {3126, title = {Expanding the evidence base to drive more productive early childhood investment}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {14-16}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Shonkoff, Jack P. and Radner, James M. and Foote, Nathaniel} } @article {3411, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, author = {W. Sirkotte-Kriel and Yusuf Sayed and Y. Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and K. Foulds and J. Gaston and C. Garisch} } @article {712, title = {Early Childhood Programs in Two Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and Israel}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, volume = {108}, number = {43-46}, year = {2007}, author = {Bernard van Leer Foundation Program Staff} } @article {6140, title = {The Ethical and Public Health Implications of Family Separation}, journal = {The Journal of Law, Medicine \& Ethics}, volume = {47}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-06-2019}, pages = {91 - 94}, keywords = {family separation, immigrant children, immigration policy}, issn = {1073-1105}, doi = {10.1177/1073110519857327}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1073110519857327}, author = {Stange, Mia and Stark, Brett} } @article {5934, title = {Is early childhood relevant to peacebuilding?}, journal = {J Peacebuilding Develop}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, pages = {81-85}, abstract = {The general themes of early childhood and peacebuilding barely intersect, whether in scientific research, policy or practice. Yet recent studies emerging from different disciplines such as neurobiology, developmental psychology, family studies, intercultural contact and conflict resolution are beginning to point to the potential value of multifaceted approaches that can draw connections between early childhood and peace at various levels, such as family, community, or beyond, whether defined negatively as {\textquoteleft}absence of violence{\textquoteright} or positively as {\textquoteleft}a condition of security, justice and dignity within and between groups{\textquoteright}. Such a comprehensive perspective is promising, in terms both of developing a better understanding of the myriad factors involved and of achieving impactful interventions.

This briefing describes very briefly some of the background supporting the connection between early childhood and peace, and then presents the results of a poll of experts regarding various aspects of the relationship. It concludes by suggesting that future studies will profit by considering early childhood development (ECD) and peacebuilding together rather than separately.}, keywords = {early experience, early childhood intervention, violence reduction, peacebuilding, neurobiology and peace}, doi = {10.1080/15423166.2013.865493}, author = {Sunar, D. and K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. and Panter-Brick, C. and Pruett, K. and Reyes, M. and Hodges, W. and Zonderman, A. and Yazgan, Y., and G{\"o}ksel , A. and Sirali, Y.} } @article {405, title = {The efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy to reorganize attachment in the young offspring of mothers with major depressive disorder: a randomized preventive trial.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Dec}, pages = {1006-16}, abstract = {

The development of insecure attachment relationships in the offspring of mothers with major depressive disorder (MDD) may initiate a negative trajectory leading to future psychopathology. Therefore, the provision of theoretically guided interventions designed to promote secure attachment is of paramount importance. Mothers who had experienced MDD since their child\&$\#$39;s birth were recruited (n = 130) and randomized to toddler-parent psychotherapy (DI) or to a control group (DC). Nondepressed mothers with no current or history of major mental disorder and their toddlers also were recruited for a nondepressed comparison group (NC; n = 68). Children averaged 20.34 months of age at the initial assessment. Higher rates of insecure attachment were present in both the DI and the DC groups at baseline, relative to the NC group. At postintervention, at age 36 months, insecure attachment continued to predominate in the DC group. In contrast, the rate of secure attachment had increased substantially in the DI group and was higher than that for the DC and the NC groups. These results demonstrate the efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy in fostering secure attachment relationships in young children of depressed mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child of Impaired Parents, Child, Preschool, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major, Family Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Object Attachment, Psychological Theory, Psychotherapy, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1006}, author = {Toth, Sheree L and Rogosch, Fred A and Manly, Jody Todd and Cicchetti, Dante} } @book {556, title = {Early Childhood Programs as the Doorway to Social Cohesion: Application of Vygotsky{\textquoteright}s Ideas from an East-West Perspective}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, organization = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, address = {Newcastle upon Tyne}, url = {http://www.cambridgescholars.com/early-childhood-programs-as-the-doorway-to-social-cohesion-16}, author = {A. Tuna and J. Hayden} } @article {5783, title = { Early childhood education and peacebuilding in post-conflict Northern and Eastern Uganda}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {Achievements, challenges and lessons learned}, keywords = {Early childhood education, peacebuilding, peacebuilding advocacy, peacebuilding education, Uganda}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Early_Childhood_Education_and_Peacebuilding_in_Postconflict_Northern_and_Eastern_Uganda.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5676, title = {Early childhood development, a statistical snapshot: Building better brains and outcomes for children}, year = {2014}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/ECD_Brochure_FINAL_LR.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3171, title = {Evaluation of UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education, and Advocacy Programme (PBEA)}, year = {2015}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/evaluation-of-unicefs-peacebuilding-education-and-advocacy-programme-pbea}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5732, title = {Early moments matter for every child}, year = {2017}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, keywords = {early childhood development, neuroscience}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_100862.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3351, title = {Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations}, year = {2016}, month = {June 2016}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, url = {Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5782, title = {Early childhood development in emergencies. Integrated programme guide}, year = {2014}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {early childhood development, ECD in emergencies, violence exposure}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/Programme_Guide_ECDiE.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5781, title = {Early childhood development and family services: Baseline evaluation in 20 sites in Rwanda.}, year = {2014}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Kigali, Rwanda}, keywords = {child health, early childhood development, family services, responsive caregiving, Rwanda}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/ECD_and_F_Baseline_Evaluation_Rwanda.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6897, title = {Enhancing Access to Services for Migrants in the Context of COVID-19 Preparedness, Prevention, and Response and Beyond}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations Network on Migration}, keywords = {COVID-19, Displaced persons, migration, Refugees}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074054721930203X}, author = {UnitedNationsNetworkonMigration} } @article {7247, title = {Early Childhood Development: What happens in the first eight years}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Edith Cowan University}, address = {Australia}, keywords = {Early chiildhood development, Education and training}, url = {https://studyonline.ecu.edu.au/blog/early-childhood-development-what-happens-first-eight-years}, author = {Edith Cowan University} } @article {5301, title = {Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in northern Uganda}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {298}, number = {5}, year = {2007}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
Stover, Eric
Weinstein, Harvey M
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2007/08/02 09:00
JAMA. 2007 Aug 1;298(5):543-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.5.543.}, month = {Aug 1}, pages = {543-54}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Since the late 1980s, the Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army has waged war against the Ugandan People{\textquoteright}s Democratic Army and the people of northern Uganda. Ending the conflict and achieving peace have proven to be challenges. In this context, it is important to examine population-based data on exposure to war crimes to understand how survivors perceive mechanisms aimed at achieving a lasting peace. OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of exposure to war-related violence and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in northern Uganda and to determine how these variables are associated with respondents{\textquoteright} views about peace. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multistage, stratified, random cluster survey of 2585 adults aged 18 years or older conducted in villages and camps for internally displaced persons in 4 districts of northern Uganda in April and May 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates and patterns of exposure to trauma; symptom criteria for PTSD, assessed via the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version with a total severity score of 44; symptoms of depression, assessed via the Johns Hopkins Depression Symptom Checklist with a cutoff of 42; and opinions and attitudes about peace. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 1774 of 2389 (74.3\%) met PTSD symptom criteria and 1151 of 2585 (44.5\%) met depression symptom criteria. Four patterns of exposure to trauma were distinguished: those with low exposure (group 1; 21.4\%), witnesses to war-related violence (group 2; 17.8\%), those threatened with death and/or physically injured (group 3; 16.4\%), and those abducted (group 4; 44.3\%). Respondents in groups 3 and 4, who experienced the most traumatic exposures, were more likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with group 1 (group 3 vs group 1: odds ratio [OR], 7.04 [95\% confidence interval {CI}, 5.02-9.87]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 6.07 [95\% CI, 4.77-7.71]). Groups 3 and 4 were also more likely to meet depression symptom criteria (group 3 vs group 1: OR, 5.76 [95\% CI, 4.34-7.65]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 4.00 [95\% CI, 3.16-5.06]). Respondents who met the PTSD symptom criteria were more likely to identify violence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 1.31; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.65). Respondents who met the depression symptom criteria were less likely to identify nonviolence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 0.77; 95\% CI, 0.65-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found high prevalence rates for symptoms of PTSD and depression in a conflict zone. Respondents reporting symptoms of PTSD and depression were more likely to favor violent over nonviolent means to end the conflict.}, keywords = {*Attitude, *Warfare, Adult, Combat Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology, Depression/*epidemiology/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology/psychology, Survivors/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Uganda, War Crimes/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1538-3598 (Electronic)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Stover, E. and Weinstein, H. M.} } @article {737, title = {Eight years after - a follow-up study of mothers and children at psychosocial risk who received early treatment: does early intervention leave its mark?}, journal = {Child \& Family Social Work}, volume = {15}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-11-2010}, pages = {452 - 460}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2010.00696.x/abstract}, author = {Wadsby, Marie and Arvidsson, Elisabeth} } @article {5386, title = {Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognition and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {366}, number = {9499}, year = {2005}, note = {Walker, Susan P
Chang, Susan M
Powell, Christine A
Grantham-McGregor, Sally M
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2005/11/22 09:00
Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1804-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67574-5.}, month = {Nov 19}, pages = {1804-7}, abstract = {Growth retardation affects about a third of children younger than age 5 years in developing countries and is associated with poor development. Previously, we did a trial of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation in stunted children aged 9-24 months. Non-stunted children were also assessed. Both types of intervention improved development. We now present the effects of early interventions on cognition and education in 103 of the 129 stunted children and compare them with 64 of the 84 non-stunted children now aged 17-18 years. We recorded no significant effects of nutritional supplementation. Compared with no intervention, stimulation resulted in higher full scale IQ scores (coefficient 0.38, 95\% CI 0.06-0.71, p=0.02) and higher scores on the verbal subscale (0.37, 0.07-0.68, p=0.02), Peabody picture vocabulary test (7.84, 0.73-14.95, p=0.03), verbal analogies (0.26, 0.03-0.49, p=0.03), and reading tests (4.73, 1.31-8.14, p=0.007, and 2.7, 1.12-4.37, p=0.001). Overall, stunted non-stimulated participants had significantly poorer scores than the non-stunted group on 11 of 12 cognitive and educational tests. Stunting in early childhood is associated with cognitive and educational deficits in late adolescence, which are reduced by stimulation at a young age.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Cognition, *Nutritional Support, *Social Support, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Growth Disorders/*therapy, Humans, Infant, Intelligence Tests, Jamaica, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Chang, S. M. and Powell, C. A. and Grantham-McGregor, S. M.} } @article {5936, title = {Early childhood stimulation benefits adult competence and reduces violent behavior}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {127}, number = {5}, year = {2011}, note = {1098-4275
Walker, Susan P
Chang, Susan M
Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Pediatrics. 2011 May;127(5):849-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2231. Epub 2011 Apr 25.}, month = {May}, pages = {849-57}, edition = {2011/04/27}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An estimated 178 million children younger than 5 years in developing countries experience linear growth retardation and are unlikely to attain their developmental potential. We aimed to evaluate adult benefits from early childhood stimulation and/or nutritional supplementation in growth-retarded children. METHODS: In Kingston, Jamaica, 129 growth-retarded children aged 9 to 24 months took part in a 2-year trial of nutritional supplementation (1 kg milk-based formula per week) and/or psychosocial stimulation (weekly play sessions to improve mother-child interaction). We assessed IQ, educational attainment, and behavior at 22 years old in 105 participants. We used multivariate regressions, weighted to adjust for loss to follow-up, to determine treatment benefits. RESULTS: We found no significant benefits from supplementation. Participants who received stimulation reported less involvement in fights (odds ratio: 0.36 [95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-1.06]) and in serious violent behavior (odds ratio: 0.33 [95\% CI: 0.11-0.93]) than did participants with no stimulation. They also had higher adult IQ (coefficient: 6.3 [95\% CI: 2.2-10.4]), higher educational attainment (achievement, grade level attained, and secondary examinations), better general knowledge, and fewer symptoms of depression and social inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Early psychosocial intervention had wide-ranging benefits in adulthood that are likely to facilitate functioning in everyday life. The reductions in violent behavior are extremely important given the high levels of violence in many developing countries. The study provides critical evidence that early intervention can lead to gains in adult functioning.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Dietary Supplements, *Early Intervention (Education), Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis/*rehabilitation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Growth Disorders/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Humans, Infant, Jamaica, Male, Malnutrition/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Mental Competency, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Poverty, Regression Analysis, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Time Factors}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2010-2231}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Chang, S. M. and Vera-Hernandez, M. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {739, title = {Effectiveness of day treatment with proctor care for young children: A four-year follow-up}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {31}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-09-2003}, pages = {459 - 468}, issn = {0090-4392}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcop.10062/pdf}, author = {Whitemore, Erin and Ford, Monica and Sack, William H.} } @book {5964, title = {Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, isbn = {978-0-309-47683-6}, doi = {10.17226/25129}, url = {https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25129}, editor = {Wizemann, Theresa M.} } @article {407, title = {Evaluation of free to grow: head start partnerships to promote substance-free communities.}, journal = {Eval Rev}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Apr}, pages = {153-88}, abstract = {

Free to Grow: Head Start Partnerships to Promote Substance-free Communities (FTG) was a national initiative in which local Head Start (HS) agencies, in partnership with other community organizations, implemented a mix of evidence-based family-strengthening and community-strengthening strategies. The evaluation of FTG used a quasi-experimental design to compare 14 communities that participated in the FTG intervention with 14 matched comparison communities. Telephone surveys were conducted with two cohorts of the primary caregivers of children in HS at baseline and then annually for 2 years. The survey was also administered to repeated cross-sectional samples of primary caregivers of young children who were not enrolled in HS. No consistent evidence was found in changes in family functioning or neighborhood conditions when the 14 FTG sites were compared to 14 matched sites. However, caregivers of young children who were not in HS in three high-implementing FTG sites showed evidence of improvements in neighborhood organization, neighborhood norms against substance abuse, and child disciplinary practices. Results provide highly limited support for the concept that family and neighborhood conditions that are likely to affect child development and well-being can be changed through organized efforts implemented by local HS programs.

}, keywords = {Consumer Participation, Cooperative Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Early Intervention (Education), Ethnic Groups, Health Promotion, Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Marketing, Substance-Related Disorders, Time Factors}, issn = {1552-3926}, doi = {10.1177/0193841X11403989}, author = {Wolfson, Mark and Champion, Heather and Rogers, Todd and Neiberg, Rebecca H and Barker, Dianne C and Talton, Jennifer W and Ip, Edward H and D{\textquoteright}Agostino, Ralph B and Parries, Maria T and Easterling, Doug} } @article {5106, title = {The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Aber, J Lawrence
Beardslee, William R
eng
2R01 HD042144-07A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
2012/05/16 06:00
Am Psychol. 2012 May-Jun;67(4):272-84. doi: 10.1037/a0028015.}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {272-84}, abstract = {This article considers the implications for prevention science of recent advances in research on family poverty and children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health. First, we describe definitions of poverty and the conceptual and empirical challenges to estimating the causal effects of poverty on children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health. Second, we offer a conceptual framework that incorporates selection processes that affect who becomes poor as well as mechanisms through which poverty appears to influence child and youth mental health. Third, we use this conceptual framework to selectively review the growing literatures on the mechanisms through which family poverty influences the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children. We illustrate how a better understanding of the mechanisms of effect by which poverty impacts children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health is valuable in designing effective preventive interventions for those in poverty. Fourth, we describe strategies to directly reduce poverty and the implications of these strategies for prevention. This article is one of three in a special section (see also Biglan, Flay, Embry, \& Sandler, 2012; Munoz, Beardslee, \& Leykin, 2012) representing an elaboration on a theme for prevention science developed by the 2009 report of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Psychology, Child, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders/*prevention \& control, Mental Health/*economics, Poverty/prevention \& control/*psychology}, isbn = {1935-990X (Electronic)
0003-066X (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Aber, J. L. and Beardslee, W. R.} } @article {6586, title = {Effects of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions}, journal = {The Journal of Pediatrics}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-05-2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development, Parenting, policy}, issn = {00223476}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.020}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022347620306065}, author = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Wuermli, Alice J. and Britto, Pia Rebello and Dreyer, Benard and Leckman, James F. and Lye, Stephen J. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Richter, Linda M. and Stein, Alan} } @article {5121, title = {Experimental impacts of a teacher professional development program in Chile on preschool classroom quality and child outcomes}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Leyva, Diana
Snow, Catherine E
Trevino, Ernesto
Barata, M Clara
Weiland, Christina
Gomez, Celia J
Moreno, Lorenzo
Rolla, Andrea
D{\textquoteright}Sa, Nikhit
Arbour, Mary Catherine
eng
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/02/24 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2015 Mar;51(3):309-22. doi: 10.1037/a0038785.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {309-22}, abstract = {We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moderate to large positive impacts on observed emotional and instructional support as well as classroom organization in prekindergarten classrooms after 1 year of the program. After 2 years of the program, moderate positive impacts were observed on emotional support and classroom organization. No significant program impacts on child outcomes were detected at posttest (1 marginal effect, an increase in a composite of self-regulation and low problem behaviors, was observed). Professional development for preschool teachers in Chile can improve classroom quality. More intensive curricular approaches are needed for these improvements to translate into effects on children.}, keywords = {*Education, Continuing, *Faculty, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Chile, Education/standards, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Improvement, Schools, Nursery/*standards, Teaching/*methods/standards}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Leyva, D. and Snow, C. E. and Trevino, E. and Barata, M. C. and Weiland, C. and Gomez, C. J. and Moreno, L. and Rolla, A. and D{\textquoteright}Sa, N. and Arbour, M. C.} } @article {5939, title = {Effectiveness of a youth-led early childhood care and education programme in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, year = {2018}, note = {1932-6203
Yousafzai, Aisha K
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-8923
Rasheed, Muneera A
Rizvi, Arjumand
Shaheen, Fariha
Ponguta, Liliana A
Reyes, Chin R
Journal Article
United States
PLoS One. 2018 Dec 19;13(12):e0208335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208335. eCollection 2018.}, pages = {e0208335}, edition = {2018/12/20}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The United Nation{\textquoteright}s Sustainable Development Goals encompass lifelong learning from birth to youth to adulthood (Goal 4) and economic opportunities for young people (Goal 8). The targets include improving access to quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) as well as learning and training opportunities for adolescents and youth. Cross-generational models for young children and youth may offer opportunities to address the interconnections between goals and targets for the next generation. We investigated whether an ECCE programme for young children (3.5-6.5 years) delivered by female youth (18-24 years) in rural Pakistan would be effective on children{\textquoteright}s school readiness. METHODS: In partnership with the National Commission for Human Development in Pakistan, we implemented the {\textquoteright}Youth Leaders for Early Childhood Assuring Children are Prepared for School{\textquoteright} (LEAPS) programme to train female youth to deliver ECCE. The effectiveness of the LEAPS programme on children{\textquoteright}s school readiness was evaluated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial. We randomly allocated five clusters (villages) to receive the intervention (n = 170 children) and five clusters to control (n = 170 children). Children{\textquoteright}s school readiness was assessed after nine months of intervention exposure using the International Development and Early Learning Assessment tool. Analyses was by intention-to-treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02645162. FINDINGS: At endline, the intervention group had significantly higher school readiness scores (n = 166, mean percentage score 59.4, 95\% CI 52.7 to 66.2) compared with the control group (n = 168, mean percentage score 45.5, 95\% CI 38.8 to 52.3). The effect size (Cohen{\textquoteright}s d) was 0.3. CONCLUSION: Trained female youth delivered an ECCE programme that was effective in benefitting young children{\textquoteright}s school readiness. The cross-generational model is a promising approach to support early child development; however, further evaluation of the model is needed to assess the specific benefits to youth including their skills and economic development.}, isbn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0208335}, author = {Yousafzai, A. K. and Rasheed, M. A. and Rizvi, A. and Shaheen, F. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, C. R.} } @article {469, title = {Epigenetics and the environmental regulation of the genome and its function.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {61}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {439-66, C1-3}, abstract = {

There are numerous examples in psychology and other disciplines of the enduring effects of early experience on neural function. In this article, we review the emerging evidence for epigenetics as a candidate mechanism for these effects. Epigenetics refers to functionally relevant modifications to the genome that do not involve a change in nucleotide sequence. Such modifications include chemical marks that regulate the transcription of the genome. There is now evidence that environmental events can directly modify the epigenetic state of the genome. Thus studies with rodent models suggest that during both early development and in adult life, environmental signals can activate intracellular pathways that directly remodel the \"epigenome,\" leading to changes in gene expression and neural function. These studies define a biological basis for the interplay between environmental signals and the genome in the regulation of individual differences in behavior, cognition, and physiology.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Environment, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genome, Genomic Imprinting, Humans, Maternal Behavior}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163625}, author = {Zhang, Tie-Yuan and Meaney, Michael J} }