@article {5778, title = {Cities Welcoming Refugees \& Migrants: Enhancing effective urban governance in an age of migration}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNESCO}, address = {Paris, France}, keywords = {refugees and migrants, urban governance}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002465/246558e.pdf}, author = {UNESCO} } @article {6009, title = {Children and Media Tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics}, year = {2018}, keywords = {children and media, screen time}, url = {https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/news-features-and-safety-tips/Pages/Children-and-Media-Tips.aspx}, author = {AmericanAcademyPediatrics} } @article {237, title = {A cost-effectiveness evaluation of a home visit program for adolescent mothers.}, journal = {J Health Psychol}, volume = {14}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Oct}, pages = {878-87}, abstract = {

A home visit intervention program for adolescents throughout their pregnancy and during the early stages of motherhood was evaluated. The participants (N = 90) were part of a larger group of adolescents treated in two health centers in a poor neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. The program was carried out by volunteer community health monitors and evaluated through an experimental, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness was examined in comparison with standard health care. Results show higher scores for the intervention group on the mothers\&$\#$39; mental health and nutritional state, as well as on the children\&$\#$39;s levels of linguistic development.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Chile, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, House Calls, Humans, Male, Mothers, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Young Adult}, issn = {1461-7277}, doi = {10.1177/1359105309340988}, author = {Aracena, Marcela and Krause, Mariane and P{\'e}rez, Carola and M{\'e}ndez, Mar{\'\i}a Jes{\'u}s and Salvatierra, Loreto and Soto, Mauricio and Pantoja, Tom{\'a}s and Navarro, Sandra and Salinas, Alejandra and Farah, Claudio and Altimir, Carolina} } @book {483, title = {Culture and Conflict Resolution}, year = {1998}, publisher = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, organization = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, isbn = {9781878379825}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Culture_Conflict_Resolution.html?id=OofmUheyGJAC}, author = {Avruch, K.} } @article {636, title = {THE CULTURE QUESTION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION}, journal = {Peace \& Change}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, month = {Jan-01-1991}, pages = {22 - 45}, issn = {01490508}, doi = {10.1111/pech.1991.16.issue-110.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00563.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pech.1991.16.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00563.x}, author = {Avruch, Kevin and Black, Peter W.} } @article {241, title = {Cortical sources of EEG rhythms are abnormal in down syndrome.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {121}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {1205-12}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have been inconclusive whether dominant resting state alpha rhythms are greater or lower in amplitude in subjects with Down syndrome (DS) when compared to control subjects, ample resting alpha rhythms being considered as a reflection of good mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization. Here we tested the hypothesis that when the effects of head volume conduction are taken into account by the normalization of the cortical sources of resting alpha rhythms, these sources are lower in amplitude in DS subjects than in controls in line with typical findings in Alzheimer\&$\#$39;s disease patients.

METHODS: Eyes-closed resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded in 45 DS subjects (25 males; mean age of 22.8years+/-0.7 standard error of mean (SEM)) and in 45 age-matched cognitively normal subjects (25 males; mean age of 22.4years+/-0.5 SEM). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), beta 2 (20-30Hz), and gamma (30-40Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and normalized across all voxels and frequencies.

RESULTS: Central, parietal, occipital, and temporal cortical sources of resting alpha and beta rhythms were lower in amplitude in the DS than control subjects, whereas the opposite was true for occipital delta cortical sources. A control analysis on absolute source values showed that they were globally larger in amplitude across several frequency bands in DS than control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that normalized cortical sources of alpha rhythms are lower in amplitude in DS than control subjects, as it is typically found in Alzheimer\&$\#$39;s disease.

SIGNIFICANCE: DS is accompanied by a functional impairment of cortical neuronal synchronization mechanisms in the resting state condition.

}, keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Down Syndrome, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Selection, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted}, issn = {1872-8952}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.155}, author = {Babiloni, Claudio and Albertini, Giorgio and Onorati, Paolo and Muratori, Chiara and Buffo, Paola and Condoluci, Claudia and Sar{\`a}, Marco and Pistoia, Francesca and Vecchio, Fabrizio and Rossini, Paolo M} } @article {253, title = {Connectedness in the lives of children and adolescents: a call for greater conceptual clarity.}, journal = {J Adolesc Health}, volume = {43}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Sep}, pages = {209-16}, abstract = {

Studies of the role of connectedness in the health and development of children and adolescents are accumulating rapidly. Although findings are uniformly consistent in documenting its correlation with a host of health indicators, the construct is in need of substantial conceptual clarification to maximize its research and applied utility. Current conceptualizations and operationalizations inconsistently span a wide spectrum of varied elements of social experience--including the quality of a relationship, the degree of liking an environment or relationship, the quality of performance in an environment or relationship, the possession of feelings or attitude states, and a combination of states and the behaviors that antecede them--resulting in an ability to adequately understand what the construct is and how, why, and when it is most protective. This paper documents this variability in an effort to sensitize researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to the complexity of the construct. It further describes one ongoing, multicultural research project that is currently informing international health initiatives as an illustration of one approach to addressing the complexity with goals of precision, parsimony, cultural sensitivity, and applied utility.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male}, issn = {1879-1972}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.012}, author = {Barber, Brian K and Schluterman, Julie Mikles} } @article {255, title = {Children{\textquoteright}s physiological and emotional reactions to witnessing bullying predict bystander intervention.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan-Feb}, pages = {375-90}, abstract = {

Study goals were to explore whether children clustered into groups based on reactions to witnessing bullying and to examine whether these reactions predicted bullying intervention. Seventy-nine children (M = 10.80 years) watched bullying videos in the laboratory while their heart rate (HR) was measured, and they self-reported on negative emotion after each video. Bullying intervention was assessed by school peers. Two groups emerged based on reactions to the bullying videos: The Emotional group (43\% of children) displayed HR acceleration and reported high negative emotion, whereas the Unemotional group (57\% of children) showed HR deceleration and reported low negative emotion. Group membership predicted bullying intervention, with peers reporting that Emotional children were more likely to stop a bully than Unemotional children.

}, keywords = {Bullying, Child, Child Behavior, Crime Victims, Emotions, Empathy, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Peer Group, Schools, Self Report}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01839.x}, author = {Barhight, Lydia R and Hubbard, Julie A and Hyde, Christopher T} } @article {695, title = {Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers: Current Theoretical Issues in Ecology and Social Organization}, journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology}, volume = {12}, year = {1983}, month = {Jan-10-1983}, pages = {193 - 214}, issn = {0084-6570}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001205}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001205}, author = {Barnard, A} } @article {5601, title = {Contributions of nonmaternal caregivers to infant feeding in a low-income African-American sample}, journal = {Maternal \& Child Nutrition}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-04-2020}, pages = {e12610}, doi = {10.1111/mcn.12610}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mcn.12610http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/mcn.12610/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fmcn.12610}, author = {Barrett, K. J. and Wasser, H. M. and Thompson, A. L. and Bentley, M. E.} } @article {5969, title = {Children, Wired: For Better and for Worse}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {67}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-09-2010}, pages = {692 - 701}, issn = {08966273}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035}, author = {Bavelier, Daphne and Green, C. Shawn and Dye, Matthew W.G.} } @article {5021, title = {Converging on child mental health - toward shared global action for child development}, journal = {Glob Ment Health (Camb)}, volume = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {Belkin, G
Wissow, L
Lund, C
Aber, L
Bhutta, Z
Black, M
Kieling, C
McGregor, S
Rahman, A
Servili, C
Walker, S
Yoshikawa, H
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
England
2017/12/13 06:00
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2017 Oct 19;4:e20. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2017.13. eCollection 2017.}, pages = {e20}, abstract = {We are a group of researchers and clinicians with collective experience in child survival, nutrition, cognitive and social development, and treatment of common mental conditions. We join together to welcome an expanded definition of child development to guide global approaches to child health and overall social development. We call for resolve to integrate maternal and child mental health with child health, nutrition, and development services and policies, and see this as fundamental to the health and sustainable development of societies. We suggest specific steps toward achieving this objective, with associated global organizational and resource commitments. In particular, we call for a Global Planning Summit to establish a much needed Global Alliance for Child Development and Mental Health in all Policies.}, keywords = {Child Development, child mental health, Global Action, governance, Mental Health, prevention, Promotion, Public Health approach, Quality Improvement, Social Determinants of health, Social Emotional Development, systems-thinking, Task-shifting}, isbn = {2054-4251 (Print)
2054-4251 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1017/gmh.2017.13}, author = {Belkin, G. and Wissow, L. and Lund, C. and Aber, L. and Bhutta, Z. and Black, M. and Kieling, C. and McGregor, S. and Rahman, A. and Servili, C. and Walker, S. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {265, title = {Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: and evolutionary theory of socialization.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {62}, year = {1991}, pages = {647-70}, abstract = {

The concept of \"reproductive strategy\" drawn from the field of behavioral ecology is applied to the study of childhood experience and interpersonal development in order to develop an evolutionary theory of socialization. The theory is presented in terms of 2 divergent development pathways considered to promote reproductive success in the contexts in which they have arisen. One is characterized, in childhood, by a stressful rearing environment and the development of insecure attachments to parents and subsequent behavior problems; in adolescence by early pubertal development and precocious sexuality; and, in adulthood, by unstable pair bonds and limited investment in child rearing, whereas the other is characterized by the opposite. The relation between this theory and prevailing theories of socialization, specifically, attachment, social-learning, and discrete-emotions theory, is considered and research consistent with our evolutionary theory is reviewed. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Reproduction, Sociology}, issn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x}, author = {Belsky, J and Steinberg, L and Draper, P} } @article {4851, title = {Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, year = {2014}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01HD073349-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2013/10/10 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;55(3):217-26. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12131. Epub 2013 Sep 14.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {217-26}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics - social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth - in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. METHODS: A total of 243 former child soldiers (30\% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. RESULTS: Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths{\textquoteright} externalizing and internalizing scores - indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p < .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals.}, keywords = {*Social Environment, *Social Stigma, *Warfare, Adolescent, Adult, child soldiers, Combat Disorders/complications, externalizing, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, internalizing, Male, Mental Disorders/etiology/*psychology, Mental Health, Military Personnel/psychology, Post-conflict, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone, Social ecology, War, Young Adult}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4706, title = {Comparing Trauma Exposure, Mental Health Needs, and Service Utilization Across Clinical Samples of Refugee, Immigrant, and U.S.-Origin Children}, journal = {J Trauma Stress}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Birman, Dina
Lee, Robert
Ellis, B Heidi
Layne, Christopher M
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
2017/06/07 06:00
J Trauma Stress. 2017 Jun;30(3):209-218. doi: 10.1002/jts.22186. Epub 2017 Jun 6.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {209-218}, abstract = {Most mental health services for trauma-exposed children and adolescents were not originally developed for refugees. Information is needed to help clinicians design services to address the consequences of trauma in refugee populations. We compared trauma exposure, psychological distress, and mental health service utilization among children and adolescents of refugee-origin, immigrant-origin, and U.S.-origin referred for assessment and treatment by U.S. providers in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). We used propensity score matching to compare trauma profiles, mental health needs, and service use across three groups. Our sample comprised refugee-origin youth (n = 60, 48.3\% female, mean age = 13.07 years) and propensity-matched samples of immigrant-origin youth (n = 143, 60.8\% female, mean age = 13.26 years), and U.S.-origin youth (n = 140, 56.1\% female, mean age = 12.11 years). On average, there were significantly more types of trauma exposure among refugee youth than either U.S.-origin youth (p < .001) or immigrant youth (p 0894-9867 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and Birman, D. and Lee, R. and Ellis, B. H. and Layne, C. M.} } @article {4681, title = {Commentary: Advancing an implementation science agenda on mental health and psychosocial responses in war-affected settings: comment on trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis - by Panter-Brick et al. (2018)}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, year = {2018}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Fazel, Mina
eng
England
2018/04/19 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 May;59(5):542-544. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12870.}, month = {May}, pages = {542-544}, abstract = {Syria{\textquoteright}s civil conflict has created the largest humanitarian disaster of our time, causing massive population displacement, tremendous exposure to trauma, and loss. Advancing the mental health and psychosocial responses of war-affected populations both during acute humanitarian emergencies and in post-conflict transition is imperative in forging a constructive implementation agenda. This study makes an important contribution in building evidence toward effective interventions to advance the mental health and well-being of those affected by the Syrian crisis. Using an innovative approach, this work demonstrates that a thoughtful, ethical, and scientifically valid trial can be carried out in the midst of mass displacement. Further research is urgently needed on the effectiveness of interventions for vulnerable populations, with a growing need to embed studies of evidence-based mental health interventions within humanitarian responses.}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Fazel, M.} } @article {4746, title = {Correction: Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {11}, number = {9}, year = {2016}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Smith Fawzi, Mary C
Stevenson, Anne
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Kirk, Catherine
Ng, Lauren
Mushashi, Christina
Bizimana, Justin
Beardslee, William
Raviola, Giuseppe
Smith, Stephanie
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
Binagwaho, Agnes
eng
Published Erratum
2016/09/16 06:00
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 15;11(9):e0163384. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163384. eCollection 2016.}, pages = {e0163384}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157042.].}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Smith Fawzi, M. C. and Stevenson, A. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Kirk, C. and Ng, L. and Mushashi, C. and Bizimana, J. and Beardslee, W. and Raviola, G. and Smith, S. and Kayiteshonga, Y. and Binagwaho, A.} } @article {5001, title = {Child soldiers: reintegration, pathways to recovery, and reflections from the field}, journal = {J Dev Behav Pediatr}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
eng
2008/04/15 09:00
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2008 Apr;29(2):138-41. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31816be946.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {138-41}, keywords = {*Relief Work, *Warfare, Child, Child Abuse/*rehabilitation, Crime/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Sierra Leone, Uganda}, isbn = {0196-206X (Print)
0196-206X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {275, title = {Childhood adversity and DNA methylation of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system: whole-genome and candidate-gene associations.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Nov}, pages = {1417-25}, abstract = {

In recent years, translational research involving humans and animals has uncovered biological and physiological pathways that explain associations between early adverse circumstances and long-term mental and physical health outcomes. In this article, we summarize the human and animal literature demonstrating that epigenetic alterations in key biological systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system, may underlie such disparities. We review evidence suggesting that changes in DNA methylation profiles of the genome may be responsible for the alterations in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system trajectories. Using some preliminary data, we demonstrate how explorations of genome-wide and candidate-gene DNA methylation profiles may inform hypotheses and guide future research efforts in these areas. We conclude our article by discussing the many important future directions, merging perspectives from developmental psychology, molecular genetics, neuroendocrinology, and immunology, that are essential for furthering our understanding of how early adverse circumstances may shape developmental trajectories, particularly in the areas of stress reactivity and physical or mental health.

}, keywords = {Animals, Child, Child Abuse, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Association Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579412000806}, author = {Bick, Johanna and Naumova, Oksana and Hunter, Scott and Barbot, Baptiste and Lee, Maria and Luthar, Suniya S and Raefski, Adam and Grigorenko, Elena L} } @article {276, title = {The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May-Jun}, pages = {257-71}, abstract = {

The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council \& Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if they are unrelated and each stems from different conditions. This article proposes a framework that could accelerate progress in preventing these problems. Environments that foster successful development and prevent the development of psychological and behavioral problems are usefully characterized as nurturing environments. First, these environments minimize biologically and psychologically toxic events. Second, they teach, promote, and richly reinforce prosocial behavior, including self-regulatory behaviors and all of the skills needed to become productive adult members of society. Third, they monitor and limit opportunities for problem behavior. Fourth, they foster psychological flexibility-the ability to be mindful of one\&$\#$39;s thoughts and feelings and to act in the service of one\&$\#$39;s values even when one\&$\#$39;s thoughts and feelings discourage taking valued action. We review evidence to support this synthesis and describe the kind of public health movement that could increase the prevalence of nurturing environments and thereby contribute to the prevention of most mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. This article is one of three in a special section (see also Mu\ñoz Beardslee, \& Leykin, 2012; Yoshikawa, Aber, \& Beardslee, 2012) representing an elaboration on a theme for prevention science developed by the 2009 report of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Environment, Human Development, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Public Health, Social Behavior, Social Environment}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0026796}, author = {Biglan, Anthony and Flay, Brian R and Embry, Dennis D and Sandler, Irwin N} } @article {278, title = {Child development in the context of adversity: experiential canalization of brain and behavior.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May-Jun}, pages = {309-18}, abstract = {

The authors examine the effects of poverty-related adversity on child development, drawing upon psychobiological principles of experiential canalization and the biological embedding of experience. They integrate findings from research on stress physiology, neurocognitive function, and self-regulation to consider adaptive processes in response to adversity as an aspect of children\&$\#$39;s development. Recent research on early caregiving is paired with research in prevention science to provide a reorientation of thinking about the ways in which psychosocial and economic adversity are related to continuity in human development.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Brain, Child, Child Development, Humans, Infant, Models, Psychological, Poverty, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0027493}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Raver, C Cybele} } @article {277, title = {Cumulative effects of early poverty on cortisol in young children: moderation by autonomic nervous system activity.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {38}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {2666-75}, abstract = {

The relation of the cumulative experience of poverty in infancy and early childhood to child cortisol at age 48 months was examined in a prospective longitudinal sample of children and families (N=1292) in predominantly low-income and rural communities in two distinct regions of the United States. Families were seen in the home for data collection and cumulative experience of poverty was indexed by parent reported income-to-need ratio and household chaos measures collected between child ages 2 months and 48 months. For the analysis presented here, three saliva samples were also collected over an approximate 90 min interval at child age 48 months and were assayed for cortisol. ECG data were also collected during a resting period and during the administration of a mildly challenging battery of cognitive tasks. Mixed model analysis indicated that child cortisol at 48 months decreased significantly over the sampling time period and that cumulative time in poverty (number of years income-to-need less than or equal to 1) and cumulative household chaos were significantly related to a flatter trajectory for cortisol change and to an overall higher level of cortisol, respectively. Findings also indicated that respiratory sinus arrhythmia derived from the ECG data moderated the association between household chaos and child cortisol and that increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia during the cognitive task was associated with an overall lower level of cortisol at 48 months.

}, keywords = {alpha-Amylases, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Child, Preschool, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Poverty, Rural Population, Saliva}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.025}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Berry, Daniel and Mills-Koonce, Roger and Granger, Douglas} } @article {6127, title = {Conditions and Consequences of Unequal Educational Opportunities in the Life Course: Results from the Cross-National Comparative eduLIFE Project}, journal = {KZfSS K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {71}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-06-2019}, pages = {399 - 428}, issn = {0023-2653}, doi = {10.1007/s11577-019-00595-w}, url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/2258226571?accountid=15172}, author = {Blossfeld, Hans-Peter and Kulic, Nevena and Skopek, Jan and Triventi, Moris and Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina and Vono de Vilhena, Daniela and Buchholz, Sandra} } @article {168, title = {Child development in developing countries: introduction and methods.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {16-31}, abstract = {

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a nationally representative, internationally comparable household survey implemented to examine protective and risk factors of child development in developing countries around the world. This introduction describes the conceptual framework, nature of the MICS3, and general analytic plan of articles in this Special Section. The articles that follow describe the situations of children with successive foci on nutrition, parenting, discipline and violence, and the home environment. They address 2 common questions: How do developing and underresearched countries in the world vary with respect to these central indicators of children\&$\#$39;s development? How do key indicators of national development relate to child development in each of these substantive areas? The Special Section concludes with policy implications from the international findings.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Humans, Infant, Internationality, Nutrition Assessment, Parenting, Public Policy, Research, Social Environment, Socialization, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01671.x}, author = {Bornstein, M. H. and Britto, P. R. and Nonoyama-Tarumi, Y. and Ota, Y. and Petrovic, O. and Putnick, D. L.} } @article {282, title = {Cognitive and socioemotional caregiving in developing countries.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {46-61}, abstract = {

Enriching caregiving practices foster the course and outcome of child development. This study examined 2 developmentally significant domains of positive caregiving-cognitive and socioemotional-in more than 127,000 families with under-5 year children from 28 developing countries. Mothers varied widely in cognitive and socioemotional caregiving and engaged in more socioemotional than cognitive activities. More than half of mothers played with their children and took them outside, but only a third or fewer read books and told stories to their children. The GDP of countries related to caregiving after controlling for life expectancy and education. The majority of mothers report that they do not leave their under-5s alone. Policy and intervention recommendations are elaborated.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Data Collection, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Emotions, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Male, Middle Aged, Mothers, Parenting, Questionnaires, Socialization, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01673.x}, author = {Bornstein, M. H. and Putnick, D. L.} } @article {651, title = {Caring for children around the world: A view from HOME}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {November 1, 2005}, pages = {468-478}, abstract = {

This review examines cultural and socioeconomic variations in parenting as represented by the original and adapted versions of the HOME Inventory. There was specific focus on three aspects of the family environment where cultural models of parenting and access to resources are thought to be operative and for which there is evidence of impact on child well-being: parental responsiveness, discipline practices, and exposure to stimulating materials and experiences. Findings revealed meaningful impacts of culture and SES in all three areas. Not only did mean differences emerge across countries but different alliances between indicators, presumably representing the same parenting construct, also emerged. The review also revealed a tendency for researchers to modify the HOME consistent with local beliefs and practices concerning what children need, what families need, and the role of parents in fostering particular aspects of development. Despite differences in cultural models of parenting around the world, the studies showed rather consistent relations between exposure to stimulation and parental responsiveness and children\&$\#$39;s adaptive functioning. Associations with physical punishment were somewhat less clear.

}, doi = {10.1177/01650250500146925}, author = {Bradley, Robert H. and Corwyn, Robert F.} } @inbook {5671, title = {Creating effective programs and policies to reduce violence and promote peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {361 - 384}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {The focus of this chapter is on the social and biological underpinnings of child development and its contexts to create effective programs and policies that will reduce violence and promote peace. It addresses a range of issues emanating from fields of education, media, religion, psychology, and cultural studies. The emergent themes address interconnected pathways and multilayered perpsectives, across a range of disciplines, that form a link between formative childhood and peace, including strengthening families and building resilient communities. The primary theme underscores that the well-being of children is fundamental to peace. However, knowledge of the association between early childhood and peace needs to be expanded. While much is known about promoting peace, evidence is lacking on whether formative childhoods constitute a potential path to peace. Further research, coordination, and partnerships are needed between disciplines and sectors engaged in peacebuilding and early development. In addition, a perspective on human securities, rights, and capacities is needed to support this work{\textemdash}one that encourages individual capabilities, cultural and community assets, and an emancipatory vision and inclusive practices.}, keywords = {childhood education, peacebuilding, resilience}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0019}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Britto, Pia R. and Salah, Rima and Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Bhabha, Jacqueline and Chowdhury, Anwarul K. and Gunderson, Gary R. and Kagitcibasi, Cigdem and Nusseibeh, Lucy and Omigbodun, Olayinka and Otani, Mikiko and Smyth, Geraldine}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {293, title = {Child development in developing countries: child rights and policy implications.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {92-103}, abstract = {

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used to provide information on feeding practices, caregiving, discipline and violence, and the home environment for young children across 28 countries. The findings from the series of studies in this Special Section are the first of their kind because they provide information on the most proximal context for development of the youngest children in the majority world using one of the only data sets to study these contexts across countries. Using the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular the Rights to Survival, Development and Protection, findings are explained with implications for international and national-level social policies. Implications are also discussed, with respect to policy makers and the larger international community, who have the obligation to uphold these rights.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Child Advocacy, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Education, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, International Cooperation, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Public Policy, Punishment, Social Environment, Social Values}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01672.x}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Ulkuer, N.} } @article {701, title = {Child development in the multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS): Child rights and policy implications}, journal = {Child Development}, year = {2012}, author = {P. R. Britto and N. Ulkuer} } @article {6266, title = {Child online safety: Minimizing the risk of violence, abuse and exploitation online. October 2019 report}, year = {2019}, institution = {Broadband Commission}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child trafficking, Internet, physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://broadbandcommission.org/workinggroups/Pages/WG1-2018.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0g9UjOGWDZd-ykPQSzEXMyKkLhn_8-D6V_JX7m9Nt2vvk_l2hreBJULzg}, author = {BroadbandCommission} } @article {697, title = {Conflict resolution and children{\textquoteright}s behaviour: observing and understanding social and cooperative play in early years educational settings}, journal = {Early Years}, volume = {29}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-07-2009}, pages = {105 - 118}, issn = {0957-5146}, doi = {10.1080/09575140902864446}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09575140902864446}, author = {Broadhead, Pat} } @article {377, title = {A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {16}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Sep}, pages = {243-58}, abstract = {

This investigation tested the incremental utility of cognitive retraining as a component within a program designed to prevent child maltreatment. High-risk families (N = 96) were randomly assigned to a control condition, home visitation modeled after the Healthy Start program (unenhanced home visitation), or home visitation that included a cognitive component (enhanced home visitation). Mothers were identified late during pregnancy or soon after birth, and their participation continued for 1 year. Lower levels of harsh parenting were found among mothers in the enhanced home visitation condition than among those in the unenhanced home visitation or control conditions. Prevalence of physical abuse (percentage of mothers who were abusive) during the first year was 26\% in the control condition, 23\% in the unenhanced home visitation condition, and 4\% in the enhanced home visitation condition. Benefits were greatest in families that included a medically at-risk child. A linear pattern of benefits was found for child health; as program features were added, benefits for child health increased.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Cognition, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Preventive Health Services}, issn = {0893-3200}, author = {Bugental, Daphne Blunt and Ellerson, Patricia Crane and Lin, Eta K and Rainey, Bonnie and Kokotovic, Anna and O{\textquoteright}Hara, Nathan} } @book {500, title = {Conflict: Practices in Management, Settlement, and Resolution}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Macmillan}, organization = {Macmillan}, isbn = {9780333521502}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=gGJZngEACAAJ}, author = {Burton, J.W. and Dukes, F.} } @book {501, title = {Conflict: Readings in Management and Resolution}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Macmillan}, organization = {Macmillan}, isbn = {9780333521458}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=fajXPwAACAAJ}, author = {Burton, J.W. and Dukes, F.} } @article {306, title = {Changing children{\textquoteright}s intergroup attitudes toward refugees: testing different models of extended contact.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {77}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Sep-Oct}, pages = {1208-19}, abstract = {

The present research evaluated an intervention, derived from the \"extended contact hypothesis,\" which aimed to change children\&$\#$39;s intergroup attitudes toward refugees. The study (n=253) tested 3 models of extended contact among 5- to 11-year-old children: dual identity, common ingroup identity, and decategorization. Children read friendship stories based upon these models featuring in- and outgroup members. Outgroup attitudes were significantly more positive in the extended contact conditions, compared with the control, and this was mediated by \"inclusion of other in self.\" The dual identity intervention was the most effective extended contact model at improving outgroup attitudes. The effect of condition on outgroup intended behavior was moderated by subgroup identity. Implications for theoretically based prejudice-reduction interventions among children are discussed.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Prejudice, Refugees, Social Identification}, issn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00929.x}, author = {Cameron, Lindsey and Rutland, Adam and Brown, Rupert and Douch, Rebecca} } @book {504, title = {Constructing Patriotism: Teaching History and Memories in Global Worlds}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Information Age Pub.}, organization = {Information Age Pub.}, isbn = {9781617353406}, url = {http://www.infoagepub.com/products/Constructing-Patriotism}, author = {Carretero, M.} } @article {318, title = {Consequences of early experiences and exposure to oxytocin and vasopressin are sexually dimorphic.}, journal = {Dev Neurosci}, volume = {31}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {332-41}, abstract = {

In the socially monogamous prairie vole, we have observed that small changes in early handling, as well as early hormonal manipulations can have long-lasting and sexually dimorphic effects on behavior. These changes may be mediated in part by changes in parental interactions with their young, acting on systems that rely on oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Knowledge of both endogenous and exogenous influences on systems that rely on OT and AVP may be helpful in understanding sexually dimorphic developmental disorders, such as autism, that are characterized by increased anxiety and deficits in social behavior.

}, keywords = {Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Humans, Oxytocin, Peptides, Receptors, Vasopressin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior}, issn = {1421-9859}, doi = {10.1159/000216544}, author = {Carter, C. S. and Boone, E. M. and Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H. and Bales, K. L.} } @article {315, title = {The chemistry of child neglect: do oxytocin and vasopressin mediate the effects of early experience?}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {102}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Dec 20}, pages = {18247-8}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Orphanages, Oxytocin, Psychosocial Deprivation, Time Factors, Vasopressins}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0509376102}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @article {6505, title = {Coronavirus (COVID-19)}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html}, author = {CDC} } @inbook {573, title = {The Changing State of Global Poverty}, booktitle = {Child Poverty and Inequality: New Perspectives}, year = {2011}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {UNICEF}, organization = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781105531750}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/index_62108.html}, author = {Chandy, L., and G. Gertz}, editor = {Ortiz, I. and Daniels, L.M. and Engilbertsdottir, S.} } @book {7110, title = {Creating The Culture of Peace: A clarion call for individual and collective transformation}, year = {2020}, pages = {272}, publisher = {British-American publishing company I.B. Tauris}, organization = {British-American publishing company I.B. Tauris}, edition = {1st}, address = {London, England}, keywords = {Culture of Peace, peace promotion, violence prevention}, isbn = {9781786725707}, url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/creating-the-culture-of-peace-9781786725707/}, author = {Chowdhury, A. and Ikeda, D.} } @inbook {5735, title = {The Culture of Peace }, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {xiii-xx}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {Foreword}, abstract = {Here, I wish to put forth a different perspective: The task of uniting the strengths and capabilities of billions of individuals, so as to ensure long-term peace and security in our world, is very much underway. Focusing on that which binds us together as human beings, a culture{\textemdash}a set of values, attitudes, traditions and modes of behavior and ways of life{\textemdash}is being created to support the eventual realization of these goals. For this to be successful, however, each individual must be empowered to act according to fundamental principles. These principles must be evident in our actions (both individual and societal), and they must form the very basis upon which policies are formulated at local, regional, national, and international levels. By immersing ourselves in a culture that supports and promotes peace, individual efforts will, over time, unite to enable sustainable peace and security to emerge.}, keywords = {The Culture of Peace}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.001.0001}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Chowdhury, A. K.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {332, title = {Contributions of psychology to war and peace.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {68}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct}, pages = {502-13}, abstract = {

The contributions of American psychologists to war have been substantial and responsive to changes in U.S. national security threats and interests for nearly 100 years. These contributions are identified and discussed for four periods of armed conflict: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the Global War on Terror. In contrast, about 50 years ago, largely in reaction to the threat of nuclear war, some psychologists in the United States and around the world broke with the tradition of supporting war and began focusing their scholarship and activism on the prevention of war and promotion of peace. Today, peace psychology is a vibrant area of psychology, with theory and practice aimed at understanding, preventing, and mitigating both episodes of organized violence and the pernicious worldwide problem of structural violence. The growth, scope, and content of peace psychology are reviewed along with contributions to policies that promote peace, social justice, and human well-being.

}, keywords = {History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Psychology, Terrorism, Violence, War, World War I, World War II}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0032875}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Montiel, C. J.} } @book {510, title = {Changed Lives: The Effects of the Perry Preschool Program on Youths Through Age 19}, year = {1984}, pages = {224}, publisher = {High/Scope Foundation}, organization = {High/Scope Foundation}, abstract = {

This study is the eighth in a series of reports of longitudinal research on the long-term effects of participation versus nonparticipation in a program of high quality early childhood education, on 123 black youths from families of low socioeconomic status, who were at risk of failing in school. The study finds that young people up to 19 years of age who attended the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation\&$\#$39;s Perry Preschool Program (PPP) in the early 1960s continue to outperform peers who did not attend preschool. The PPP provided an organized educational experience directed at the intellectual and social development of young children who participated, in most cases, for 2 years when they were 3 and 4 years of age. Fifty-eight children were assigned to the preschool group called the experimental group and 65 children were assigned to the no-preschool group called the control group. The Perry Preschool study addressed the issue of whether high quality early childhood education would improve the lives of low-income children and their families, and the quality of life of the community as a whole. Sections of the report concern: (1) the background and context of the Perry Preschool Study; (2) preschool\&$\#$39;s effects on school success, early socioeconomic success, and social responsibility; (3) review and interpretation of study outcomes over time; (4) preschool\&$\#$39;s long-term impact; (5) the lessons of early childhood research; and (6) nine case studies of children growing up in Ypsilanti, Michigan. An appendix provides information about supplementary analyses of the data. Three commentaries on the study are included. (RH)

}, isbn = {9780931114281}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=UyGfAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Clement, J.R.B.} } @article {339, title = {Childhood socioeconomic status and adult health.}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1186}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Feb}, pages = {37-55}, abstract = {

Socioeconomic status (SES) exposures during childhood are powerful predictors of adult cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and mortality due to a range of specific causes. However, we still know little about when childhood SES exposures matter most, how long they need to last, what behavioral, psychological, or physiological pathways link the childhood SES experience to adult health, and which specific adult health outcomes are vulnerable to childhood SES exposures. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between childhood and adolescent SES and adult health, and explore different environmental, behavioral, and physiological pathways that might explain how early SES would influence adult health. We also address the ages when SES exposures matter most for setting adult health trajectories as well as the role of exposure duration in SES influences on later health. While early childhood exposures seem to be potent predictors of a range of health outcomes, we emphasize that later childhood and adolescent exposures are risks for other health outcomes.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Health Behavior, Health Status, Humans, Risk Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1749-6632}, doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05334.x}, author = {Cohen, Sheldon and Janicki-Deverts, Denise and Chen, Edith and Matthews, Karen A} } @article {331, title = {Contributions of positive psychology to peace: toward global well-being and resilience.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {68}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct}, pages = {590-600}, abstract = {

In this article, we analyze the relationship between positive psychology and peace psychology. We discuss how positive emotions, engagement, meaning, personal well-being, and resilience may impact peace at different levels, ranging from the personal and interpersonal to community, national, and global peace. First, we argue that an individual\&$\#$39;s positive experiences, personal well-being, and personal resilience, as defined in current positive psychology, may in fact contribute to personal and interpersonal peace but can also entail detrimental consequences for other individuals, communities, and nations. Second, we describe how peace psychology contains traces of positive psychology, especially with its focus on the pursuit of social justice. Third, reviewing and extending the concept of community resilience, we outline directions for further conceptual and empirical work in positive psychology inspired by peace psychology. Such work would do well to transcend positive psychology\&$\#$39;s current bias toward individualism and nationalism and to conceptualize well-being and resilience at the level of the \"global community.\" This extended \"positive peace psychology\" perspective would have important implications for our understanding of how to overcome oppression and work toward global peace.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Global Health, Humans, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Resilience, Psychological, Social Justice, Violence}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0032089}, author = {Cohrs, J. C. and Christie, D. J. and White, M. P. and Das, C.} } @article {2726, title = {Characteristics of Protracted, Intractable Conflict: Toward the Development of a Metaframework-I}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/03/01}, pages = {1-37}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {Protracted, intractable conflicts mark a new research frontier in the field of conflict studies. These intense, inescapable conflicts over issues such as critical resources, identity, meaning, justice, and power are complex, traumatic, and often resist even the most serious attempts at resolution. But why are they intractable? What characteristics distinguish intractable conflicts from more tractable, resolvable conflicts? Scholars have begun to identify a diverse array of interrelated factors. This article is the first in a three-part series that presents a metaframework for protracted, intractable conflict: a broad conceptual framework for theory building and intervention. This article begins the series by outlining the unique characteristics and challenges posed by conflict in this domain.}, isbn = {1078-1919}, doi = {10.1207/S15327949PAC0901_01}, author = {Coleman, Peter T.} } @article {5526, title = {Countdown to 2030: tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {391}, number = {10129}, year = {2018}, note = {eng
Review
England
2018/02/06 06:00
Lancet. 2018 Apr 14;391(10129):1538-1548. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30104-1. Epub 2018 Jan 31.}, month = {Apr 14}, pages = {1538-1548}, abstract = {Building upon the successes of Countdown to 2015, Countdown to 2030 aims to support the monitoring and measurement of women{\textquoteright}s, children{\textquoteright}s, and adolescents{\textquoteright} health in the 81 countries that account for 95\% of maternal and 90\% of all child deaths worldwide. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, the rate of decline in prevalence of maternal and child mortality, stillbirths, and stunting among children younger than 5 years of age needs to accelerate considerably compared with progress since 2000. Such accelerations are only possible with a rapid scale-up of effective interventions to all population groups within countries (particularly in countries with the highest mortality and in those affected by conflict), supported by improvements in underlying socioeconomic conditions, including women{\textquoteright}s empowerment. Three main conclusions emerge from our analysis of intervention coverage, equity, and drivers of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) in the 81 Countdown countries. First, even though strong progress was made in the coverage of many essential RMNCH interventions during the past decade, many countries are still a long way from universal coverage for most essential interventions. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that available services in many countries are of poor quality, limiting the potential effect on RMNCH outcomes. Second, within-country inequalities in intervention coverage are reducing in most countries (and are now almost non-existent in a few countries), but the pace is too slow. Third, health-sector (eg, weak country health systems) and non-health-sector drivers (eg, conflict settings) are major impediments to delivering high-quality services to all populations. Although more data for RMNCH interventions are available now, major data gaps still preclude the use of evidence to drive decision making and accountability. Countdown to 2030 is investing in improvements in measurement in several areas, such as quality of care and effective coverage, nutrition programmes, adolescent health, early childhood development, and evidence for conflict settings, and is prioritising its regional networks to enhance local analytic capacity and evidence for RMNCH.}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {CollaborationCountdownTo} } @article {5961, title = {A cluster randomised trial evaluation of the Media Initiative for Children: Respecting Difference Programme, Centre for Effective Education}, year = {2010}, institution = {Center for Effective Education, Queen{\textquoteright}s University Belfast}, address = {Belfast, Ireland}, url = {http://www.early-years.org/coral/research-docs/mifc-crt.pdf}, author = {Connolly, P. and Miller, S. and Eakin, A.} } @article {2741, title = {Cooperation beyond the dyad: on simple models and a complex society}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {365}, number = {1553}, year = {2010}, month = {2010-09-12 }, pages = {2687-2697}, abstract = {Players in Axelrod and Hamilton{\textquoteright}s model of cooperation were not only in a Prisoner{\textquoteright}s Dilemma, but by definition, they were also trapped in a dyad. But animals are rarely so restricted and even the option to interact with third parties allows individuals to escape from the Prisoner{\textquoteright}s Dilemma into a much more interesting and varied world of cooperation, from the apparently rare {\textquoteleft}parcelling{\textquoteright} to the widespread phenomenon of market effects. Our understanding of by-product mutualism, pseudo-reciprocity and the snowdrift game is also enriched by thinking {\textquoteleft}beyond the dyad{\textquoteright}. The concepts of by-product mutualism and pseudo-reciprocity force us to think again about our basic definitions of cooperative behaviour (behaviour by a single individual) and cooperation (the outcome of an interaction between two or more individuals). Reciprocity is surprisingly rare outside of humans, even among large-brained {\textquoteleft}intelligent{\textquoteright} birds and mammals. Are humans unique in having extensive cooperative interactions among non-kin and an integrated cognitive system for mediating reciprocity? Perhaps, but our best chance for finding a similar phenomenon may be in delphinids, which also live in large societies with extensive cooperative interactions among non-relatives. A system of nested male alliances in bottlenose dolphins illustrates the potential and difficulties of finding a complex system of cooperation close to our own.}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2010.0150}, url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/365/1553/2687.full.pdf}, author = {Connor, Richard C.} } @article {3286, title = {Community engagement to strengthen social cohesion and child protection in Chad and Burundi: {\textquotedblleft}Bottom Up{\textquotedblright} participatory monitoring, planning and action}, year = {2016}, institution = {International Insituted for Child Rights and Development (IICRD)}, url = {http://www.socialserviceworkforce.org/system/files/resource/files/Community\%20Engagement.pdf}, author = {P. Cook and N.B. Cohen and A. Oguniyi and J. Sewanou and UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education and Advocacy Programme (PBEA), Learning for Peace} } @article {6461, title = {Children{\textquoteright}s voices in times of COVID-19. Continued child activism in the face of personal challenges}, year = {2020}, institution = {World Vision}, keywords = {Child Advocacy, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/WV-Children\%E2\%80\%99s\%20voices\%20in\%20times\%20of\%20COVID-19\%20Final_2.pdf}, author = {Cuevas-Parra, P. and Stephano, M.} } @article {2756, title = {Children and violence: the role of children{\textquoteright}s regulation in the marital aggression-child adjustment link}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Cummings, E Mark
El-Sheikh, Mona
Kouros, Chrystyna D
Buckhalt, Joseph A
eng
R01 HD046795/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Review
2009/02/28 09:00
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2009 Mar;12(1):3-15. doi: 10.1007/s10567-009-0042-7.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {3-15}, abstract = {Exposure to marital psychological and physical abuse has been established as a risk factor for children{\textquoteright}s socio-emotional, behavioral, and cognitive problems. Understanding the processes by which children develop symptoms of psychopathology and deficits in cognitive functioning in the context of marital aggression is imperative for developing efficient and effective treatment programs for children and families, and has far-reaching mental health implications. The present paper outlines our research program, Child Regulation and Exposure to Marital Aggression, which focuses on children{\textquoteright}s emotional and physiological reactivity and regulation as pathways in the marital aggression-child development link. Findings from our research program, which highlight the importance of children{\textquoteright}s regulatory processes for understanding children{\textquoteright}s adjustment in contexts of intimate partner violence, are presented, and future directions in this line of inquiry are outlined.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child of Impaired Parents/*psychology, Expressed Emotion, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Psychophysiologic Disorders/etiology/physiopathology, Risk, Spouse Abuse/*psychology, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/*psychology, United States}, isbn = {1573-2827 (Electronic)
1096-4037 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-009-0042-7}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19247833}, author = {Cummings, E. M. and El-Sheikh, M. and Kouros, C. D. and Buckhalt, J. A.} } @book {2611, title = {Childhood \& Adversity: Psychological Perspectives from South African Research}, year = {1994}, publisher = {D. Philip}, organization = {D. Philip}, isbn = {9780864862648}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=g6p9AAAAMAAJ}, author = {Dawes, A. and Donald, D.} } @article {2821, title = {CpG islands and the regulation of transcription}, journal = {Genes Dev}, volume = {25}, number = {10}, year = {2011}, note = {Deaton, Aimee M
Bird, Adrian
eng
Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2011/05/18 06:00
Genes Dev. 2011 May 15;25(10):1010-22. doi: 10.1101/gad.2037511.}, month = {May 15}, pages = {1010-22}, abstract = {Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and predominantly nonmethylated. Most, perhaps all, CGIs are sites of transcription initiation, including thousands that are remote from currently annotated promoters. Shared DNA sequence features adapt CGIs for promoter function by destabilizing nucleosomes and attracting proteins that create a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state. Silencing of CGI promoters is achieved through dense CpG methylation or polycomb recruitment, again using their distinctive DNA sequence composition. CGIs are therefore generically equipped to influence local chromatin structure and simplify regulation of gene activity.}, keywords = {*Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Chromatin/chemistry, CpG Islands/genetics/*physiology, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing, Humans, Polycomb-Group Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics, Repressor Proteins/metabolism, Transcription Initiation Site}, isbn = {1549-5477 (Electronic)
0890-9369 (Linking)}, url = {http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/25/10/1010}, author = {Deaton, A. M. and Bird, A.} } @book {2626, title = {Cultivating a Landscape of Peace: Iroquois-European Encounters in Seventeenth-century America}, year = {1993}, publisher = {Cornell University Press}, organization = {Cornell University Press}, isbn = {9780801421716}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=QqH-ytiOAYkC}, author = {Dennis, M.} } @inbook {2696, title = {Cooperation and Competition}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice}, year = {2011}, pages = {23-42}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781118046906}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rw61VDID7U4C}, author = {Deutsch, M.}, editor = {Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P.T. and Marcus, E.C. and Alessio, A. C.} } @article {2846, title = {Can Psychosocial Intervention Improve Peer and Sibling Relations Among War-affected Children? Impact and Mediating Analyses in a Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Social Development}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, pages = {215-231}, abstract = {Social resources are considered important protectors in traumatic conditions, but few studies have analyzed their role in psychosocial interventions among war-affected children. We examined (1) whether a psychosocial intervention (teaching recovery techniques, TRT) is effective in improving peer and sibling relations, and (2) whether these potentially improved relations mediate the intervention{\textquoteright}s impacts on children{\textquoteright}s mental health. Participants were 428 Palestinian children [10{\textendash}13 (mean = 11.29, standard deviation SD = .68)-year-old girls (49.4 percent) and boys (50.6 percent)], who were cluster-randomized into the TRT and wait-list control groups. They reported the quality of peer (friendship and loneliness) and sibling (intimacy, warmth, conflict, and rivalry) relations, and posttraumatic stress, depressive and psychological distress symptoms, as well as psychosocial well-being at baseline (T1), postintervention (T2), and six month follow-up (T3). Results showed gender-specific TRT intervention effects: Loneliness in peer relations reduced among boys and sibling rivalry reduced among girls. The TRT prevented the increase in sibling conflict that happened in the control group. The mediating hypothesis was partially substantiated for improved peer relations, and beneficial changes in sibling relations were generally associated with improved mental health.}, keywords = {intervention, peer relations, siblingship, War}, isbn = {1467-9507}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12052 }, author = {Diab, Marwan and Punam{\"a}ki, Raija-Leena and Palosaari, Esa and Qouta, Samir R.} } @article {5831, title = {Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

In order to advance the notion that young children and their families have a role to play in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is pleased to introduce its first publication \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Promoting Peace and Sustainable Development\". This concept paper summarizes and combines evidence from developmental psychology, health and nutrition, with lessons learned from the peacebuilding and social services administration sectors. The paper will help practitioners appreciate how ECD services can prevent and mitigate conflict between individuals and among groups.

This background paper thereby follows in the footsteps of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which acknowledges that \“there can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development.\” It exemplifies the role of ECD in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, and in particular Goal 16. The concepts described in the paper align with recent directions in peacebuilding that aim to operationalize socio-economic development interventions so that they simultaneously transform relationships and build social support networks capable of mitigating violent conflict risks.

Read the ECPC background paper\ \”Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\”.

Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng]\ \ [Ara]\ \ [Fre]\ \ [Spa]\  [Tur].

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/background_paper_ecpc_issues_brief_2018.pdf}, author = {Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Salah, R. and Britto, P. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S. and Walmsley, P.} } @article {2021, title = {Contributions of Early Childhood Development services to preventing violent conflict and sustaining peace [Eng, Ara, Fre, Spa, Tur]}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {
The purpose of this Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) issue brief is to: (1) demonstrate\ the societal risks that result when early childhood\ development (ECD) services are lacking and (2) show\ how ECD services\  ontribute to sustaining peace\ through increasing social cohesion, equality and\ economic productivity.\  The brief and the ECPC background paper on which it is based are available via the links below.
Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng]\ \ [Ara]\ \ [Fre]\ \ [Spa]\  [Tur].

Read the ECPC background paper\ \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\".

}, keywords = {early childhood development, sustaining peace, vulnerable children}, url = {/sites/default/files/files/ecpc-brief-eng-2017(1).pdf}, author = {Donaldson, Chelsea}, editor = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Affolter, Friedrich and Britto, Pia Rebello} } @article {2891, title = {Commonality and the complexity of "we": social attitudes and social change}, journal = {Pers Soc Psychol RevPers Soc Psychol RevPers Soc Psychol Rev}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Dovidio, John F
Gaertner, Samuel L
Saguy, Tamar
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
United States
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2009 Feb;13(1):3-20. doi: 10.1177/1088868308326751.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {3-20}, edition = {2009/01/16}, abstract = {The present article explores the complex role of collective identities in the development of intergroup biases and disparities, in interventions to improve orientations toward members of other groups, and in inhibiting or facilitating social action. The article revolves around the common ingroup identity model, examining general empirical support but also acknowledging potential limitations and emphasizing new insights and extensions. It proposes that the motivations of majority group members to preserve a system that advantages them and the motivations of minority group members to enhance their status have direct implications for preferred group representations and consequent intergroup relations. In particular, the effects of majority group members{\textquoteright} preferences for a common, one-group identity and minority group members{\textquoteright} preference for a dual identity (in which differences are acknowledged within the context of a superordinate identity) are considered in terms of intergroup attitudes, recognition of unfair disparities, and support for social action.}, keywords = {*Group Processes, *Prejudice, *Social Change, *Social Identification, Acculturation, Conflict (Psychology), Humans, Minority Groups, Models, Psychological}, isbn = {1088-8683 (Print)
1532-7957}, author = {Dovidio, J. F. and Gaertner, S. L. and Saguy, T.} } @article {2911, title = {Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {286}, number = {24}, year = {2001}, note = {Dube, S R
Anda, R F
Felitti, V J
Chapman, D P
Williamson, D F
Giles, W H
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2002/01/05 10:00
JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3089-96.}, month = {Dec 26}, pages = {3089-96}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective cohort study of 17 337 adult health maintenance organization members (54\% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarceration; and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8\%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during childhood/adolescence and adulthood (P<.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1\%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2\%) was 31.1 (95\% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience-suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67\%, 64\%, and 80\% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/adolescent suicide attempts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention.}, keywords = {*Family Relations, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/*statistics \& numerical data, Domestic Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychology, Social/*statistics \& numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted/prevention \& control/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0098-7484 (Print)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Dube, S. R. and Anda, R. F. and Felitti, V. J. and Chapman, D. P. and Williamson, D. F. and Giles, W. H.} } @article {4736, title = {Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Dubow, Eric F
Aber, J Lawrence
Betancourt, Theresa S
Cummings, E Mark
Huesmann, L Rowell
eng
R01 HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2016/11/22 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Feb;29(1):85-92. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416001176. Epub 2016 Nov 21.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {85-92}, abstract = {The reader might get the impression that the four projects described in this Special Section proceeded in a systematic and predictable way. Of course, those of us engaged in each research project encountered pitfalls and challenges along the way. A main goal of this Special Section is to provide pathways and encouragement for those who may be interested in advancing high-quality research on this topic. In this paper, we describe a set of practical and ethical challenges that we encountered in conducting our longitudinal, process-oriented, and translational research with conflict-affected youth, and we illustrate how problems can be solved with the goal of maintaining the internal and external validity of the research designs. We are hopeful that by describing the challenges of our work, and how we overcame them, which are seldom treated in this or any other literature on research on child development in high-risk contexts, we can offer a realistic and encouraging picture of conducting methodologically sound research in conflict-affected contexts.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Dissent and Disputes, *Translational Medical Research, Adolescent, Armed Conflicts/*psychology, Child, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Intersectoral Collaboration, Longitudinal Studies, Research Support as Topic}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Dubow, E. F. and Aber, J. L. and Betancourt, T. S. and Cummings, E. M. and Huesmann, L. R.} } @article {2921, title = {Cumulative effects of exposure to violence on posttraumatic stress in Palestinian and Israeli youth}, journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol}, volume = {41}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Dubow, Eric F
Boxer, Paul
Huesmann, L Rowell
Landau, Simha
Dvir, Shira
Shikaki, Khalil
Ginges, Jeremy
eng
HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R24 HD050959/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
2012/05/01 06:00
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2012;41(6):837-44. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.675571. Epub 2012 Apr 27.}, pages = {837-44}, abstract = {We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for exposure to conflict/violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative exposure to violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did exposure to violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth{\textquoteright}s level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing exposure to violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Arabs/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Israel/epidemiology, Jews/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology/psychology, Violence/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1537-4424 (Electronic)
1537-4416 (Linking)}, author = {Dubow, E. F. and Boxer, P. and Huesmann, L. R. and Landau, S. and Dvir, S. and Shikaki, K. and Ginges, J.} } @article {2946, title = {Classifying prosocial behavior: children{\textquoteright}s responses to instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {5}, year = {2013}, note = {Dunfield, Kristen A
Kuhlmeier, Valerie A
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/03/07 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Sep-Oct;84(5):1766-76. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12075. Epub 2013 Mar 5.}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1766-76}, abstract = {This study investigates the diversity of early prosocial behavior by examining the ability of ninety-five 2- to 4-year-olds to provide aid to an adult experimenter displaying instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire. Children provided appropriate aid in response to each of these cues with high consistency over multiple trials. In contrast to the consistency with which the children provided aid within each task, there were no cross-task correlations, and the tendency to respond to each of the cues revealed unique developmental trajectories. Taken together, these results provide preliminary support for the importance of examining the cues to which children are responding and of differentiating between varieties of aid when considering the development of prosocial behavior.}, keywords = {*Helping Behavior, Analysis of Variance, Attitude, Child, Preschool, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dunfield, K. A. and Kuhlmeier, V. A.} } @article {2961, title = {The contributions of oxytocin and vasopressin pathway genes to human behavior}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Ebstein, Richard P
Knafo, Ariel
Mankuta, David
Chew, Soo Hong
Lai, Poh San
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2012/01/17 06:00
Horm Behav. 2012 Mar;61(3):359-79. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.014. Epub 2011 Dec 29.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {359-79}, abstract = {Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are social hormones and mediate affiliative behaviors in mammals and as recently demonstrated, also in humans. There is intense interest in how these simple nonapeptides mediate normal and abnormal behavior, especially regarding disorders of the social brain such as autism that are characterized by deficits in social communication and social skills. The current review examines in detail the behavioral genetics of the first level of human AVP-OXT pathway genes including arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), AVP (AVP-neurophysin II [NPII]) and OXT (OXT neurophysin I [NPI]), oxytocinase/vasopressinase (LNPEP), ADP-ribosyl cyclase (CD38) and arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (AVPR1b). Wherever possible we discuss evidence from a variety of research tracks including molecular genetics, imaging genomics, pharmacology and endocrinology that support the conclusions drawn from association studies of social phenotypes and detail how common polymorphisms in AVP-OXT pathway genes contribute to the behavioral hard wiring that enables individual Homo sapiens to interact successfully with conspecifics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.}, keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD38/genetics/physiology, Autistic Disorder/genetics/physiopathology/psychology, Dancing, Feeding Behavior/physiology, Gene Expression/physiology, Genomics, Humans, Microsatellite Repeats, Music, Oxytocin/blood/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics/physiology, Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics/physiology, Retinoids/physiology, Social Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders/genetics/psychology, Vasopressins/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology}, isbn = {1095-6867 (Electronic)
0018-506X (Linking)}, author = {Ebstein, R. P. and Knafo, A. and Mankuta, D. and Chew, S. H. and Lai, P. S.} } @article {6470, title = {A call for coordinated action to protect and support all young children and their caregivers}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {The Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) partners have co-developed and launched a Call For Coordinated Action urging all governments, global partnerships, multi- and bi-lateral agencies, political bodies, funders, international non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, the business sector, academia, civil society organizations, networks, and advocates to prioritize and invest in the needs of ALL young children and their parents and caregivers, especially the most vulnerable, during the COVID-19 pandemic response and recovery. }, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://covidaction.ecdan.org/calltoaction}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {6486, title = {COVID-19 and ECD}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

On March 26, 2020, the ECD Action Network (ECDAN) along with WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank, ARNEC and other partners organized the first in a series of webinars on COVID-19 and Early Childhood Development. Dr. David Nabarro, the Special Envoy on COVID-19 for the Secretary-General at WHO also provided the global community with a briefing on the pandemic to date. (See: https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19)

  1. High bandwidth
  2. Low bandwidth
}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {2976, title = {A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {Behav Res Ther}, volume = {38}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, note = {Ehlers, A
Clark, D M
eng
069777/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
ENGLAND
2000/04/13 09:00
Behav Res Ther. 2000 Apr;38(4):319-45.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {319-45}, abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic events. Many people recover in the ensuing months, but in a significant subgroup the symptoms persist, often for years. A cognitive model of persistence of PTSD is proposed. It is suggested that PTSD becomes persistent when individuals process the trauma in a way that leads to a sense of serious, current threat. The sense of threat arises as a consequence of: (1) excessively negative appraisals of the trauma and/or its sequelae and (2) a disturbance of autobiographical memory characterised by poor elaboration and contextualization, strong associative memory and strong perceptual priming. Change in the negative appraisals and the trauma memory are prevented by a series of problematic behavioural and cognitive strategies. The model is consistent with the main clinical features of PTSD, helps explain several apparently puzzling phenomena and provides a framework for treatment by identifying three key targets for change. Recent studies have provided preliminary support for several aspects of the model.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Cognitive Therapy, Association, Chronic Disease, Humans, Imagery (Psychotherapy), Memory, Models, Psychological, Negativism, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology/therapy, Stress, Psychological/*psychology, Thinking}, isbn = {0005-7967 (Print)
0005-7967 (Linking)}, author = {Ehlers, A. and Clark, D. M.} } @book {2656, title = {Children of the Great Depression: 25th Anniversary Edition}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, isbn = {9780813346373}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rx7zpZ8cgiEC}, author = {Elder, G.H.} } @book {2661, title = {The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780631221616}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=ThJJcfgga54C}, author = {Elias, N.} } @article {6004, title = {Child immigration detention in the EU}, year = {2019}, institution = {Children In Migration}, keywords = {children in alternative care, children{\textquoteright}s rights, Eurochild news, migration}, url = {https://www.eurochild.org/news/news-details/article/child-immigration-detention-in-the-eu/?tx_news_pi1\%5Bcontroller\%5D=News\&tx_news_pi1\%5Baction\%5D=detail\&cHash=58f9ef7ca846aaca7d00e54b3ace5c33}, author = {Eurochild and ChildrenInMigration} } @article {7233, title = {Commission proposes action to uphold child rights and support children in need}, year = {2021}, publisher = {European Union}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Education, governance and policy, Health}, url = {https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_1226}, author = {EuropeanCommission} } @article {6504, title = {Compendium of Resources | Protecting children during the COVID-19 outbreak}, year = {2020}, abstract = {COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic. As we continue to navigate this rapidly evolving situation, it is essential to stay informed on the latest news, updates and resources about the virus and its effect on children. As a global partnership, End Violence is here to share the latest evidence, data and information to protect children from COVID-19 and the related risk of violence. (See: https://www.end-violence.org/protecting-children-during-covid-19-outbreak)}, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19, violence exposure}, url = {https://www.end-violence.org/protecting-children-during-covid-19-outbreak}, author = {EVAC} } @article {6502, title = {Compendium of Resources | Stay safe at home. Stay safe online.}, year = {2020}, keywords = {child online safety, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.end-violence.org/safeonlinecovid?fbclid=IwAR0IFFqqhws_-2MTRqCqgvbjv6a7IyKC4y76YXheoRdZ8RuU0eewG6XNb9Y}, author = {EVAC} } @article {6485, title = {COVID-19 and Child Protection}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children (EVAC) and the Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) }, abstract = {

COVID-19 and Child Protection: On April 8, 2020, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children (EVAC) and the Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) partnered together to present a webinar focused on key issues on child protection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Speakers from WHO, Oxford University, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Actions, and country briefings from Tanzania, Montenegro, and the Philippines. (See:\ https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19)

  1. High bandwidth
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}, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19}, url = {https://zoom.us/rec/play/6JJ5d7z-q203HdOVswSDU6AsW9S_L66s13If_vsKxUjjWiRSYFulY-QXY-N4AztlsCmPu9xR8-XGvOjv?startTime=1586349047000\&_x_zm_rtaid=1YbMxokIQd2waVM1Z-YYBQ.1586968287275.ef27407061eac7b125294eda4bda9280\&_x_zm_rhtaid=211}, author = {EVAC and ECDAN} } @article {3041, title = {Childhood Poverty, Chronic Stress, Self-Regulation, and Coping}, journal = {Child Development Perspectives}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, pages = {43-48}, abstract = {Poverty is a powerful factor that can alter lifetime developmental trajectories in cognitive, socioemotional, and physical health outcomes. Most explanatory work on the underlying psychological processes of how poverty affects development has focused on parental investment and parenting practices, principally responsiveness. Our primary objective in this article was to describe a third, complementary pathway{\textemdash}chronic stress and coping{\textemdash}that may also prove helpful in understanding the developmental impacts of early childhood poverty throughout life. Disadvantaged children are more likely than their wealthier peers to confront a wide array of physical stressors (e.g., substandard housing, chaotic environments) and psychosocial stressors (e.g., family turmoil, separation from adult caregivers). As exposure to stressors accumulates, physiological response systems that are designed to handle relatively infrequent, acute environmental demands are overwhelmed. Chronic cumulative stressors also disrupt the self-regulatory processes that help children cope with external demands.}, keywords = {coping, Poverty, self-regulation, stress}, isbn = {1750-8606}, author = {Evans, Gary W. and Kim, Pilyoung} } @article {5885, title = {Child maltreatment, youth violence, and intimate partner violence: developmental relationships}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {33}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, note = {Fang, Xiangming
Corso, Phaedra S
P01 HD 31921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Netherlands
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4):281-90. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.003.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {281-90}, edition = {2007/09/25}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the cycle of violence, from victimization to perpetration across the life span, is critical for designing successful prevention interventions. This study uses a nationally representative sample to examine the developmental relationships among three forms of child maltreatment, youth violence perpetration or victimization, and young adult intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration or victimization. METHODS: Data describing self-reported youth violence perpetration (or victimization) from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994-1995) were matched with self-reported IPV perpetration (or victimization) in young adult sexual relationships and retrospective reports of child maltreatment collected during Wave III (2001-2002). Bivariate probit regression models were used to analyze the developmental relationships between child maltreatment, youth violence, and IPV. Analyses were completed in September 2006. RESULTS: Compared to nonvictims of child maltreatment, victims of child maltreatment are more likely to perpetrate youth violence (a likelihood increase ranging from -1.2\% to 6.6\% for females and 3.7\% to 11.9\% for males) and young adult IPV (an increase from 8.7\% to 10.4\% for females and from 1.3\% to 17.2\% for males), although the direct and indirect effects vary by type of child maltreatment experienced. Gender differences exist in the links between child maltreatment, youth violence and IPV, and in the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that it may be important to account for gender differences when designing violence prevention programs, and an integrative approach is critical for stopping the developmental trajectory of violence.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse/statistics \& numerical data, *Sexual Partners, *Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, United States}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.003}, author = {Fang, X. and Corso, P. S.} } @article {181, title = {Conflict resolution in the parent-child, marital, and peer contexts and children{\textquoteright}s aggression in the peer group: a process-oriented cultural perspective.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {46}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {310-25}, abstract = {

Theories of socialization propose that children\&$\#$39;s ability to handle conflicts is learned at home through mechanisms of participation and observation-participating in parent-child conflict and observing the conflicts between parents. We assessed modes of conflict resolution in the parent-child, marriage, and peer-group contexts among 141 Israeli and Palestinian families and their 1st-born toddler. We observed the ecology of parent-child conflict during home visits, the couple\&$\#$39;s discussion of marital conflicts, and children\&$\#$39;s conflicts with peers as well as aggressive behavior at child care. Israeli families used more open-ended tactics, including negotiation and disregard, and conflict was often resolved by compromise, whereas Palestinian families tended to consent or object. During marital discussions, Israeli couples showed more emotional empathy, whereas Palestinians displayed more instrumental solutions. Modes of conflict resolution across contexts were interrelated in culture-specific ways. Child aggression was predicted by higher marital hostility, more coparental undermining behavior, and ineffective discipline in both cultures. Greater family compromise and marital empathy predicted lower aggression among Israeli toddlers, whereas more resolution by consent predicted lower aggression among Palestinians. Considering the cultural basis of conflict resolution within close relationships may expand understanding on the roots of aggression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aggression, Child, Child Behavior, Child Care, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Family Conflict, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Peer Group, Play and Playthings, Young Adult}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0018286}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Masalha, Shafiq and Derdikman-Eiron, Ruth} } @article {177, title = {The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans.}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {669-76}, abstract = {

Animal studies demonstrated that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), implicated in bond formation across mammalian species, is transmitted from mother to young through mechanisms of early social experiences; however, no research has addressed the cross-generation transmission of OT in humans. Fifty-five parents (36 mothers and 19 fathers) engaged in a 15-min interaction with their infants. Baseline plasma OT was sampled from parents and salivary OT was sampled from parents and infants before and after play and analyzed with ELISA methods. Interactions were micro-coded for parent and child\&$\#$39;s socio-affective behavior. Parent and infant\&$\#$39;s salivary OT was individually stable across assessments and showed an increase from pre- to post-interaction. Significant correlations emerged between parental and infant OT at both assessments and higher OT levels in parent and child were related to greater affect synchrony and infant social engagement. Parent-infant affect synchrony moderated the relations between parental and infant OT and the associations between OT in parent and child were stronger under conditions of high affect synchrony. Results demonstrate consistency in the neuroendocrine system supporting bond formation in humans and other mammals and underscore the role of early experience in shaping the cross-generation transmission of social affiliation in humans.

}, keywords = {Adult, Cohort Effect, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Saliva, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-6867}, doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.005}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna} } @article {7435, title = {Comparing the reliability and predictive power of child, teacher, and guardian reports of noncognitive skills}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {119}, year = {2022}, month = {Aug-02-2022}, keywords = {Big Five, personality traits, Predictive power, psychological assessment, respondent types}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2113992119}, url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2113992119}, author = {Feng, Shuaizhang and Han, Yujie and Heckman, James J. and Kautz, Tim} } @article {5036, title = {Caseworker-recipient interaction: welfare office differences, economic trajectories, and child outcomes}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, note = {Godfrey, Erin B
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2011/12/21 06:00
Child Dev. 2012 Jan-Feb;83(1):382-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01697.x. Epub 2011 Dec 19.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {382-98}, abstract = {Drawing on developmental and policy research, this study examined whether 3 dimensions of caseworker-recipient interaction in welfare offices functioned as critical ecological contexts for recipient families. The sample consisted of 1,098 families from 10 welfare offices in National Evaluation of Welfare to Work Strategies (NEWWS). In multilevel analyses, caseworker support, caseload size, and emphasis on employment predicted 5-year quarterly trajectories of earnings, income, and welfare receipt. Recipients in offices characterized by high support had steeper increases in earnings and income; those in offices with high caseload size had steeper decreases in income and welfare receipt; and those in offices with high emphasis on employment had steeper decreases in welfare receipt. These economic trajectories were associated with children{\textquoteright}s reading and math achievement and internalizing behavior at ages 8-10.}, keywords = {*Goals, *Outcome Assessment (Health Care), *Professional-Patient Relations, Achievement, Adult, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/economics, California, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/economics/therapy, Child Welfare/*economics, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Income, Internal-External Control, Male, Models, Statistical, Rehabilitation, Vocational/economics, Social Support, Social Welfare/*economics, Social Work/*economics, Statistics as Topic, United States, Vocational Education/economics, Workload}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Godfrey, E. B. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @book {7539, title = {Childhood Vulnerabilities in South Africa: Some Ethical PerspectivesSeen but not heard? Engaging the mechanisms of faith to end violence against children}, year = {2020}, pages = {33 - 64}, publisher = {African Sun Media}, organization = {African Sun Media}, edition = {1}, keywords = {child rights and protection, interfaith, South Africa, violence prevention}, doi = {10.18820/9781928480952/02}, url = {https://bit.ly/3dkgqR9}, author = {Palm, Selina}, editor = {Grobbelaar, Jan and Jones, Chris} } @article {5041, title = {Cross-generational effects of discrimination among immigrant mothers: perceived discrimination predicts child{\textquoteright}s healthcare visits for illness}, journal = {Health Psychol}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Halim, May Ling
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Amodio, David M
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2012/03/07 06:00
Health Psychol. 2013 Feb;32(2):203-11. doi: 10.1037/a0027279. Epub 2012 Mar 5.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {203-11}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether an immigrant mother{\textquoteright}s perception of ethnic and language-based discrimination affects the health of her child (indexed by the child{\textquoteright}s frequency of sick visits to the doctor, adjusting for well-visits), as a function of her ethnic-group attachment and length of U.S. residency. METHOD: A community-based sample of 98 immigrant Dominican and Mexican mothers of normally developing 14-month-old children were interviewed. Mothers reported their perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination, degree of ethnic-group attachment, length of time in the United States, and frequency of their child{\textquoteright}s doctor visits for both illness and routine (healthy) exams. RESULTS: Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those reporting low ethnic-group attachment. The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment. Among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits regardless of ethnic-group attachment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a Latina mother{\textquoteright}s experience with ethnic and language-based discrimination is associated with her child{\textquoteright}s health, as indicated by doctor visits for illness, but that strong ethnic-group attachment may mitigate this association among recent immigrants.}, keywords = {*Cohort Effect, Adult, Child Health Services/*utilization, Dominican Republic/ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Emigration and Immigration/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mexico/ethnology, Mothers/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Prejudice/*psychology, Qualitative Research, Time Factors, United States, Young Adult}, isbn = {1930-7810 (Electronic)
0278-6133 (Linking)}, author = {Halim, M. L. and Yoshikawa, H. and Amodio, D. M.} } @article {610, title = {Culture, Context and the Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Syrians: A Review for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support staff working with Syrians Affected by Armed Conflict}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNHCR}, address = {Geneva}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/55f6b90f9.pdf}, author = {Hassan, G. and Mekki- Berrada A. and Quosh, C. and el Chammay, R. and Deville-Stoetzel, J.B. and Youssef, A. and Jefee-Bahloul, H. and Barkeel-Oteo, A. and Coutts, A. and Song, S. and Ventevogel, P.} } @book {526, title = {Children of Afghanistan: The Path to Peace}, year = {2014}, publisher = {University of Texas Press}, organization = {University of Texas Press}, isbn = {9780292759336}, url = {http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/books/heachi}, author = {Heath, J. and Zahedi, A.} } @article {7683, title = {Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in ColombiaAbstract}, journal = {Child Psychiatry \& Human Development}, year = {2024}, month = {Oct-11-2025}, keywords = {Anxiety, caregiver, Colombia, Depression, early childhood}, issn = {0009-398X}, doi = {10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y}, author = {Hein, Sascha and Ponguta, Liliana A. and Flores, Jos{\'e} M. and Londo{\~n}o Tob{\'o}n, Amalia and Johnson, Isaac N. S. and Larran, Julie and Ortiz Hoyos, Ana M. and G{\'o}mez, Oscar and Gonz{\'a}lez Ballesteros, Lina M. and Castellanos Roncancio, Camila A. and Leckman, James F.} } @article {6118, title = {Child friendly spaces impact across five humanitarian settings: a meta-analysis}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-019-6939-2}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-6939-2}, author = {Hermosilla, Sabrina and Metzler, Janna and Savage, Kevin and Musa, Miriam and Ager, Alastair} } @inbook {579, title = {Contact Is Not Enough: An Intergroup Perspective on the Contact Hypothesis}, booktitle = {Contact and Conflict in Intergroup Encounters}, year = {1986}, pages = {1-44}, publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, organization = {Basil Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Contact_and_Conflict_in_Intergroup_Encou.html?id=kDRmQgAACAAJ}, author = {M. Hewstone and R. J. Brown}, editor = {M. Hewstone and R. Brown} } @book {527, title = {Changing How We Live}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Spokesman Books}, organization = {Spokesman Books}, isbn = {9780851248073}, url = {http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/acatalog/Robert_Hinde.html}, author = {Hinde, R.} } @article {6483, title = {Childcare in the COVID-19 Era: A Guide for Employers}, year = {2020}, publisher = {International Finance Corporation}, abstract = {This guidance note is a companion to IFC{\textquoteright}s Global Guide for Employer-Supported Childcare and outlines ways in which employers can support the care and family needs of their employees during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and fulfill their obligations under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. (See: https://bit.ly/2VurqSP)}, keywords = {COVID-19, employers}, url = {https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/gender+at+ifc/resources/childcare+and+covid+guidance+for+employers?fbclid=IwAR3D4ibB_N6CUsd3zU_3ozwYZxheQOoFX4GYHpgPvqvas_deJ789NF2Upug}, author = {IFC and WHO} } @book {530, title = {Cooperative Learning: Increasing College Faculty Instructional Productivity: ASHE-ERIC High Education Research Reports}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781878380098}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=jmfuAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Johnson, D.W. and Johnson, R.T. and Smith, K.A.} } @article {3246, title = {Child-Friendly Schooling for Peacebuilding}, year = {2014}, month = {September 2014}, institution = {Learning for Peace}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/child-friendly-schooling-for-peacebuilding}, author = {Fumiyo Kagawa, David Selby} } @article {5904, title = {Continuing effects of the Turkish Early Enrichment Project in adult life}, journal = {J Appl Dev Psychol}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, pages = {764-779}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/8_continuing_effects_of_early_intervention_in_adult_life.pdf}, author = {Ka{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i},{\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S. and Cemalclar, Z.} } @article {671, title = {Continuing effects of early enrichment in adult life: The Turkish Early Enrichment Project 22 years later}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, note = {532vy
Times Cited:13
Cited References Count:79}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {764-779}, abstract = {

Long-term Studies of early intervention, spanning over decades, are scarce in the United States and nonexistent in the rest of the world. The Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) is the only non-U.S. example to date. This paper reports a new follow-up assessment of the long-term outcomes of TEEP, an intervention carried out in 1983-1985 with 4-6 year old children from deprived backgrounds (previous evaluations were carried out at the completion of the intervention and seven years later). Findings from 131 of the original 255 participants indicate more favorable outcomes for children who received either mother training or educational preschool, or both, compared to those who had neither, in terms of educational attainment. occupational status, age of beginning gainful employment, and some indicators of integration into modern urban life, such as owning a computer. Further analyses of the intervention effects on the complete post-intervention developmental trajectories indicated that children whose cognitive deficits prior to the intervention were mild to moderate but not severe benefited from early enrichment. Thus, a majority of the children who received early enrichment had more favorable trajectories of development into young adulthood in the cognitive/achievement and social developmental domains than comparable children who did not receive enrichment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. Ail rights reserved.

}, keywords = {children, early childhood intervention, early enrichment, early-childhood intervention, families, home, Income, juvenile-delinquency, long-term effects, mother training, preschool education, program, school, turkey, united-states}, isbn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.003}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/8_continuing_effects_of_early_intervention_in_adult_life.pdf}, author = {K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S. and Baydar, N. and Cemalcilar, Z.} } @article {7067, title = {COVID-19 interfaith guide}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The International Dialogue Centre (KAICIID)}, keywords = {COVID-19, interfaith, interreligious}, url = {https://www.kaiciid.org/publications-resources/covid-19-interfaith-guide}, author = {KAICIID} } @book {5725, title = {The Cultural Nature of Attachment: Contextualizing Relationships and Development}, year = {2018}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {attachment and bonding}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/cultural-nature-attachment}, author = {Keller, H. and Bard, K. A.} } @inbook {581, title = {Conflict Analysis and Resolution}, booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology}, year = {2003}, pages = {315-353}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, organization = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, url = {http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199760107.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199760107}, author = {H. C. Kelman and R. J. Fisher}, editor = {D. O. Sears et al} } @article {411, title = {Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {197}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Nov}, pages = {378-85}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders.

AIMS: To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries.

METHOD: Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

RESULTS: Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8\% of all disorders across countries.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Age of Onset, Causality, Child, Child Abuse, Child of Impaired Parents, Child, Preschool, Crime, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Health, Family Relations, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Young Adult}, issn = {1472-1465}, doi = {10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499}, author = {Kessler, Ronald C and McLaughlin, Katie A and Green, Jennifer Greif and Gruber, Michael J and Sampson, Nancy A and Zaslavsky, Alan M and Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio and Alhamzawi, Ali Obaid and Alonso, Jordi and Angermeyer, Matthias and Benjet, Corina and Bromet, Evelyn and Chatterji, Somnath and de Girolamo, Giovanni and Demyttenaere, Koen and Fayyad, John and Florescu, Silvia and Gal, Gilad and Gureje, Oye and Haro, Josep Maria and Hu, Chi-Yi and Karam, Elie G and Kawakami, Norito and Lee, Sing and L{\'e}pine, Jean-Pierre and Ormel, Johan and Posada-Villa, Jos{\'e} and Sagar, Rajesh and Tsang, Adley and Ust{\"u}n, T Bedirhan and Vassilev, Svetlozar and Viana, Maria Carmen and Williams, David R} } @book {535, title = {Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, organization = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, isbn = {9781442206854}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0130.2008.00525.x}, author = {Kriesberg, L. and Dayton, B.W.} } @article {193, title = {Childrearing discipline and violence in developing countries.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {62-75}, abstract = {

The present study examined the prevalence and country-level correlates of 11 responses to children\&$\#$39;s behavior, including nonviolent discipline, psychological aggression, and physical violence, as well as endorsement of the use of physical punishment, in 24 countries using data from 30,470 families with 2- to 4-year-old children that participated in UNICEF\&$\#$39;s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The prevalence of each response varied widely across countries, as did the amount of variance accounted for by country in relation to each response. Country-level indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment, and economic well-being were related to several responses to children\&$\#$39;s behavior. Country-level factors are widely related to parents\&$\#$39; methods of teaching children good behavior and responding to misbehavior.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Economic Development, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Punishment, Questionnaires, Socialization, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01676.x}, author = {Lansford, J. E. and Deater-Deckard, K.} } @article {4056, title = {Cross-generational influences on childhood anxiety disorders: pathways and mechanisms.}, journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)}, volume = {123}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 09}, pages = {1053-67}, abstract = {

Anxiety disorders are common across the lifespan, cause severe distress and impairment, and usually have their onset in childhood. Substantial clinical and epidemiological research has demonstrated the existence of links between anxiety and its disorders in children and parents. Research on the pathways and mechanisms underlying these links has pointed to both behavioral and biological systems. This review synthesizes and summarizes several major aspects of this research. Behavioral systems include vicarious learning, social referencing, and modeling of parental anxiety; overly protective or critical parenting styles; and aspects of parental responses to child anxiety including family accommodation of the child{\textquoteright}s symptoms. Biological systems include aspects of the prenatal environment affected by maternal anxiety, development and functioning of the oxytocinergic system, and genetic and epigenetic transmission. Implications for the prevention and treatment of child anxiety disorders are discussed, including the potential to enhance child anxiety treatment outcomes through biologically informed parent-based interventions.

}, keywords = {Anxiety Disorders, Child, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents}, issn = {1435-1463}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-016-1565-y}, author = {Lebowitz, E. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Silverman, W. K. and Feldman, R.} } @book {707, title = {Creating Global Citizens: The Panwapa Project}, series = {Comm. Res. Trends}, number = {28}, year = {2009}, pages = {25-30}, abstract = {

Children today are growing up in an increasingly globally-connected society. While globalization is bringing individuals across the world closer together, offering tremendous opportunities and change, it is also requiring children to develop skills, perspectives, and competencies to understand and navigate this interconnected world. However, there are few resources or international efforts that provide young children the basis for these lifelong perspectives and competencies that will help them to meet the demands of the world of tomorrow, today. To help prepare a new generation of children for life in our increasingly global and interdependent world, Sesame Workshop and the Merrill Lynch Foundation formed a partnership to create Panwapa (a word from the Tshiluba language that means \"here on this earth\"), an international, multi-media project aimed at fostering the foundation for global citizenship skills and community activism in young children. This article builds on Cole (2008), who first wrote about the Panwapa initiative, and provides a summary of findings from an evaluation of the program. The Panwapa initiative engenders global awareness by nurturing and modeling basic civic values, such as fairness, mutual respect and understanding, justice, appreciation of diversity, accountability for one\&$\#$39;s actions, and a general desire to work for the common good. Just as learning to count and familiarity with the alphabet provide fundamentals for math and literacy learning, Panwapa offers the building blocks of good global citizenship.

}, url = {https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/creating-global-citizens-panwapa/id521694817?mt=11}, author = {J. H. Lee and C. F. Cole} } @article {722, title = {Community-based early intervention for children with behavioural, emotional and social problems: evaluation of the Scallywags Scheme}, journal = {Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties}, volume = {11}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-06-2006}, pages = {83 - 104}, issn = {1363-2752}, doi = {10.1080/13632750600619257}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632750600619257}, author = {Lovering, Kathryn and Frampton, Ian and Crowe, Ben and Moseley, Alice and Broadhead, Moira} } @inbook {5661, title = {Comparative and evolutionary perspectives}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {131 - 144}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {8}, abstract = {Any effort to understand or shape human behavior must take into consideration the notion that there are universal tendencies to behave in particular ways, which are shared by all human beings, as well as differences in the extent to which these tendencies are expressed in particular individuals. Taking a comparative and an evolutionary perspective can help us understand the universal aspects of human aggressive and peaceful tendencies as well as their variation among individuals. Human aggressiveness has a biological basis, but it is neither necessary nor inevitable. Aggressive competition is common in some animal species but uncommon in others, depending on the ratio between the benefits of aggression (obtaining resources or status) and its costs (physical, physiological, psychological, or social). Humans have a high potential for aggression, but aggressive tendencies can be suppressed in particular environmental circumstances. Individuals living in different environments adopt slow or fast life history strategies that make them adapted to those environments. The quality of the early environment, including social experience, is a key determinant of life history strategies. selfish, exploitative, and aggressive tendencies are more common in individuals with fast life histories who are exposed to early stress, violence, harsh parenting, or unpredictable changes in their environment. Comparative research on animal behavior can provide the theoretical framework for understanding the effects of early experience on the development of aggressiveness and peacefulness as well as elucidate some of the physiological or social mechanisms underlying these effects. Rhesus macaque females exposed to harsh and abusive parenting in the first few months of life show anxiety, impulsiveness, and abusive parenting in adulthood. They also reach puberty earlier, are more interested in infants, and tend to be more fertile but die at a younger age than other females. Rhesus macaques raised by nurturing mothers who provide emotional and social support, but also encourage their independence, show normal maternal behavior in adulthood and greater resilience in response to stressful challenges. Even species-typical aggressive tendencies can be reduced through manipulation of the early social environment. Young rhesus macaques with high propensities for aggression can acquire effective skills for peaceful conflict resolution after cohabitation with young stumptail macaques, a species in (p.132) which peaceful conflict management and resolution are more common. The findings of comparative research are therefore consistent with those of research in developmental psychology in indicating that a supportive family1 environment and positive experiences acquired during child development are important prerequisites for the creation of peaceful and resilient adults.}, keywords = {Aggression, biological basis, harsh parenting, peacefulness, stress, Violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0008}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Maestripieri, Dario}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {677, title = {A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, volume = {107}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {May 1, 1992}, pages = {407-437}, abstract = {

This paper examines whether the Solow growth model is consistent with the international variation in the standard of living. It shows that an augmented Solow model that includes accumulation of human as well as physical capital provides an excellent description of the cross-country data. The paper also examines the implications of the Solow model for convergence in standards of living, that is, for whether poor countries tend to grow faster than rich countries. The evidence indicates that, holding population growth and capital accumulation constant, countries converge at about the rate the augmented Solow model predicts.

}, doi = {10.2307/2118477}, author = {Mankiw, N. G. and Romer, D. and Weil, D. N.} } @article {678, title = {Coexistence Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Evaluating Intergroup Encounter Interventions Between Jews and Arabs in Israel}, journal = {Journal of Social Issues}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, pages = {437-452}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, isbn = {1540-4560}, doi = {10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00119.x}, author = {Maoz, Ifat} } @article {427, title = {Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {63}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {227-57}, abstract = {

This review highlights progress over the past decade in research on the effects of mass trauma experiences on children and youth, focusing on natural disasters, war, and terrorism. Conceptual advances are reviewed in terms of prevailing risk and resilience frameworks that guide basic and translational research. Recent evidence on common components of these models is evaluated, including dose effects, mediators and moderators, and the individual or contextual differences that predict risk or resilience. New research horizons with profound implications for health and well-being are discussed, particularly in relation to plausible models for biological embedding of extreme stress. Strong consistencies are noted in this literature, suggesting guidelines for disaster preparedness and response. At the same time, there is a notable shortage of evidence on effective interventions for child and youth victims. Practical and theory-informative research on strategies to protect children and youth victims and promote their resilience is a global priority.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Disasters, Humans, Psychology, Child, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Terrorism, War}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Narayan, A. J.} } @article {4776, title = {Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mental health intervention for war-affected young persons: decision analysis based on a randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Health Policy Plan}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {McBain, Ryan K
Salhi, Carmel
Hann, Katrina
Salomon, Joshua A
Kim, Jane J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
P30 AG024409/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
1F31MH097333-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
5K01MH077246-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
5P30AG024409-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/09/09 06:00
Health Policy Plan. 2016 May;31(4):415-24. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czv078. Epub 2015 Sep 7.}, month = {May}, pages = {415-24}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: One billion children live in war-affected regions of the world. We conducted the first cost-effectiveness analysis of an intervention for war-affected youth in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a broader cost analysis. METHODS: The Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI) is a behavioural treatment for reducing functional impairment associated with psychological distress among war-affected young persons. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from July 2012 to July 2013. Participants (n = 436, aged 15-24) were randomized to YRI (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Functional impairment was indexed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale; scores were converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). An {\textquoteright}ingredients approach{\textquoteright} estimated financial and economic costs, assuming a societal perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also expressed in terms of gains across dimensions of mental health and schooling. Secondary analyses explored whether intervention effects were largest among those worst-off (upper quartile) at baseline. RESULTS: Retention at 6-month follow-up was 85\% (n = 371). The estimated economic cost of the intervention was $104 per participant. Functional impairment was lower among YRI recipients, compared with controls, following the intervention but not at 6-month follow-up, and yielded an ICER of $7260 per QALY gained. At 8-month follow-up, teachers{\textquoteright} interviews indicated that YRI recipients observed higher school enrolment [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 8.9], denoting a cost of $431 per additional school year gained, as well as better school attendance (P = 0.007, OR 34.9) and performance (P = 0.03, effect size = -1.31). Secondary analyses indicated that the intervention was cost-effective among those worst-off at baseline, yielding an ICER of $3564 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: The YRI is not cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of three times average gross domestic product per capita. However, results indicate that the YRI translated into a range of benefits, such as improved school enrolment, not captured by cost-effectiveness analysis. We also outline areas for modification to improve cost-effectiveness in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: RPCGA-YRI-21003.}, keywords = {*Cost-effectiveness analysis, *disability, *Health Care Costs, *Mental Health, *school, *sub-Saharan Africa, *war, *Warfare, Adolescent, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services/economics, Psychotherapy, Group/*economics/methods, Sierra Leone, Stress, Psychological/*etiology/therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult}, isbn = {1460-2237 (Electronic)
0268-1080 (Linking)}, author = {McBain, R. K. and Salhi, C. and Hann, K. and Salomon, J. A. and Kim, J. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @inbook {582, title = {Culture, Cognition and Conflict: How Neuroscience Can Help to Explain Cultural Differences in Negotiation and Conflict Management}, booktitle = {Neuroeconomics and the Firm}, year = {2010}, pages = {263-288}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, url = {http://www.e-elgar.com/shop/neuroeconomics-and-the-firm}, author = {J. F. McCarthy and C. A. Scheraga and D. E. Gibson}, editor = {A. A. Stanton et al.} } @inbook {7389, title = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, booktitle = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, year = {2011}, pages = {159-176}, chapter = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, keywords = {Education / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Cultural Policy, Social Science / Violence in Society}, url = {T. Maty{\'o}k, J. Senehi, \& S. Byrne}, author = {McEvoy-Levy, S. and Maty{\'o}k, T. and Senehi, J. and Byrne, S.} } @article {437, title = {Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews.}, journal = {Bull World Health Organ}, volume = {87}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 May}, pages = {353-61}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize recent evidence from systematic and comprehensive reviews on the effectiveness of universal and selective child maltreatment prevention interventions, evaluate the methodological quality of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they are based on, and map the geographical distribution of the evidence.

METHODS: A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated with a tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and the quality of the outcome evaluations was assessed using indicators of internal validity and of the construct validity of outcome measures.

FINDINGS: The review focused on seven main types of interventions: home visiting, parent education, child sex abuse prevention, abusive head trauma prevention, multi-component interventions, media-based interventions, and support and mutual aid groups. Four of the seven - home-visiting, parent education, abusive head trauma prevention and multi-component interventions - show promise in preventing actual child maltreatment. Three of them - home visiting, parent education and child sexual abuse prevention - appear effective in reducing risk factors for child maltreatment, although these conclusions are tentative due to the methodological shortcomings of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they draw on. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the evidence shows that outcome evaluations of child maltreatment prevention interventions are exceedingly rare in low- and middle-income countries and make up only 0.6\% of the total evidence base.

CONCLUSION: Evidence for the effectiveness of four of the seven main types of interventions for preventing child maltreatment is promising, although it is weakened by methodological problems and paucity of outcome evaluations from low- and middle-income countries.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Databases, Bibliographic, Humans, Review Literature as Topic}, issn = {1564-0604}, author = {Mikton, Christopher and Butchart, Alexander} } @article {439, title = {The case for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans.}, journal = {Mamm Genome}, volume = {19}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Jun}, pages = {394-7}, abstract = {

Work in the laboratory mouse has identified a group of genes, called metastable epialleles, that are informing us about the mechanisms by which the epigenetic state is established in the embryo. At these alleles, transcriptional activity is dependent on the epigenetic state and this can vary from cell to cell in the one tissue type. The decision to be active or inactive is probabilistic and sensitive to environmental influences. Moreover, in some cases the epigenetic state at these alleles can survive across generations, termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Together these findings raise the spectre of Lamarckism and epigenetics is now being touted as an explanation for some intergenerational effects in human populations. In this review we will discuss the evidence so far.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Animals, Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic, Family Characteristics, Humans, Inheritance Patterns}, issn = {0938-8990}, doi = {10.1007/s00335-008-9124-y}, author = {Morgan, Daniel K and Whitelaw, Emma} } @article {6592, title = {COVID-19 in Pre-Existing Humanitarian Crises}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Moving Minds Alliance}, keywords = {COVID-19, humanitarian crisis}, url = {https://movingmindsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/covid19-in-pre-existing-humanitarian-crises-mma-ecd-statement-june2020.pdf}, author = {MovingMindsAlliance} } @article {727, title = {Caregiving Strategies for Reducing Aggression and Violence in At-risk Mothers and their Babies}, journal = {Child and Youth Care Forum}, volume = {35}, year = {2006}, month = {Mar-11-2007}, pages = {411 - 426}, issn = {1053-1890}, doi = {10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8}, author = {Nicholson, Diana and Artz, Sibylle} } @article {624, title = {Child Povery and Inequality: new Perspectives}, year = {2012}, edition = {1}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Child_Poverty_Inequality_FINAL_Web_web.pdf}, author = {L. Ortiz}, editor = {M. Daniels and S. Engilbertsd{\'o}ttir} } @article {5780, title = {Child Poverty and inequality: New Perspectives}, year = {2012}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {child poverty, child rights, poverty and inequality}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Child_Poverty_Inequality_FINAL_web.pdf}, author = {Ortiz, I. and Daniels, L. M. and Engilbertsdottir, S. and UNICEF} } @article {215, title = {Caregiver-child mental health: a prospective study in conflict and refugee settings.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {313-27}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: In humanitarian settings, family-level drivers of mental health are insufficiently documented; we examined the strength of caregiver-child associations with two-wave, family-level Afghan data.

METHODS: We recruited a gender-balanced sample of 681 caregiver-child dyads (n\ =\ 1,362 respondents) using stratified random-sampling in government schools in Kabul (364 dyads) and refugee schools in Peshawar (317 dyads). One year after baseline, we re-interviewed 64\% of Kabul and 31\% of Peshawar cohorts (n\ =\ 331 dyads, 662 respondents), retaining fewer Peshawar families due to refugee repatriation. In multivariable analyses adjusted for baseline, we assessed the extent to which caregiver mental health (Self-Report Questionnaire, SRQ-20) was associated with child symptom scores of post-traumatic stress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES), depression (Depression Self-Rating Scale, DSRS), psychiatric difficulties, impact, and prosocial strength (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ).

RESULTS: Caregiver mental health was prospectively associated with all eight measures of child mental health at follow-up, adjusted for baseline. For post-traumatic stress, caregiver mental health had a predictive impact comparable to the child experiencing one or two lifetime trauma events. For depression, caregiver mental health approached the predictive impact of female gender. Thus a one SD change in caregiver SRQ-20 was associated with a 1.04 point change on CRIES and a 0.65 point change in DSRS. For multi-informant SDQ data, caregiver-child associations were strongest for caregiver ratings. For child-rated outcomes, associations were moderated by maternal literacy, a marker of family-level dynamics. Both adults and children identified domestic violence and quality of home life as independent risk and protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS: In the context of violence and displacement, efforts to improve child mental health require a thoughtful consideration of the mental health cascade across generations and the cluster of adversities that impact family wellbeing. We identify culturally meaningful leverage points for building family-level resilience, relevant to the prevention and intervention agenda in global mental health.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Afghanistan, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Refugees, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12167}, author = {Panter-Brick, Catherine and Grimon, Marie-Pascale and Eggerman, Mark} } @article {5186, title = {Conflict, violence, and health: setting a new interdisciplinary agenda}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Panter-Brick, Catherine
eng
Introductory
England
2009/11/26 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jan;70(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.022. Epub 2009 Nov 22.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {*Conflict (Psychology), *Health Status, *Violence, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {6515, title = {COVID-19: 24/7 Parenting}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Parenting for Lifelong Health}, abstract = {24/7 parenting resources in 70 languages! Parenting for Lifelong Health provides open-access online parenting resources during COVID-19. We are working with the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, the Internet of Good Things, USAID and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.}, keywords = {COVID-19, Parenting}, url = {https://www.covid19parenting.com/?fbclid=IwAR1uFD7NN0N2Sza8340UNUhJ5GCHUPgc8NlQ-hfcHFuwpPoBlW58KQjIQsU}, author = {ParentingForLifelongHealth} } @article {6123, title = {Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Self-harm in Early Childhood in a Cohort at Risk for Child Abuse and Neglect}, journal = {Archives of Suicide Research}, volume = {23}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-01-2019}, pages = {134 - 150}, issn = {1381-1118}, doi = {10.1080/13811118.2017.1413468}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13811118.2017.1413468}, author = {Paul, Elise and Ortin, Ana} } @article {890, title = {The costs and economic impact of violence against children}, year = {2014}, institution = {Child Fund Alliance, Overseas Development Institute}, address = {London}, keywords = {child labor, child trafficking, psychosocial violence, sexual violence against children, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {http://childfundalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ODI-Policy-Brief.-The-cost-and-economic-impact-of-violence-against-children.pdf}, author = {Pereznieto, P. and Montes, A. and Langston, L. and Routier, S.} } @article {6513, title = {COVID-19, Violence \& The Need To Act with Urgency}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {Benjamin Perks Blogsite}, keywords = {child online safety, child rights and protection, COVID-19, violence against children}, url = {https://benjaminperksblog.home.blog/2020/04/23/covid19-and-violence-against-children/?fbclid=IwAR1AvMRSrprzhNduhdIhZUl5_0nIZbHZWVM6BsF8aQUhmdxhh8ovyyPTrFs}, author = {Perks, B} } @article {5306, title = {A conceptual model for youth-led programs as a promising approach to Early Childhood Care and Education}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica
Rasheed, Muneera Abdul
Reyes, Chin Regina
Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):71-89. doi: 10.1002/cad.20233.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {71-89}, abstract = {The international community has set forth global targets that include calls for universal access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE), as indicated in the United Nations{\textquoteright} Sustainable Development Goals. One major impediment to achieving this target is the lack of a skilled workforce. In this paper, we argue the case for leveraging youth as an untapped resource for supplying the workforce the ECCE system needs. Youth comprise a large proportion of the global population, and historically, although youth experience higher unemployment rates than their adult counterparts, youth are important agents of social awareness, social transformation, and community mobilization in multiple global contexts. We provide a conceptual model based on developmental theories and program examples to leverage the discourse of youth-led ECCE programs as a viable option to address workforce gaps while benefiting both young children and youth.}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, early childhood development, sustainable development goals, youth}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Reyes, C. R. and Yousafzai, A. K.} } @article {5922, title = {A Conceptual Model for Youth-Led Programs as a Promising Approach to Early Childhood Care and Education}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Ponguta, Liliana Angelica
Rasheed, Muneera Abdul
Reyes, Chin Regina
Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar
Journal Article
Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):71-89. doi: 10.1002/cad.20233.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {71-89}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {The international community has set forth global targets that include calls for universal access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE), as indicated in the United Nations{\textquoteright} Sustainable Development Goals. One major impediment to achieving this target is the lack of a skilled workforce. In this paper, we argue the case for leveraging youth as an untapped resource for supplying the workforce the ECCE system needs. Youth comprise a large proportion of the global population, and historically, although youth experience higher unemployment rates than their adult counterparts, youth are important agents of social awareness, social transformation, and community mobilization in multiple global contexts. We provide a conceptual model based on developmental theories and program examples to leverage the discourse of youth-led ECCE programs as a viable option to address workforce gaps while benefiting both young children and youth.}, keywords = {*Adolescent Development, *Child Development, *Conservation of Natural Resources, *Leadership, *Program Development, *United Nations, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, early childhood care and education, early childhood development, Humans, sustainable development goals, youth}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20233}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Reyes, C. R. and Yousafzai, A. K.} } @article {455, title = {Childhood chronic physical aggression associates with adult cytokine levels in plasma.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {e69481}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of animal and human studies are indicating that inflammation is associated with behavioral disorders including aggression. This study investigates the association between chronic physical aggression during childhood and plasma cytokine levels in early adulthood.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two longitudinal studies were used to select males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence (n = 7) and a control group from the same background (n = 25). Physical aggression was assessed yearly by teachers from childhood to adolescence and plasma levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at age 26 and 28 years. Compared to the control group, males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence had consistently lower plasma levels of five cytokines: lower pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1\α (T(28.7) = 3.48, P = 0.002) and IL-6 (T(26.9) = 3.76, P = 0.001), lower anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-4 (T(27.1) = 4.91, P = 0.00004) and IL-10 (T(29.8) = 2.84, P = 0.008) and lower chemokine IL-8 (T(26) = 3.69, P = 0.001). The plasma levels of four cytokines accurately predicted aggressive and control group membership for all subjects.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Physical aggression of boys during childhood is a strong predictor of reduced plasma levels of cytokines in early adulthood. The causal and physiological relations underlying this association should be further investigated since animal data suggest that some cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1\β play a causal role in aggression.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cytokines, Humans, Male, Young Adult}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0069481}, author = {Proven{\c c}al, Nadine and Suderman, Matthew J and Vitaro, Frank and Szyf, Moshe and Tremblay, Richard E} } @article {868, title = {Changing antisocial behavior patterns in young boys: A structured cooperative learning approach}, journal = {Education and Treatment of Children}, volume = {25}, year = {2002}, month = {11/2002}, pages = {380-395}, chapter = {380}, abstract = {

This study examined the effectiveness of using a structured cooperative learning approach to increase appropriate behaviors of young boys who were identified as being at risk for the development of antisocial behavior problems. Students received a six-week cooperative learning intervention using positive peer role models to teach interpersonal problem-solving skills through the combined use of cognitive and behavioral techniques. Results show a significant increase in academic engaged time; however, the intervention failed to produce significantly lower rates of externalizing antisocial behaviors or negative playground interactions.

}, keywords = {antisocial behavior, cooperative learning, young boys at risk}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/42899718}, author = {Quinn, M.M.} } @article {5687, title = {Child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation: a review of promising prevention policies and programs}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {83}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
eng
Review
2013/10/30 06:00
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2013 Oct;83(4):559-75. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12056.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {559-75}, abstract = {Child trafficking, including commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), is one of the fastest growing and most lucrative criminal activities in the world. The global enslavement of children affects countless numbers of victims who are trafficked within their home countries or transported away from their homes and treated as commodities to be bought, sold, and resold for labor or sexual exploitation. All over the world, girls are particularly likely to be trafficked into the sex trade: Girls and women constitute 98\% of those who are trafficked for CSE. Health and safety standards in exploitative settings are generally extremely low, and the degree of experienced violence has been linked with adverse physical, psychological, and social-emotional development. The human-rights-based approach to child trafficking provides a comprehensive conceptual framework whereby victim-focused and law enforcement responses can be developed, implemented, and evaluated. This article highlights promising policies and programs designed to prevent child trafficking and CSE by combating demand for sex with children, reducing supply, and strengthening communities. The literature reviewed includes academic publications as well as international and governmental and nongovernmental reports. Implications for social policy and future research are presented.}, keywords = {*Human Rights, *Sex Work, Child, child trafficking, children, Commercial sexual exploitation, Female, gender equality, Human Trafficking/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, human-rights-based approach, Humans, migration, policy, sexually transmitted diseases, slavery, smuggling}, isbn = {1939-0025 (Electronic)
0002-9432 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y.} } @article {5686, title = {Challenges to the rapid identification of children who have been trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {52}, year = {2016}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
eng
Review
England
2016/01/01 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2016 Feb;52:158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.015. Epub 2015 Dec 22.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {158-68}, abstract = {Child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) is a complex phenomenon, requiring multifaceted programs and policies by various stakeholders. A number of publications have focused on preventing this heinous crime. Less attention, however, has been paid to the recovery and rehabilitation of children who have been traumatized as a result of being trafficked for CSE. This article focuses on the first step in the protection and recovery process, which is to ensure that procedures are in place for their identification, so that they might access timely and appropriate assistance. It highlights three situational and two child-related challenges to identification. In addition, it describes the additional victimization experienced by children who are wrongly arrested for crimes associated with prostitution or illegal border crossings, rather than being identified as victims. An extensive literature review was conducted, and included academic publications, as well as governmental and non-governmental reports. In addition, field-based qualitative research was undertaken in South and Southeast Asia, and involved interviews with representatives from United Nations and governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and aftercare recovery programs.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, child trafficking, Commercial sexual exploitation, Female, Global Health/legislation \& jurisprudence, Government Regulation, Human Trafficking/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, Humans, Male, Sex Work/legislation \& jurisprudence, Terminology as Topic}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y.} } @article {5924, title = {Cohort profile: The Mauritius Child Health Project}, journal = {Int J EpidemiolInt }, volume = {39}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {1464-3685
Raine, Adrian
Liu, Jianghong
Venables, Peter H
Mednick, Sarnoff A
Dalais, C
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec;39(6):1441-51. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp341. Epub 2009 Dec 7.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1441-51}, edition = {2009/12/10}, keywords = {*Epidemiologic Research Design, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Developing Countries, Female, Health Promotion/*methods, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mauritius/epidemiology, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology/*prevention \& control, Mental Health, Parents/psychology, Psychological Tests, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Young Adult}, isbn = {0300-5771}, doi = {10.1093/ije/dyp341}, author = {Raine, A. and Liu, J. and Venables, P. H. and Mednick, S. A. and Dalais, C.} } @article {458, title = {Comparing the validity of the self reporting questionnaire and the Afghan symptom checklist: dysphoria, aggression, and gender in transcultural assessment of mental health.}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {206}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: The relative performance of local and international assessment instruments is subject to ongoing discussion in transcultural research on mental health and psychosocial support. We examined the construct and external validity of two instruments, one developed for use in Afghanistan, the other developed by the World Health Organization for use in resource-poor settings.

METHODS: We used data collected on 1003 Afghan adults (500 men, 503 women) randomly sampled at three sites in Afghanistan. We compared the 22-item Afghan Symptom Checklist (ASCL), a culturally-grounded assessment of psychosocial wellbeing, with Pashto and Dari versions of the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). We derived subscales using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and tested total and subscale scores for external validity with respect to lifetime trauma and household wealth using block model regressions.

RESULTS: EFA suggested a three-factor structure for SRQ-20--somatic complaints, negative affect, and emotional numbing--and a two-factor structure for ASCL--jigar khun (dysphoria) and aggression. Both factor models were supported by CFA in separate subsamples. Women had higher scores for each of the five subscales than men (p \< 0.001), and larger bivariate associations with trauma (rs .24 to .29, and .10 to .19, women and men respectively) and household wealth (rs -.27 to -.39, and .05 to -.22, respectively). The three SRQ-20 subscales and the ASCL jigar khun subscale were equally associated with variance in trauma exposures. However, interactions between gender and jigar khun suggested that, relative to SRQ-20, the jigar khun subscale was more strongly associated with household wealth for women; similarly, gender interactions with aggression indicated that the aggression subscale was more strongly associated with trauma and wealth.

CONCLUSIONS: Two central elements of Afghan conceptualizations of mental distress--aggression and the syndrome jigar khun--were captured by the ASCL and not by the SRQ-20. The appropriateness of the culturally-grounded instrument was more salient for women, indicating that the validity of instruments may be gender-differentiated. Transcultural validation processes for tools measuring mental distress need to explicitly take gender into account. Culturally relevant measures are worth developing for long-term psychosocial programming.

}, keywords = {Adult, Afghanistan, Aged, Aggression, Checklist, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Self Report}, issn = {1471-244X}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-14-206}, author = {Rasmussen, Andrew and Ventevogel, Peter and Sancilio, Amelia and Eggerman, Mark and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {7319, title = {Child migration and access to Early Childhood Care and Education: Limitations in legal frameworks and other concerns}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Right to Education}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, ECCE, migrants and refugees}, url = {https://www.right-to-education.org/es/node/1411}, author = {RightToEducationInitiative} } @article {6175, title = {Childcare and working families: New opportunity of missing link? An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {childcare, family-friendly policies, G20 Initiative for Early Childhood Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), working families}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Childcare\%20-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Samman, E. and Lombardi, J. and UNICEF} } @article {5930, title = {Comprehensive longitudinal studies of child health, development and behaviour in Jamaica: findings and policy impact}, journal = {West Indian Med J}, volume = {57}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, note = {Samms-Vaughan, M
Journal Article
Jamaica
West Indian Med J. 2008 Dec;57(6):639-44.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {639-44}, edition = {2009/07/08}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Birth cohort and other longitudinal studies of children{\textquoteright}s health, development and behaviour have provided important information on child and adult outcomes. This has allowed evidence based policy and programme development targeted at issues specific to countries. Few studies have been conducted in developing countries. This paper reports on the findings and policy implications of two comprehensive longitudinal studies in Jamaica. METHOD: The findings of the Jamaican Birth Cohort Studies, conducted between 1986 and 2003, and the Profiles Project, a longitudinal study commencing in 1999 when children were six years, were reviewed. Recommendations from the studies and their impact on policy and programme development for Jamaican children were identified. RESULTS: Policy and programme impact were identified in areas of child poverty intervention, parenting, social activities, violence and aggression, health and nutrition, screening and early intervention, setting of standards for early childhood institutions, gender early childhood indicators and education and training. Policy and programme impact were national, regional and international. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive longitudinal studies of children in developing countries, though costly, provide wide-ranging and important information for policy and programme development.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, Child, Child Development, Developing Countries, Early Intervention (Education), Health Policy, Humans, Jamaica, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Poverty}, isbn = {0043-3144 (Print)
0043-3144}, url = {http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S0043-31442008000600016}, author = {Samms-Vaughan, M.} } @article {7083, title = {Cooler Earth - Higher Benefits Actions by those who care about children, climate and finance.}, year = {2020}, institution = {World Council of Churches}, keywords = {children, churches commitment to children, climate change, finance}, url = {https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/publications/cooler-earth-higher-benefits}, author = {Seidel, F. and de Martel, E.} } @article {6479, title = {Compendium of Resources | Caring for Each Other}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In response to the unprecedented uncertainty facing young children and families, Sesame Workshop{\textquoteright}s Caring for Each Other initiative marks the beginning of a commitment to support families throughout the COVID-19 health crisis with a broad variety of free resources. (See https://www.sesamestreet.org/caring)}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education, Muppets, resilience}, url = {https://www.sesamestreet.org/caring}, author = {SesameStreet} } @book {553, title = {Connectome: How the Brain{\textquoteright}s Wiring Makes Us who We are}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}, organization = {Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}, isbn = {9780547508184}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=uNDW_dQ_dlAC}, author = {Seung, S.} } @article {733, title = {Children{\textquoteleft}s Mediational Teaching Style as a Function of Intervention for Cross-Age Peer-Mediation}, journal = {School Psychology International}, volume = {25}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-02-2004}, pages = {59 - 78}, issn = {01430343}, doi = {10.1177/0143034304024782}, url = {http://spi.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0143034304024782}, author = {Shamir, Adina and Tzuriel, David} } @article {4731, title = {Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Sharma, Manasi
Fine, Shoshanna L
Brennan, Robert T
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
2016/11/22 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Feb;29(1):11-23. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416001073. Epub 2016 Nov 21.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {11-23}, abstract = {This study explored how coping with war-related traumatic events in Sierra Leone impacted mental health outcomes among 529 youth (aged 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female) using longitudinal data from three time points (Time 1 in 2002, Time 2 in 2004, and Time 3 in 2008). We examined two types of coping items (approach and avoidance); used multiple regression models to test their relations with long-term mental health outcomes (internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, adaptive/prosocial behaviors, and posttraumatic stress symptoms); and used mediation analyses to test whether coping explained the relation between previous war exposures (being raped, death of parent(s), or killing/injuring someone during the war) and those outcomes. We found that avoidance coping items were associated with lower internalizing and posttraumatic stress behaviors at Time 3, and provided some evidence of mediating the relation between death of parent(s) during the war and the two outcomes mentioned above. Approach coping was associated with higher Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors, whereas avoidance coping was associated with lower Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors. Avoidance coping may be a protective factor against mental illness, whereas approach coping may be a promotive factor for adaptive/prosocial behaviors in war-affected societies. This study has important implications for designing and implementing mental health interventions for youth in postconflict settings.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*diagnosis/*psychology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Sierra Leone, Social Adjustment, Violence/psychology}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Sharma, M. and Fine, S. L. and Brennan, R. T. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {7172, title = {Children as agents of positive change. A mapping of children{\textquoteright}s initiatives across regions, towards an inclusive and healthy world free from violence}, year = {2021}, institution = {UN Special Representative to the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {violence prevention, youth leadership}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/children-agents-positive-change-mapping-children\%E2\%80\%99s-initiatives-across-regions-towards-inclusive}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @book {5740, title = {Celebrating childhood: A journey to end violence against children}, year = {2016}, publisher = {United Nations}, organization = {United Nations}, abstract = {This book is about what ending violence against children takes, means and brings. It{\textquoteright}s a celebration of childhood and a manifesto for a world where children can grow with dignity and free from violence. It gathers inspiring testimonies of people whose talent and time are bringing us closer to a world of nonviolence for all children. The contributors are remarkable people of all ages and backgrounds. They are visionary leaders and child rights defenders, scholars and artists, all of whom have demonstrated decisive commitment to build a better world for children. We trust that you will be inspired by the personal stories, the professional achievements and the dreams and creations presented in this book. In the countdown to 2030, everybody counts. Children want to count on you! Every citizen of the world can be an agent of change. And this can inspire others to bring about the change we need.}, keywords = {early childhood, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/document_files/celebrating_childhood_report.pdf}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {463, title = {Conserved epigenetic sensitivity to early life experience in the rat and human hippocampus.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17266-72}, abstract = {

Early life experience is associated with long-term effects on behavior and epigenetic programming of the NR3C1 (GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR) gene in the hippocampus of both rats and humans. However, it is unlikely that such effects completely capture the evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mechanisms of early adaptation to environment. Here we present DNA methylation profiles spanning 6.5 million base pairs centered at the NR3C1 gene in the hippocampus of humans who experienced abuse as children and nonabused controls. We compare these profiles to corresponding DNA methylation profiles in rats that received differential levels of maternal care. The profiles of both species reveal hundreds of DNA methylation differences associated with early life experience distributed across the entire region in nonrandom patterns. For instance, methylation differences tend to cluster by genomic location, forming clusters covering as many as 1 million bases. Even more surprisingly, these differences seem to specifically target regulatory regions such as gene promoters, particularly those of the protocadherin \α, \β, and \γ gene families. Beyond these high-level similarities, more detailed analyses reveal methylation differences likely stemming from the significant biological and environmental differences between species. These results provide support for an analogous cross-species epigenetic regulatory response at the level of the genomic region to early life experience.

}, keywords = {Animals, Cadherins, Child, Child Abuse, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Gene-Environment Interaction, Hippocampus, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Multigene Family, Rats, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Species Specificity}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121260109}, author = {Suderman, Matthew and McGowan, Patrick O and Sasaki, Aya and Huang, Tony C T and Hallett, Michael T and Meaney, Michael J and Turecki, Gustavo and Szyf, Moshe} } @book {884, title = {Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology Youth Resilience and Culture }, volume = {11}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, organization = {Springer Netherlands}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-017-9414-5}, issn = {2210-5417}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2}, author = {Theron, L. C. and Liebenberg, L. and Ungar, M.} } @article {468, title = {Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: preliminary findings in healthy adults.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {e30148}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: A history of early adverse experiences is an important risk factor for adult psychopathology. Changes in stress sensitivity and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may underlie the association between stress and risk for psychiatric disorders. Preclinical work in rodents has linked low levels of maternal care to increased methylation of the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, as well as to exaggerated hormonal and behavioral responses to stress. Recent studies have begun to examine whether early-life stress leads to epigenetic modifications of the GR gene in humans.

METHODS: We examined the degree of methylation of a region of the promoter of the human GR gene (NR3C1) in leukocyte DNA from 99 healthy adults. Participants reported on their childhood experiences of parental behavior, parental death or desertion, and childhood maltreatment. On a separate day, participants completed the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test, a standardized neuroendocrine challenge test.

RESULTS: Disruption or lack of adequate nurturing, as measured by parental loss, childhood maltreatment, and parental care, was associated with increased NR3C1 promoter methylation (p\<.05). In addition, NR3C1 promoter methylation was linked to attenuated cortisol responses to the Dex/CRH test (p\<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood maltreatment or adversity may lead to epigenetic modifications of the human GR gene. Alterations in methylation of this gene could underlie the associations between childhood adversity, alterations in stress reactivity, and risk for psychopathology.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Base Sequence, Child, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, CpG Islands, Dexamethasone, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Health, Humans, Leukocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuroendocrinology, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0030148}, author = {Tyrka, Audrey R and Price, Lawrence H and Marsit, Carmen and Walters, Oakland C and Carpenter, Linda L} } @article {3321, title = {Conflict Sensitivity and Peacebuilding in UNICEF Technical Note}, year = {2012}, month = {June 2012}, url = {http://www.unicefinemergencies.com/downloads/eresource/docs/KRR/UNICEF\%20Technical\%20Note\%20on\%20Conflict\%20Sensitivity\%20and\%20Peacebuilding.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6480, title = {Compendium of Resources | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). What you need to know about the virus to protect you and your family}, year = {2020}, abstract = {
  1. Read the latest news, information and features on COVID-19
  2. Advice for parents and families on coping with COVID-19
  3. How UNICEF and partners are helping children around the world
  4. Media resources, including press releases and statements
}, keywords = {Caregivers, children, COVID-19, educators, Parents, resilience}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/covid-19}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7290, title = {The Climate Crisis is a Child Rights Crisis. Introducing the Children{\textquoteright}s Climate Risk Index.}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {child rights and protection, climate change, UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/reports/climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis?utm_campaign=CCRI\&utm_source=referral\&utm_medium=newsletter}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {2361, title = {COMMENCER D{\`E}S LE PLUS JEUNE {\^A}GE {\`A} {\'E}DIFIER DES SOCI{\'E}T{\'E}S PLUS FORTES ET PLUS PACIFIQUES (FR)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, abstract = {
Des millions d\’enfants de par le monde vivent dans un\ climat de conflit, de violence et d\’ins\écurit\é. Face la\ multiplication des situations d\’urgence et des crises,\ l\’UNICEF s\’engage prot\éger le d\éveloppement des enfantset contribuer des soci\ét\és r\ésilientes et durables.\ Compte tenu des liens \étroits d\ûment ot\és dans les\ nouveaux Objectifs de d\éveloppement durable qui unissent\ le d\éveloppement social et la paix, l\’UNICEF \élabore avecses partenaires des interventions novatrices en mati\èrede d\éveloppement du jeune enfant visant faire reculer la\ violence, promouvoir la paix et jeter des bases solides pour\ que les enfants grandissent en bonne sant\é et deviennentdes membres actifs et engag\és de leur communaut\é
}, keywords = {early childhood development, peacebuilding}, url = {sites/default/files/files/03b ECD PB Social Cohesion brief_FRENCH.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7242, title = {Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF, International Labour Organization (ILO)}, keywords = {child labour, COVID-19}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/child-labour-2020-global-estimates-trends-and-the-road-forward/?utm_source=newsletter\&utm_medium=email\&utm_campaign=childlabour_report}, author = {UNICEF and ILO} } @article {3366, title = {Conflict Sensitivity and Peacebuilding: Programming Guide}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/programming-guide-conflict-sensitivity-and-peacebuilding}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5705, title = {Concurrent resolution with the General Assembly on the review of the UN peacebuilding architecture}, year = {2016}, url = {https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/\%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9\%7d/s_res_2282.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations and Security Council} } @article {5606, title = {Charter of the United Nations}, year = {1945}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/un-charter-full-text/}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {599, title = {Convention on the rights of the child. United Nations Treaty Series}, volume = {1577}, year = {1989}, pages = {3}, url = {https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=treaty\&mtdsg_no=iv-11\&chapter=4\&lang=en}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6481, title = {Compendium of Resources | Distance learning solutions (UNESCO)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The list of educational applications, platforms and resources below aim to help parents, teachers, schools and school administrators facilitate student learning and provide social care and interaction during periods of school closure. Most of the solutions curated are free and many cater to multiple languages. (See: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions)}, keywords = {childcare workers, COVID-19, educators}, url = {https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions}, author = {UnitedNationsEducationalScientificCulturalOrganization} } @article {5749, title = {A Call to Strengthen Mental Health Supports for Refugee Children and Youth}, journal = {NAM Perspectives}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-08-2018}, doi = {10.31478/namperspectives10.31478/20180810.31478/201808a}, url = {https://nam.edu/perspectiveshttps://www.nam.edu/perspectives/https://nam.edu/a-call-to-strengthen-mental-health-supports-for-refugee-children-and-youth}, author = {Burbage, Michelle L. and Klein Walker, Deborah} } @inbook {587, title = {Child mental health, psychosocial wellbeing and resilience in Afghanistan: a review and future directions}, booktitle = {Handbook of Resilience in Children of War}, volume = {51-79}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, url = {http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461463740}, author = {P. Ventevogel and M. Jordans and M. Eggerman and B. van Mierlo and C. Panter-Brick}, editor = {C. Fernando and M. Ferrari} } @article {5692, title = {Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {369}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {145 - 157}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60076-2}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673607600762http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607600762?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607600762?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Walker, Susan P and Wachs, Theodore D and Meeks Gardner, Julie and Lozoff, Betsy and Wasserman, Gail A and Pollitt, Ernesto and Carter, Julie A} } @article {6511, title = {COVID-19 CME Resources for Learners (Training for healthcare professionals)}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis}, keywords = {COVID-19, heathcare, Public Health}, url = {https://cme.wustl.edu/go/covid19-learners}, author = {WashingtonUniversitySchoolOfMedicine} } @article {6465, title = {COVID-19 and Children in Armed Conflict}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Watch List on Children in Armed Conflict}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {armed conflict, violence against children, violence exposure}, url = {https://watchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2379-watchlist-factsheet-covid-19-final.pdf}, author = {WatchList} } @article {6464, title = {{\textquotedblleft}A Credible List{\textquotedblright}: Recommendations for the Secretary-General{\textquoteright}s 2020 Annual Report on Children and Armed Conflict}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Watch List on Children in Armed Conflict}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {armed conflict, violence against children, violence exposure}, url = {https://watchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/watchlist-credible-list-report-2020-final.pdf}, author = {WatchList} } @article {3141, title = {Children and armed conflict: Interventions for supporting war-affected children}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {Educational Publishing Foundation}, address = {US}, abstract = {Mental health, psychosocial, and peacebuilding supports are badly needed to support war-affected children in diverse countries. To meet the scale of the needs in an accountable manner, it is essential to have a broad vision of systemic supports for populations of war-affected children. This article, which introduces the 2nd Special Issue on Children and Armed Conflict, outlines 3 pillars of systemic supports for war-affected children: comprehensiveness, sustainability, and Do No Harm. It shows how supports should be multileveled, resilience-oriented, multidisciplinary, tailored to fit different subgroups, and attentive to issues of policy and funding. The achievement of sustainability requires additional attention to building on existing supports, adapting to the local culture and context, focusing more on capacity building than on projects, greater power sharing with local actors, embedding supports in local institutions, and strengthening the evidence base regarding sustainability. The Do No Harm principle requires self-critical practice and the prevention and management of unintended harms related to issues such as discrimination, the use of orphanages as the first resort for war orphans and separated children, raised expectations, dependency, and picking open the psychological wounds of war-affected children. With these pillars as a framework, the article ends with a brief overview of the 8 articles that comprise this 2nd Special Issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {*Conflict, *Intervention, War}, isbn = {1532-7949(Electronic);1078-1919(Print)}, author = {Wessells, Michael G.} } @article {740, title = {Center-Based Early Head Start and Children Exposed to Family Conflict}, journal = {Early Education \& Development}, volume = {20}, year = {2009}, month = {Aug-12-2009}, pages = {942 - 957}, issn = {1040-9289}, doi = {10.1080/10409280903206211}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10409280903206211}, author = {Whiteside-Mansell, Leanne and Bradley, Robert and McKelvey, Lorraine and Lopez, Maya} } @article {6476, title = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public}, year = {2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, public advice}, url = {https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public}, author = {WHO} } @article {6477, title = {Country \& Technical Guidance - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)}, year = {2020}, keywords = {country guidance, COVID-19, technical guidance}, url = {https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance}, author = {WHO} } @article {5733, title = {Care for child development: Improving the care for young children}, year = {2012}, institution = {World Health Organization}, keywords = {child and adolescent health, Maternal, newborn}, url = {http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/care_child_development/en/}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization} } @article {6462, title = {Compendium of Resources | World Vision Coronavirus Health Crisis}, year = {2020}, keywords = {coronavirus, COVID-19, Public Health}, url = {https://www.wvi.org/emergencies/coronavirus-health-crisis/our-impact?fbclid=IwAR2G7QZNrJDDLPJd5YZyBISgZdQgXQL8zEPgQ0m8UIU7QjRF5kjMJ5s5r9c$\#$}, author = {WorldVision} } @article {5131, title = {Commentary: New Directions in Developmentally Informed Intervention Research for Vulnerable Populations}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Whipps, Mackenzie D M
Rojas, Natalia M
eng
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2017/02/06 06:00
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):459-465. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12736. Epub 2017 Feb 3.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {459-465}, abstract = {This special section of Child Development brings together experts in developmental science and intervention research to incorporate current evidence on resilience for vulnerable populations and give concrete suggestions for action and research. This commentary synthesizes the contributions of the articles, noting themes such as simultaneous attention to multiple risk, protective, and promotive processes; integrating new principles from clinical and therapeutic interventions; and adapting intervention approaches for new populations. It then describes additional directions for interventions to maximize resilience, including approaches that address social psychological processes, issues related to demographic and other forms of diversity, policy-related individual behaviors, and sequenced interventions across the life span. It also gives suggestions for integrating implementation science on expansion and scale with behavioral intervention science.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Humans, Psychotherapy/*methods, Vulnerable Populations/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Whipps, M. D. and Rojas, N. M.} } @article {5116, title = {Child development and public policy: toward a dynamic systems perspective}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {72}, number = {6}, year = {2001}, note = {Yoshikawa, H
Hsueh, J
eng
2002/01/05 10:00
Child Dev. 2001 Nov-Dec;72(6):1887-903.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1887-903}, abstract = {Little theoretical work exists that proposes general mechanisms for how public policies may influence child development. This article argues that dynamic systems theories may be useful in illuminating such processes, as well as highlighting gaps in current research at the intersection of public policy analysis and developmental science. A brief review of dynamic systems theories as they are currently utilized in other areas of developmental science is provided, as well as a statement of why they may help advance research in public policy and child development. Five principles of dynamic systems theories are presented and discussed using examples from research that address the question, "How do current antipoverty and welfare reform policies affect children?" Also presented are examples of hypotheses and research questions that each principle may generate for future work. The concluding section presents challenges that each principle poses for research methodology, and potential uses of the dynamic systems approach for developing and integrating policy and program initiatives.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Public Policy, Child, Humans}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Hsueh, J.} }