@article {4101, title = {On the absence of a {\textquoteleft}Socio-emotional Enablement{\textquoteright} discourse component in international socio-economic development thought}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-12-2004}, pages = {424 - 436}, issn = {02839318}, doi = {10.1111/scs.2004.18.issue-410.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00303.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/scs.2004.18.issue-4http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00303.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fj.1471-6712.2004.00303.x}, author = {Affolter, Friedrich W.} } @article {6122, title = {Aiming higher for maternal and child nutrition in South Asia}, journal = {Maternal \& Child Nutrition}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-11-2018}, pages = {e12739}, doi = {10.1111/mcn.12739}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mcn.12739}, author = {Torlesse, Harriet and Aguayo, V{\'\i}ctor M.}, editor = {Aguayo, V{\'\i}ctor M. and Torlesse, Harriet} } @article {5421, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {9}, year = {2014}, note = {Alderman, Harold
Haddad, Lawrence
Headey, Derek D
Smith, Lisa
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2014/10/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Sep;2(9):e500. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70266-9. Epub 2014 Aug 27.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {e500}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70266-9}, author = {Alderman, H. and Haddad, L. and Headey, D. D. and Smith, L.} } @article {231, title = {Acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on subjective and behavioral responses to social rejection.}, journal = {Exp Clin Psychopharmacol}, volume = {18}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {316-21}, abstract = {

The hormone and neuropeptide oxytocin is believed to buffer against social stress and reduce social-threat perception. We employed a widely used ostracism paradigm, Cyberball, to investigate whether oxytocin ameliorated the acute behavioral and affective consequences of social rejection. In a double-blind, randomized, between-subjects design, 74 healthy male and female participants were administered intranasal oxytocin or placebo and subsequently ostracized or included during this virtual ball-tossing game. Ostracized participants reported negative affective and attachment-related reactions, as well as a significant motivational change in increased desire to be involved in the game; these effects were not influenced by oxytocin. Intranasal oxytocin did, however, increase included participants\&$\#$39; desire to play again with the same participants, suggesting oxytocin enhanced desire for future social engagement following inclusion. These findings are argued to provide evidence that the effects of oxytocin in promoting social approach behavior may be context specific and sensitive to positive social cues. The results suggest that in an explicitly aversive context, oxytocin does not buffer against the immediate impact of blunt social rejection.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Internet, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocics, Oxytocin, Rejection (Psychology), Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult}, issn = {1936-2293}, doi = {10.1037/a0019719}, author = {Alvares, Gail A and Hickie, Ian B and Guastella, Adam J} } @article {218, title = {American Psychologist / Special Issue: Peace Psychology}, year = {2013}, url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/68/7/}, author = {Anderson, N} } @article {634, title = {Approaches to conflict and conflict resolution in toddler relationships}, journal = {Journal of Early Childhood Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-06-2012}, pages = {145 - 161}, issn = {1476-718X}, doi = {10.1177/1476718X11430070}, url = {http://ecr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1476718X11430070}, author = {Ashby, N. and Neilsen-Hewett, C.} } @book {485, title = {Adolescents and War: How Youth Deal with Political Violence}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

Hundreds of thousands of children are forced or legally recruited combatants in no fewer than 70 warring parties across the world. In addition to these child soldiers, thousands of youth voluntarily participate in politically related conflict. Why, how, and in what capacities are such large numbers of teenagers involved in war, and how are they affected? This book brings together world experts in an evidence-based volume to thoroughly understand and document the intricacies of youth who have had substantial involvement in political violence. Contributors argue that the assumption that youth are automatically debilitated by the violence they experience is much too simplistic: effective care for youth must include an awareness of their motives and beliefs, the roles they played in the conflict, their relationships with others, and the opportunities available to them after their experiences with war. The book suggests that the meaning youth make of a conflict may protect them from mental harm.

}, keywords = {adolescents, child soldiers, children, political violence, War, youth}, isbn = {9780190451141}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.001.0001}, url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.001.0001/acprof-9780195343359}, author = {Barber, B.K.} } @article {252, title = {Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict--challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {461-73}, abstract = {

AIMS AND METHOD: Drawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict-affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations.

FINDINGS: The expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people\&$\#$39;s interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war\&$\#$39;s impact on the broader ecology of youth\&$\#$39;s lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Researchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross-cultural contexts.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Civil Disorders, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mental Disorders, Politics, Research, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12056}, author = {Barber, Brian K} } @article {5777, title = {Access and Quality of Education for International Migrant Children}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNESCO}, abstract = {

Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015 \"Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges\".

}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002324/232474e.pdf}, author = {Bartlett, L.} } @article {167, title = {Appetitive motivation predicts the neural response to facial signals of aggression.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar 12}, pages = {2719-25}, abstract = {

The \"behavioral approach system\" (BAS) (Gray, 1990) has been primarily associated with reward processing and positive affect. However, additional research has demonstrated that the BAS plays a role in aggressive behavior, heightened experience of anger, and increased attention to facial signals of aggression. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that variation in the BAS trait in healthy participants predicts activation in neural regions implicated in aggression when participants view facial signals of aggression in others. Increased BAS drive (appetitive motivation) was associated with increased amygdala activation and decreased ventral anterior cingulate and ventral striatal activation to facial signals of aggression, relative to sad and neutral expressions. In contrast, increased behavioral inhibition was associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate, a region involved in the perception of fear and threat. Our results provide the first demonstration that appetitive motivation constitutes a significant factor governing the function of neural regions implicated in aggression, and have implications for understanding clinical disorders of aggression.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Nerve Net, Photic Stimulation, Reward}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0033-08.2008}, author = {Beaver, John D and Lawrence, Andrew D and Passamonti, Luca and Calder, Andrew J} } @article {5271, title = {An assessment of antenatal care among Syrian refugees in Lebanon}, journal = {Confl Health}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, note = {Benage, Matthew
Greenough, P Gregg
Vinck, Patrick
Omeira, Nada
Pham, Phuong
eng
England
2015/03/06 06:00
Confl Health. 2015 Feb 26;9:8. doi: 10.1186/s13031-015-0035-8. eCollection 2015.}, pages = {8}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: After more than three years of violence in Syria, Lebanon hosts over one million Syrian refugees creating significant public health concerns. Antenatal care delivery to tens of thousands of pregnant Syrian refugee women is critical to preventing maternal and fetal mortality but is not well characterized given the multiple factors obtaining health data in a displaced population. This study describes antenatal care access, the scope of existing antenatal care, and antenatal and family planning behaviors and practice among pregnant Syrian refugees in various living conditions and multiple geographic areas of Lebanon. METHODS: A field-based survey was conducted between July and October 2013 in 14 main geographic sites of refugee concentration. The assessment evaluated antenatal services among a non-randomized sample of 420 self-identified pregnant Syrian refugee women that included demographics, gestational age, living accommodation, antenatal care coverage, antenatal care content, antenatal health behaviors, antenatal health literacy, and family planning perception and practices. RESULTS: In total, 420 pregnant Syrian refugees living in Lebanon completed the survey. Of these, 82.9\% (348) received some antenatal care. Of those with at least one antenatal visit, 222 (63.8\%) received care attended by a skilled professional three or more times, 111 (31.9\%) 1-2 times, and 15 (4.3\%) had never received skilled antenatal care. We assessed antenatal care content defined by blood pressure measurement, and urine and blood sample analyses. Of those who had received any antenatal care, only 31.2\% received all three interventions, 18.2\% received two out of three, 32.1\% received one out of three, and 18.5\% received no interventions. Only (41.2\%) had an adequate diet of vitamins, minerals, and folic acid. Access, content and health behaviors varied by gestational age, type of accommodation and location in Lebanon. CONCLUSIONS: Standards of antenatal care are not being met for pregnant Syrian refugee women in Lebanon. This descriptive analysis of relative frequencies suggests reproductive health providers should focus attention on increasing antenatal care visits, particularly to third trimester and late gestational age patients and to those in less secure sheltering arrangements. With this approach they can improve care content by providing early testing and interventions per accepted guidelines designed to improve pregnancy outcomes.}, keywords = {Antenatal, Contraception, Family planning, Lebanon, Refugee, Reproductive health, Syria}, isbn = {1752-1505 (Print)
1752-1505 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1186/s13031-015-0035-8}, author = {Benage, M. and Greenough, P. G. and Vinck, P. and Omeira, N. and Pham, P.} } @article {5451, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Bershteyn, Anna
Lyons, Hil M
Sivam, Dhileep
Myhrvold, Nathan P
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2015/01/27 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Feb;3(2):e79-80. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70382-1.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e79-80}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Bershteyn, A. and Lyons, H. M. and Sivam, D. and Myhrvold, N. P.} } @article {4946, title = {Attending to the mental health of war-affected children: the need for longitudinal and developmental research perspectives}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Comment
Editorial
2011/03/23 06:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;50(4):323-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.008.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {323-5}, keywords = {*Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Developing Countries, *Life Change Events, *Resilience, Psychological, *Social Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*diagnosis}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4796, title = {Addressing health disparities in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents through community-based participatory research: a study in 2 communities}, journal = {Am J Public Health}, volume = {105 Suppl 3}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Frounfelker, Rochelle
Mishra, Tej
Hussein, Aweis
Falzarano, Rita
eng
R24 MD008057/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5R24MD008057-02/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2015/04/24 06:00
Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105 Suppl 3:S475-82. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504. Epub 2015 Apr 23.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {S475-82}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We sought to understand the problems, strengths, and help-seeking behaviors of Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees and determine local expressions of mental health problems among youths in both communities. METHODS: We used qualitative research methods to develop community needs assessments and identify local terms for child mental health problems among Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees in Greater Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts, between 2011 and 2014. A total of 56 Somali Bantu and 93 Bhutanese refugees participated in free list and key informant interviews. RESULTS: Financial and language barriers impeded the abilities of families to assist youths who were struggling academically and socially. Participants identified resources both within and outside the refugee community to help with these problems. Both communities identified areas of distress corresponding to Western concepts of conduct disorders, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous challenges faced by Somali Bantu and Bhutanese youths, as well as strengths and resources that promote resilience. Future steps include using culturally informed methods for identifying those in need of services and developing community-based prevention programs.}, keywords = {*Community-Based Participatory Research, *Health Services Needs and Demand, *Health Status Disparities, *Healthcare Disparities, Adolescent, Bhutan/ethnology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Massachusetts/epidemiology, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/*ethnology, Refugees/*psychology, Somalia/ethnology}, isbn = {1541-0048 (Electronic)
0090-0036 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Frounfelker, R. and Mishra, T. and Hussein, A. and Falzarano, R.} } @article {6582, title = {All children surviving and thriving: re-envisioning UNICEF{\textquoteright}s conceptual framework of malnutrition}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-06-2020}, pages = {e766 - e767}, keywords = {child safety and protection, early learning, health care, nurturing care, policy, responsive care}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30122-4}, url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30122-4/fulltext$\#$.Xs-8qCwZjac.twitter}, author = {Black, Maureen M and Lutter, Chessa K and Trude, Angela C B} } @article {283, title = {Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect.}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {52}, year = {1982}, month = {1982 Oct}, pages = {664-78}, keywords = {Anxiety, Separation, Child, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Ego, Grief, Humans, Infant, Maternal Deprivation, Object Attachment, Personality Development, Research}, issn = {0002-9432}, author = {Bowlby, J} } @article {5866, title = {Association of Perinatal Risk Factors With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Population-Based Birth Cohort, Sibling Control Study}, journal = {JAMA PsychiatryJAMA PsychiatryJAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {73}, number = {11}, year = {2016}, note = {2168-6238
Brander, Gustaf
Rydell, Mina
Kuja-Halkola, Ralf
Fernandez de la Cruz, Lorena
Lichtenstein, Paul
Serlachius, Eva
Ruck, Christian
Almqvist, Catarina
D{\textquoteright}Onofrio, Brian M
Larsson, Henrik
Mataix-Cols, David
Journal Article
United States
JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 1;73(11):1135-1144. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2095.}, month = {Nov 1}, pages = {1135-1144}, edition = {2016/11/03}, abstract = {Importance: Perinatal complications may increase the risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous reports were based on small, retrospective, specialist clinic-based studies that were unable to rigorously control for unmeasured environmental and genetic confounding. Objective: To prospectively investigate a wide range of potential perinatal risk factors for OCD, controlling for unmeasured factors shared between siblings in the analyses. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based birth cohort study included all 2421284 children from singleton births in Sweden from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 1996, who were followed up through December 31, 2013. From the 1403651 families in the cohort, differentially exposed siblings from the 743885 families with siblings were evaluated; of these, 11592 families included clusters of full siblings that were discordant for OCD. Analysis of the data was conducted from January, 26, 2015, to September, 5, 2016. Exposures: Perinatal data were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and included maternal smoking during pregnancy, labor presentation, obstetric delivery, gestational age (for preterm birth), birth weight, birth weight in relation to gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, and head circumference. Main Outcomes and Measures: Previously validated OCD codes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, code F42) in the Swedish National Patient Register. Results: Of 2421284 individuals included in the cohort, 17305 persons were diagnosed with OCD. Of these, 7111 were men (41.1\%). The mean (SD) age of individuals at first diagnosis of OCD was 23.4 (6.5) years. An increased risk for OCD remained after controlling for shared familial confounders and measured covariates (including sex, year of birth, maternal and paternal age at birth, and parity), for smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95\% CI, 1.02-1.58), breech presentation (HR, 1.35; 95\% CI, 1.06-1.71), delivery by cesarean section (HR, 1.17; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.34), preterm birth (HR, 1.24; 95\% CI, 1.07-1.43), birth weight 1501 to 2500 g (HR, 1.30; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.62) and 2501 to 3500 g (HR, 1.08; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.16), being large for gestational age (HR, 1.23; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.45), and Apgar distress scores at 5 minutes (HR, 1.50; 95\% CI, 1.07-2.09). Gestational age and birth weight followed inverse dose-response associations, whereby an increasingly higher risk for OCD was noted in children with a shorter gestational age and lower birth weight. We also observed a dose-response association between the number of perinatal events and increased OCD risk, with HRs ranging from 1.11 (95\% CI, 1.07-1.15) for 1 event to 1.51 (95\% CI, 1.18-1.94) for 5 or more events. Conclusions and Relevance: A range of perinatal risk factors is associated with a higher risk for OCD independent of shared familial confounders, suggesting that perinatal risk factors may be in the causal pathway to OCD.}, keywords = {*Perinatal Care, *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Adolescent, Adult, Apgar Score, Birth Weight, Breech Presentation, Case-Control Studies, Cesarean Section, Cohort Studies, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology/genetics, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/*epidemiology/*etiology/genetics, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Siblings, Sweden, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Young Adult}, isbn = {2168-622x}, doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2095}, author = {Brander, G. and Rydell, M. and Kuja-Halkola, R. and Fernandez de la Cruz, L. and Lichtenstein, P. and Serlachius, E. and Ruck, C. and Almqvist, C. and D{\textquoteright}Onofrio, B. M. and Larsson, H. and Mataix-Cols, D.} } @article {4726, title = {Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence - a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {58}, number = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {Brown, Felicity L
de Graaff, Anne M
Annan, Jeannie
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Review
England
2016/12/13 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;58(4):507-524. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12671. Epub 2016 Dec 10.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {507-524}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. METHODS: A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. RESULTS: Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50\% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, Adolescent, adolescents, armed conflict, Armed Conflicts/*psychology, Child, children, Developing Countries, Exposure to Violence/*psychology, Humans, Mental Health, psychosocial treatment, Psychotherapy/economics/*methods/standards, systematic review, Violence, War, well-being, youth}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Brown, F. L. and de Graaff, A. M. and Annan, J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @book {499, title = {Alternative Life-History Styles of Animals}, year = {2012}, pages = {617}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, organization = {Springer Netherlands}, isbn = {9789400926059}, issn = {9400926057, 9789400926059}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=6Er1CAAAQBAJ\&source=gbs_book_other_versions}, author = {Bruton, M.N.} } @article {300, title = {Adaptive calibration of children{\textquoteright}s physiological responses to family stress: the utility of evolutionary developmental theory: comment on Del Giudice et al. (2012) and Sturge-Apple et al. (2012).}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {806-9}, abstract = {

Children\&$\#$39;s physiological reactions to stress are presented from the broader theoretical perspective of adaptive calibration to the environment, as rooted in life history theory. Del Giudice, Hinnant, Ellis, and El-Sheikh (2012) focus on children\&$\#$39;s physiological responses to a stressful task as a consequence of their history of family stress. Sturge-Apple, Davies, Martin, Cicchetti, and Hentges (2012) focus on the ways that children respond to a novel laboratory manipulation as a combined function of their temperament patterns and the harshness of their parental environment. The theoretical perspective employed provides an overarching framework that not only accounts for the findings presented here but also has heuristic value for future research on responses to early environmental risk. Future work in this area will benefit by inclusion of additional sympathetic nervous system (SNS) markers and neurotransmitters, inclusion of the role of gene expression in adaptive calibration, broader consideration of protective factors in the child\&$\#$39;s environment, and longitudinal work demonstrating the effects of adaptive calibration on children\&$\#$39;s future life history strategies and outcomes.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Biological, Adaptation, Psychological, Autonomic Nervous System, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting, Stress, Psychological, Temperament}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0027477}, author = {Bugental, Daphne Blunt} } @article {7254, title = {Annual Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) 2021}, year = {2021}, institution = {United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC)}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Children and armed conflict, United Nations}, url = {https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437\&Lang=E\&Area=UNDOC\&fbclid=IwAR0FCZ7vX_wm_BvzAgBwDWd6tgrPVfZRc01gGZRfj69oR-FaVLqAHKHk1FQ}, author = {CAAC} } @article {312, title = {Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jul}, pages = {1033-43}, abstract = {

Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98\% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Educational Status, Family, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Adjustment, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Young Adult}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0026644}, author = {Campbell, Frances A and Pungello, Elizabeth P and Burchinal, Margaret and Kainz, Kirsten and Pan, Yi and Wasik, Barbara H and Barbarin, Oscar A and Sparling, Joseph J and Ramey, Craig T} } @article {5870, title = {Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {1939-0599
Campbell, Frances A
Pungello, Elizabeth P
Burchinal, Margaret
Kainz, Kirsten
Pan, Yi
Wasik, Barbara H
Barbarin, Oscar A
Sparling, Joseph J
Ramey, Craig T
R01 HD040817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
6 R40 MC 00254/PHS HHS/United States
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Dev Psychol. 2012 Jul;48(4):1033-43. doi: 10.1037/a0026644. Epub 2012 Jan 16.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1033-43}, edition = {2012/01/19}, abstract = {Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98\% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Early Intervention (Education), *Educational Status, *Social Adjustment, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0026644}, author = {Campbell, F. A. and Pungello, E. P. and Burchinal, M. and Kainz, K. and Pan, Y. and Wasik, B. H. and Barbarin, O. A. and Sparling, J. J. and Ramey, C. T.} } @book {506, title = {Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis}, year = {2005}, pages = {512}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, address = {Boston, MA}, abstract = {

Attachment and bonding are evolved processes; the mechanisms that permit the development of selective social bonds are assumed to be very ancient, based on neural circuitry rooted deep in mammalian evolution, but the nature and timing of these processes and their ultimate and proximate causes are only beginning to be understood. In this Dahlem Workshop Report, scientists from different disciplines\—including anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral biology\—come together to explore the concepts of attachment and bonding from diverse perspectives. In their studies they seek to understand the causes or the consequences of attachment and bonding in general and their different qualities in individual development in particular. They address such questions as biobehavioral processes in attachment and bonding; early social attachment and its influences on later patterns of behavior; bonding later in life; and adaptive and maladaptive (or pathological) outcomes. The studies confirm that social bonds have consequences for virtually all aspects of behavior and may be protective in the face of both physical and emotional challenges.

}, issn = {9780262033480}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/attachment-and-bonding}, author = {C. S. Carter and L. Ahnert and K. E. Grossmann and S. B. Hrdy and M. E. Lamb and S. W. Porges and N. Sachser} } @article {6178, title = {Are the world{\textquoteright}s richest countries family friendly? Policy in the OECD and EU}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {breastfeeding, childcare centres, family policy, OECD/EU countries, parental leave}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/55696/file/Family-friendly\%20policies\%20research\%202019.pdf}, author = {Chzhen, Y. and Gromada, A. and Rees, Gwyther} } @article {336, title = {Annual Research Review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children--past, present, and future perspectives.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {402-22}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Through a process of probabilistic epigenesis, child maltreatment progressively contributes to compromised adaptation on a variety of developmental domains central to successful adjustment. These developmental failures pose significant risk for the emergence of psychopathology across the life course. In addition to the psychological consequences of maltreatment, a growing body of research has documented the deleterious effects of abuse and neglect on biological processes. Nonetheless, not all maltreated children develop maladaptively. Indeed, some percentage of maltreated children develops in a resilient fashion despite the significant adversity and stress they experience.

METHODS: The literature on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is selectively reviewed and criteria for the inclusion of the studies are delineated.

RESULTS: The majority of the research on the contributors to resilient functioning has focused on a single level of analysis and on psychosocial processes. Multilevel investigations have begun to appear, resulting in several studies on the processes to resilient functioning that integrate biological/genetic and psychological domains.

CONCLUSIONS: Much additional research on the determinants of resilient functioning must be completed before we possess adequate knowledge based on a multiple levels of analysis approach that is commensurate with the complexity inherent in this dynamic developmental process. Suggestions for future research on the development of resilient functioning in maltreated children are proffered and intervention implications are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Character, Child, Child Abuse, Epigenesis, Genetic, Forecasting, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Models, Statistical, Personality Development, Psychopathology, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Resilience, Psychological, Social Environment}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x}, author = {Cicchetti, D.} } @article {5873, title = {Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations: a prospective, longitudinal study of parents and children}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {Conger, Rand D
Neppl, Tricia
Kim, Kee Jeong
Scaramella, Laura
DA05347/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
MCJ-109572/PHS HHS/United States
MH00567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH19734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH43270/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH48165/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH51361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):143-60.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {143-60}, edition = {2003/05/09}, abstract = {This investigation examined intergenerational continuities in both angry, aggressive parenting and also the angry, aggressive behavior of children and adolescents. Data from 75 G2 youth (26 men, 49 women, M = 22-years old), their mothers (G1), and their G3 children (47 boys, 28 girls, M = 2.4-years old) were included in the analyses. The prospective, longitudinal design of the study, which included observational and multiinformant measures, overcame many of the methodological limitations found in much of the earlier research on intergenerational transmission. The results demonstrated a direct connection between observed G1 aggressive parenting and observed G2 aggressive parenting from 5 to 7 years later. G2 aggressive behavior as an adolescent and G3 aggressive behavior as a child were related to parenting behavior but not directly to one another. The results were consistent with a social learning perspective on intergenerational continuities in angry and aggressive behaviors.}, keywords = {*Aggression, *Anger, *Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Social Behavior Disorders/*epidemiology/*psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {0091-0627 (Print)
0091-0627}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022570107457}, author = {Conger, R. D. and Neppl, T. and Kim, K. J. and Scaramella, L.} } @article {5874, title = {Addressing diversity and inclusion in the early years in conflict-affected societies: A case study of the Media Initiative for Children - Northern Ireland.}, journal = {Int J Early Years Education}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {263-278}, abstract = {This article reports on the development and systematic evaluation of an innovative early years programme aimed at encouraging young children to respect differences within a deeply divided society that is emerging out of a prolonged period of violent conflict. The programme, the Media Initiative for Children{\textemdash}Northern Ireland, has been the product of a partnership between a US-based organization (the Peace Initiatives Institute) and NIPPA{\textemdash}The Early Years Organisation, and has been supported by academic research and the efforts of a range of voluntary and statutory organizations. It has attempted to encourage young children to value diversity and be more inclusive of those who are different from themselves through the use of short cartoons designed for and broadcast on television as well as specially prepared curricular materials for use in pre-school settings. To date the programme has been delivered through 200 settings to approximately 3500 pre-school children across Northern Ireland. This article describes how the programme was developed and implemented as well as the rigorous approach taken to evaluating its effects on young children{\textquoteright}s attitudes and awareness. Key lessons from this are identified and discussed in relation to future work in this area.}, doi = {10.1080/09669760600880027}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669760600880027}, author = {Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S and Gallagher, T and Harris, P.} } @article {379, title = {An approach to preventing coparenting conflict and divorce in low-income families: strengthening couple relationships and fostering fathers{\textquoteright} involvement.}, journal = {Fam Process}, volume = {46}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {109-21}, abstract = {

In the context of current concern about levels of marital distress, family violence, and divorce, the SFI study is evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention to facilitate the positive involvement of low-income Mexican American and European American fathers with their children, in part by strengthening the men\&$\#$39;s relationships with their children\&$\#$39;s mothers. The study design involves a randomized clinical trial that includes assignment to a 16-week couples group, a 16-week fathers group, or a single-session control group. Couples in both group interventions and the control condition include partners who are married, cohabiting, and living separately but raising a young child together. This article presents the rationale, design, and intervention approach to father involvement for families whose relationships are at risk because of the hardships of their lives, many of whom are manifesting some degree of individual or relationship distress. We present preliminary impressions and qualitative findings based on our experience with 257 families who completed the pretest, and the first 160 who completed one postintervention assessment 9 months after entering the study. Discussion centers on what we have learned and questions that remain to be answered in mounting a multisite preventive intervention to strengthen relationships in low-income families.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Conflict (Psychology), Divorce, Family Therapy, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parenting, Parents, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {0014-7370}, author = {Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A. and Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K.} } @article {171, title = {Aggression in young children with concurrent callous-unemotional traits: can the neurosciences inform progress and innovation in treatment approaches?}, journal = {Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci}, volume = {363}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Aug 12}, pages = {2567-76}, abstract = {

Parenting is the \&$\#$39;clean water\&$\#$39; of healthy psychological development and parenting interventions remain the number one treatment at the individual and community levels for early-onset aggression and antisocial behaviour in children. However, recent progress in child psychopathology research is specifying a number of biological mechanisms that interact with environmental risk to influence pathways into aggression and antisocial behaviour. After a brief review of the parent training literature, we focus on child factors, especially callous-unemotional traits, that parse \&$\#$39;aggressive\&$\#$39; children into more homogeneous groupings, and then review selected ideas about the origins of aggression coming from the neurosciences (such as neurobehavioural responsivity to emotional stimuli; hypothalamic-pituitary axis abnormalities influencing low cortisol and low serotonin production). We review human and, where relevant, animal models of neurobiological system changes with particular attention to developmental timing and interactions with environmental factors, especially parenting. Based on this innovative research, we then discuss a number of ideas that hold potential for interventions. We conclude that the future will see the development of interventions that aim for synergy between specific biological processes and psychological experiences as they unfold developmentally. The use of D-cycloserine in fear extinction and oxytocin in affiliative bonds is used as an example of these futuristic approaches.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Animals, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Emotions, Humans, Neurosciences}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2008.0029}, author = {Dadds, M. R. and Rhodes, T.} } @book {2616, title = {The Age of Empathy: Nature{\textquoteright}s Lessons for a Kinder Society}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Three Rivers Press}, organization = {Three Rivers Press}, isbn = {9780307407771}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Good_natured.html?id=VMYPAQAAIAAJ}, author = {de Waal, F.} } @article {2836, title = {The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {35}, number = {7}, year = {2011}, note = {Del Giudice, Marco
Ellis, Bruce J
Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A
eng
K01 MH077687/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077687-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R21 MH093675/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2010/12/15 06:00
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Jun;35(7):1562-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007. Epub 2010 Dec 8.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {1562-92}, abstract = {This paper presents the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM), an evolutionary-developmental theory of individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system. The stress response system has three main biological functions: (1) to coordinate the organism{\textquoteright}s allostatic response to physical and psychosocial challenges; (2) to encode and filter information about the organism{\textquoteright}s social and physical environment, mediating the organism{\textquoteright}s openness to environmental inputs; and (3) to regulate the organism{\textquoteright}s physiology and behavior in a broad range of fitness-relevant areas including defensive behaviors, competitive risk-taking, learning, attachment, affiliation and reproductive functioning. The information encoded by the system during development feeds back on the long-term calibration of the system itself, resulting in adaptive patterns of responsivity and individual differences in behavior. Drawing on evolutionary life history theory, we build a model of the development of stress responsivity across life stages, describe four prototypical responsivity patterns, and discuss the emergence and meaning of sex differences. The ACM extends the theory of biological sensitivity to context (BSC) and provides an integrative framework for future research in the field.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Biological, *Adaptation, Psychological, *Biological Evolution, *Human Development, *Models, Theoretical, Humans, Individuality, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/*psychology}, isbn = {1873-7528 (Electronic)
0149-7634 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007}, author = {Del Giudice, M. and Ellis, B. J. and Shirtcliff, E. A.} } @article {2901, title = {Attachment for infants in foster care: the role of caregiver state of mind}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {72}, number = {5}, year = {2001}, note = {Dozier, M
Stovall, K C
Albus, K E
Bates, B
eng
52135/PHS HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2001/11/09 10:00
Child Dev. 2001 Sep-Oct;72(5):1467-77.}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1467-77}, abstract = {The concordance between foster mothers{\textquoteright} attachment state of mind and foster infants{\textquoteright} attachment quality was examined for 50 foster mother-infant dyads. Babies had been placed into the care of their foster mothers between birth and 20 months of age. Attachment quality was assessed between 12 and 24 months of age, at least 3 months after the infants{\textquoteright} placement into foster care. The two-way correspondence between maternal state of mind and infant attachment quality was 72\%, kappa = .43, similar to the level seen among biologically intact mother-infant dyads. Contrary to expectations, age at placement was not related to attachment quality. Rather, concordance between maternal state of mind and infant attachment was seen for relatively late-placed babies, as well as early placed babies. These findings have two major implications. First, following a disruption in care during the first year and a half of life, babies appear capable of organizing their behavior around the availability of new caregivers. Second, these data argue for a nongenetic mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of attachment.}, keywords = {*Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Adult, Aged, Caregivers/*psychology, Female, Foster Home Care/*psychology, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior/*psychology, Intergenerational Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reactive Attachment Disorder/psychology}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dozier, M. and Stovall, K. C. and Albus, K. E. and Bates, B.} } @article {5880, title = {Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {125}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, note = {1098-4275
Duke, Naomi N
Pettingell, Sandra L
McMorris, Barbara J
Borowsky, Iris W
T01-DP000112/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
Pediatrics. 2010 Apr;125(4):e778-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0597. Epub 2010 Mar 15.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e778-86}, edition = {2010/03/17}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with significant functional impairment and life lost in adolescence and adulthood. This study identified relationships between multiple types of adverse events and distinct categories of adolescent violence perpetration. METHODS: Data are from 136 549 students in the 6th, 9th, and 12th grades who responded to the 2007 Minnesota Student Survey, an anonymous, self-report survey examining youth health behaviors and perceptions, characteristics of primary socializing domains, and youth engagement. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine if 6 types of adverse experiences including physical abuse, sexual abuse by family and/or other persons, witnessing abuse, and household dysfunction caused by family alcohol and/or drug use were significantly associated with risk of adolescent violence perpetration after adjustment for demographic covariates. An adverse-events score was entered into regression models to test for a dose-response relationship between the event score and violence outcomes. All analyses were stratified according to gender. RESULTS: More than 1 in 4 youth (28.9\%) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experience. The most commonly reported adverse experience was alcohol abuse by a household family member that caused problems. Each type of adverse childhood experience was significantly associated with adolescent interpersonal violence perpetration (delinquency, bullying, physical fighting, dating violence, weapon-carrying on school property) and self-directed violence (self-mutilatory behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt). For each additional type of adverse event reported by youth, the risk of violence perpetration increased 35\% to 144\%. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple types of adverse childhood experiences should be considered as risk factors for a spectrum of violence-related outcomes during adolescence. Providers and advocates should be aware of the interrelatedness and cumulative impact of adverse-event types. Study findings support broadening the current discourse on types of adverse events when considering pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent perpetration of delinquent and violent outcomes.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Child, Child Abuse/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Schools/statistics \& numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/complications/epidemiology/psychology, Suicide, Attempted/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2009-0597}, author = {Duke, N. N. and Pettingell, S. L. and McMorris, B. J. and Borowsky, I. W.} } @article {3036, title = {Abnormal brain connectivity in children after early severe socioemotional deprivation: a diffusion tensor imaging study}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {117}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, note = {Eluvathingal, Thomas J
Chugani, Harry T
Behen, Michael E
Juhasz, Csaba
Muzik, Otto
Maqbool, Mohsin
Chugani, Diane C
Makki, Malek
eng
2006/06/03 09:00
Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2093-100.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {2093-100}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that children who were subjected to early socioemotional deprivation in Romanian orphanages showed glucose hypometabolism in limbic and paralimbic structures, including the orbital frontal gyrus, infralimbic prefrontal cortex, hippocampus/amygdala, lateral temporal cortex, and the brainstem. The present study used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to examine the integrity of white matter tracts that connect these brain regions. METHODS: Fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient for uncinate fasciculus, stria terminalis, fornix, and cingulum were measured in 7 right-handed children (5 girls and 2 boys; mean age: 9.7 +/- 2.6 years) with a history of early severe socioemotional deprivation in Eastern European orphanages and compared with similar measurements in 7 right-handed normal children (4 girls and 3 boys; mean age: 10.7 +/- 2.8 years). RESULTS: Neuropsychological assessment of the orphans verified the relatively mild specific cognitive impairment and impulsivity consistent with previous studies of children who were adopted from Romanian orphanages. Fractional anisotropy values in the left uncinate fasciculus were decreased significantly in the early deprivation group compared with control subjects. Apparent diffusion coefficient values for the early deprivation group tended to be greater than that in control subjects in all of the tracts measured, without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates in children who experienced socioemotional deprivation a structural change in the left uncinate fasciculus that partly may underlie the cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral difficulties that commonly are observed in these children.}, keywords = {*Psychosocial Deprivation, Brain/*pathology/*physiopathology, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Eluvathingal, T. J. and Chugani, H. T. and Behen, M. E. and Juhasz, C. and Muzik, O. and Maqbool, M. and Chugani, D. C. and Makki, M.} } @article {3071, title = {Affiliation buffers stress: cumulative genetic risk in oxytocin-vasopressin genes combines with early caregiving to predict PTSD in war-exposed young children}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {Feldman, R
Vengrober, A
Ebstein, R P
eng
Duplicate Publication
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/03/13 06:00
Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Mar 11;4:e370. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.6.}, pages = {e370}, abstract = {Research indicates that risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is shaped by the interaction between genetic vulnerability and early caregiving experiences; yet, caregiving has typically been assessed by adult retrospective accounts. Here, we employed a prospective longitudinal design with real-time observations of early caregiving combined with assessment of genetic liability along the axis of vasopressin-oxytocin (OT) gene pathways to test G x E contributions to PTSD. Participants were 232 young Israeli children (1.5-5 years) and their parents, including 148 living in zones of continuous war and 84 controls. A cumulative genetic risk factor was computed for each family member by summing five risk alleles across three genes (OXTR, CD38 and AVPR1a) previously associated with psychopathology, sociality and caregiving. Child PTSD was diagnosed and mother-child interactions were observed in multiple contexts. In middle childhood (7-8 years), child psychopathology was re-evaluated. War exposure increased propensity to develop Axis-I disorder by threefold: 60\% of exposed children displayed a psychiatric disorder by middle childhood and 62\% of those showed several comorbid disorders. On the other hand, maternal sensitive support reduced risk for psychopathology. G x E effect was found for child genetic risk: in the context of war exposure, greater genetic risk on the vasopressin-OT pathway increased propensity for psychopathology. Among exposed children, chronicity of PTSD from early to middle childhood was related to higher child, maternal and paternal genetic risk, low maternal support and greater initial avoidance symptoms. Child avoidance was predicted by low maternal support and reduced mother-child reciprocity. These findings underscore the saliency of both genetic and behavioral facets of the human affiliation system in shaping vulnerability to PTSD as well as providing an underlying mechanism of post-traumatic resilience.}, keywords = {*Gene-Environment Interaction, *Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Adult, Child, Child Rearing/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations/*psychology, Receptors, Oxytocin/*genetics, Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*etiology/genetics, Warfare}, isbn = {2158-3188 (Electronic)
2158-3188 (Linking)}, author = {Feldman, R. and Vengrober, A. and Ebstein, R. P.} } @article {363, title = {Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Iranian survivors of chemical warfare.}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {296}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Aug 2}, pages = {560-6}, abstract = {

CONTEXT: In the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, extensive use of chemical weapons resulted in high rates of morbidity and mortality. While much is known about the physical consequences of chemical warfare, there is a paucity of information about the long-term effects of chemical attacks on mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term psychological impact of chemical warfare on a civilian population.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional randomized survey conducted in July 2004 of 153 civilians in 3 towns exposed to warfare in northwestern Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity conventional warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), and Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional warfare and chemical weapons).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Full or partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were assessed using Farsi versions of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton Scale for Anxiety, and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively.

RESULTS: Overall participation rate was 93\%. Respondents had a mean age of 45 years and were all of Kurdish ethnicity. Among individuals exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons, prevalence rates for lifetime PTSD, current PTSD, major anxiety symptoms, and severe depressive symptoms were 59\%, 33\%, 65\%, and 41\%, respectively. Among the low-intensity warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8\%, 2\%, 18\%, and 6\%, respectively, while intermediate rates were found among those exposed to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons (31\%, 8\%, 26\%, and 12\%, respectively). Compared with individuals exposed to low-intensity warfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 18.6; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-59.4), current PTSD (OR, 27.4; 95\% CI, 3.4-218.2), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 14.6; 95\% CI, 6.0-35.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 7.2; 95\% CI, 3.3-15.9). Exposure to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons was also significantly associated with lifetime PTSD (OR, 5.4; 95\% CI, 1.7-17.6), compared with those in the low-intensity warfare group. Further, compared with individuals exposed to high-intensity warfare alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (OR, 3.4; 95\% CI, 1.5-7.4), current PTSD (OR, 6.2; 95\% CI, 2.0-20.1), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.6; 95\% CI, 2.5-12.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 3.7; 95\% CI, 1.8-7.2).

CONCLUSION: Exposure to chemical warfare is an extreme traumatic event that has long-lasting adverse consequences on mental health.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Chemical Warfare, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Survival}, issn = {1538-3598}, doi = {10.1001/jama.296.5.560}, author = {Hashemian, Farnoosh and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Desai, Mayur M and Falahati, Farahnaz and Kasl, Stanislav and Southwick, Steven} } @article {5713, title = {Analyzing social experiments as implemented: A reexamination of the evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {Quant Econom}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter
Yavitz, Adam
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2010/01/01 00:00
Quant Econom. 2010;1(1):1-46.}, pages = {1-46}, abstract = {Social experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Significant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented.We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40.Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study.}, isbn = {1759-7323 (Print)}, author = {Heckman, J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5711, title = {The American Family in Black and White: A Post-Racial Strategy for Improving Skills to Promote Equality}, journal = {Daedalus}, volume = {140}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2012/05/19 06:00
Daedalus. 2011 Spring;140(2):70-89. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00078. Epub 2011 Jul 14.}, month = {Spring}, pages = {70-89}, abstract = {In contemporary America, racial gaps in achievement are primarily due to gaps in skills. Skill gaps emerge early before children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when children enter school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting received. A growing fraction of American children across all race and ethnic groups is being raised in dysfunctional families. Investment in the early lives of children in disadvantaged families will help close achievement gaps. America currently relies too much on schools and adolescent remediation strategies to solve problems that start in the preschool years. Policy should prevent rather than remediate. Voluntary, culturally sensitive support for parenting is a politically and economically palatable strategy that addresses problems common to all racial and ethnic groups.}, isbn = {0011-5266 (Print)
0011-5266 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5987, title = {Alone and unsafe: Children, migration, and sexual and gender-based violence}, year = {2018}, pages = {28}, institution = {IFRC}, address = {Geneva}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child migration, child sexual abuse, gender-based violence, migration, Refugees, sexual violence}, url = {https://childhub.org/en/child-protection-online-library/alone-and-unsafe}, author = {IRFC} } @article {368, title = {Adapting, piloting and evaluating complex public health interventions: lessons learned from the Nurse-Family Partnership in Canadian public health settings.}, journal = {Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Oct-Nov}, pages = {151-9}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is a home-visit program for young and first-time, socially and economically disadvantaged mothers. Evidence from three United States randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of this intervention at improving pregnancy outcomes, improving child health and development, and increasing maternal economic self-sufficiency is robust. However, the effectiveness of the NFP in Canada, with its different health and social care context, needs to be determined. The purpose of this article is to describe the complex process for moving the NFP from the research arena to full implementation in Canada.

METHODS: This process of evaluation in Canada includes (1) adapting the intervention; (2) piloting the intervention in small-scale feasibility and acceptability studies; and (3) conducting an RCT and process evaluation through a study called the British Columbia Healthy Connections Project (BCHCP). This large-scale evaluation also creates an opportunity to expand the NFP evidence base by conducting an additional study to examine potential biological mechanisms linking intervention and behavioural outcomes in children.

RESULTS: Adaptation of the NFP home-visit materials is a continuous process. A pilot project determined that it was feasible to enrol eligible women into the NFP. This pilot also determined that, in Canada, it was most appropriate for public health agencies to implement the NFP and for public health nurses to deliver the intervention. Finally, the pilot showed that this intensive home-visit program was acceptable to clients, their family members and health care providers. Through the BCHCP, the next steps - the RCT and process evaluation - are currently underway. The BCHCP will also set the foundation for long-term evaluation of key public health outcomes in a highly vulnerable population of families.

}, issn = {2368-738X}, author = {Jack, S. M. and Catherine, N. and Gonzalez, A. and MacMillan, H. L. and Sheehan, D. and Waddell, D.} } @article {367, title = {Adaptation and implementation of the nurse-family partnership in Canada.}, journal = {Can J Public Health}, volume = {103}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {eS42-8}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: International agencies are required to adapt, pilot and then evaluate the effectiveness of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) prior to broad implementation of this public health intervention. The objectives of this qualitative case study were to: 1) determine whether the NFP can be implemented in Canada with fidelity to the US model, and 2) identify the adaptations required to increase the acceptability of the intervention for service providers and families.

PARTICIPANTS: 108 low-income, first-time mothers in Hamilton, Ontario, received the NFP intervention. In-depth interviews were conducted with NFP clients (n=38), family members (n=14) and community professionals (n=24).

SETTING: Hamilton, Ontario.INTERVENTION AND DATA COLLECTION: An intensive nurse home visitation program delivered to women starting early in pregnancy and continuing until the child was two years old. Processes to adapt and implement the NFP were explored across seven focus groups with public health nurses and managers. Eighty documents were reviewed to identify implementation challenges. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis.

OUTCOMES: The NFP model elements are acceptable to Canadian health care providers, public health nurses and families receiving the intervention. The primary adaptation required was to reduce nurse caseloads from 25 to 20 active clients. Recommendations for adapting and implementing all model elements are described.

CONCLUSION: The NFP model requires minor adaptations to increase the acceptability of the intervention to Canadian stakeholders. A consistent approach to adapting the NFP program in Canada is necessary as provincial jurisdictions commit themselves to supporting an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the NFP.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Infant, Maternal-Child Nursing, Models, Nursing, Models, Organizational, Ontario, Organizational Case Studies, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Professional-Family Relations, Program Evaluation, Public Health Nursing, Qualitative Research, Vulnerable Populations, Young Adult}, issn = {1920-7476}, author = {Jack, S. M. and Busser, D. and Sheehan, D. and Gonzalez, A. and Zwygers, E. J. and MacMillan, H. L.} } @article {409, title = {Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {337-47}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Adaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in this process of adaptation and resilience, and through a process known as \"allostasis\" can obtain \"stability through change\"; protecting homeostasis in the face of stressors in the environment. Mediators of allostasis, such as glucocorticoids, can cause changes in the structure and function of neural circuits, clearly impacting behavior. How developmental stage interacts with stress and leads to long-lasting changes is a key question addressed in this review.

SCOPE AND METHODS: We discuss the concept of allostasis, its role in resilience, the neural and physiological systems mediating these responses, the modulatory role of development, and the consequences for adult functioning. We present this in the context of mediators the brain and body engage to protect against threats to homeostasis. The review has been informed by comprehensive searches on PubMed and Scopus through November 2012.

FINDINGS: Stressors in the environment can have long lasting effects on development, depending upon the stage of life at which they are experienced. As such, adverse childhood experiences can alter resilience of individuals, making it more difficult for them to respond normally to adverse situations in adulthood, but the brain maintains the capacity to re-enter a more plastic state where such effects can be mitigated.

CONCLUSIONS: The brain regulates responses that allow for adaptation to challenges in the environment. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to stability can be considered as \"resilience\". While adverse childhood experiences can have long-term negative consequences, under the right circumstances, the brain can re-enter plastic states, and negative outcomes may be mitigated, even later in life.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Allostasis, Animals, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Neurotransmitter Agents, Psychophysiology, Resilience, Psychological, Sex Characteristics, Social Environment, Young Adult}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12054}, author = {Karatsoreos, Ilia N and Karatoreos, Ilia N and McEwen, Bruce S} } @article {410, title = {Autonomic substrates of the response to pups in male prairie voles.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {e69965}, abstract = {

Caregiving by nonparents (alloparenting) and fathers is a defining aspect of human social behavior, yet this phenomenon is rare among mammals. Male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) spontaneously exhibit high levels of alloparental care, even in the absence of reproductive experience. In previous studies, exposure to a pup was selectively associated with increased activity in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons along with decreased plasma corticosterone. In the present study, physiological, pharmacological and neuroanatomical methods were used to explore the autonomic and behavioral consequences of exposing male prairie voles to a pup. Reproductively na\ïve, adult male prairie voles were implanted with radiotransmitters used for recording ECG, temperature and activity. Males responded with a sustained increase in heart-rate during pup exposure. This prolonged increase in heart rate was not explained by novelty, locomotion or thermoregulation. Although heart rate was elevated during pup exposure, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) did not differ between these males and males exposed to control stimuli indicating that vagal inhibition of the heart was maintained. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors with atenolol abolished the pup-induced heart rate increase, implicating sympathetic activity in the pup-induced increase in heart rate. Blockade of vagal input to the heart delayed the males\&$\#$39; approach to the pup. Increased activity in brainstem autonomic regulatory nuclei was also observed in males exposed to pups. Together, these findings suggest that exposure to a pup activates both vagal and sympathetic systems. This unique physiological state (i.e. increased sympathetic excitation of the heart, while maintaining some vagal cardiac tone) associated with male caregiving behavior may allow males to both nurture and protect infants.

}, keywords = {Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists, Animals, Atenolol, Autonomic Nervous System, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Heart Rate, Male, Oxytocin, Paternal Behavior, Social Behavior, Vasopressins}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0069965}, author = {Kenkel, William M and Paredes, Jamespaul and Lewis, Gregory F and Yee, Jason R and Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Hossein and Grippo, Angela J and Porges, Stephen W and Carter, C Sue} } @article {5456, title = {Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: two cohorts in two countries}, journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, volume = {2}, number = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Lereya, Suzet Tanya
Copeland, William E
Costello, E Jane
Wolke, Dieter
eng
MH63671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 MH063970/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
DA/MH11301/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
MH63970/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
MC_PC_15018/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
102215/2/13/2/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
R01 MH048085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 MH063671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/09/12 06:00
Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;2(6):524-31. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00165-0. Epub 2015 May 27.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {524-31}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The adult mental health consequences of childhood maltreatment are well documented. Maltreatment by peers (ie, bullying) has also been shown to have long-term adverse effects. We aimed to determine whether these effects are just due to being exposed to both maltreatment and bullying or whether bullying has a unique effect. METHODS: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the UK (ALSPAC) and the Great Smoky Mountains Study in the USA (GSMS) longitudinal studies. In ALSPAC, maltreatment was assessed as physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, or severe maladaptive parenting (or both) between ages 8 weeks and 8.6 years, as reported by the mother in questionnaires, and being bullied was assessed with child reports at 8, 10, and 13 years using the previously validated Bullying and Friendship Interview Schedule. In GSMS, both maltreatment and bullying were repeatedly assessed with annual parent and child interviews between ages 9 and 16 years. To identify the association between maltreatment, being bullied, and mental health problems, binary logistic regression analyses were run. The primary outcome variable was overall mental health problem (any anxiety, depression, or self-harm or suicidality). FINDINGS: 4026 children from the ALSPAC cohort and 1420 children from the GSMS cohort provided information about bullying victimisation, maltreatment, and overall mental health problems. The ALSPAC study started in 1991 and the GSMS cohort enrolled participants from 1993. Compared with children who were not maltreated or bullied, children who were only maltreated were at increased risk for depression in young adulthood in models adjusted for sex and family hardships according to the GSMS cohort (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95\% CI 1.5-11.7). According to the ALSPAC cohort, those who were only being maltreated were not at increased risk for any mental health problem compared with children who were not maltreated or bullied. By contrast, those who were both maltreated and bullied were at increased risk for overall mental health problems, anxiety, and depression according to both cohorts and self-harm according to the ALSPAC cohort compared with neutral children. Children who were bullied by peers only were more likely than children who were maltreated only to have mental health problems in both cohorts (ALSPAC OR 1.6, 95\% CI 1.1-2.2; p=0.005; GSMS 3.8, 1.8-7.9, p<0.0001), with differences in anxiety (GSMS OR 4.9; 95\% CI 2.0-12.0), depression (ALSPAC 1.7, 1.1-2.7), and self-harm (ALSPAC 1.7, 1.1-2.6) between the two cohorts. INTERPRETATION: Being bullied by peers in childhood had generally worse long-term adverse effects on young adults{\textquoteright} mental health. These effects were not explained by poly-victimisation. The findings have important implications for public health planning and service development for dealing with peer bullying. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NARSAD (Early Career Award), and the William T Grant Foundation.}, keywords = {*Bullying, *Mental Health, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/psychology, Child, Cohort Studies, Depression/psychology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, North Carolina, Peer Group, Suicide/psychology, United Kingdom, Young Adult}, isbn = {2215-0374 (Electronic)
2215-0366 (Linking)}, author = {Lereya, S. T. and Copeland, W. E. and Costello, E. J. and Wolke, D.} } @book {540, title = {On Aggression}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, isbn = {9780415283205}, url = {http://monoskop.org/images/d/d0/Lorenz_Konrad_On_Aggression_2002.pdf}, author = {Lorenz, K.} } @article {6010, title = {Association Between Screen Time and Children{\textquoteright}s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test}, journal = {JAMA Pediatrics}, volume = {173}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {244}, issn = {2168-6203}, doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056}, url = {http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056http:///jamapediatrics/article-pdf/173/3/244/17401198/jamapediatrics_madigan_2019_oi_180091.pdf}, author = {Madigan, Sheri and Browne, Dillon and Racine, Nicole and Mori, Camille and Tough, Suzanne} } @article {7305, title = {Accessible Strategies to Support Children{\textquoteright}s Mental Health and Wellbeing in Emergencies:Experience from the Rohingya Refugee Camp}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Nov-06-2022}, pages = {98}, keywords = {children, conflict, ECD, Health, Mental Health, MPHSS ECD, peace, Psychosocial, Refugee, Technology, well-being, youth}, doi = {10.33682/zhd4-5xt710.33682/1cba-5m06}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/62213}, author = {Mansur, Samier} } @article {725, title = {Academic and School Adjustment Outcomes Following Placement in a Developmental First-Grade Program}, journal = {The Journal of Educational Research}, volume = {97}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-11-2003}, pages = {90 - 105}, issn = {0022-0671}, doi = {10.1080/00220670309597512}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220670309597512http://heldref.metapress.com/index/E3625131T311208G.pdf}, author = {Mantzicopoulos, Panayota} } @article {680, title = {Academic Risk and Resilience in the Context of Homelessness}, journal = {Child Development PerspectivesChild Development PerspectivesChild Development Perspectives}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {At2rk
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:40}, month = {Dec}, pages = {201-206}, abstract = {

Family homelessness in the United States has increased over the past two decades, raising concerns about associated risks for child development. In this article, we describe a translational research program focused on academic risk and resilience in homeless and highly mobile children. We find that although these children share many risk factors with other disadvantaged children, they are higher on an underlying continuum of risk. Additionally, marked variability has been observed among children who experience homelessness, both in risk level and achievement, with many children manifesting resilience. We discuss implications for research and efforts to address disparities in achievement.

}, keywords = {Achievement, achievement gap, adversity, childhood, children experiencing homelessness, cumulative risk, executive function, families, highly mobile children, homeless, mobility, reactivity, resilience, stress, success}, isbn = {1750-8592}, doi = {10.1111/cdep.12088}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Cutuli, J. J. and Herbers, J. E. and Hinz, E. and Obradovic, J. and Wenzel, A. J.} } @article {5151, title = {Anthropology and the health of populations--global trends and local contexts}, journal = {Br J Gen Pract}, volume = {52}, number = {481}, year = {2002}, note = {Montag, Doreen
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Russell, Andrew
eng
Congresses
England
2002/08/13 10:00
Br J Gen Pract. 2002 Aug;52(481):691.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {691}, keywords = {*Anthropology, *Public Health, Humans}, isbn = {0960-1643 (Print)
0960-1643 (Linking)}, author = {Montag, D. and Panter-Brick, C. and Russell, A.} } @article {4836, title = {After abduction: exploring access to reintegration programs and mental health status among young female abductees in Northern Uganda}, journal = {Confl Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {Muldoon, Katherine A
Muzaaya, Godfrey
Betancourt, Theresa S
Ajok, Mirriam
Akello, Monica
Petruf, Zaira
Nguyen, Paul
Baines, Erin K
Shannon, Kate
eng
England
2014/05/24 06:00
Confl Health. 2014 May 7;8:5. doi: 10.1186/1752-1505-8-5. eCollection 2014.}, pages = {5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reintegration programs are commonly offered to former combatants and abductees to acquire civilian status and support services to reintegrate into post-conflict society. Among a group of young female abductees in northern Uganda, this study examined access to post-abduction reintegration programming and tested for between group differences in mental health status among young women who had accessed reintegration programming compared to those who self-reintegrated. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analysed interviews from 129 young women who had previously been abducted by the Lords Resistance Army (LRA). Data was collected between June 2011-January 2012. Interviews collected information on abduction-related experiences including age and year of abduction, manner of departure, and reintegration status. Participants were coded as {\textquoteright}reintegrated{\textquoteright} if they reported >/=1 of the following reintegration programs: traditional cleansing ceremony, received an amnesty certificate, reinsertion package, or had gone to a reception centre. A t-test was used to measure mean differences in depression and anxiety measured by the Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI) to determine if abductees who participated in a reintegration program had different mental status from those who self-reintegrated. RESULTS: From 129 young abductees, 56 (43.4\%) had participated in a reintegration program. Participants had been abducted between 1988-2010 for an average length of one year, the median age of abduction was 13 years (IQR:11-14) with escaping (76.6\%), being released (15.6\%), and rescued (7.0\%) being the most common manner of departure from the LRA. Traditional cleansing ceremonies (67.8\%) were the most commonly accessed support followed by receiving amnesty (37.5\%), going to a reception centre (28.6\%) or receiving a reinsertion package (12.5\%). Between group comparisons indicated that the mental health status of abductees who accessed >/=1 reintegration program were not significantly different from those who self-reintegrated (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over 40\% of female abductees in this sample had accessed a reintegration program, however significant differences in mental health were not observed between those who accessed a reintegration program and those who self-reintegrated. The successful reintegration of combatants and abductees into their recipient community is a complex process and these results support the need for gender-specific services and ongoing evaluation of reintegration programming.}, keywords = {Abduction, Mental Health, Northern Uganda, Reintegration, Women}, isbn = {1752-1505 (Print)
1752-1505 (Linking)}, author = {Muldoon, K. A. and Muzaaya, G. and Betancourt, T. S. and Ajok, M. and Akello, M. and Petruf, Z. and Nguyen, P. and Baines, E. K. and Shannon, K.} } @article {6209, title = {Advancing equity in early childhood education. NAEYC position statement}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC}, address = {Washington, DC}, keywords = {Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/naeycadvancingequitypositionstatement.pdf}, author = {NAEYC} } @article {5677, title = {The advisory group of experts report on the 2015 review of the United Nations}, year = {2015}, institution = {Peacebuilding Architecture}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/world/challenge-sustaining-peace-report-advisory-group-experts-2015-review-united-nations}, author = {PeacebuildingArchitecture} } @article {6095, title = {Adaptation and Application of the Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes (MELQO) Framework to Early Childhood Education Settings in Colombia}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {227}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-04-2019}, pages = {105 - 112}, issn = {2190-8370}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000361}, url = {https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000361}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Maldonado-Carre{\~n}o, Carolina and Kagan, Sharon Lynn and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Nieto, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Arag{\'o}n, Carlos Andr{\'e}s and Mateus, Angy and Rodr{\'\i}guez, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Motta, Andr{\'e}s and Varela, Lucero Ramirez and Guerrero, Paola Andrea and Escallon, Eduardo} } @article {5688, title = {Adolescent motherhood and developmental outcomes of children in early head start: the influence of maternal parenting behaviors, well-being, and risk factors within the family setting}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {81}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
Griffin, Kenneth W
Lodise, Michelle
eng
2011/04/14 06:00
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2011 Apr;81(2):228-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01092.x.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {228-45}, abstract = {This longitudinal study examined the influence of parenting behaviors, well-being, and risk factors of low-income adolescent mothers on the cognitive and language abilities of children from infancy to age 3. Participants consisted of 1,240 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Data were collected using structured interviews with the mothers and from videotaped mother-child interactions during play activities when children were approximately 14 months old and again at 36 months of age. Positive parenting behaviors exhibited toward the 14-month-old children predicted gains in both cognitive and language abilities more so than did maternal well-being, risk factors within the family setting, and demographic risk factors. Gains in cognitive abilities from infancy to age 3 were predicted by supportive parenting, higher family resources, and lower family conflict when children were infants. Gains in language abilities were predicted by supportive parenting, support for language and learning in the home environment, and higher family resources when children were infants. Finally, path analyses showed that maternal age had an indirect effect on child cognitive and language abilities at age 3 through effects on parenting behaviors. Older mothers were more likely to be supportive during play at age 14 months, which in turn promoted enhanced developmental outcomes at age 3. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Mother-Child Relations, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Mothers/*psychology, Parenting/*psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Play and Playthings, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1939-0025 (Electronic)
0002-9432 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y. and Griffin, K. W. and Lodise, M.} } @article {5927, title = {Age 26 cost-benefit analysis of the child-parent center early education program}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {82}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {1467-8624
Reynolds, Arthur J
Temple, Judy A
White, Barry A B
Ou, Suh-Ruu
Robertson, Dylan L
R01 HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Child Dev. 2011 Jan-Feb;82(1):379-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01563.x.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {379-404}, edition = {2011/02/05}, abstract = {Using data collected up to age 26 in the Chicago Longitudinal Study, this cost-benefit analysis of the Child-Parent Centers (CPC) is the first for a sustained publicly funded early intervention. The program provides services for low-income families beginning at age 3 in 20 school sites. Kindergarten and school-age services are provided up to age 9 (third grade). Findings from a complete cohort of over 1,400 program and comparison group participants indicated that the CPCs had economic benefits in 2007 dollars that exceeded costs. The preschool program provided a total return to society of $10.83 per dollar invested (18\% annual return). The primary sources of benefits were increased earnings and tax revenues and averted criminal justice system costs. The school-age program had a societal return of $3.97 per dollar invested (10\% annual return). The extended intervention program (4-6 years) had a societal return of $8.24 (18\% annual return). Estimates were robust across a wide range of analyses including Monte Carlo simulations. Males, 1-year preschool participants, and children from higher risk families derived greater benefits. Findings provide strong evidence that sustained programs can contribute to well-being for individuals and society.}, keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Chicago, Child, Child Welfare/economics, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics, Crime/economics/prevention \& control, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Education, Special/economics, Education/*economics, Female, Financing, Government/*economics, Humans, Income, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty/*economics, Prospective Studies, Remedial Teaching/economics, Translational Medical Research, Young Adult}, isbn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01563.x}, author = {Reynolds, A. J. and Temple, J. A. and White, B. A. and Ou, S. R. and Robertson, D. L.} } @article {6130, title = {Applying Self-Regulation Principles in the Delivery of Parenting Interventions}, journal = {Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review}, volume = {22}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {24 - 42}, keywords = {Parenting; Parenting intervention; Parenting support; Self-regulation}, issn = {1096-4037}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-019-00287-z}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10567-019-00287-z}, author = {Sanders, Matthew R. and Turner, Karen M. T. and Metzler, Carol W.} } @article {7231, title = {Advancing justice for children: Innovations to strengthen accountability for violations and crimes affecting children in conflict}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Save the Children}, keywords = {Advocacy, children, gender relevant, governance, justice, policy, violence prevention}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/18908/pdf/advancing_justice_for_children_0.pdf}, author = {SavetheChildren} } @article {207, title = {Adult attachment predicts maternal brain and oxytocin response to infant cues.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Dec}, pages = {2655-66}, abstract = {

Infant cues, such as smiling or crying facial expressions, are powerful motivators of human maternal behavior, activating dopamine-associated brain reward circuits. Oxytocin, a neurohormone of attachment, promotes maternal care in animals, although its role in human maternal behavior is unclear. We examined 30 first-time new mothers to test whether differences in attachment, based on the Adult Attachment Interview, were related to brain reward and peripheral oxytocin response to infant cues. On viewing their own infant\&$\#$39;s smiling and crying faces during functional MRI scanning, mothers with secure attachment showed greater activation of brain reward regions, including the ventral striatum, and the oxytocin-associated hypothalamus/pituitary region. Peripheral oxytocin response to infant contact at 7 months was also significantly higher in secure mothers, and was positively correlated with brain activation in both regions. Insecure/dismissing mothers showed greater insular activation in response to their own infant\&$\#$39;s sad faces. These results suggest that individual differences in maternal attachment may be linked with development of the dopaminergic and oxytocinergic neuroendocrine systems.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cues, Epinephrine, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Norepinephrine, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Reward}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2009.103}, author = {Strathearn, Lane and Fonagy, Peter and Amico, Janet and Montague, P Read} } @article {7084, title = {Averting a lost COVID generation A six-point plan to respond, recover and reimagine a post-pandemic world for every child}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child rights and protection, COVID-19, UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/86881/file/Averting-a-lost-covid-generation-world-childrens-day-data-and-advocacy-brief-2020.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7447, title = {Are Children Really Learning? Exploring foundational skills in the midst of a learning crisis}, year = {2022}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {COVID-19, data and analysis, Early childhood education, gender inequality, Poverty}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/are-children-really-learning-foundational-skills-report/}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {2366, title = {ACTUAR PRONTO PARA CONSTRUIR SOCIEDADES M{\'A}S S{\'O}LIDAS Y PAC{\'I}FICAS (SP)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, abstract = {
Millones de ni\ños y ni\ñas de todo el mundo viven en\ situaciones de conflicto, violencia e inseguridad. En un\ momento en el que aumentan las emergencias y las
crisis prolongadas, UNICEF se compromete a amparar el\ desarrollo de los ni\ños y contribuir al logro de sociedadesresilientes y sostenibles. Consciente de la interconexi\ónentre el desarrollo social y la paz articulada en los nuevosObjetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, UNICEF trabaja con\ diversos asociados dise\ñando intervenciones innovadorassobre el desarrollo del ni\ño en la primera infancia (DNPI)\ a fin de reducir la violencia, promover la paz y ofreceruna base firme sobre la cual los ni\ños puedan crecer y\ convertirse en miembros de la comunidad saludables,\ activos y comprometidos.\ 
}, keywords = {early childhood development, peacebuilding}, url = {sites/default/files/files/03c ECD PB Social Cohesion brief_SPANISH (002).pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5737, title = {Annual report of the UN Special Representative of the Secretary - General on Violence against Children}, year = {2018}, month = {22 January 2018}, keywords = {2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, violence against children}, url = {http://undocs.org/A/HRC/37/48}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {209, title = {Antistress Pattern Induced by Oxytocin.}, journal = {News Physiol Sci}, volume = {13}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 Feb}, pages = {22-25}, abstract = {

Repeated oxytocin injections cause lowered blood pressure, decreased cortisol levels, increased withdrawal latency, increased release of vagally controlled gastrointestinal hormones, and increased weight gain. Together, these effects form an antistress pattern. Nonnoxious sensory stimuli release oxytocin and induce an effect spectrum similar to the one caused by oxytocin injections.

}, issn = {0886-1714}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K.} } @article {5461, title = {Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, note = {Victora, Cesar G
Horta, Bernardo Lessa
Loret de Mola, Christian
Quevedo, Luciana
Pinheiro, Ricardo Tavares
Gigante, Denise P
Goncalves, Helen
Barros, Fernando C
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/03/22 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Apr;3(4):e199-205. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70002-1.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e199-205}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has clear short-term benefits, but its long-term consequences on human capital are yet to be established. We aimed to assess whether breastfeeding duration was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ), years of schooling, and income at the age of 30 years, in a setting where no strong social patterning of breastfeeding exists. METHODS: A prospective, population-based birth cohort study of neonates was launched in 1982 in Pelotas, Brazil. Information about breastfeeding was recorded in early childhood. At 30 years of age, we studied the IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd version), educational attainment, and income of the participants. For the analyses, we used multiple linear regression with adjustment for ten confounding variables and the G-formula. FINDINGS: From June 4, 2012, to Feb 28, 2013, of the 5914 neonates enrolled, information about IQ and breastfeeding duration was available for 3493 participants. In the crude and adjusted analyses, the durations of total breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding (breastfeeding as the main form of nutrition with some other foods) were positively associated with IQ, educational attainment, and income. We identified dose-response associations with breastfeeding duration for IQ and educational attainment. In the confounder-adjusted analysis, participants who were breastfed for 12 months or more had higher IQ scores (difference of 3.76 points, 95\% CI 2.20-5.33), more years of education (0.91 years, 0.42-1.40), and higher monthly incomes (341.0 Brazilian reals, 93.8-588.3) than did those who were breastfed for less than 1 month. The results of our mediation analysis suggested that IQ was responsible for 72\% of the effect on income. INTERPRETATION: Breastfeeding is associated with improved performance in intelligence tests 30 years later, and might have an important effect in real life, by increasing educational attainment and income in adulthood. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, International Development Research Center (Canada), CNPq, FAPERGS, and the Brazilian Ministry of Health.}, keywords = {*Breast Feeding, *Income, *Intelligence, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brazil, Child Development/physiology, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Victora, C. G. and Horta, B. L. and Loret de Mola, C. and Quevedo, L. and Pinheiro, R. T. and Gigante, D. P. and Goncalves, H. and Barros, F. C.} } @article {5276, title = {Association of exposure to intimate-partner physical violence and potentially traumatic war-related events with mental health in Liberia}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {77}, year = {2013}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2012/12/12 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Jan;77:41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.10.026. Epub 2012 Nov 23.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {41-9}, abstract = {Liberia{\textquoteright}s wars between 1989 and 2003 resulted in hundreds of thousands of casualties and millions of victims. Gender-based violence was widespread during the conflict. Since the end of the war, however, little attention has been paid to ongoing violence against women, especially within the household. This research examines the relationships between intimate-partner physical violence, war experiences, and mental health nearly ten years after the end of the war. The study is based on a nationwide cross-sectional, multistage stratified cluster random survey of 4501 adults using structured interviews during a six-week period in November and December 2010. The main outcome measures are prevalence of intimate-partner physical violence, exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events, symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression. Among adult women, 37.7\% (95\%CI, 34.9-40.5; n = 852/2196) reported lifetime exposure to intimate-partner physical violence and 24.4\% (95\%CI, 22.1-26.9; n = 544/2196) reported incidence of intimate-partner physical violence over a one-year recall period. Among men, 23.2\% (95\%CI, 20.8-25.9, n = 475/2094) reported having severely beaten their spouse or partner over their lifetime; the incidence over the one-year recall was 12.2\% (95\%CI, 10.4-14.2, n = 259/2094). Among adult residents in Liberia, 10.6\% (95\%CI, 9.5-11.7, n = 546/4496) met the criteria for symptoms of depression, and 12.6\% (95\% CI, 11.5-13.9, n = 608/4496) met the criteria for symptoms of PTSD. Intimate-partner physical violence as a victim and as a perpetrator was significantly associated with exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events, especially among men. Among women, experiencing intimate-partner physical violence was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression. Among men, perpetrating intimate-partner physical violence was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression after adjusting for exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events. These findings suggest that intimate-partner physical violence may be a continued stressor in post-war societies that needs to be recognized and addressed as part of the reconstruction effort.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression/*epidemiology, Female, Humans, Liberia/epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Qualitative Research, Spouse Abuse/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N.} } @article {5286, title = {Association of exposure to violence and potential traumatic events with self-reported physical and mental health status in the Central African Republic}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {304}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2010/08/05 06:00
JAMA. 2010 Aug 4;304(5):544-52. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1065.}, month = {Aug 4}, pages = {544-52}, abstract = {CONTEXT: For decades, the Central African Republic (CAR) has experienced violence, economic stagnation, and institutional failure. The latest wave of violence erupted in 2001 and continues to this day in some areas. Yet there has been little attention to the conflict and even less research to document and quantify the conflict{\textquoteright}s human cost. OBJECTIVE: To study levels of violence in CAR, including mortality levels, and the association between exposure to violence and traumatic events with self-reported physical and mental health status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multistage stratified cluster random survey of 1879 adults 18 years or older in selected households conducted in 5 administrative units of CAR (3 in the south, which has been free from recent violence, and 2 in the north, in which violence continues) between October and December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, exposure to potential traumatic events, sense of insecurity, and meeting of symptom criteria for depression and anxiety using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 with a cut-off score of 1.75. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate (CMR) was 4.9 deaths (95\% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-5.1) per 1000 population per month and self-reported CMR due to violence was 0.8 deaths (95\% CI, 0.6-1.0) per 1000 population per month. Thirty-five percent reported their physical health status as being good or very good while 29\% described it as bad or very bad. Respondents in northern prefectures reported higher rates of mortality, exposure to trauma, and insecurity and lower levels of physical health and access to health services compared with those in the south. The estimated prevalences of symptoms of depression and anxiety were 55.3\% (95\% CI, 51.6\%-59.0\%) and 52.5\% (95\% CI, 48.1\%-56.8\%), respectively. Exposure to violence and self-reported physical health were statistically associated with mental health outcomes (P < .001). Anxiety symptom scores were higher for respondents in the northern prefectures than those in the south (t = 2.54, P = .01). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of adult respondents in CAR reported witnessing or having personally experienced traumatic events over the course of the conflicts, and more than half met symptom criteria for depression and anxiety.}, keywords = {*Health Status, *Mental Health, Adult, Anxiety/epidemiology, Central African Republic/epidemiology, Depression/epidemiology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mortality/trends, Prevalence, Violence/*psychology, Wounds and Injuries/*psychology}, isbn = {1538-3598 (Electronic)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N.} } @article {5436, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood undernutrition: evidence from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 low-income and middle-income countries}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/08/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Apr;2(4):e225-34. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70025-7. Epub 2014 Mar 27.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e225-34}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Economic growth is widely regarded as a necessary, and often sufficient, condition for the improvement of population health. We aimed to assess whether macroeconomic growth was associated with reductions in early childhood undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS: We analysed data from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 countries done between Jan 1, 1990, and Dec 31, 2011. The sample consisted of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of children aged 0-35 months, and the outcome variables were stunting, underweight, and wasting. The main independent variable was per-head gross domestic product (GDP) in constant prices and adjusted for purchasing power parity. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between changes in per-head GDP and changes in child undernutrition outcomes. Models were adjusted for country fixed effects, survey-year fixed effects, clustering, and demographic and socioeconomic covariates for the child, mother, and household. FINDINGS: Sample sizes were 462,854 for stunting, 485,152 for underweight, and 459,538 for wasting. Overall, 35.6\% (95\% CI 35.4-35.9) of young children were stunted (ranging from 8.7\% [7.6-9.7] in Jordan to 51.1\% [49.1-53.1] in Niger), 22.7\% (22.5-22.9) were underweight (ranging from 1.8\% [1.3-2.3] in Jordan to 41.7\% [41.1-42.3] in India), and 12.8\% (12.6-12.9) were wasted (ranging from 1.2\% [0.6-1.8] in Peru to 28.8\% [27.5-30.0] in Burkina Faso). At the country level, no association was seen between average changes in the prevalence of child undernutrition outcomes and average growth of per-head GDP. In models adjusted only for country and survey-year fixed effects, a 5\% increase in per-head GDP was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.993 (95\% CI 0.989-0.995) for stunting, 0.986 (0.982-0.990) for underweight, and 0.984 (0.981-0.986) for wasting. ORs after adjustment for the full set of covariates were 0.996 (0.993-1.000) for stunting, 0.989 (0.985-0.992) for underweight, and 0.983 (0.979-0.986) for wasting. These findings were consistent across various subsamples and for alternative variable specifications. Notably, no association was seen between per-head GDP and undernutrition in young children from the poorest household wealth quintile. ORs for the poorest wealth quintile were 0.997 (0.990-1.004) for stunting, 0.999 (0.991-1.008) for underweight, and 0.991 (0.978-1.004) for wasting. INTERPRETATION: A quantitatively very small to null association was seen between increases in per-head GDP and reductions in early childhood undernutrition, emphasising the need for direct health investments to improve the nutritional status of children in low-income and middle-income countries. FUNDING: None.}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics/epidemiology/pathology, Child, Preschool, Demography, Female, Growth Disorders/economics/epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Poverty, Prevalence, Thinness/economics/epidemiology, Wasting Syndrome/economics/epidemiology}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {5466, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition--authors{\textquoteright} reply}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2015/01/27 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Feb;3(2):e81. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70380-8.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e81}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {5431, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition--Authors{\textquoteright} reply}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {9}, year = {2014}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2014/10/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Sep;2(9):e501-e502. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70268-2. Epub 2014 Aug 27.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {e501-e502}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {4076, title = {The association between 2D:4D ratio and cognitive empathy is contingent on a common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576).}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {58}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Aug}, pages = {23-32}, abstract = {

Both testosterone and oxytocin influence an individual{\textquoteright}s accuracy in inferring another{\textquoteright}s feelings and emotions. Fetal testosterone, and the second-to-forth digit ratio (2D:4D) as its proxy, plays a role in social cognitive development, often by attenuating socio-affective skill. Conversely, oxytocin generally facilitates socio-affiliative and empathic cognition and behavior. A common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene, OXTR rs53576, has been repeatedly linked with psychosocial competence, including empathy, with individuals homozygous for the G allele typically characterized by enhanced socio-cognitive skills compared to A allele carriers. We examined the role of oxytocin and testosterone in collectively contributing to individual differences in cognitive empathy as measured by Baron-Cohen{\textquoteright}s "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" task (RMET). Findings are based on a large cohort of male and female students (N=1463) of Han Chinese ethnicity. In line with existing literature, women outperformed men in the RMET. Men showed significantly lower 2D:4D ratio compared to women, indicating higher exposure to testosterone during the prenatal period. Interestingly, variation in the OXTR gene was found to interact with 2D:4D to predict men{\textquoteright}s (but not women{\textquoteright}s) RMET performance. Among men with GG allelic variation, those with low fetal testosterone performed better on the RMET, compared to men with GG and high fetal testosterone, suggesting greater identification of another{\textquoteright}s emotional state. Taken together, our data lend unique support to the mutual influence of the oxytocin and testosterone systems in shaping core aspect of human social cognition early in development, further suggesting that this effect is gender-specific.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Anthropometry, Cognition, Empathy, Female, Fingers, Genetic Association Studies, Genotype, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Oxytocin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.007}, author = {Weisman, O. and Pelphrey, K. A. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Lu, Y. and Chong, A. and Chen, Y. and Monakhov, M. and Chew, S. H. and Ebstein, R. P.} } @article {5854, title = {Autonomous and dependent{\textendash}The dichotomy of birth: A feminist analysis of birth plans in Sweden}, journal = {Midwifery}, volume = {68}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-01-2019}, pages = {56 - 64}, issn = {02666138}, doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2018.10.008}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266613818303048https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0266613818303048?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0266613818303048?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Westergren, Agneta and Edin, Kerstin and Walsh, Denis and Christianson, Monica} } @article {693, title = {Accelerating Language-Development through Picture Book Reading}, journal = {Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, note = {P0266
Times Cited:338
Cited References Count:38}, month = {Jul}, pages = {552-559}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552}, author = {Whitehurst, G. J. and Falco, F. L. and Lonigan, C. J. and Fischel, J. E. and Debaryshe, B. D. and Valdezmenchaca, M. C. and Caulfield, M.} } @article {5126, title = {Advancing Methods in Research on Asian American Children and Youth}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Mistry, Rashmita
Wang, Yijie
eng
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):1033-50. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12576.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1033-50}, abstract = {Asian American children and youth constitute at the same time an immigrant group, a set of ethnic groups, and a set of cultural groups. Research on these populations can therefore take on one or more of these perspectives. This article provides guidance for research methods in three areas: (a) conceptualizing and assessing migration-related factors, (b) assessing ethnicity and national origin, and (c) using culturally and contextually relevant measures. Methodological recommendations are made for each area, with attention to small-scale studies with community samples as well as large-scale data sets. In addition, this article recommends researchers attend to within-group variations (i.e., intersections of ethnicity, generational status, gender, class, sexuality), the embeddedness of individual development in context, and specificity of developmental periods.}, keywords = {*Acculturation, *Asian Americans, *Emigrants and Immigrants, *Human Development, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Research/*standards}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Mistry, R. and Wang, Y.} } @article {5111, title = {Access to institutional resources as a measure of social exclusion: relations with family process and cognitive development in the context of immigration}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2008}, number = {121}, year = {2008}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Godfrey, Erin B
Rivera, Ann C
eng
Comparative Study
2008/09/17 09:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2008 Fall;2008(121):63-86. doi: 10.1002/cd.223.}, month = {Fall}, pages = {63-86}, abstract = {Few studies have examined how experiences associated with being an undocumented immigrant parent affects children{\textquoteright}s development. In this article, the authors apply social exclusion theory to examine how access to institutional resources that require identification may matter for parents and children in immigrant families. As hypothesized, groups with higher proportions of undocumented parents in New York City (e.g., Mexicans compared to Dominicans) reported lower levels of access to checking accounts, savings accounts, credit, and drivers{\textquoteright} licenses. Lack of access to such resources, in turn, was associated with higher economic hardship and psychological distress among parents, and lower levels of cognitive ability in their 24-month-old children.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Emigrants and Immigrants, *Parents, Acculturation, Adult, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Dominican Republic, Eligibility Determination/*statistics \& numerical data, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Services Accessibility/statistics \& numerical data, Hispanic Americans/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, mexico, New York City, Poverty/*statistics \& numerical data, Sampling Studies, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Godfrey, E. B. and Rivera, A. C.} } @article {5771, title = {ANYAS special Issue | Implementation research and practice for early childhood development 2018i}, year = {2018}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17496632/2018/1419/1}, author = {Yousafzai, A. and Aboud, F. E. and Nores, M. and Britto, P. R.} }