@article {5883, title = {A Prospective Cohort Study of Influences on Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: Results From a Nurse Home Visiting Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Enoch, Mary-Anne
Kitzman, Harriet
Smith, Joyce A
Anson, Elizabeth
Hodgkinson, Colin A
Goldman, David
Olds, David L
K05 MH001382/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD043492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH068790/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
ZIA AA000306-10/NULL/International
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 May;55(5):376-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007. Epub 2016 Mar 2.}, month = {May}, pages = {376-82}, edition = {2016/04/30}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigated genetic and environmental influences on behavior in a cohort of 600 children followed prenatally to 18 years. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial of prenatal/infancy nurse home visits (NHV) was conducted in 600 predominantly African American mothers and their firstborn children from Memphis, TN. Mothers were assessed in pregnancy for mental health (MH), self-efficacy, and mastery. Mothers reported longitudinally on smoking and alcohol/drug use. The functional polymorphisms SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, FKBP5 rs1360780 and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 were genotyped together with 186 ancestry informative markers. Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores from the mother-report Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were included as dependent variables in regression analyses for time points 2, 6, 12, and 18 years. RESULTS: Behaviors at younger ages strongly predicted later behaviors (p < .0001). Children whose mothers had high self-efficacy and had received NHV were better behaved at age 2 years. Poorer maternal MH adversely influenced ED up to 12 years, but at age 18 years, maternal mastery exerted a strong, positive effect (p = .0001). Maternal smoking was associated with worse ED at 6 and 18 years. Main and interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms varied across childhood: FKBP5 rs1360780 up to age 6, 5-HTTLPR from 6 to 12, and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 from 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that maternal MH and resilience measured in pregnancy have long-lasting effects on child behavior. Maternal smoking across childhood and genetic factors also play a role. NHV had a positive effect on early behavior. Our findings have implications for prevention of pathological behaviors in adulthood. Clinical trial registration information-Age-17 Follow-Up of Home Visiting Intervention; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00708695.}, keywords = {*5-httlpr, *Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, *drd2/ankk1, *fkbp5, *nurse home visiting, *Self Efficacy, Adolescent, African Americans/*statistics \& numerical data, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, Mothers/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Tennessee/epidemiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007}, author = {Enoch, M. A. and Kitzman, H. and Smith, J. A. and Anson, E. and Hodgkinson, C. A. and Goldman, D. and Olds, D. L.} }