@article {5869, title = {Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {9}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Browne, Heidi A
Modabbernia, Amirhossein
Buxbaum, Joseph D
Hansen, Stefan N
Schendel, Diana E
Parner, Erik T
Reichenberg, Abraham
Grice, Dorothy E
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;55(9):784-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jul 21.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {784-91}, edition = {2016/08/28}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We assessed the role of prenatal maternal smoking in risk for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder (TS/CT) and pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: In an analysis of 73,073 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, we calculated incidence rates (IR) per 1,000 person-year for TS/CT and OCD. We then determined crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95\% CIs associated with prenatal maternal smoking, considering smoking as a dichotomous (yes/no) variable or a stratified variable (no smoking, light smoking, and heavy smoking [>/=10 cigarettes/day]). Additional analyses examined the effect of maternal smoking on risk for TS/CT with other comorbid psychiatric conditions. RESULTS: In final adjusted analyses, heavy smoking was associated with a 66\% increased risk for TS/CT (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66, 95\% CI = 1.17-2.35). In addition, heavy smoking was associated with a 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both light and heavy smoking were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with any non-ADHD psychiatric comorbidity. Our parallel analyses of pediatric-onset OCD were likely underpowered but showed similar relationships. CONCLUSION: Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with increased risk for TS/CT as well as TS/CT with comorbid psychiatric conditions, even after adjustment for several important variables, including maternal psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and partner smoking. Our findings point to a pathway linking prenatal tobacco exposure and altered brain development to TS/CT.}, keywords = {*chronic tic disorder, *obsessive-compulsive disorder, *prenatal, *smoking, *Tourette syndrome, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Denmark/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology/*etiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*chemically induced/epidemiology, Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology, Tic Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology, Tourette Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010}, author = {Browne, H. A. and Modabbernia, A. and Buxbaum, J. D. and Hansen, S. N. and Schendel, D. E. and Parner, E. T. and Reichenberg, A. and Grice, D. E.} }