@article {5071, title = {Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the U.S.: Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Slopen, Natalie
Shonkoff, Jack P
Albert, Michelle A
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Jacobs, Aryana
Stoltz, Rebecca
Williams, David R
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
2015/09/08 06:00
Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013. Epub 2015 Sep 2.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {47-56}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Childhood adversity is an under-addressed dimension of primary prevention of disease in children and adults. Evidence shows racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of childhood adversity in the U.S., yet data on the interaction of race/ethnicity and SES for exposure risk is limited, particularly with consideration of immigration history. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in nine adversities among children (from birth to age 17 years) in the National Survey of Child Health (2011-2012) and determined how differences vary by immigration history and income (N=84,837). METHODS: We estimated cumulative adversity and individual adversity prevalences among white, black, and Hispanic children of U.S.-born and immigrant parents. We examined whether family income mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and exposure to adversities, and tested interactions (analyses conducted in 2014-2015). RESULTS: Across all groups, black and Hispanic children were exposed to more adversities compared with white children, and income disparities in exposure were larger than racial/ethnic disparities. For children of U.S.-born parents, these patterns of racial/ethnic and income differences were present for most individual adversities. Among children of immigrant parents, there were few racial/ethnic differences for individual adversities and income gradients were inconsistent. Among children of U.S.-born parents, the Hispanic-white disparity in exposure to adversities persisted after adjustment for income, and racial/ethnic disparities in adversity were largest among children from high-income families. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous consideration of multiple social statuses offers promising frameworks for fresh thinking about the distribution of disease and the design of targeted interventions to reduce preventable health disparities.}, keywords = {*Continental Population Groups, *Health Status Disparities, Adolescent, Child, Child Welfare/*ethnology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Ethnic Groups/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Income/*statistics \& numerical data, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States}, isbn = {1873-2607 (Electronic)
0749-3797 (Linking)}, author = {Slopen, N. and Shonkoff, J. P. and Albert, M. A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Jacobs, A. and Stoltz, R. and Williams, D. R.} }