@article {4516, title = {Primary parental preoccupation: circuits, genes, and the crucial role of the environment}, journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, year = {2004}, note = {Leckman, J F
Feldman, R
Swain, J E
Eicher, V
Thompson, N
Mayes, L C
eng
DA00222/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA06025/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
HD03008/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
MH30929/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
MH49351/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
RR06022/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
Austria
2004/06/19 05:00
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Jul;111(7):753-71. doi: 10.1007/s00702-003-0067-x. Epub 2004 Feb 4.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {753-71}, abstract = {Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may reflect both an individual{\textquoteright}s genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for as a child. This review first examines the mental and behavioral elements of early parental caregiving in humans. Second, we consider what is known about the neurobiological substrates of maternal behaviors in mammalian species including some limited human data. Third, we briefly review the evidence that specific genes encode proteins that are crucial for the development of the neural substrates that underlie specific features of maternal behavior. Fourth, we review the emerging literature on the "programming" role of the intrauterine environment and postnatal caregiving environment in shaping subsequent maternal behavior. We conclude that there are critical developmental windows during which the genetically determined microcircuitry of key limbic-hypothalamic-midbrain structures are susceptible to early environmental influences and that these influences powerfully shape an individual{\textquoteright}s responsivity to psychosocial stressors and their resiliency or vulnerability to various forms of human psychopathology later in life.}, keywords = {*Environment, *Parent-Child Relations, Human Development/physiology, Humans, Maternal Behavior/*physiology, Nerve Net/*physiology}, isbn = {0300-9564 (Print)
0300-9564 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E. and Eicher, V. and Thompson, N. and Mayes, L. C.} }