@article {172,
	title = {The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {328},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Jun 11},
	pages = {1408-11},
	abstract = {<p>Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a \&quot;tend and defend\&quot; response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.</p>
},
	keywords = {Aggression, Altruism, Conflict (Psychology), Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Double-Blind Method, Game Theory, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Oxytocin, Trust, Young Adult},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1189047},
	author = {De Dreu, Carsten K W and Greer, Lindred L and Handgraaf, Michel J J and Shalvi, Shaul and Van Kleef, Gerben A and Baas, Matthijs and Ten Velden, Femke S and Van Dijk, Eric and Feith, Sander W W}
}
