@article {5944, title = {G20 Initiative for Early Childhood Development: Building human capital to break the cycle of poverty and inequality}, year = {2018}, keywords = {early childhood development, G20}, url = {http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2018/g20_initiative_for_early_childhood_development.pdf}, author = {G20} } @article {5817, title = {Global Education Monitoring Report 2019: Migration, displacement and education: Building bridges, not walls}, year = {2018}, institution = {UNESCO Publishing}, address = {Paris}, keywords = {Education, Global Education Monitoring Report, migration and displacement}, url = {https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2019/migration}, author = {UNESCO} } @article {5778, title = {Cities Welcoming Refugees \& Migrants: Enhancing effective urban governance in an age of migration}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNESCO}, address = {Paris, France}, keywords = {refugees and migrants, urban governance}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002465/246558e.pdf}, author = {UNESCO} } @article {6934, title = {Framework for reopening schools}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {COVID-19, Education, school safety, Schools}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Framework-for-reopening-schools-2020.pdf}, author = {UNESCO and UNICEF and WorldBank and WorldFoodProgram and UNHCR} } @article {6085, title = {Global Peace Index 2019: Measuring peace in a complex world}, year = {2019}, institution = {Institute for Economics \& Peace}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, keywords = {climate change, economic impact of violence, global peace, negative peace, peace, positive peace}, url = {http://visionofhumanity.org/app/uploads/2019/07/GPI-2019web.pdf}, author = {InstituteEconomics\&Peace} } @inbook {470, title = {Social Protection and Welfare Systems: Implications for Early Childhood Development}, booktitle = {Handbook of Early Childhood Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy}, year = {2013}, pages = {260-274}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, organization = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/handbook-of-early-childhood-development-research-and-its-impact-on-global-policy-9780199922994?cc=us\&lang=en\&$\#$}, author = {L. Aber and L. Biersteker and A. Dawes and L. Rawlings}, editor = {P. R. Britto et. al} } @article {222, title = {Evaluation of an early childhood parenting programme in rural Bangladesh.}, journal = {J Health Popul Nutr}, volume = {25}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {3-13}, abstract = {

To promote physical and mental development of children, parenting education programmes in developing countries focus on specific practices such as age-appropriate responsive stimulation and feeding. A programme delivered to groups of poor mothers of children, aged less than three years, in rural Bangladesh was evaluated using an intervention-control post-test design. Mothers (n=170) who had attended a year of educational sessions and their children were compared with those (n=159) from neighbouring villages who did not have access to such a programme. After covariates were controlled, the parenting mothers obtained higher scores on a test of child-rearing knowledge and on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory of stimulation. The parenting mothers did not communicate differently with their children while doing a picture-talking task, and children did not show benefits in nutritional status or language comprehension. Parenting sessions offered by peer educators were informative and participatory, yet they need to include more practice, problem-solving, and peer-support if information is to be translated into behaviour.

}, keywords = {Adult, Bangladesh, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Behavior, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Intervention Studies, Male, Mothers, Parenting, Parents, Program Evaluation, Social Support}, issn = {1606-0997}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013259/}, author = {Aboud, F. E.} } @inbook {5471, title = {Very Early Childhood Development}, booktitle = {Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2)}, year = {2016}, note = {Black, Robert E
Laxminarayan, Ramanan
Temmerman, Marleen
Walker, Neff
Aboud, Frances E
Yousafzai, Aisha K
Review
Book Chapter}, address = {Washington (DC)}, abstract = {Discusses mental development from birth to age 24 months in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on cognitive and language domains, while touching on socioemotional, fine motor, and gross motor development, by (1) describing the measurement of these domains in order to provide an operational definition of the term mental development: (2) examining conditions that derail early child development, which arise during the prenatal period and continue throughout the next 24 months; and (3) presenting the results of several systematic reviews and meta-analyses to show the effects of stimulation and nutrition, along with disease-related interventions to promote mental development. The risk factors of greatest importance concern low-quality psychosocial stimulation at home; inadequate child nutrition; infections from environmental vectors, such as trachoma and malaria; and maternal nutrition and mental health during the first 1,000 days. Interventions include psychosocial stimulation, prenatal and postnatal nutrition, improvements in the physical environment, and maternal mental health care.}, keywords = {access to health services, Child Development, child health, childhood diseases, cognitive development, health outcomes, infancy, malnutrition, Mental Health, nutrition, Postnatal Care, Quality of Health Care}, isbn = {9781464803482
9781464803680}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0348-2_ch13}, author = {Aboud, F. E. and Yousafzai, A. K.}, editor = {Black, R. E. and Laxminarayan, R. and Temmerman, M. and Walker, N.} } @book {473, title = {Medical Humanitarianism: Ethnographies of Practice}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Penn University Press}, organization = {Penn University Press}, url = {http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15407.html}, author = {S. Abramowitz and C. Panter-Brick} } @article {223, title = {Medical humanitarianism: anthropologists speak out on policy and practice.}, journal = {Med Anthropol Q}, volume = {29}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Mar}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

In recent years, anthropologists have become increasingly present in medical humanitarian situations as scholars, consultants, and humanitarian practitioners and have acquired insight into medical humanitarian policy and practice. In 2012, we implemented a poll on anthropology, health, and humanitarian practice in which 75 anthropologists discussed their experiences in medical humanitarianism. Our goal was to move beyond the existing anarchy of individual voices in anthropological writing and gain an aggregate view of the perspective of anthropologists working in medical humanitarian contexts. Responses lead to six inductively derived thematic priorities. The findings illustrate how anthropologists perceive medical humanitarian practice; which aspects of medical humanitarianism should be seen as priorities for anthropological research; and how anthropologists use ethnography in humanitarian contexts.

}, issn = {0745-5194}, doi = {10.1111/maq.12139}, url = {https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/maq.12139}, author = {Abramowitz, S. and Marten, M. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {6251, title = {Empathy an invaluable natural resource for peace}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Foundation Child}, address = {Rome, Italy}, keywords = {conflict resolution, Empathy, peace-building, reconciliation}, url = {http://www.empathy-for-peace.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Empathy-4.pdf}, author = {Abu-Akel, A. and Armour, E. and Baron-Cohen, S. and Charnalia, N. and Leckman, J. and Rounthwaite. D. and Staiti, H.} } @inbook {5669, title = {Linking peacebuilding and child development: A basic framework}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {323 - 338}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {17}, abstract = {This chapter addresses debates in the field of peacebuilding, with a focus on conflict resolution and peace education. Strategies in conflict resolution and peace education which can be applied as mechanisms to promote peace-oriented behaviors in young children are shared. Peace education studies conducted in the early years of life are reviewed and a call for investment in education programs that promote healthy children in peaceful communities is advocated. This chapter encourages dialog on best methods and strategies to utilize the knowledge in peacebuilding and conflict resolution in early childhood development.}, keywords = {conflict resolution, early childhood interventions, peace education, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0017}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Nasser, Ilham}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @book {474, title = {Dialogue, Conflict Resolution, and Change: Arab-Jewish Encounters in Israel}, year = {1999}, publisher = {State University of New York Press}, organization = {State University of New York Press}, isbn = {9780791441541}, url = {http://www.sunypress.edu/p-2959-dialogue-conflict-resolution-an.aspx}, author = {Abu-Nimer, M.} } @book {7311, title = {Evaluating Interreligious Peacebuilding and Dialogue}, year = {2021}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, organization = {De Gruyter}, keywords = {Interreligious and Intercultural peacebuilding, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.1515/9783110624625}, url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110624625/html}, editor = {Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Nelson, Ren{\'a}ta Katalin} } @article {629, title = {Forgiveness in The Arab and Islamic Contexts}, journal = {Journal of Religious Ethics}, volume = {41}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-09-2013}, pages = {474 - 494}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jore.12025}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jore.12025}, author = {Abu-Nimer, M. and Nasser, I.} } @article {226, title = {Hippocampal dysfunction effects on context memory: possible etiology for posttraumatic stress disorder.}, journal = {Neuropharmacology}, volume = {62}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Feb}, pages = {674-85}, abstract = {

Hippocampal volume reductions and functional impairments are reliable findings in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) imaging studies. However, it is not clear if and how hippocampal dysfunction contributes to the etiology and maintenance of PTSD. Individuals with PTSD are often described as showing fear responses to trauma reminders outside of contexts in which these cues would reasonably predict danger. Animal studies suggest that the hippocampus is required to form and recall associations between contextual stimuli and aversive events. For example, the hippocampus is critical for encoding memories in which a complex configuration of multiple cues is associated with the aversive event. Conversely, the hippocampus is not required for associations with discrete cues. In animal studies, if configural memory is disrupted, learning strategies using discrete cue associations predominate. These data suggest poor hippocampal function could bias the organism toward forming multiple simple cue associations during trauma, thus increasing the chances of fear responses in multiple environments (or contexts) in which these cues may be present. Here we will examine clinical and preclinical literature to support a theory of hippocampal dysfunction as a primary contributory factor to the etiology of PTSD, and discuss future research required to test these hypotheses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled \&$\#$39;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder\&$\#$39;.

}, keywords = {Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {1873-7064}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.029}, author = {Acheson, D. T. and Gresack, J. E. and Risbrough, V. B.} } @article {225, title = {The effect of intranasal oxytocin treatment on conditioned fear extinction and recall in a healthy human sample.}, journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)}, volume = {229}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Sep}, pages = {199-208}, abstract = {

RATIONALE: To improve outcomes for patients undergoing extinction-based therapies (e.g., exposure therapy) for anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there has been interest in identifying pharmaceutical compounds that might facilitate fear extinction learning and recall. Oxytocin (OT) is a mammalian neuropeptide that modulates activation of fear extinction-based neural circuits and fear responses. Little is known, however, about the effects of OT treatment on conditioned fear responding and extinction in humans.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of OT in a fear-potentiated startle task of fear conditioning and extinction.

METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 44 healthy human participants was conducted. Participants underwent a conditioned fear acquisition procedure, after which they were randomized to treatment group and delivered OT (24\ IU) or placebo via intranasal (IN) spray. Forty-five minutes after treatment, participants underwent extinction training. Twenty-four hours later, subjects were tested for extinction recall.

RESULTS: Relative to placebo, the OT group showed increased fear-potentiated startle responding during the earliest stage of extinction training relative to placebo; however, all treatment groups showed the same level of reduced responding by the end of extinction training. Twenty-four hours later, the OT group showed significantly higher recall of extinction relative to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides preliminary evidence that OT may facilitate fear extinction recall in humans. These results support further study of OT as a potential adjunctive treatment for extinction-based therapies in fear-related disorders.

}, keywords = {Adult, Conditioning (Psychology), Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, Oxytocin, Reflex, Startle, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult}, issn = {1432-2072}, doi = {10.1007/s00213-013-3099-4}, author = {Acheson, D. and Feifel, D. and de Wilde, S. and McKinney, R. and Lohr, J. and Risbrough, V.} } @article {228, title = {Role of the amygdala in processing visual social stimuli.}, journal = {Prog Brain Res}, volume = {156}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {363-78}, abstract = {

We review the evidence implicating the amygdala as a critical component of a neural network of social cognition, drawing especially on research involving the processing of faces and other visual social stimuli. We argue that, although it is clear that social behavioral representations are not stored in the amygdala, the most parsimonious interpretation of the data is that the amygdala plays a role in guiding social behaviors on the basis of socioenvironmental context. Thus, it appears to be required for normal social cognition. We propose that the amygdala plays this role by attentionally modulating several areas of visual and somatosensory cortex that have been implicated in social cognition, and in helping to direct overt visuospatial attention in face gaze. We also hypothesize that the amygdala exerts attentional modulation of simulation in somatosensory cortices such as supramarginal gyrus and insula. Finally, we argue that the term emotion be broadened to include increased attention to bodily responses and their representation in cortex.

}, keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Attention, Expressed Emotion, Facial Expression, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Social Behavior}, issn = {0079-6123}, doi = {10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56020-0}, author = {Adolphs, Ralph and Spezio, Michael} } @article {227, title = {The social brain: neural basis of social knowledge.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {60}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {693-716}, abstract = {

Social cognition in humans is distinguished by psychological processes that allow us to make inferences about what is going on inside other people-their intentions, feelings, and thoughts. Some of these processes likely account for aspects of human social behavior that are unique, such as our culture and civilization. Most schemes divide social information processing into those processes that are relatively automatic and driven by the stimuli, versus those that are more deliberative and controlled, and sensitive to context and strategy. These distinctions are reflected in the neural structures that underlie social cognition, where there is a recent wealth of data primarily from functional neuroimaging. Here I provide a broad survey of the key abilities, processes, and ways in which to relate these to data from cognitive neuroscience.

}, keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Biological Evolution, Brain, Brain Mapping, Empathy, Facial Expression, Humans, Nerve Net, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Personal Construct Theory, Prefrontal Cortex, Self Concept, Social Behavior}, issn = {0066-4308}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514}, author = {Adolphs, Ralph} } @article {4101, title = {On the absence of a {\textquoteleft}Socio-emotional Enablement{\textquoteright} discourse component in international socio-economic development thought}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-12-2004}, pages = {424 - 436}, issn = {02839318}, doi = {10.1111/scs.2004.18.issue-410.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00303.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/scs.2004.18.issue-4http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00303.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fj.1471-6712.2004.00303.x}, author = {Affolter, Friedrich W.} } @book {6304, title = {Learning for Peace: Lessons learned from UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education, and Advocacy in Conflict-Affected Context Programme}, year = {2019}, pages = {219 - 239}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

}, isbn = {978-3-030-22175-1}, issn = {2197-5779}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-22176-810.1007/978-3-030-22176-8_14}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-22176-8}, author = {Affolter, Friedrich W. and Azaryeva Valente, Anna}, editor = {Balvin, Nikola and Christie, Daniel J.} } @article {6346, title = {Life skills and financial education for peace}, year = {2019}, institution = {Aflatoun International}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {harmony, peace, peacebuilder, serenity, Violence, War}, url = {https://www.aflatoun.org/curricula/life-skills-financial-education-peace/}, author = {Aflatoun} } @article {7178, title = {The Role of the Health Sector in Advancing Nurturing Care: AKDN Syria{\textquoteright}s Implementation of Care for Child Development}, year = {2021}, institution = {Aga Khan Foundation}, keywords = {early childhood, Health, nutrition}, url = {https://akflearninghub.org/documents/the-role-of-the-health-sector-in-advancing-nurturing-care-akdn-syrias-implementation-of-care-for-child-development/}, author = {AgaKhanFoundation} } @article {595, title = {Resilience {\textendash} From Conceptualization to effective intervention. Policy Brief for Humanitarian and Development Agencies.}, year = {2013}, url = {http://www.cpcnetwork.org/resource/resilience-from-conceptualization-to-effective-intervention/}, author = {A. Ager and J. Annan and C. Panter-Brick} } @article {6122, title = {Aiming higher for maternal and child nutrition in South Asia}, journal = {Maternal \& Child Nutrition}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-11-2018}, pages = {e12739}, doi = {10.1111/mcn.12739}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mcn.12739}, author = {Torlesse, Harriet and Aguayo, V{\'\i}ctor M.}, editor = {Aguayo, V{\'\i}ctor M. and Torlesse, Harriet} } @article {630, title = {Essay: Healing through art therapy in disaster settings}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {368}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-12-2006}, pages = {S28 - S29}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69916-9}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673606699169http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673606699169?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673606699169?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {S.H. Ahmed and M.N. Siddiqi} } @article {631, title = {An ethological approach to personality development.}, journal = {American Psychologist}, volume = {46}, year = {1991}, month = {Jan-01-1991}, pages = {333 - 341}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037//0003-066X.46.4.333}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.333}, author = {Ainsworth, Mary S. and Bowlby, John} } @inbook {559, title = {Infant Development and Mother-Infant Interaction among Ganda and American Families}, booktitle = {Culture and Infancy: Variations in the Human Experience}, year = {1977}, pages = {119-149}, publisher = {Academic Press}, organization = {Academic Press}, address = {New York}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Culture_and_infancy.html?id=vUqBAAAAMAAJ}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth}, editor = {P. H. Leiderman et al.} } @book {476, title = {Patterns of Attachment}, year = {1978}, publisher = {Erlbaum}, organization = {Erlbaum}, address = {Hillsdale, NJ}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Patterns_of_Attachment.html?id=wK4BCgAAQBAJ}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth and M. C. Blehar and E. Waters and S. Wall} } @book {475, title = {Infancy in Uganda: Infant Care and the Growth of Love}, year = {1967}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins Univ. Press}, organization = {Johns Hopkins Univ. Press}, address = {Blatimore}, url = {http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ehrafe/citation.do?method=citation\&forward=browseAuthorsFullContext\&id=fk07-018}, author = {M. D. S. Ainsworth} } @article {165, title = {Evaluation of the Better Parenting Programme in Jordan.}, journal = {Early Child Dev Care}, volume = {181}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jun}, pages = {587-598}, abstract = {

This study evaluates the Better Parenting Programme (BPP), which has been implemented nationally in Jordan to enhance parents\&$\#$39; knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to caring for young children. Participants (N = 337, 94\% female) were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group participated in the BPP; the control group did not. Before and after the BPP, all participants completed questionnaires to assess their knowledge regarding key areas of child development, activities with their children, discipline practices, and perceptions regarding behaviours that constitute child abuse and neglect. Over time, participants in the experimental group (but not the control group) improved on parenting knowledge, spending time playing and reading books with their children, using more explanations during the course of disciplining their child, and accurately perceiving behaviours that constitute child neglect. Results suggest modest beneficial effects of participation in the Better Parenting Programme.

}, issn = {0300-4430}, doi = {10.1080/03004431003654925}, author = {Al-Hassan, Suha M and Lansford, Jennifer E} } @article {229, title = {Tomorrow{\textquoteright}s players under occupation: an analysis of the association of political violent with psychological functioning and domestic violence, among Palestinian youth.}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {77}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jul}, pages = {427-33}, abstract = {

A 2005 survey of 2,328 youth (ages 12 to 18) in the West Bank, Palestine, revealed an association between exposure to politically violent events, domestic violence, and school violence and with psychological symptomatology. Results also found associations between family violence, family economic status, and psychological symptomatology. Respondents reported low levels of family functioning. Data revealed some geographic variability in experiences of politically violent events, domestic violence, school violence, and psychological symptomatology. Implications for practice are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Arabs, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Israel, Male, Middle East, Politics, Questionnaires, Social Behavior Disorders}, issn = {0002-9432}, doi = {10.1037/0002-9432.77.3.427}, author = {Al-Krenawi, Alean and Graham, John R and Sehwail, Mahmud A} } @article {7238, title = {Promoting mother-infant relationships and underlying neural correlates: Results from a randomized controlled trial of a home-visiting program for adolescent mothers in Brazil}, journal = {Developmental Science}, year = {2021}, month = {Dec-04-2021}, keywords = {EG, home-visiting intervention, infant social development, maternal care competencies, mother-infant attachment}, issn = {1363-755X}, doi = {10.1111/desc.13113}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.13113}, author = {Alarc{\~a}o, Fernanda Speggiorin Pereira and Shephard, Elizabeth and Fatori, Daniel and Am{\'a}vel, Renata and Chiesa, Anna and Fracolli, Lislaine and Matijasevich, Alicia and Brentani, Helena and Nelson, Charles A. and Leckman, James and Miguel, Eur{\'\i}pedes Constantino and Polanczyk, Guilherme V.} } @article {632, title = {Long term consequences of early childhood malnutrition}, journal = {Oxford Economic Papers}, volume = {58}, year = {2006}, month = {Mar-04-2006}, pages = {450 - 474}, issn = {0030-7653}, doi = {10.1093/oep/gpl008}, url = {http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/oep/gpl008}, author = {Alderman, H.} } @article {5421, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {9}, year = {2014}, note = {Alderman, Harold
Haddad, Lawrence
Headey, Derek D
Smith, Lisa
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2014/10/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Sep;2(9):e500. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70266-9. Epub 2014 Aug 27.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {e500}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70266-9}, author = {Alderman, H. and Haddad, L. and Headey, D. D. and Smith, L.} } @article {5366, title = {The Refugee Crisis and the Rights of Children: Perspectives on Community-Based Resettlement Programs}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Alipui, Nicholas
Gerke, Nicole
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):91-98. doi: 10.1002/cad.20228.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {91-98}, abstract = {We are currently facing one of the largest and most complex refugee crises in modern times. Conflict and natural disasters have resulted in 22.5 million refugees worldwide, more than half are children. As the world struggles to respond to this massive displacement of people, how is this affecting child refugees{\textquoteright} development and what is being done about it? In this commentary, we explore answers to these central questions. First, we review the situation of child refugees in numbers, exploring their geographic concentration. Second, we review child refugees{\textquoteright} access to basic services, including early childhood development, with a special emphasis on community-based programs and initiatives that have proven to be particularly effective in addressing the needs of resettled child refugees. We find in particular that early childhood development activities in emergency contexts have seen remarkable improvements with critical benefits for the development of the youngest child refugees. Our aim is to bring attention to the particular difficulties child refugees must endure and to highlight those practices and approaches that are helping child refugees reach their full potential.}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20228}, author = {Alipui, N. and Gerke, N.} } @article {4976, title = {Mental health and psychosocial support in crisis and conflict: report of the Mental Health Working Group}, journal = {Prehosp Disaster Med}, volume = {24 Suppl 2}, year = {2009}, note = {Allden, K
Jones, L
Weissbecker, I
Wessells, M
Bolton, P
Betancourt, T S
Hijazi, Z
Galappatti, A
Yamout, R
Patel, P
Sumathipala, A
eng
2009/10/07 06:00
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;24 Suppl 2:s217-27.}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {s217-27}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Working Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support was convened as part of the 2009 Harvard Humanitarian Action Summit. The Working Group chose to focus on ethical issues in mental health and psychosocial research and programming in humanitarian settings. The Working Group built on previous work and recommendations, such as the Inter-Agency Standing Committee{\textquoteright}s Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this working group was to address one of the factors contributing to the deficiency of research and the need to develop the evidence base on mental health and psychosocial support interventions during complex emergencies by proposing ethical research guidelines. Outcomes research is vital for effective program development in emergency settings, but to date, no comprehensive ethical guidelines exist for guiding such research efforts. METHODS: Working Group members conducted literature reviews which included peer-reviewed publications, agency reports, and relevant guidelines on the following topics: general ethical principles in research, cross-cultural issues, research in resource-poor countries, and specific populations such as trauma and torture survivors, refugees, minorities, children and youth, and the mentally ill. Working Group members also shared key points regarding ethical issues encountered in their own research and fieldwork. RESULTS: The group adapted a broad definition of the term "research", which encompasses needs assessments and data gathering, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The guidelines are conceptualized as applying to formal and informal processes of assessment and evaluation in which researchers as well as most service providers engage. The group reached consensus that it would be unethical not to conduct research and evaluate outcomes of mental health and psychosocial interventions in emergency settings, given that there currently is very little good evidence base for such interventions. Overarching themes and issues generated by the group for further study and articulation included: purpose and benefits of research, issues of validity, neutrality, risk, subject selection and participation, confidentiality, consent, and dissemination of results. CONCLUSIONS: The group outlined several key topics and recommendations that address ethical issues in conducting mental health and psychosocial research in humanitarian settings. The group views this set of recommendations as a living document to be further developed and refined based on input from colleagues representing different regions of the globe with an emphasis on input from colleagues from low-resource countries.}, keywords = {*Conflict (Psychology), *Mental Health, *Social Support, Altruism, Confidentiality, Ethics, Research, Humans, Informed Consent}, isbn = {1049-023X (Print)
1049-023X (Linking)}, doi = {10.1017/S1049023X00021622}, author = {Allden, K. and Jones, L. and Weissbecker, I. and Wessells, M. and Bolton, P. and Betancourt, T. S. and Hijazi, Z. and Galappatti, A. and Yamout, R. and Patel, P. and Sumathipala, A.} } @article {714, title = {A Study of a Violence Prevention Program in Prekindergarten Classrooms}, journal = {Children \& Schools}, volume = {31}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-07-2009}, pages = {177 - 187}, issn = {1532-8759}, doi = {10.1093/cs/31.3.177}, url = {http://cs.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/cs/31.3.177}, author = {Allen, S. F.} } @article {6108, title = {Enabling the implementation of the 2030 agenda through SDG 16+: Anchoring peace, justice and inclusion}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City, New York}, keywords = {2030 Agenda, inclusion, justice, peace, SDG 16+, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://www.sdg16hub.org/system/files/2019-07/Global\%20Alliance,\%20SDG\%2016\%2B\%20Global\%20Report.pdf}, author = {Global Alliance} } @book {478, title = {The Nature of Prejudice}, year = {1958}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, organization = {Addison-Wesley}, address = {Reading}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Prejudice-Allport-1958-01-01-Paperback/dp/B012YXPZTG/ref=pd_cp_14_2?_encoding=UTF8\&pd_rd_i=B012YXPZTG\&pd_rd_r=9JG9C16VDE3S9T9X38CG\&pd_rd_w=rycGH\&pd_rd_wg=ghfW4\&psc=1\&refRID=9JG9C16VDE3S9T9X38CG}, author = {G. W. Allport} } @article {230, title = {Effects of early intervention and the moderating effects of brain activity on institutionalized children{\textquoteright}s social skills at age 8.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17228-31}, abstract = {

The present study examined the social skills of previously institutionalized, 8-y-old Romanian children from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project and the influence of attachment security and brain electrical activity (alpha power) on these skills. Participants included children randomized to an intervention involving foster care [Foster Care Group (FCG)], children randomized to remain in institutions [Care As Usual Group (CAUG)], and never-institutionalized children living with their families in the Bucharest community [Never-Institutionalized Group (NIG)]. A continuous rating of children\&$\#$39;s attachment security to their primary caregiver was assessed at 42 mo of age. When children were 8 y old, teachers rated their social skills, and the children\&$\#$39;s resting electroencephalogram alpha power was recorded. Teachers rated social skills of FCG children who were placed into foster care before 20 mo of age as no different from NIG children, and both of these groups were higher than CAUG children and FCG children placed after 20 mo. Electroencephalogram alpha power at age 8 significantly moderated the relations between attachment security and social skills. These findings characterize institutionalized children\&$\#$39;s social skills in middle childhood within the context of a randomized intervention while highlighting the roles of both relational and biological factors in these developmental trajectories.

}, keywords = {Brain, Caregivers, Child, Child Development, Child, Institutionalized, Early Intervention (Education), Electroencephalography, Female, Foster Home Care, Humans, Male, Object Attachment, Romania, Social Change}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121256109}, author = {Almas, Alisa N and Degnan, Kathryn A and Radulescu, Anca and Nelson, Charles A and Zeanah, Charles H and Fox, Nathan A} } @article {6113, title = {We are here: An integrated approach to youth-inclusive peace processes}, year = {2019}, institution = {Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland}, address = {Finland}, keywords = {gender equality, inclusion, justice, mediation, peace, peacebuilding, policy, youth}, url = {https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Global-Policy-Paper-Youth-Participation-in-Peace-Processes.pdf?mc_cid=c6a8287010\&mc_eid=392203c68b}, author = {Altiok, A. and Grizelj, I.} } @article {6516, title = {Global policy paper {\textquotedblleft}We Are Here: An integrated approach to youth-inclusive peace processes{\textquotedblright}}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Youth, Peace and Security}, keywords = {peacebuilding, youth-inclusive peace}, url = {https://www.youth4peace.info/node/348}, author = {Altiok, A and Grezelj, I} } @article {372, title = {Parent education by maternity nurses and prevention of abusive head trauma.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {128}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Nov}, pages = {e1164-72}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: A consortium of the 19 community hospitals and 1 tertiary care children\&$\#$39;s hospital that provide maternity care in the New York State Hudson Valley region implemented a program to teach parents about the dangers of shaking infants and how to cope safely with an infant\&$\#$39;s crying. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the program in reducing the frequency of shaking injuries.

METHODS: The educational program, which was delivered by maternity nurses, included a leaflet explaining abusive head trauma (\"shaken baby syndrome\") and how to prevent it, an 8-minute video on the subject, and a statement signed by parents acknowledging receipt of the information and agreeing to share it with others who will care for the infant. Poisson regression analysis was used to compare the frequency of shaking injuries during the 3 years after program implementation with the frequency during a 5-year historical control period.

RESULTS: Sixteen infants who were born in the region during the 8-year study period were treated at the children\&$\#$39;s hospital for shaking injuries sustained during their first year of life. Of those infants, 14 were born during the 5-year control period and 2 during the 3-year postimplementation period. The decrease from 2.8 injuries per year (14 cases in 5 years) to 0.7 injuries per year (2 cases in 3 years) represents a 75.0\% reduction (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS: Parent education delivered in the hospital by maternity nurses reduces newborns\&$\#$39; risks of sustaining an abusive head injury resulting from shaking during the first year of life.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal-Child Nursing, New York, Nurse{\textquoteright}s Role, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Prevalence, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Risk Assessment, Shaken Baby Syndrome}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2010-3260}, author = {Altman, Robin L and Canter, Jennifer and Patrick, Patricia A and Daley, Nancy and Butt, Neelofar K and Brand, Donald A} } @article {231, title = {Acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on subjective and behavioral responses to social rejection.}, journal = {Exp Clin Psychopharmacol}, volume = {18}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {316-21}, abstract = {

The hormone and neuropeptide oxytocin is believed to buffer against social stress and reduce social-threat perception. We employed a widely used ostracism paradigm, Cyberball, to investigate whether oxytocin ameliorated the acute behavioral and affective consequences of social rejection. In a double-blind, randomized, between-subjects design, 74 healthy male and female participants were administered intranasal oxytocin or placebo and subsequently ostracized or included during this virtual ball-tossing game. Ostracized participants reported negative affective and attachment-related reactions, as well as a significant motivational change in increased desire to be involved in the game; these effects were not influenced by oxytocin. Intranasal oxytocin did, however, increase included participants\&$\#$39; desire to play again with the same participants, suggesting oxytocin enhanced desire for future social engagement following inclusion. These findings are argued to provide evidence that the effects of oxytocin in promoting social approach behavior may be context specific and sensitive to positive social cues. The results suggest that in an explicitly aversive context, oxytocin does not buffer against the immediate impact of blunt social rejection.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Internet, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocics, Oxytocin, Rejection (Psychology), Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult}, issn = {1936-2293}, doi = {10.1037/a0019719}, author = {Alvares, Gail A and Hickie, Ian B and Guastella, Adam J} } @article {6009, title = {Children and Media Tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics}, year = {2018}, keywords = {children and media, screen time}, url = {https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/news-features-and-safety-tips/Pages/Children-and-Media-Tips.aspx}, author = {AmericanAcademyPediatrics} } @book {480, title = {The Little Book of Restorative Discipline for Schools: Teaching Responsibility, Creating Caring Climates}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Good Books}, organization = {Good Books}, isbn = {9781561485062}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Little_Book_of_Restorative_Disciplin.html?id=TKzZAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Amstutz, L.S. and Mullet, J.H.} } @article {232, title = {Life in groups: the roles of oxytocin in mammalian sociality.}, journal = {Front Behav Neurosci}, volume = {7}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {185}, abstract = {

In recent decades, scientific understanding of the many roles of oxytocin (OT) in social behavior has advanced tremendously. The focus of this research has been on maternal attachments and reproductive pair-bonds, and much less is known about the substrates of sociality outside of reproductive contexts. It is now apparent that OT influences many aspects of social behavior including recognition, trust, empathy, and other components of the behavioral repertoire of social species. This review provides a comparative perspective on the contributions of OT to life in mammalian social groups. We provide background on the functions of OT in maternal attachments and the early social environment, and give an overview of the role of OT circuitry in support of different mating systems. We then introduce peer relationships in group-living rodents as a means for studying the importance of OT in non-reproductive affiliative behaviors. We review species differences in oxytocin receptor (OTR) distributions in solitary and group-living species of South American tuco-tucos and in African mole-rats, as well as singing mice. We discuss variation in OTR levels with seasonal changes in social behavior in female meadow voles, and the effects of OT manipulations on peer huddling behavior. Finally, we discuss avenues of promise for future investigation, and relate current findings to research in humans and non-human primates. There is growing evidence that OT is involved in social selectivity, including increases in aggression toward social outgroups and decreased huddling with unfamiliar individuals, which may support existing social structures or relationships at the expense of others. OT\&$\#$39;s effects reach beyond maternal attachment and pair bonds to play a role in affiliative behavior underlying \"friendships\", organization of broad social structures, and maintenance of established social relationships with individuals or groups.

}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00185}, author = {Anacker, Allison M J and Beery, Annaliese K} } @article {233, title = {Heredity, environment, and the question how?}, journal = {Psychol Rev}, volume = {65}, year = {1958}, month = {1958 Jul}, pages = {197-208}, keywords = {Environment, Heredity}, issn = {0033-295X}, doi = {10.1037/h0044895}, author = {Anastasi, A.} } @article {234, title = {The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology.}, journal = {Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci}, volume = {256}, year = {2006}, pages = {174-86}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment has been linked to a variety of changes in brain structure and function and stress-responsive neurobiological systems. Epidemiological studies have documented the impact of childhood maltreatment on health and emotional well-being.

METHODS: After a brief review of the neurobiology of childhood trauma, we use the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study as an epidemiological \"case example\" of the convergence between epidemiologic and neurobiological evidence of the effects of childhood trauma. The ACE Study included 17,337 adult HMO members and assessed 8 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and serious household dysfunction. We used the number of ACEs (ACE score) as a measure of cumulative childhood stress and hypothesized a \"dose-response\" relationship of the ACE score to 18 selected outcomes and to the total number of these outcomes (comorbidity).

RESULTS: Based upon logistic regression analysis, the risk of every outcome in the affective, somatic, substance abuse, memory, sexual,and aggression-related domains increased in a graded fashion as the ACE score increased (P \<0.001). The mean number of comorbid outcomes tripled across the range of the ACE score.

CONCLUSIONS: The graded relationship of the ACE score to 18 different outcomes in multiple domains theoretically parallels the cumulative exposure of the developing brain to the stress response with resulting impairment in multiple brain structures and functions.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Child, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, Family Health, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Survivors}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4}, author = {Anda, Robert F and Felitti, Vincent J and Bremner, J Douglas and Walker, John D and Whitfield, Charles and Perry, Bruce D and Dube, Shanta R and Giles, Wayne H} } @article {218, title = {American Psychologist / Special Issue: Peace Psychology}, year = {2013}, url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/68/7/}, author = {Anderson, N} } @article {3266, title = {A systematic policy analysis of Early Childhood Development and peacebuilding in fourteen conflict-affected and post-conflict countries}, year = {2016}, publisher = {UCL Insitute of Education}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/37b_Policy_Study_ECD_and_Peacebuilding_(FULL).pdf}, author = {Ang, L. and Oliver. S. and UNICEF} } @article {4741, title = {Improving Mental Health Outcomes of Burmese Migrant and Displaced Children in Thailand: a Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of a Parenting and Family Skills Intervention}, journal = {Prev Sci}, volume = {18}, number = {7}, year = {2017}, note = {Annan, Jeannie
Sim, Amanda
Puffer, Eve S
Salhi, Carmel
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
2016/11/20 06:00
Prev Sci. 2017 Oct;18(7):793-803. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0728-2.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {793-803}, abstract = {The negative effects of displacement and poverty on child mental health are well-known, yet research on prevention interventions in low- and middle-income countries, especially fragile states, remains limited. We examined the effectiveness of a parenting skills intervention on mental health outcomes among Burmese migrant and displaced children living in 20 communities in Thailand. Participants were primary caregivers and children aged 7 to 15 years (n = 479 families). Families were randomly assigned to receive an adapted version of the Strengthening Families Program (n = 240) or a wait-list control condition (n = 239). Assessments were conducted at baseline and 1-month post-intervention for both conditions and at 6 months for treatment group only. One month after the program, children in the treatment condition showed significant reductions in externalizing problems (caregiver effect size (ES) -0.22, p = 0.02; child report ES -0.11, p = 0.02) and child attention problems compared with controls (caregiver report ES -0.23, p = 0.03). There was no significant treatment effect on children{\textquoteright}s internalizing problems (ES -0.06; p = 0.31). Children reported a significant increase in prosocial protective factors relative to controls (ES 0.20, p < 0.01). Results suggest that an evidence-based parenting skills intervention adapted for a displaced and migrant Burmese population facing high levels of adversity can have positive effects on children{\textquoteright}s externalizing symptoms and protective psychosocial factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01829815.}, keywords = {*Family, *Parenting, Adolescent, Child, Cultural Characteristics, Displacement, Female, Humans, Low and middle income countries, Male, Mental Health, Migrants, Myanmar, Parenting, Thailand, Transients and Migrants/*psychology}, isbn = {1573-6695 (Electronic)
1389-4986 (Linking)}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-016-0728-2}, author = {Annan, J. and Sim, A. and Puffer, E. S. and Salhi, C. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {7221, title = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, publisher = {American Psychological Association, Division 48}, keywords = {conflict resolution, peace, Psychology}, url = {https://psycnet.apa.org/PsycARTICLES/journal/pac/27/1} } @article {7220, title = {Journal of Peace Psychology}, year = {2021}, keywords = {conflict resolution, peace, Psychology}, url = {https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/pac} } @article {235, title = {Social networks and cooperation in hunter-gatherers.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {481}, year = {2012}, pages = {497-501}, abstract = {

Social networks show striking structural regularities, and both theory and evidence suggest that networks may have facilitated the development of large-scale cooperation in humans. Here, we characterize the social networks of the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers in Tanzania. We show that Hadza networks have important properties also seen in modernized social networks, including a skewed degree distribution, degree assortativity, transitivity, reciprocity, geographic decay and homophily. We demonstrate that Hadza camps exhibit high between-group and low within-group variation in public goods game donations. Network ties are also more likely between people who give the same amount, and the similarity in cooperative behaviour extends up to two degrees of separation. Social distance appears to be as important as genetic relatedness and physical proximity in explaining assortativity in cooperation. Our results suggest that certain elements of social network structure may have been present at an early point in human history. Also, early humans may have formed ties with both kin and non-kin, based in part on their tendency to cooperate. Social networks may thus have contributed to the emergence of cooperation.

}, keywords = {Anthropology, Biological Evolution, Cooperative Behavior, Game Theory, Humans, Probability, Rural Population, Social Support, Tanzania, Wilderness}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature10736}, author = {Apicella, Coren L and Marlowe, Frank W and Fowler, James H and Christakis, Nicholas A} } @book {481, title = {The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen}, year = {2011}, publisher = {W. W. Norton}, organization = {W. W. Norton}, isbn = {9780393340525}, url = {http://books.wwnorton.com/books/The-Honor-Code/}, author = {Appiah, A.} } @article {236, title = {Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: a mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {22}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 May}, pages = {337-52}, abstract = {

The current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal mediated and mediated moderation pathways among maltreatment, self-perception (i.e., loneliness and self-esteem), social support, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For both genders, early childhood maltreatment (i.e., ages 0-6) was related directly to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6, and later maltreatment (i.e., ages 6-8) was directly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Results of concurrent mediation and mediated moderation indicated that early maltreatment was significantly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6 indirectly both through age 6 loneliness and self-esteem for boys and through age 6 loneliness for girls. Significant moderation of the pathway from early maltreatment to self-esteem, and for boys, significant mediated moderation to emotional and behavioral problems were found, such that the mediated effect through self-esteem varied across levels of social support, though in an unexpected direction. No significant longitudinal mediation or mediated moderation was found, however, between the age 6 mediators and moderator and internalizing or externalizing problems at age 8. The roles of the hypothesized mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed, with implications for designing intervention and prevention programs.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Affective Symptoms, Age Factors, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Loneliness, Male, Personality Development, Psychology, Child, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Social Perception, Social Support}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S095457941000009X}, author = {Appleyard, Karen and Yang, Chongming and Runyan, Desmond K} } @article {237, title = {A cost-effectiveness evaluation of a home visit program for adolescent mothers.}, journal = {J Health Psychol}, volume = {14}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Oct}, pages = {878-87}, abstract = {

A home visit intervention program for adolescents throughout their pregnancy and during the early stages of motherhood was evaluated. The participants (N = 90) were part of a larger group of adolescents treated in two health centers in a poor neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. The program was carried out by volunteer community health monitors and evaluated through an experimental, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness was examined in comparison with standard health care. Results show higher scores for the intervention group on the mothers\&$\#$39; mental health and nutritional state, as well as on the children\&$\#$39;s levels of linguistic development.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Chile, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, House Calls, Humans, Male, Mothers, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Young Adult}, issn = {1461-7277}, doi = {10.1177/1359105309340988}, author = {Aracena, Marcela and Krause, Mariane and P{\'e}rez, Carola and M{\'e}ndez, Mar{\'\i}a Jes{\'u}s and Salvatierra, Loreto and Soto, Mauricio and Pantoja, Tom{\'a}s and Navarro, Sandra and Salinas, Alejandra and Farah, Claudio and Altimir, Carolina} } @article {715, title = {The Safe Kindergarten: Promotion of Communication and Social Skills Among Kindergartners}, journal = {Early Education \& Development}, volume = {19}, year = {2008}, month = {Mar-12-2008}, pages = {865 - 884}, issn = {1040-9289}, doi = {10.1080/10409280802516090}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10409280802516090}, author = {Aram, Dorit and Shlak, Maya} } @article {5016, title = {Emotional, physical, and social needs among 0-5-year-old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures}, journal = {Disasters}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Arbour, MaryCatherine
Murray, Kara A
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Arriet, Felipe
Moraga, Cecilia
Vega, Miguel Angel Cordero
eng
England
2016/05/14 06:00
Disasters. 2017 Apr;41(2):365-387. doi: 10.1111/disa.12197. Epub 2016 May 12.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {365-387}, abstract = {An 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0-5-year-old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post-earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children{\textquoteright}s emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well-being and ongoing risks in post-disaster settings.}, keywords = {*Disasters, *Earthquakes, *Homeless Youth/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, *Needs Assessment, Child Development, child status index, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, children, Chile, earthquake, Emotions, Female, Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Health, nutrition, post-disaster, Relief Work, socio-emotional well-being}, isbn = {1467-7717 (Electronic)
0361-3666 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1111/disa.12197}, author = {Arbour, M. and Murray, K. A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Arriet, F. and Moraga, C. and Vega, M. A.} } @article {238, title = {Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {57}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jun 1}, pages = {1377-84}, abstract = {

The prefrontal cortex guides behaviors, thoughts, and feelings using representational knowledge, i.e., working memory. These fundamental cognitive abilities subserve the so-called executive functions: the ability to inhibit inappropriate behaviors and thoughts, regulate our attention, monitor our actions, and plan and organize for the future. Neuropsychological and imaging studies indicate that these prefrontal cortex functions are weaker in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and contribute substantially to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology. Research in animals indicates that the prefrontal cortex is very sensitive to its neurochemical environment and that small changes in catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortex cells can have profound effects on the ability of the prefrontal cortex to guide behavior. Optimal levels of norepinephrine acting at postsynaptic alpha-2A-adrenoceptors and dopamine acting at D1 receptors are essential to prefrontal cortex function. Blockade of norepinephrine alpha-2-adrenoceptors in prefrontal cortex markedly impairs prefrontal cortex function and mimics most of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including impulsivity and locomotor hyperactivity. Conversely, stimulation of alpha-2-adrenoceptors in prefrontal cortex strengthens prefrontal cortex regulation of behavior and reduces distractibility. Most effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder facilitate catecholamine transmission and likely have their therapeutic actions by optimizing catecholamine actions in prefrontal cortex.

}, keywords = {Adamantane, Animals, Attention, Benzopyrans, Catecholamines, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electroencephalography, Guanfacine, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Motor Activity, Neurobiology, Prefrontal Cortex, Problem Solving, Reaction Time}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019}, author = {Arnsten, Amy F T and Li, Bao-Ming} } @book {482, title = {The Jigsaw Classroom: Building Cooperation in the Classroom}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Longman}, organization = {Longman}, isbn = {9780673993830}, url = {https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-jigsaw-classroom-elliot-aronson/1114059913?ean=9780673993830\&pcta=u\&st=PLA\&sid=BNB_DRS_New\%20Core\%20Shopping\%20Textbooks_00000000\&2sid=Google_\&sourceId=PLGoP211442}, author = {Aronson, E. and Patnoe, S.} } @article {7382, title = {Evaluation of the Responsible, Engaged, and Loving (REAL) Fathers Initiative on Physical Child Punishment and Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Uganda}, journal = {Prevention Science}, volume = {18}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-10-2017}, pages = {854 - 864}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Gender, Intimate Partner Violence, men, Uganda}, issn = {1389-4986}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-016-0713-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11121-016-0713-9}, author = {Ashburn, Kim and Kerner, Brad and Ojamuge, Dickens and Lundgren, Rebecka} } @article {634, title = {Approaches to conflict and conflict resolution in toddler relationships}, journal = {Journal of Early Childhood Research}, volume = {10}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-06-2012}, pages = {145 - 161}, issn = {1476-718X}, doi = {10.1177/1476718X11430070}, url = {http://ecr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1476718X11430070}, author = {Ashby, N. and Neilsen-Hewett, C.} } @article {239, title = {The emotional costs of parents{\textquoteright} conditional regard: a self-determination theory analysis.}, journal = {J Pers}, volume = {72}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Feb}, pages = {47-88}, abstract = {

Parents\&$\#$39; use of conditional regard as a socializing practice was hypothesized to predict their children\&$\#$39;s introjected internalization (indexed by a sense of internal compulsion), resentment toward parents, and ill-being. In Study 1, involving three generations, mothers\&$\#$39; reports of their parents\&$\#$39; having used conditional regard to promote academic achievement predicted (a) the mothers\&$\#$39; poor well-being and controlling parenting attitudes, and (b) their college-aged daughters\&$\#$39; viewing them as having used conditional regard, thus showing both negative affective consequences from and intergenerational transmission of conditional regard. Study 2 expanded on the first by using four domains, including both genders, and examining mediating processes. College students\&$\#$39; perceptions of their mothers\&$\#$39; and fathers\&$\#$39; having used conditional regard in four domains (emotion control, prosocial, academic, sport) were found to relate to introjected internalization, behavioral enactment, fluctuations in self-esteem, perceived parental disapproval, and resentment of parents. Introjection mediated the link from conditional regard to behavioral enactment. The results suggest that use of conditional regard as a socializing practice can promote enactment of the desired behaviors but does so with significant affective costs.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Personal Autonomy, Psychological Theory, Self Concept, Socialization}, issn = {0022-3506}, doi = {10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00256.x}, author = {Assor, Avi and Roth, Guy and Deci, Edward L} } @inbook {560, title = {Early Childhood as a Foundation for Civic Engagement}, booktitle = {Handbook of Research of Civic Engagement in Youth}, year = {2010}, pages = {249-275}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470522747.html}, author = {J. Astuto and M. D. Ruck}, editor = {L. Sherrod et al.} } @article {240, title = {Prevalence of mental disorders among children exposed to war: a systematic review of 7,920 children.}, journal = {Med Confl Surviv}, volume = {25}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jan-Mar}, pages = {4-19}, abstract = {

Worldwide, millions of children are affected by armed conflict. However, data on the prevalence of mental disorders among these children is sparse. We aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children affected by war using a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. We systematically reviewed existing literature to identify studies on prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and psychosis among children exposed to armed conflict. We searched electronic databases and references listed in studies to obtain eligible studies. We pooled studies using the random-effects method and explored heterogeneity using meta-regression analysis. Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included 7,920 children. Sample sizes ranged from 22 to 2,976. Four studies were conducted during a conflict and others during post-conflict. All the studies reported PTSD as the primary outcome ranging from 4.5 to 89.3\%, with an overall pooled estimate of 47\% (9\% CI: 35-60\%, I2 = 98\%). Meta-analysis heterogeneity was attributable to study location (OR 1.33, 95\% CI: 1.27-1.41), method of measurement (OR 1.36, 95\% CI: 1.29-1.44) and duration since exposure to war (coefficient 0.17, 95\% CI: 0.94-0.25). In addition, four studies reported elevated depression that allowed pooling (43\%, 95\% CI: 31-55\%) and three studies reported elevated anxiety disorders allowing pooling (27\%, 95\% CI: 21-33\%). Our systematic review suggests a higher prevalence rate of mental disorders among children exposed to conflict than among the general population. Given the number of current conflicts, there is a paucity of information regarding mental disorders among children affected by war.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Welfare, Humans, Mental Disorders, War}, issn = {1362-3699}, doi = {10.1080/13623690802568913}, author = {Attanayake, Vindya and McKay, Rachel and Joffres, Michel and Singh, Sonal and Burkle, Frederick and Mills, Edward} } @article {7205, title = {Ready to engage. Perspectives of teachers and parents on social and emotional learning and service-learning in America{\textquoteright}s public schools}, year = {2021}, institution = {Allstate Foundation}, keywords = {Education, social emotional learning, United States}, url = {https://03cac847-6f18-481d-bb58-5ee66d3378d8.usrfiles.com/ugd/03cac8_9d7e59eee72f4e22bd59a9df5754814f.pdf?fbclid=IwAR38CA1Z9f4XxmmHcmvgg6mCsOLltVmfTyH8DlSFrD2Shma2aTLUowEChXw}, author = {Atwell, MN and Bridgeland, JM and Manspile, EP} } @article {636, title = {THE CULTURE QUESTION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION}, journal = {Peace \& Change}, volume = {16}, year = {1991}, month = {Jan-01-1991}, pages = {22 - 45}, issn = {01490508}, doi = {10.1111/pech.1991.16.issue-110.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00563.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pech.1991.16.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00563.x}, author = {Avruch, Kevin and Black, Peter W.} } @book {483, title = {Culture and Conflict Resolution}, year = {1998}, publisher = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, organization = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, isbn = {9781878379825}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Culture_Conflict_Resolution.html?id=OofmUheyGJAC}, author = {Avruch, K.} } @article {635, title = {A Generic Theory of Conflict Resolutions A Critique}, journal = {Negotiation Journal}, volume = {3}, year = {1987}, month = {Jan-01-1987}, pages = {87 - 96}, issn = {0748-4526}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1987.tb00395.x}, author = {Avruch, Kevin and Black, Peter W.} } @article {637, title = {Threshold Externalities in Economic Development}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, volume = {105}, year = {1990}, month = {Jan-05-1990}, pages = {501}, issn = {00335533}, doi = {10.2307/2937797}, url = {http://qje.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2307/2937797}, author = {Azariadis, Costas and Drazen, Allan} } @article {241, title = {Cortical sources of EEG rhythms are abnormal in down syndrome.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {121}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {1205-12}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have been inconclusive whether dominant resting state alpha rhythms are greater or lower in amplitude in subjects with Down syndrome (DS) when compared to control subjects, ample resting alpha rhythms being considered as a reflection of good mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization. Here we tested the hypothesis that when the effects of head volume conduction are taken into account by the normalization of the cortical sources of resting alpha rhythms, these sources are lower in amplitude in DS subjects than in controls in line with typical findings in Alzheimer\&$\#$39;s disease patients.

METHODS: Eyes-closed resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded in 45 DS subjects (25 males; mean age of 22.8years+/-0.7 standard error of mean (SEM)) and in 45 age-matched cognitively normal subjects (25 males; mean age of 22.4years+/-0.5 SEM). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), beta 2 (20-30Hz), and gamma (30-40Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and normalized across all voxels and frequencies.

RESULTS: Central, parietal, occipital, and temporal cortical sources of resting alpha and beta rhythms were lower in amplitude in the DS than control subjects, whereas the opposite was true for occipital delta cortical sources. A control analysis on absolute source values showed that they were globally larger in amplitude across several frequency bands in DS than control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that normalized cortical sources of alpha rhythms are lower in amplitude in DS than control subjects, as it is typically found in Alzheimer\&$\#$39;s disease.

SIGNIFICANCE: DS is accompanied by a functional impairment of cortical neuronal synchronization mechanisms in the resting state condition.

}, keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Down Syndrome, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Patient Selection, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted}, issn = {1872-8952}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.155}, author = {Babiloni, Claudio and Albertini, Giorgio and Onorati, Paolo and Muratori, Chiara and Buffo, Paola and Condoluci, Claudia and Sar{\`a}, Marco and Pistoia, Francesca and Vecchio, Fabrizio and Rossini, Paolo M} } @article {5861, title = {Parenting practices and problem behavior across three generations: Monitoring, harsh discipline, and drug use in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, pages = {1214-1226}, doi = {10.1037/a0016129}, author = {Bailey, J.A. and Hill, K.G. and Oesterle, S.} } @article {5860, title = {Parenting practices and problem behavior across three generations: monitoring, harsh discipline, and drug use in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {1939-0599
Bailey, Jennifer A
Hill, Karl G
Oesterle, Sabrina
Hawkins, J David
R01 DA009679/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA012138-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA012138/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA009679-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA12138-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA09679-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01DA023089-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Dev Psychol. 2009 Sep;45(5):1214-26. doi: 10.1037/a0016129.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1214-26}, edition = {2009/08/26}, abstract = {Using data from grandparents (G1), parents (G2), and children (G3), this study examined continuity in parental monitoring, harsh discipline, and child externalizing behavior across generations, and the contribution of parenting practices and parental drug use to intergenerational continuity in child externalizing behavior. Structural equation and path modeling of prospective, longitudinal data from 808 G2 participants, their G1 parents, and their school-age G3 children (n = 136) showed that parental monitoring and harsh discipline demonstrated continuity from G1 to G2. Externalizing behavior demonstrated continuity from G2 to G3. Continuity in parenting practices did not explain the intergenerational continuity in externalizing behavior. Rather, G2 adolescent externalizing behavior predicted their adult substance use, which was associated with G3 externalizing behavior. A small indirect effect of G1 harsh parenting on G3 was observed. Interparental abuse and socidemographic risk were included as controls but did not explain the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior. Results highlight the need for preventive interventions aimed at breaking intergenerational cycles in poor parenting practices. More research is required to identify parental mechanisms influencing the continuity of externalizing behavior across generations.}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Juvenile Delinquency/*psychology, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Negotiating, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders/*psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0016129}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766356/}, author = {Bailey, J. A. and Hill, K. G. and Oesterle, S. and Hawkins, J. D.} } @article {373, title = {Reducing maternal intimate partner violence after the birth of a child: a randomized controlled trial of the Hawaii Healthy Start Home Visitation Program.}, journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med}, volume = {164}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: To estimate whether home visitation beginning after childbirth was associated with changes in average rates of mothers\&$\#$39; intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration as well as rates of specific IPV types (physical assault, verbal abuse, sexual assault, and injury) during the 3 years of program implementation and during 3 years of long-term follow-up.

DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING: Oahu, Hawaii.

PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred forty-three families with an infant at high risk for child maltreatment born between November 1994 and December 1995. Intervention Home visitors provided direct services and linked families to community resources. Home visits were to initially occur weekly and to continue for at least 3 years.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women\&$\#$39;s self-reports of past-year IPV victimization and perpetration using the Conflict Tactics Scale. Blinded research staff conducted maternal interviews following the child\&$\#$39;s birth and annually when children were aged 1 to 3 years and then 7 to 9 years.

RESULTS: During program implementation, intervention mothers as compared with control mothers reported lower rates of IPV victimization (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.86; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.01) and significantly lower rates of perpetration (IRR, 0.83; 95\% CI, 0.72-0.96). Considering specific IPV types, intervention women reported significantly lower rates of physical assault victimization (IRR, 0.85; 95\% CI, 0.71-1.00) and perpetration (IRR, 0.82; 95\% CI, 0.70-0.96). During long-term follow-up, rates of overall IPV victimization and perpetration decreased, with nonsignificant between-group differences. Verbal abuse victimization rates (IRR, 1.14, 95\% CI, 0.97-1.34) may have increased among intervention mothers.

CONCLUSION: Early-childhood home visitation may be a promising strategy for reducing IPV.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Domestic Violence, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hawaii, Health Promotion, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Maternal Welfare, Mothers, Regression Analysis, Young Adult}, issn = {1538-3628}, doi = {10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.237}, author = {Bair-Merritt, Megan H and Jennings, Jacky M and Chen, Rusan and Burrell, Lori and McFarlane, Elizabeth and Fuddy, Loretta and Duggan, Anne K} } @article {242, title = {Effects of political and military traumas on children: the Palestinian case.}, journal = {Clin Psychol Rev}, volume = {19}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Dec}, pages = {935-50}, abstract = {

Social scientists have long recognized that individuals subjected to traumatic events associated with military and political conflict experience dire psychological consequences. The systematic study of this phenomenon, however, could be considered a nascent event. Research on the psychological sequel of traumatic events (traumatology) is well-rooted in the recognition and development of posttraumatic stress disorder as a separate psychological disorder category. The early studies in this field focused mainly on adult populations. With the recent advent of involvement of children in military conflicts such as in Africa (e.g., Mozambique), the Middle East (e.g., Palestine, Lebanon), and Southeast Asia (e.g., Cambodia), psychologists have taken a keen interest in examining the psychological effects such conflicts reap on children. Hence, a growing but modest body of literature has been amassed within the past 20 years on the subject. This article is an attempt to synthesize this literature in order to examine the universal and culture-specific correlates of political and military trauma. Specifically, the article will focus on the psychological symptoms children display following their exposure to such traumatic events. Special emphasis will be placed on anxiety, phobic, psychosomatic, and depressive symptoms. More importantly, however, an examination will be made to ascertain which factors (e.g., psychosocial, cultural, and political) serve to shield (protect) or predispose (vulnerability) children to psychological dysfunction. Furthermore, the analyses presented will be gender specific. The article will attempt to delineate a paradigm that explains the relationship between trauma, culture, and personality. Although the article will examine studies from various regions, specific emphasis will be placed on the Palestinian experience.

}, keywords = {Adult, Arabs, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Israel, Male, Politics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, War}, issn = {0272-7358}, doi = {10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00004-5}, author = {Baker, A and Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N} } @article {249, title = {Less is more: meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood.}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {129}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Mar}, pages = {195-215}, abstract = {

Is early preventive intervention effective in enhancing parental sensitivity and infant attachment security, and if so, what type of intervention is most successful? Seventy studies were traced, producing 88 intervention effects on sensitivity (n = 7,636) and/or attachment (n = 1,503). Randomized interventions appeared rather effective in changing insensitive parenting (d = 0.33) and infant attachment insecurity (d = 0.20). The most effective interventions used a moderate number of sessions and a clear-cut behavioral focus in families with, as well as without, multiple problems. Interventions that were more effective in enhancing parental sensitivity were also more effective in enhancing attachment security, which supports the notion of a causal role of sensitivity in shaping attachment.

}, keywords = {Behavior Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Object Attachment, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Personality Assessment, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic}, issn = {0033-2909}, url = {file:///C:/Users/njf7/Downloads/Bakermans2003.pdf}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H and Juffer, Femmie} } @article {244, title = {Gene-environment interaction of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and observed maternal insensitivity predicting externalizing behavior in preschoolers.}, journal = {Dev Psychobiol}, volume = {48}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jul}, pages = {406-9}, abstract = {

Previous studies have related aggression and other externalizing problems in children to either dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms or harsh and insensitive parenting. In this study it was determined whether the combination of the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism and maternal insensitivity predicted significantly more externalizing behavior in preschoolers. The results pointed to a gene-environment interaction effect: maternal insensitivity was associated with externalizing (oppositional, aggressive) behaviors, but only in the presence of the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism. The increase in externalizing behaviors in children with the 7-repeat allele exposed to insensitive care compared to children without these combined risks was sixfold. The data indicate that children are differentially susceptible to insensitive parenting dependent on the presence of the 7-repeat DRD4 allele.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, DNA Primers, Environment, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Observation, Parenting, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Dopamine D4}, issn = {0012-1630}, doi = {10.1002/dev.20152}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {248, title = {Sniffing around oxytocin: review and meta-analyses of trials in healthy and clinical groups with implications for pharmacotherapy.}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {e258}, abstract = {

The popularity of oxytocin (OT) has grown exponentially during the past decade, and so has the number of OT trials in healthy and clinical groups. We take stock of the evidence from these studies to explore potentials and limitations of pharmacotherapeutic applications. In healthy participants, intranasally administered OT leads to better emotion recognition and more trust in conspecifics, but the effects appear to be moderated by context (perceived threat of the \&$\#$39;out-group\&$\#$39;), personality and childhood experiences. In individuals with untoward childhood experiences, positive behavioral or neurobiological effects seem lowered or absent. In 19 clinical trials, covering autism, social anxiety, postnatal depression, obsessive-compulsive problems, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder and post-traumatic stress, the effects of OT administration were tested, with doses ranging from 15 IU to more than 7000 IU. The combined effect size was d=0.32 (N=304; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.47; P\<0.01). However, of all disorders, only studies on autism spectrum disorder showed a significant combined effect size (d=0.57; N=68; 95\% CI: 0.15-0.99; P\<0.01). We hypothesize that for some of the other disorders, etiological factors rooted in negative childhood experiences may also have a role in the diminished effectiveness of treatment with OT.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Anxiety, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Depression, Humans, Mental Disorders, Oxytocin, Personality Disorders, Phobic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Trust}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2013.34}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, M J and van I Jzendoorn, M H} } @article {243, title = {The hidden efficacy of interventions: gene{\texttimes}environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspective.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {66}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jan 3}, pages = {381-409}, abstract = {

The efficacy of interventions might be underestimated or even go undetected as a main effect when it is hidden in gene-by-environment (G\×E) interactions. This review moves beyond the problems thwarting correlational G\×E research to propose genetic differential susceptibility experiments. G\×E experiments can test the bright side as well as the dark side of the moderating role of genotypes traditionally considered to represent vulnerability to negative conditions. The differential susceptibility model predicts that carriers of these risk genotypes profit most from interventions changing the environment for the better. The evolutionary background of G\×E and differential susceptibility is discussed, and statistical methods for the analysis of differential susceptibility (versus diathesis stress) are reviewed. Then, based on results from 22 randomized G\×E experiments, meta-analytic evidence for the differential susceptibility model is presented. Intervention effects are much stronger in the susceptible genotypes than in the nonsusceptible genotypes. The final sections suggest possibilities to broaden the G component in the G\×E equation by including genetic pathways, and to broaden the E component by including methylation level and gene expression as promising ways to probe the concept of the environment more deeply and address the perennial issue of what works for whom.

}, keywords = {Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Neurosciences, Research Design}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015407}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {247, title = {Differential susceptibility to rearing environment depending on dopamine-related genes: new evidence and a meta-analysis.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Feb}, pages = {39-52}, abstract = {

In the current paper we present new empirical data and meta-analytic evidence for the role of dopamine-related genes as a susceptibility factor interacting with the rearing environment for better and for worse, that is, increasing children\&$\#$39;s susceptibility to both the adverse effects of unsupportive environments and the beneficial effects of supportive rearing. In Study 1 we examined the readiness of 91 7-year-old children to donate their money to a charity (UNICEF). We tested whether the association between attachment and donating behavior was moderated by the presence of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele. The attachment story completion task was used to assess attachment as an index of the quality of the rearing environment. Children with secure attachment representations donated more but only if they had the DRD4 7-repeat allele. In Study 2 we present the results of a meta-analysis of gene-environment studies on children up to 10 years of age involving dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor D2, DRD4, dopamine transporter). The cumulative negative effects of these \"risk genes\" and adverse rearing environments have been stressed, but potentially cumulative positive effects of these same genes interacting with positive rearing environments remained largely unnoticed. We examined the associations between negative and positive rearing environments and developmental outcomes as moderated by dopamine-related gene polymorphisms. Children with the less efficient dopamine-related genes did worse in negative environments than the comparisons without the \"genetic risk,\" but they also profited most from positive environments. Findings are discussed in light of evolutionary theory, and illustrated with some practical implications of differential susceptibility.

}, keywords = {Adult, Altruism, Child, Child Development, Child Rearing, Dopamine, Female, Genetics, Behavioral, Genotype, Humans, Male, Models, Neurological, Object Attachment, Parenting, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Social Behavior, Social Environment}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000635}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {251, title = {Oxytocin decreases handgrip force in reaction to infant crying in females without harsh parenting experiences.}, journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Nov}, pages = {951-7}, abstract = {

Infant crying can elicit sensitive caregiving as well as hostility and harsh parenting responses. In the current study (N = 42 females) with a double-blind experimental design, we tested the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on the use of excessive force using a hand-grip dynamometer during listening to infant cry sounds. Participants\&$\#$39; experiences with harsh parental discipline during childhood were found to moderate the effect of oxytocin administration on the use of excessive force. Participants\&$\#$39; whose parents did not discipline them harshly used less excessive force in the oxytocin condition, but for participants who were disciplined harshly there was no difference between the oxytocin and placebo condition. Such effects were not found during listening to infant laughter. We conclude that early caregiving experiences constitute an important moderator of the prosocial and/or stress-reducing effects of oxytocin. Oxytocin administration may increase trust and cooperation in individuals with supportive backgrounds, but not generate this effect in individuals who as a consequence of unfavorable early caregiving experiences may have a bias toward negative interpretation of social cues.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Crying, Female, Hand Strength, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Parents, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Young Adult}, issn = {1749-5024}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsr067}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H and Riem, Madelon M E and Tops, Mattie and Alink, Lenneke R A} } @article {246, title = {Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genes associated with observed parenting.}, journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Jun}, pages = {128-34}, abstract = {

Both oxytocin and serotonin modulate affiliative responses to partners and offspring. Animal studies suggest a crucial role of oxytocin in mammalian parturition and lactation but also in parenting and social interactions with offspring. The serotonergic system may also be important through its influence on mood and the release of oxytocin. We examined the role of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes in explaining differences in sensitive parenting in a community sample of 159 Caucasian, middle-class mothers with their 2-year-old toddlers at risk for externalizing behavior problems, taking into account maternal educational level, maternal depression and the quality of the marital relationship. Independent genetic effects of 5-HTTLPR SCL6A4 and OXTR rs53576 on observed maternal sensitivity were found. Controlling for differences in maternal education, depression and marital discord, parents with the possibly less efficient variants of the serotonergic (5-HTT ss) and oxytonergic (AA/AG) system genes showed lower levels of sensitive responsiveness to their toddlers. Two-way and three-way interactions with marital discord or depression were not significant. This first study on the role of both OXTR and 5-HTT genes in human parenting points to molecular genetic differences that may be implicated in the production of oxytocin explaining differences in sensitive parenting.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Child, Child, Preschool, Cooperative Behavior, Empathy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Oxytocin, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Social Behavior}, issn = {1749-5024}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsn004}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {250, title = {Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by dopamine receptor D4: a randomized control trial on 1- to 3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {20}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Summer}, pages = {805-20}, abstract = {

The effect of the Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) on daily cortisol production was tested in a randomized controlled trial with 130 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior. Six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline were conducted with individual families at their homes. Children in the intervention group showed lower cortisol levels, with a moderating role of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) VNTR exon III polymorphism. The VIPP-SD program proved to be effective in decreasing daily cortisol production in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, but not in children without the DRD4 7-repeat allele. Our findings indicate that children are differentially susceptible to intervention effects dependent on the presence of the 7-repeat DRD4 allele.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Arousal, Behavior Therapy, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Education, Exons, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Internal-External Control, Minisatellite Repeats, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Temperament, Video Recording}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579408000382}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H and Mesman, Judi and Alink, Lenneke R A and Juffer, Femmie} } @article {245, title = {Research Review: genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: the case of attachment.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2007}, pages = {1160-73}, abstract = {

Gene-environment interactions interpreted in terms of differential susceptibility may play a large part in the explanation of individual differences in human development. Reviewing studies on the behavioral and molecular genetics of attachment, we present evidence for interactions between genetic and environmental factors explaining individual differences in attachment security and disorganization. In particular, the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism seems associated with an increased risk for disorganized attachment, but only when combined with environmental risk. Gene-environment (G x E) interactions may be interpreted as genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility. We found support for the differential susceptibility hypothesis predicting not only more negative outcomes for susceptible children in unfavorable environments, but also positive outcomes for susceptible children in favorable environments.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetics, Behavioral, Humans, Male, Molecular Biology, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Polymorphism, Genetic, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Social Environment}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01801.x}, author = {Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J and Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H} } @article {5858, title = {Mental health and wellbeing during the transition to fatherhood}, journal = {JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports}, volume = {16}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-01-2018}, pages = {2118 - 2191}, issn = {2202-4433}, doi = {10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003773}, url = {http://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=01938924-201811000-00010http://journals.lww.com/jbisrir/Fulltext/10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003773}, author = {Baldwin, Sharin and Malone, Mary and Sandall, Jane and Bick, Debra} } @article {7360, title = {Evaluating the 3Cs Program for Caregivers of Young Children Affected by the Armed Conflict in Colombia}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Mar-12-2022}, pages = {212}, keywords = {armed conflict, caregiving, Colombia}, doi = {10.33682/1fpc-xz1910.33682/14b2-4nmm}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/63549}, author = {Gonz{\'a}lez Ballesteros, Lina Mar{\'\i}a and Flores, Jos{\'e} M. and Ortiz Hoyos, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Londo{\~n}o Tob{\'o}n, Amalia and Hein, Sascha and Bol{\'\i}var Rincon, Felipe and G{\'o}mez, Oscar and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @book {6305, title = {Peace Psychology Book SeriesChildren and Peace}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

}, isbn = {978-3-030-22175-1}, issn = {2197-5779}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-22176-8}, url = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030221751}, editor = {Balvin, Nikola and Christie, Daniel J.} } @article {640, title = {Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy}, journal = {Current Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological Science}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, note = {471lh
Times Cited:354
Cited References Count:20}, month = {Jun}, pages = {75-78}, abstract = {

Social cognitive theory adopts an agentic perspective in which individuals are producers of experiences and shapers of events. Among the mechanisms of human agency, none is more focal or pervading than the belief of personal efficacy. This core belief is the foundation of human agency. Unless people believe that they can produce desired effects and forestall undesired ones by their actions, they have little incentive to act. The growing interdependence of human functioning is placing a premium on the exercise of collective agency through shared beliefs in the power to produce effects by collective action. The present article analyzes the nature of perceived collective efficacy and its centrality in how people live their lives. Perceived collective efficacy fosters groups\&$\#$39; motivational commitment to their missions, resilience to adversity, and performance accomplishment.

}, keywords = {collective agency, collectivism-individualism, emergent properties, interdependence, multilevel, perceived self-efficacy, performance, self-efficacy, social cognitive theory, team}, isbn = {0963-7214}, doi = {10.1111/1467-8721.00064}, author = {Bandura, A.} } @book {484, title = {Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780470483282}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP002460.html}, author = {Banks, J.A. and Banks, C.A.M.G.} } @inbook {561, title = {Multicultural Education: Characteristics and Goals}, booktitle = {Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives (7th edition)}, year = {2010}, pages = {3-30}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP002460.html}, author = {J. A. Banks}, editor = {J. A. Banks and C. A. M. Banks} } @article {254, title = {Nature and nurture in own-race face processing.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {17}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {159-63}, abstract = {

A standard visual preference task was used to examine 3-month-olds\&$\#$39; looking times at own-race versus other-race faces as a function of environmental exposure to faces from the two categories. Participants were Caucasian infants living in a Caucasian environment, African infants living in an African environment, and African infants living in a predominantly Caucasian environment. The results indicate that preference for own-race faces is present as early as 3 months of age, but that this preference results from exposure to the prototypical facial environment.

}, keywords = {Cognition, Ethnic Groups, Face, Humans, Infant, Social Environment, Visual Perception}, issn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01679.x}, author = {Bar-Haim, Yair and Ziv, Talee and Lamy, Dominique and Hodes, Richard M} } @book {486, title = {The Indescribable and the Undiscussable: Reconstructing Human Discourse After Trauma}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Central European University Press}, organization = {Central European University Press}, isbn = {9789639116337}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=V1-GSttJrmoC}, author = {Bar-On, D.} } @article {696, title = {Sociopsychological Foundations of Intractable Conflicts}, journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, volume = {50}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-07-2007}, pages = {1430 - 1453}, issn = {0002-7642}, doi = {10.1177/0002764207302462}, url = {http://abs.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0002764207302462}, author = {Bar-Tal, D.} } @article {638, title = {Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of {\textquotedblleft}The Arab{\textquotedblright} concept formation, stereotype and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel}, journal = {International Journal of Intercultural Relations}, volume = {20}, year = {1996}, month = {Jan-06-1996}, pages = {341 - 370}, issn = {01471767}, doi = {10.1016/0147-1767(96)00023-5}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0147176796000235http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0147176796000235?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0147176796000235?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Bar-Tal, Daniel} } @article {6145, title = {Husbands involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness in Axum town, Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2017}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, keywords = {Birth preparedness, Complication readiness, Husband involvement}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-019-2338-z}, url = {https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-019-2338-z}, author = {Baraki, Zeray and Wendem, Fthi and Gerensea, Hadgu and Teklay, Hafte} } @inbook {562, title = {Treating War Trauma in Children and Youth from the Former Yugoslavia}, booktitle = {Managing Multiethnic Local Communities in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative. Open Society Insitute}, organization = {Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative. Open Society Insitute}, address = {Budapest}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Maternal_Responsiveness.html?id=WNh-AAAAMAAJ}, author = {A. Barath}, editor = {N. Dimitrijevic} } @article {641, title = {Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada}, journal = {Journal of Community PsychologyJournal of Community PsychologyJournal of Community Psychology}, volume = {29}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, note = {426bc
Times Cited:67
Cited References Count:49}, month = {May}, pages = {259-280}, abstract = {

Informed by social ecological, social capital, and social disorganisation theories, this study tested an ecological model of youth experience In the Palestinian Intifada. The sample included 6,000 Palestinian 14 year olds, assessed in 1994 and 1995 after the end of the conflict. Data from retrospective self-reports of youth exposure to and involvement in political violence, and self-reports of current individual functioning (depression and antisocial behavior) and integration In several social contexts (family, peer relations, religion, education, and community), revealed: direct associations between Intifada experience and antisocial behavior and depression (females only; Intifada experience was positively associated with religiosity and unrelated to social integration in family, school, and peer relations; in some cases, social integration in family education, religion, and peer relations significantly moderated the associations between Intifada experience and youth problems; Integration in the several social contexts was directly related in predictable ways to youth problem behaviors, with neighborhood disorganisation the most consistent and Powerful predictor. The discussion centers around youth resilience to the effects of political violence, the role of psychological meaning children and adolescents can attach to political violence, and the overall salience of social integration in youth development. (C) 2001 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.

}, keywords = {children}, isbn = {0090-4392}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.1017}, author = {Barber, B. K.} } @article {253, title = {Connectedness in the lives of children and adolescents: a call for greater conceptual clarity.}, journal = {J Adolesc Health}, volume = {43}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Sep}, pages = {209-16}, abstract = {

Studies of the role of connectedness in the health and development of children and adolescents are accumulating rapidly. Although findings are uniformly consistent in documenting its correlation with a host of health indicators, the construct is in need of substantial conceptual clarification to maximize its research and applied utility. Current conceptualizations and operationalizations inconsistently span a wide spectrum of varied elements of social experience--including the quality of a relationship, the degree of liking an environment or relationship, the quality of performance in an environment or relationship, the possession of feelings or attitude states, and a combination of states and the behaviors that antecede them--resulting in an ability to adequately understand what the construct is and how, why, and when it is most protective. This paper documents this variability in an effort to sensitize researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to the complexity of the construct. It further describes one ongoing, multicultural research project that is currently informing international health initiatives as an illustration of one approach to addressing the complexity with goals of precision, parsimony, cultural sensitivity, and applied utility.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Child, Child Development, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male}, issn = {1879-1972}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.01.012}, author = {Barber, Brian K and Schluterman, Julie Mikles} } @article {252, title = {Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict--challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {461-73}, abstract = {

AIMS AND METHOD: Drawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict-affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations.

FINDINGS: The expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people\&$\#$39;s interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war\&$\#$39;s impact on the broader ecology of youth\&$\#$39;s lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Researchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross-cultural contexts.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Civil Disorders, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mental Disorders, Politics, Research, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12056}, author = {Barber, Brian K} } @article {694, title = {Political violence, social integration, and youth functioning: Palestinian youth from the Intifada}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {29}, year = {2001}, month = {Jan-05-2001}, pages = {259 - 280}, issn = {00904392}, doi = {10.1002/jcop.1017.abs}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.1017.abs}, author = {Barber, Brian K.} } @book {485, title = {Adolescents and War: How Youth Deal with Political Violence}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

Hundreds of thousands of children are forced or legally recruited combatants in no fewer than 70 warring parties across the world. In addition to these child soldiers, thousands of youth voluntarily participate in politically related conflict. Why, how, and in what capacities are such large numbers of teenagers involved in war, and how are they affected? This book brings together world experts in an evidence-based volume to thoroughly understand and document the intricacies of youth who have had substantial involvement in political violence. Contributors argue that the assumption that youth are automatically debilitated by the violence they experience is much too simplistic: effective care for youth must include an awareness of their motives and beliefs, the roles they played in the conflict, their relationships with others, and the opportunities available to them after their experiences with war. The book suggests that the meaning youth make of a conflict may protect them from mental harm.

}, keywords = {adolescents, child soldiers, children, political violence, War, youth}, isbn = {9780190451141}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.001.0001}, url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.001.0001/acprof-9780195343359}, author = {Barber, B.K.} } @article {5862, title = {Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description}, journal = {Dev Cogn NeurosciDev Cogn Neurosci}, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, note = {1878-9307
Barch, Deanna M
Albaugh, Matthew D
Avenevoli, Shelli
Chang, Linda
Clark, Duncan B
Glantz, Meyer D
Hudziak, James J
Jernigan, Terry L
Tapert, Susan F
Yurgelun-Todd, Debbie
Alia-Klein, Nelly
Potter, Alexandra S
Paulus, Martin P
Prouty, Devin
Zucker, Robert A
Sher, Kenneth J
U24 DA041147/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 DA041528/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041120/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
K05 AA017242/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041134/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041022/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041089/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041106/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041117/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041028/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041148/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
U01 DA041174/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Netherlands
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010. Epub 2017 Nov 3.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {55-66}, edition = {2017/11/09}, abstract = {The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study incorporates a comprehensive range of measures assessing predictors and outcomes related to both mental and physical health across childhood and adolescence. The workgroup developed a battery that would assess a comprehensive range of domains that address study aims while minimizing participant and family burden. We review the major considerations that went into deciding what constructs to cover in the demographics, physical health and mental health domains, as well as the process of selecting measures, piloting and refining the originally proposed battery. We present a description of the baseline battery, as well as the six-month interim assessments and the one-year follow-up assessments. This battery includes assessments from the perspectives of both the parent and the target youth, as well as teacher reports. This battery will provide a foundational baseline assessment of the youth{\textquoteright}s current function so as to permit characterization of stability and change in key domains over time. The findings from this battery will also be utilized to identify both resilience markers that predict healthy development and risk factors for later adverse outcomes in physical health, mental health, and substance use and abuse.}, keywords = {*Assessment, *Mental Health, *Physical health, *Psychopathology, Adolescent, Brain/*growth \& development, Child, Cognition/*physiology, Demography/*methods, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health/*standards}, isbn = {1878-9293}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010}, author = {Barch, D. M. and Albaugh, M. D. and Avenevoli, S. and Chang, L. and Clark, D. B. and Glantz, M. D. and Hudziak, J. J. and Jernigan, T. L. and Tapert, S. F. and Yurgelun-Todd, D. and Alia-Klein, N. and Potter, A. S. and Paulus, M. P. and Prouty, D. and Zucker, R. A. and Sher, K. J.} } @article {255, title = {Children{\textquoteright}s physiological and emotional reactions to witnessing bullying predict bystander intervention.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan-Feb}, pages = {375-90}, abstract = {

Study goals were to explore whether children clustered into groups based on reactions to witnessing bullying and to examine whether these reactions predicted bullying intervention. Seventy-nine children (M = 10.80 years) watched bullying videos in the laboratory while their heart rate (HR) was measured, and they self-reported on negative emotion after each video. Bullying intervention was assessed by school peers. Two groups emerged based on reactions to the bullying videos: The Emotional group (43\% of children) displayed HR acceleration and reported high negative emotion, whereas the Unemotional group (57\% of children) showed HR deceleration and reported low negative emotion. Group membership predicted bullying intervention, with peers reporting that Emotional children were more likely to stop a bully than Unemotional children.

}, keywords = {Bullying, Child, Child Behavior, Crime Victims, Emotions, Empathy, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Peer Group, Schools, Self Report}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01839.x}, author = {Barhight, Lydia R and Hubbard, Julie A and Hyde, Christopher T} } @article {695, title = {Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers: Current Theoretical Issues in Ecology and Social Organization}, journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology}, volume = {12}, year = {1983}, month = {Jan-10-1983}, pages = {193 - 214}, issn = {0084-6570}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001205}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.001205}, author = {Barnard, A} } @inbook {563, title = {Maternal responsiveness and cognitive development in children}, booktitle = {Maternal Responsiveness: Characteristics and consequences}, year = {1989}, publisher = {Jassey-Bass}, organization = {Jassey-Bass}, address = {San Francisco}, url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1989-97652-000}, author = {M. H. Barnstein and C. S. Tamis-LeMonda}, editor = {M. H. Bornstein} } @article {256, title = {Developmental origins of non-communicable disease: implications for research and public health.}, journal = {Environ Health}, volume = {11}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {42}, abstract = {

This White Paper highlights the developmental period as a plastic phase, which allows the organism to adapt to changes in the environment to maintain or improve reproductive capability in part through sustained health. Plasticity is more prominent prenatally and during early postnatal life, i.e., during the time of cell differentiation and specific tissue formation. These developmental periods are highly sensitive to environmental factors, such as nutrients, environmental chemicals, drugs, infections and other stressors. Nutrient and toxicant effects share many of the same characteristics and reflect two sides of the same coin. In both cases, alterations in physiological functions can be induced and may lead to the development of non-communicable conditions. Many of the major diseases - and dysfunctions - that have increased substantially in prevalence over the last 40 years seem to be related in part to developmental factors associated with either nutritional imbalance or exposures to environmental chemicals. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept provides significant insight into new strategies for research and disease prevention and is sufficiently robust and repeatable across species, including humans, to require a policy and public health response. This White Paper therefore concludes that, as early development (in utero and during the first years of postnatal life) is particularly sensitive to developmental disruption by nutritional factors or environmental chemical exposures, with potentially adverse consequences for health later in life, both research and disease prevention strategies should focus more on these vulnerable life stages.

}, keywords = {Environmental Exposure, Epigenomics, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Human Development, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prevalence, Public Health}, issn = {1476-069X}, doi = {10.1186/1476-069X-11-42}, author = {Barouki, Robert and Gluckman, Peter D and Grandjean, Philippe and Hanson, Mark and Heindel, Jerrold J} } @article {5601, title = {Contributions of nonmaternal caregivers to infant feeding in a low-income African-American sample}, journal = {Maternal \& Child Nutrition}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-04-2020}, pages = {e12610}, doi = {10.1111/mcn.12610}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mcn.12610http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/mcn.12610/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fmcn.12610}, author = {Barrett, K. J. and Wasser, H. M. and Thompson, A. L. and Bentley, M. E.} } @article {5476, title = {Early childhood development: a new challenge for the SDG era}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {2016}, note = {Barros, Aluisio J D
Ewerling, Fernanda
eng
Comment
England
2016/11/20 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e873-e874. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30298-4.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e873-e874}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Public Health, Child, Preschool, Humans}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30298-4}, author = {Barros, A. J. and Ewerling, F.} } @article {257, title = {A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {114}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Feb}, pages = {171-83}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the electroencephalography (EEG) literature in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD).

METHODS: The review briefly outlines the history of the disorder, focusing on the changing diagnostic systems which both reflect and constrain research into AD/HD. Both qualitative and quantitative EEG studies are examined, and their results are discussed in relation to various models of AD/HD. Implications of these data for future research and development in AD/HD are considered.

RESULTS: In terms of resting EEG, elevated relative theta power, and reduced relative alpha and beta, together with elevated theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios, are most reliably associated with AD/HD. Theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios also discriminate diagnostic subgroups of AD/HD. Recent studies of EEG heterogeneity in this disorder indicate the existence of different profiles of cortical anomalies which may cut across diagnostic types.

CONCLUSIONS: The research to date has identified a substantial number of EEG correlates of AD/HD which hold promise for improving our understanding of the brain dysfunction(s) underlying the disorder. Further work in this field may benefit from a broader conceptual approach, integrating EEG and other measures of brain function.

}, keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Electroencephalography, Humans}, issn = {1388-2457}, doi = {10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00362-0}, author = {Barry, Robert J and Clarke, Adam R and Johnstone, Stuart J} } @article {5777, title = {Access and Quality of Education for International Migrant Children}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNESCO}, abstract = {

Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015 \"Education for All 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges\".

}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002324/232474e.pdf}, author = {Bartlett, L.} } @article {258, title = {Social effects of oxytocin in humans: context and person matter.}, journal = {Trends Cogn Sci}, volume = {15}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul}, pages = {301-9}, abstract = {

Building on animal research, the past decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the effects of oxytocin on social cognition and prosocial behavior in humans. This work has generated considerable excitement about identifying the neurochemical underpinnings of sociality in humans, and discovering compounds to treat social functioning deficits. Inspection of the literature, however, reveals that the effects of oxytocin in the social domain are often weak and/or inconsistent. We propose that this literature can be informed by an interactionist approach in which the effects of oxytocin are constrained by features of situations and/or individuals. We show how this approach can improve understanding of extant research, suggest novel mechanisms through which oxytocin might operate, and refine predictions about oxytocin pharmacotherapy.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Oxytocin, Social Behavior}, issn = {1879-307X}, doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.002}, author = {Bartz, Jennifer A and Zaki, Jamil and Bolger, Niall and Ochsner, Kevin N} } @article {166, title = {Oxytocin selectively improves empathic accuracy.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {21}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {1426-8}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Empathy, Humans, Individuality, Male, Oxytocin, Theory of Mind, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-9280}, doi = {10.1177/0956797610383439}, author = {Bartz, Jennifer A and Zaki, Jamil and Bolger, Niall and Hollander, Eric and Ludwig, Natasha N and Kolevzon, Alexander and Ochsner, Kevin N} } @article {259, title = {Effects of oxytocin on recollections of maternal care and closeness.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {107}, year = {2010}, pages = {21371-5}, abstract = {

Although the infant-caregiver attachment bond is critical to survival, little is known about the biological mechanisms supporting attachment representations in humans. Oxytocin plays a key role in attachment bond formation and maintenance in animals and thus could be expected to affect attachment representations in humans. To investigate this possibility, we administered 24 IU intranasal oxytocin to healthy male adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study and then assessed memories of childhood maternal care and closeness--two features of the attachment bond. We found that the effects of oxytocin were moderated by the attachment representations people possess, with less anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as more caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo) but more anxiously attached individuals remembering their mother as less caring and close after oxytocin (vs. placebo). These data contrast with the popular notion that oxytocin has broad positive effects on social perception and are more consistent with the animal literature, which emphasizes oxytocin\&$\#$39;s role in encoding social memories and linking those memories to the reward value of the social stimulus.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Animals, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Memory, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Placebos, Social Perception}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1012669107}, author = {Bartz, Jennifer A and Zaki, Jamil and Ochsner, Kevin N and Bolger, Niall and Kolevzon, Alexander and Ludwig, Natasha and Lydon, John E} } @inbook {564, title = {Prosocial Behavior and Altruism}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Social Psychology}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, pages = {282-316}, publisher = {McGraw-HIll}, organization = {McGraw-HIll}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/title/handbook-of-social-psychology/oclc/36520942}, author = {C. D. Batson}, editor = {D. Gilbert et al.} } @article {260, title = {Oxytocin shapes the neural circuitry of trust and trust adaptation in humans.}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {58}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May 22}, pages = {639-50}, abstract = {

Trust and betrayal of trust are ubiquitous in human societies. Recent behavioral evidence shows that the neuropeptide oxytocin increases trust among humans, thus offering a unique chance of gaining a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying trust and the adaptation to breach of trust. We examined the neural circuitry of trusting behavior by combining the intranasal, double-blind, administration of oxytocin with fMRI. We find that subjects in the oxytocin group show no change in their trusting behavior after they learned that their trust had been breached several times while subjects receiving placebo decrease their trust. This difference in trust adaptation is associated with a specific reduction in activation in the amygdala, the midbrain regions, and the dorsal striatum in subjects receiving oxytocin, suggesting that neural systems mediating fear processing (amygdala and midbrain regions) and behavioral adaptations to feedback information (dorsal striatum) modulate oxytocin\&$\#$39;s effect on trust. These findings may help to develop deeper insights into mental disorders such as social phobia and autism, which are characterized by persistent fear or avoidance of social interactions.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Double-Blind Method, Games, Experimental, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Oxygen, Oxytocin, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Reaction Time, Risk-Taking, Trust}, issn = {1097-4199}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.009}, author = {Baumgartner, Thomas and Heinrichs, Markus and Vonlanthen, Aline and Fischbacher, Urs and Fehr, Ernst} } @article {645, title = {The Discipline Controversy Revisited}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, pages = {405-414}, publisher = {National Council on Family Relations}, abstract = {

Neither extreme position in the reincarnated discipline controversy offers parents an efficacious model of childrearing today, any more than it did 30 years ago when the authoritative model was developed as a viable alternative to both the conservative (authoritarian) model and the liberal (permissive) model. Each polarized model contains its germ of truth, but each demonizes the other. It is argued here that within a responsive and supportive parent-child relationship, prudent use of punishment is a necessary tool in the disciplinary encounter.

}, isbn = {01976664}, doi = {10.2307/585170}, author = {Baumrind, Diana} } @article {5969, title = {Children, Wired: For Better and for Worse}, journal = {Neuron}, volume = {67}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-09-2010}, pages = {692 - 701}, issn = {08966273}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035}, author = {Bavelier, Daphne and Green, C. Shawn and Dye, Matthew W.G.} } @article {261, title = {Three-year-old outcomes of a brief universal parenting intervention to prevent behaviour problems: randomised controlled trial.}, journal = {Arch Dis Child}, volume = {95}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {187-92}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a structured programme of parent anticipatory guidance \&$\#$39;Toddlers Without Tears,\&$\#$39; delivered in universal primary care, can prevent preschool child behaviour problems.

DESIGN: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: 40 primary care nursing centres (clusters) in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. 733 English-speaking mothers of 6- to 7-month-old infants consecutively recruited from well-child appointments; 589 (80\%) retained at age 3 years.

INTERVENTION: Parenting programme from age 8 to 15 months, with two group sessions co-led by well-child providers and a parenting expert. The programme addressed normal behaviour development and offered strategies to increase desired and reduce unwanted behaviour. While 93\% of intervention parents received at least some of the programme, only 49\% completed all components. Control Usual primary care.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal report of child externalising behaviour (Child Behaviour Checklist), parenting (Parent Behaviour Checklist) and maternal mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) when children were aged 3 years.

RESULTS: Behaviour scores in the intervention and control groups were similar (mean (SD)) 11.4 (7.1) versus 12.4 (7.6); adjusted mean difference -0.8, 95\% CI -2.2 to 0.6, p=0.26). On the parenting subscale scores, intervention parents reported fewer unreasonable expectations of child development (37.3 (10.9) vs 39.9 (10.2), adjusted mean difference -3.1, 95\% CI -4.9 to -1.4, p=0.001). The mean scores for harsh/abusive and nurturing parenting, and maternal mental health, were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: A brief universal parenting programme in primary care is insufficient to prevent development of preschool externalising problems. A new population trial targeting more intensive prevention to distressed parents with toddler behaviour problems is now under way, aiming to prevent externalising and internalising problems before school entry.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN77531789.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Health, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Program Evaluation, Socioeconomic Factors, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {1468-2044}, doi = {10.1136/adc.2009.168302}, author = {Bayer, Jordana K and Hiscock, Harriet and Ukoumunne, Obioha C and Scalzo, Katherine and Wake, Melissa} } @article {6517, title = {Parenting in a pandemic}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {BBC Parentland}, abstract = {How do you keep your family healthy and happy in the coronavirus lockdown? Mercy and Linda put your questions {\textendash} from giving birth in a pandemic to how to explain Covid-19 to kids - to two experts: Dr Pia Rebello Britto, UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Chief of Early Childhood Development, and Dr Steve Wall, Senior Director of Newborn Health at Save the Children.}, keywords = {COVID-19, pandemic, Parenting}, url = {https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p089psz9}, author = {BBC} } @article {6121, title = {Toxic Stress in Children}, journal = {MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-01-2019}, pages = {53}, issn = {0361-929X}, doi = {10.1097/NMC.0000000000000487}, url = {http://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00005721-201901000-00010http://journals.lww.com/mcnjournal/Fulltext/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000487}, author = {Beal, Judy A.} } @article {167, title = {Appetitive motivation predicts the neural response to facial signals of aggression.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar 12}, pages = {2719-25}, abstract = {

The \"behavioral approach system\" (BAS) (Gray, 1990) has been primarily associated with reward processing and positive affect. However, additional research has demonstrated that the BAS plays a role in aggressive behavior, heightened experience of anger, and increased attention to facial signals of aggression. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that variation in the BAS trait in healthy participants predicts activation in neural regions implicated in aggression when participants view facial signals of aggression in others. Increased BAS drive (appetitive motivation) was associated with increased amygdala activation and decreased ventral anterior cingulate and ventral striatal activation to facial signals of aggression, relative to sad and neutral expressions. In contrast, increased behavioral inhibition was associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate, a region involved in the perception of fear and threat. Our results provide the first demonstration that appetitive motivation constitutes a significant factor governing the function of neural regions implicated in aggression, and have implications for understanding clinical disorders of aggression.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Nerve Net, Photic Stimulation, Reward}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0033-08.2008}, author = {Beaver, John D and Lawrence, Andrew D and Passamonti, Luca and Calder, Andrew J} } @article {374, title = {Impact of an educational intervention on caregivers{\textquoteright} beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of shaken baby syndrome.}, journal = {Acad Pediatr}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Nov-Dec}, pages = {481-6}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of traumatic infant death. We examined whether the message about not shaking an infant should be included in the newborn anticipatory guidance provided by pediatric residents. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention (Take 5 Safety Plan for Crying) delivered by pediatric residents at newborn hospital discharge on beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS among caregivers of young infants being treated in an urban primary care center.

METHODS: Structured interviews were done in one convenience sample of caregivers before (historical control group) and in a second set of different caregivers after (intervention group) an educational intervention was implemented at hospital discharge. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted associations between the intervention and caregivers\&$\#$39; beliefs/knowledge.

RESULTS: One hundred ten caregivers were in the historical control group and 112 in the intervention group. The intervention group had more mothers and the infants were younger. Controlling for these differences, intervention group caregivers were more likely to state they would take a break if frustrated with infant crying (OR 3.10, 95\% CI, 1.62-5.93), were more likely to state frustration caused infant shaking (OR 2.21, 95\% CI, 1.20-4.20), and to state their knowledge of SBS was from hospital staff (OR 3.39, 95\% CI, 1.61-4.20).

CONCLUSION: This targeted postpartum intervention incorporated into newborn anticipatory guidance can influence caregivers\&$\#$39; beliefs about infant crying and knowledge of SBS.

}, keywords = {Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Caregivers, Child Abuse, Connecticut, Crying, Guideline Adherence, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant Behavior, Infant, Newborn, Interviews as Topic, Logistic Models, Male, Parents, Patient Education as Topic, Pediatrics, Shaken Baby Syndrome, Young Adult}, issn = {1876-2867}, doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2011.08.001}, author = {Bechtel, Kirsten and Le, Kim and Martin, Kimberly D and Shah, Niyati and Leventhal, John M and Colson, Eve} } @article {262, title = {Familiarity promotes the blurring of self and other in the neural representation of threat.}, journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Aug}, pages = {670-7}, abstract = {

Neurobiological investigations of empathy often support an embodied simulation account. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we monitored statistical associations between brain activations indicating self-focused threat to those indicating threats to a familiar friend or an unfamiliar stranger. Results in regions such as the anterior insula, putamen and supramarginal gyrus indicate that self-focused threat activations are robustly correlated with friend-focused threat activations but not stranger-focused threat activations. These results suggest that one of the defining features of human social bonding may be increasing levels of overlap between neural representations of self and other. This article presents a novel and important methodological approach to fMRI empathy studies, which informs how differences in brain activation can be detected in such studies and how covariate approaches can provide novel and important information regarding the brain and empathy.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Empathy, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Questionnaires, Recognition (Psychology), Young Adult}, issn = {1749-5024}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nss046}, author = {Beckes, Lane and Coan, James A and Hasselmo, Karen} } @article {263, title = {Nutritional supplementation in girls influences the growth of their children: prospective study in Guatemala.}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {90}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1372-9}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Better early childhood nutrition improves schooling, adult health, skills, and wages, but there is little evidence regarding its effect on the next generation.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether nutritional supplementation in children aged \<7 to 15 y affected their children\&$\#$39;s nutritional status 29-38 y later.

DESIGN: We studied 791 children 0-12 y who were offspring of 401 Guatemalan women who had participated as children in a nutritional supplementation trial in which 2 villages were randomly assigned to receive a nutritious supplement (atole) and 2 were assigned to receive a less-nutritious supplement (fresco). We compared anthropometric indicators between the offspring of mothers exposed to atole and the offspring of mothers exposed to fresco.

RESULTS: Compared with the offspring of women exposed to fresco, the offspring of women exposed to atole had a 116-g (95\% CI: 17, 215 g) higher birth weight, were 1.3-cm (0.4, 2.2 cm) taller, had a 0.6-cm (0.4, 0.9 cm) greater head circumference, had a 0.26 (0.09, 0.43) greater height-for-age z score, and had a 0.20 (0.02, 0.39) greater weight-for-age z score. The association for height differed by offspring sex. Sons of women exposed to atole were 2.0-cm (95\% CI: 1.0, 3.1 cm) taller than the sons of women exposed to fresco. Supplementation was not associated with 6 other offspring anthropometric indicators that reflect measures of adiposity. Supplementation in boys did not affect their children\&$\#$39;s anthropometric measures.

CONCLUSION: Nutritional supplementation in girls is associated with substantial increases in their offsprings\&$\#$39; (more for sons) birth weight, height, head circumference, height-for-age z score, and weight-for-age z score.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Body Size, Body Weight, Child, Dietary Supplements, Female, Growth, Guatemala, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Placebos, Pregnancy, Skinfold Thickness}, issn = {1938-3207}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.2009.27524}, author = {Behrman, Jere R and Calderon, Maria C and Preston, Samuel H and Hoddinott, John and Martorell, Reynaldo and Stein, Aryeh D} } @inbook {565, title = {Population Quantity, Quality and Mobility}, booktitle = {Towards a Better Global Economy: Policy Implications for Citizens Worldwide in the 21st Century}, year = {2014}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, organization = {OUP Oxford}, isbn = {9780191035135}, url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/towards-a-better-global-economy-9780198723455?cc=us\&lang=en\&}, author = {Behrman, J.R. and Kohler, H. P.}, editor = {Behrman, J.R.} } @article {646, title = {The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Mexican PROGRESA Anti-Poverty and Human Resource Investment Conditional Cash}, journal = {World DevelopmentWorld DevelopmentWorld Development}, volume = {38}, number = {10}, year = {2010}, note = {Sp. Iss. SI
670ec
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:20}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1473-1485}, abstract = {

The Mexican PROGRESA/Oportunidades anti-poverty and human resource conditional cash transfer (CCT) program has influenced considerably policies in many countries. The Mexican government engaged the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to undertake the initial evaluation of PROGRESA/Oportunidades. This paper considers:
(1) Was the PROGRESA program design influenced by prior IFPRI research?
(2) Why was IFPRI chosen to undertake the initial impact evaluation of PROGRESA?
(3) How did the IFPRI evaluation of PROGRESA contribute to the program?
(4) Were there spillovers of the IFPRI evaluation of PROGRESA?
It concludes that estimated benefit cost ratios of IFPRI\&$\#$39;s evaluation of PROGESA considerably exceed one. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {conditional cash transfers, ifpri, latin america, mexico, progresa/oportunidades, project evaluation}, isbn = {0305-750x}, doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.06.007}, author = {Behrman, J. R.} } @article {882, title = {Methodologies to Evaluate Early Childhood Development Programs}, year = {2007}, institution = {The World Bank}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, keywords = {Child Development, early childhood development, methodologies}, url = {http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/383704-1146752240884/Doing_ie_series_09.pdf}, author = {Behrman, J.R. and Glewwe, P. and Miguel, E.} } @book {487, title = {Teaching Contested Narratives}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9781107663770}, url = {http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/psychology/educational-psychology/teaching-contested-narratives-identity-memory-and-reconciliation-peace-education-and-beyond}, author = {Bekerman, Z. and Zembylas, M.} } @article {5021, title = {Converging on child mental health - toward shared global action for child development}, journal = {Glob Ment Health (Camb)}, volume = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {Belkin, G
Wissow, L
Lund, C
Aber, L
Bhutta, Z
Black, M
Kieling, C
McGregor, S
Rahman, A
Servili, C
Walker, S
Yoshikawa, H
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
England
2017/12/13 06:00
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2017 Oct 19;4:e20. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2017.13. eCollection 2017.}, pages = {e20}, abstract = {We are a group of researchers and clinicians with collective experience in child survival, nutrition, cognitive and social development, and treatment of common mental conditions. We join together to welcome an expanded definition of child development to guide global approaches to child health and overall social development. We call for resolve to integrate maternal and child mental health with child health, nutrition, and development services and policies, and see this as fundamental to the health and sustainable development of societies. We suggest specific steps toward achieving this objective, with associated global organizational and resource commitments. In particular, we call for a Global Planning Summit to establish a much needed Global Alliance for Child Development and Mental Health in all Policies.}, keywords = {Child Development, child mental health, Global Action, governance, Mental Health, prevention, Promotion, Public Health approach, Quality Improvement, Social Determinants of health, Social Emotional Development, systems-thinking, Task-shifting}, isbn = {2054-4251 (Print)
2054-4251 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1017/gmh.2017.13}, author = {Belkin, G. and Wissow, L. and Lund, C. and Aber, L. and Bhutta, Z. and Black, M. and Kieling, C. and McGregor, S. and Rahman, A. and Servili, C. and Walker, S. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @inbook {566, title = {Building, Imagining, and Experiencing Europe: Institutions and Identities in the European Union}, booktitle = {An Anthropology of the European Union}, year = {2000}, pages = {1-27}, publisher = {Berg}, organization = {Berg}, address = {Oxford}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Anthropology-European-Union-Imagining-Experiencing/dp/1859733298}, author = {I. Bellier and T. Wilson}, editor = {I. Bellier and T. Wilson} } @article {5863, title = {The intergenerational transmission of parenting: introduction to the special section}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {1939-0599
Belsky, Jay
Conger, Rand
Capaldi, Deborah M
R01 HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Introductory Journal Article
United States
Dev Psychol. 2009 Sep;45(5):1201-4. doi: 10.1037/a0016245.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1201-4}, edition = {2009/08/26}, abstract = {Long-standing interest in the intergenerational transmission of parenting has stimulated work focused on child maltreatment, harsh parenting, and warm-supportive rearing. In addition to documenting significant, even if modest, continuity in parenting across generations, research in this area has addressed questions of mediation and moderation. This special section extends work in this general area, with 2 studies further chronicling intergenerational transmission and 3 further illuminating mechanisms through which parenting in 1 generation is repeated in a subsequent generation. Lacking, however, is high-quality work highlighting the conditions under which parenting is not transmitted across generations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Negotiating, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0016245}, author = {Belsky, J. and Conger, R. and Capaldi, D. M.} } @article {648, title = {War, trauma and children{\textquoteright}s development: Observations from a modern evolutionary perspective}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, year = {2008}, note = {332wr
Times Cited:23
Cited References Count:115}, month = {Jul}, pages = {260-271}, abstract = {

Lethal intergroup conflict has been part of the human experience ever since our species emerged on the African savannah. Modern evolutionary thinking suggests that children\&$\#$39;s development could have evolved a variety of responses to it, some of which are highlighted upon considering, from the field of behavioural ecology, life-history theory and, derived from it, Belsky, Steinberg and Draper\&$\#$39;s ( 1991) evolutionary theory of socialization. This speculative essay examines the implications of such thinking, specifically with regard to insecure attachment, anxiety, depression, aggression, pubertal and sexual development, as well as mating and parenting. Considered, too, are issues of intergenerational transmission and variation in developmental reactivity to exposure to deadly political violence of the ethnic-cleansing variety in childhood.

}, keywords = {Aggression, aggressive-behavior, Anxiety, behavior problems, Depression, disorganized attachment, evolution, families, holocaust survivors, infant attachment, marital conflict, Parenting, political violence, psychological adjustment, reproductive strategy, stress}, isbn = {0165-0254}, doi = {10.1177/0165025408090969}, author = {Belsky, J.} } @article {647, title = {Variation in Susceptibility to Environmental Influence: An Evolutionary Argument}, journal = {Psychological Inquiry}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {1997}, month = {1997/07/01}, pages = {182-186}, publisher = {Routledge}, isbn = {1047-840X}, doi = {10.1207/s15327965pli0803_3}, author = {Belsky, Jay} } @article {6016, title = {Genetics and the geography of health, behaviour and attainment}, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, year = {2019}, month = {Aug-04-2019}, keywords = {genetics, geography}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-019-0562-1}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0562-1http://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0562-1.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0562-1.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0562-1}, author = {Belsky, Daniel W. and Caspi, Avshalom and Arseneault, Louise and Corcoran, David L. and Domingue, Benjamin W. and Harris, Kathleen Mullan and Houts, Renate M. and Mill, Jonathan S. and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Prinz, Joseph and Sugden, Karen and Wertz, Jasmin and Williams, Benjamin and Odgers, Candice L.} } @article {265, title = {Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: and evolutionary theory of socialization.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {62}, year = {1991}, pages = {647-70}, abstract = {

The concept of \"reproductive strategy\" drawn from the field of behavioral ecology is applied to the study of childhood experience and interpersonal development in order to develop an evolutionary theory of socialization. The theory is presented in terms of 2 divergent development pathways considered to promote reproductive success in the contexts in which they have arisen. One is characterized, in childhood, by a stressful rearing environment and the development of insecure attachments to parents and subsequent behavior problems; in adolescence by early pubertal development and precocious sexuality; and, in adulthood, by unstable pair bonds and limited investment in child rearing, whereas the other is characterized by the opposite. The relation between this theory and prevailing theories of socialization, specifically, attachment, social-learning, and discrete-emotions theory, is considered and research consistent with our evolutionary theory is reviewed. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Reproduction, Sociology}, issn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01558.x}, author = {Belsky, J and Steinberg, L and Draper, P} } @article {375, title = {Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study.}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {332}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jun 24}, pages = {1476}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) on children and their families. To assess whether variations in the effectiveness of SSLPs are due to differences in implementation.

DESIGN: Quasi-experimental cross sectional study using interviews with mothers and cognitive assessment of children aged 36 months who speak English.

SETTING: Socially deprived communities in England: 150 communities with ongoing SSLPs and 50 comparison communities.

PARTICIPANTS: Mothers of 12,575 children aged 9 months and 3927 children aged 36 months in SSLP areas; mothers of 1509 children aged 9 months and 1101 children aged 36 months in comparison communities.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Mothers\&$\#$39; reports of community services and local area, family functioning and parenting skills, child health and development, and verbal ability at 36 months.

RESULTS: Differences between SSLP areas and comparison areas were limited, small, and varied by degree of social deprivation. SSLPs had beneficial effects on non-teenage mothers (better parenting, better social functioning in children) and adverse effects on children of teenage mothers (poorer social functioning) and children of single parents or parents who did not work (lower verbal ability). SSLPs led by health services were slightly more effective than other SSLPs.

CONCLUSION: SSLPs seem to benefit relatively less socially deprived parents (who have greater personal resources) and their children but seem to have an adverse effect on the most disadvantaged children. Programmes led by health services seem to be more effective than programmes led by other agencies.

}, keywords = {Child Development, Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services, Cross-Sectional Studies, Early Intervention (Education), England, Family Health, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Mothers, Phonetics, Poverty Areas, Program Evaluation}, issn = {1756-1833}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.38853.451748.2F}, author = {Belsky, Jay and Melhuish, Edward and Barnes, Jacqueline and Leyland, Alastair H and Romaniuk, Helena} } @article {264, title = {Beyond risk, resilience, and dysregulation: phenotypic plasticity and human development.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {25}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {1243-61}, abstract = {

We provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the claim that individual differences exist in developmental plasticity and that phenotypic plasticity should be a subject of study in its own right. To advance this argument, we begin by highlighting challenges that evolutionary thinking poses for a science of development and psychopathology, including for the diathesis-stress framework that has (fruitfully) guided so much empirical inquiry on developmental risk, resilience, and dysregulation. With this foundation laid, we raise a series of issues that the differential-susceptibility hypothesis calls attention to, while highlighting findings that have emerged over just the past several years and are pertinent to some of the questions posed. Even though it is clear that this new perspective on Person \× Environment interaction is stimulating research and influencing how hypotheses are framed and data interpreted, a great many topics remain that need empirical attention. Our intention is to encourage students of development and psychopathology to treat phenotypic plasticity as an individual-difference construct while exploring unknowns in the differential-susceptibility equation.

}, keywords = {Biological Evolution, Humans, Individuality, Mental Disorders, Phenotype, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Environment}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S095457941300059X}, author = {Belsky, Jay and Pluess, Michael} } @article {649, title = {For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences}, journal = {Current Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological ScienceCurrent Directions in Psychological Science}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, year = {2007}, note = {234te
Times Cited:344
Cited References Count:25}, month = {Dec}, pages = {300-304}, abstract = {

Evidence that adverse rearing environments exert negative effects particularly on children presumed \"vulnerable\" for temperamental or genetic reasons may actually reflect something else: heightened susceptibility to the negative effects of risky environments and to the beneficial effects of supportive environments. Building on Belsky\&$\#$39;s (1997, 2005) evolutionary-inspired proposition that some children are more affected-both for better and for worse-by their rearing experiences than are others, we consider recent work on child vulnerability, including that involving measured genes, along with evidence showing that putatively vulnerable children are especially susceptible to both positive and negative rearing effects. We also consider methodological issues and unanswered questions in the differential-susceptibility equation.

}, keywords = {attachment, Behavior, childhood, differential susceptibility, Gene-Environment Interaction, infants, Parenting, sensitivity, Socialization, Temperament}, isbn = {0963-7214}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00525.x}, author = {Belsky, J. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. and van IJzendoorn, M. H.} } @article {5271, title = {An assessment of antenatal care among Syrian refugees in Lebanon}, journal = {Confl Health}, volume = {9}, year = {2015}, note = {Benage, Matthew
Greenough, P Gregg
Vinck, Patrick
Omeira, Nada
Pham, Phuong
eng
England
2015/03/06 06:00
Confl Health. 2015 Feb 26;9:8. doi: 10.1186/s13031-015-0035-8. eCollection 2015.}, pages = {8}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: After more than three years of violence in Syria, Lebanon hosts over one million Syrian refugees creating significant public health concerns. Antenatal care delivery to tens of thousands of pregnant Syrian refugee women is critical to preventing maternal and fetal mortality but is not well characterized given the multiple factors obtaining health data in a displaced population. This study describes antenatal care access, the scope of existing antenatal care, and antenatal and family planning behaviors and practice among pregnant Syrian refugees in various living conditions and multiple geographic areas of Lebanon. METHODS: A field-based survey was conducted between July and October 2013 in 14 main geographic sites of refugee concentration. The assessment evaluated antenatal services among a non-randomized sample of 420 self-identified pregnant Syrian refugee women that included demographics, gestational age, living accommodation, antenatal care coverage, antenatal care content, antenatal health behaviors, antenatal health literacy, and family planning perception and practices. RESULTS: In total, 420 pregnant Syrian refugees living in Lebanon completed the survey. Of these, 82.9\% (348) received some antenatal care. Of those with at least one antenatal visit, 222 (63.8\%) received care attended by a skilled professional three or more times, 111 (31.9\%) 1-2 times, and 15 (4.3\%) had never received skilled antenatal care. We assessed antenatal care content defined by blood pressure measurement, and urine and blood sample analyses. Of those who had received any antenatal care, only 31.2\% received all three interventions, 18.2\% received two out of three, 32.1\% received one out of three, and 18.5\% received no interventions. Only (41.2\%) had an adequate diet of vitamins, minerals, and folic acid. Access, content and health behaviors varied by gestational age, type of accommodation and location in Lebanon. CONCLUSIONS: Standards of antenatal care are not being met for pregnant Syrian refugee women in Lebanon. This descriptive analysis of relative frequencies suggests reproductive health providers should focus attention on increasing antenatal care visits, particularly to third trimester and late gestational age patients and to those in less secure sheltering arrangements. With this approach they can improve care content by providing early testing and interventions per accepted guidelines designed to improve pregnancy outcomes.}, keywords = {Antenatal, Contraception, Family planning, Lebanon, Refugee, Reproductive health, Syria}, isbn = {1752-1505 (Print)
1752-1505 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1186/s13031-015-0035-8}, author = {Benage, M. and Greenough, P. G. and Vinck, P. and Omeira, N. and Pham, P.} } @article {4611, title = {Gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour: a latent variable approach}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {10}, year = {2013}, note = {Bentley, Mary Jane
Lin, Haiqun
Fernandez, Thomas V
Lee, Maria
Yrigollen, Carolyn M
Pakstis, Andrew J
Katsovich, Liliya
Olds, David L
Grigorenko, Elena L
Leckman, James F
eng
R25 MH077823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01DA021624/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01DA216240/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA021624/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
2013/07/05 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;54(10):1074-85. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12109. Epub 2013 Jul 3.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1074-85}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if a latent variable approach might be useful in identifying shared variance across genetic risk alleles that is associated with antisocial behaviour at age 15 years. METHODS: Using a conventional latent variable approach, we derived an antisocial phenotype in 328 adolescents utilizing data from a 15-year follow-up of a randomized trial of a prenatal and infancy nurse-home visitation programme in Elmira, New York. We then investigated, via a novel latent variable approach, 450 informative genetic polymorphisms in 71 genes previously associated with antisocial behaviour, drug use, affiliative behaviours and stress response in 241 consenting individuals for whom DNA was available. Haplotype and Pathway analyses were also performed. RESULTS: Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from eight genes contributed to the latent genetic variable that in turn accounted for 16.0\% of the variance within the latent antisocial phenotype. The number of risk alleles was linearly related to the latent antisocial variable scores. Haplotypes that included the putative risk alleles for all eight genes were also associated with higher latent antisocial variable scores. In addition, 33 SNPs from 63 of the remaining genes were also significant when added to the final model. Many of these genes interact on a molecular level, forming molecular networks. The results support a role for genes related to dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, opioid and cholinergic signalling as well as stress response pathways in mediating susceptibility to antisocial behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study supports use of relevant behavioural indicators and latent variable approaches to study the potential {\textquoteright}co-action{\textquoteright} of gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour. It also underscores the cumulative relevance of common genetic variants for understanding the aetiology of complex behaviour. If replicated in future studies, this approach may allow the identification of a {\textquoteright}shared{\textquoteright} variance across genetic risk alleles associated with complex neuropsychiatric dimensional phenotypes using relatively small numbers of well-characterized research participants.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*physiology, Antisocial behaviour, Antisocial Personality Disorder/*genetics, co-action of gene variants, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Humans, latent variable analysis, Male, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Pilot Projects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Reaction Time/genetics, shared variance}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12109}, author = {Bentley, M. J. and Lin, H. and Fernandez, T. V. and Lee, M. and Yrigollen, C. M. and Pakstis, A. J. and Katsovich, L. and Olds, D. L. and Grigorenko, E. L. and Leckman, J. F.} } @book {488, title = {Resolving International Conflicts: The Theory and Practice of Mediation}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Lynne Rienner Publishers}, organization = {Lynne Rienner Publishers}, isbn = {9781555876012}, url = {https://www.rienner.com/title/Resolving_International_Conflicts_The_Theory_and_Practice}, author = {Bercovitch, J.} } @article {266, title = {Genetic syndromes caused by mutations in epigenetic genes.}, journal = {Hum Genet}, volume = {132}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {359-83}, abstract = {

The orchestrated organization of epigenetic factors that control chromatin dynamism, including DNA methylation, histone marks, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and chromatin-remodeling proteins, is essential for the proper function of tissue homeostasis, cell identity and development. Indeed, deregulation of epigenetic profiles has been described in several human pathologies, including complex diseases (such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases), metabolic pathologies (type 2 diabetes and obesity) and imprinting disorders. Over the last decade it has become increasingly clear that mutations of genes involved in epigenetic mechanism, such as DNA methyltransferases, methyl-binding domain proteins, histone deacetylases, histone methylases and members of the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelers are linked to human disorders, including Immunodeficiency Centromeric instability Facial syndrome 1, Rett syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, Sotos syndrome or alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked syndrome, among others. As new members of the epigenetic machinery are described, the number of human syndromes associated with epigenetic alterations increases. As recent examples, mutations of histone demethylases and members of the non-coding RNA machinery have recently been associated with Kabuki syndrome, Claes-Jensen X-linked mental retardation syndrome and Goiter syndrome. In this review, we describe the variety of germline mutations of epigenetic modifiers that are known to be associated with human disorders, and discuss the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs as palliative care strategies in the treatment of such disorders.

}, keywords = {Animals, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Syndrome}, issn = {1432-1203}, doi = {10.1007/s00439-013-1271-x}, author = {Berdasco, Mar{\'\i}a and Esteller, Manel} } @article {5446, title = {The science of early adversity: is there a role for large institutions in the care of vulnerable children?}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {386}, number = {9991}, year = {2015}, note = {Berens, Anne E
Nelson, Charles A
eng
MH091363/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
England
2015/02/02 06:00
Lancet. 2015 Jul 25;386(9991):388-98. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61131-4. Epub 2015 Jan 29.}, month = {Jul 25}, pages = {388-98}, abstract = {It has been more than 80 years since researchers in child psychiatry first documented developmental delays among children separated from family environments and placed in orphanages or other institutions. Informed by such findings, global conventions, including the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, assert a child{\textquoteright}s right to care within a family-like environment that offers individualised support. Nevertheless, an estimated 8 million children are presently growing up in congregate care institutions. Common reasons for institutionalisation include orphaning, abandonment due to poverty, abuse in families of origin, disability, and mental illness. Although the practice remains widespread, a robust body of scientific work suggests that institutionalisation in early childhood can incur developmental damage across diverse domains. Specific deficits have been documented in areas including physical growth, cognitive function, neurodevelopment, and social-psychological health. Effects seem most pronounced when children have least access to individualised caregiving, and when deprivation coincides with early developmental sensitive periods. Offering hope, early interventions that place institutionalised children into families have afforded substantial recovery. The strength of scientific evidence imparts urgency to efforts to achieve deinstitutionalisation in global child protection sectors, and to intervene early for individual children experiencing deprivation.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, Brain/growth \& development, Child, Child Development, Child, Institutionalized/*psychology, Deinstitutionalization, Developmental Disabilities/etiology/*prevention \& control, Humans, Institutionalization, Orphanages, Social Support}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Berens, A. E. and Nelson, C. A.} } @article {267, title = {Maternal stress during pregnancy predicts cognitive ability and fearfulness in infancy.}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {46}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Nov}, pages = {1454-63}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of prenatal stress on cognition and behavioral fearfulness in infants.

METHOD: Mothers were recruited at amniocentesis at Queen Charlotte\&$\#$39;s and Chelsea Hospital, London, between 2001 and 2005, and recalled when their children were 14 to 19 months to assess cognitive development using the Bayley Scales and fearfulness using the Lab-TAB. Measures of prenatal and postnatal life events and current psychological state were collected at the postnatal visit.

RESULTS: Prenatal stress predicted both mental development (rs = -0.39, n = 123 p \< .0001) and observed fearfulness (rs = 0.33, n = 106, p \< .001); the magnitude of effect was essentially unchanged after covarying postnatal stressors, maternal education and psychological state, exposures to medications and substances during pregnancy, and birth outcomes. Prenatal stress accounted for 17\% of the variance in cognitive ability and 10\% of the variance in observed fearfulness. The correlation between mental development and fearfulness was minimal (r = -0.06, not significant). Prenatal partner relationship strain accounted for 73.5\% and 75.0\% of the prenatal stress related variance on infant cognitive and fearfulness scores, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen previous research that suggests that fetal programming can be important for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes. They imply that the mechanisms by which mental development and fearfulness are affected are different and that prenatal stress due to relationship strain may warrant particular attention.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Fear, Female, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Mothers, Phobic Disorders, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1097/chi.0b013e31814a62f6}, author = {Bergman, Kristin and Sarkar, Pampa and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Thomas G and Modi, Neena and Glover, Vivette} } @article {268, title = {Enhancing attachment organization among maltreated children: results of a randomized clinical trial.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Mar-Apr}, pages = {623-36}, abstract = {

Young children who have experienced early adversity are at risk for developing disorganized attachments. The efficacy of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), an intervention targeting nurturing care among parents identified as being at risk for neglecting their young children, was evaluated through a randomized clinical trial. Attachment quality was assessed in the Strange Situation for 120 children between 11.7 and 31.9 months of age (M = 19.1, SD = 5.5). Children in the ABC intervention showed significantly lower rates of disorganized attachment (32\%) and higher rates of secure attachment (52\%) relative to the control intervention (57\% and 33\%, respectively). These results support the efficacy of the ABC intervention in enhancing attachment quality among parents at high risk for maltreatment.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01712.x}, author = {Bernard, Kristin and Dozier, Mary and Bick, Johanna and Lewis-Morrarty, Erin and Lindhiem, Oliver and Carlson, Elizabeth} } @article {5694, title = {Early Childhood Matters Magazine }, year = {2018}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, url = {http://earlychildhoodmagazine.org/}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {5744, title = {Early Childhood Matters | Special Issue "A good start: Advances in early childhood development"}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul 2015}, pages = {1-106}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood care and education}, url = {https://bernardvanleer.org/publications-reports/a-good-start-advances-in-early-childhood-development/}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {6316, title = {Young children and families in crisis and displacement: Selected articles from our Early Childhood Matters publication}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {The Netherlands}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {forced displacement, refugee and migrant children, refugee families}, url = {https://bernardvanleer.org/app/uploads/2019/12/BVLF19_ECM_booklet_ENG_digital.pdf}, author = {BernardvanLeerFoundation} } @article {269, title = {Parochial altruism in humans.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {442}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Aug 24}, pages = {912-5}, abstract = {

Social norms and the associated altruistic behaviours are decisive for the evolution of human cooperation and the maintenance of social order, and they affect family life, politics and economic interactions. However, as altruistic norm compliance and norm enforcement often emerge in the context of inter-group conflicts, they are likely to be shaped by parochialism--a preference for favouring the members of one\&$\#$39;s ethnic, racial or language group. We have conducted punishment experiments, which allow \&$\#$39;impartial\&$\#$39; observers to punish norm violators, with indigenous groups in Papua New Guinea. Here we show that these experiments confirm the prediction of parochialism. We found that punishers protect ingroup victims--who suffer from a norm violation--much more than they do outgroup victims, regardless of the norm violator\&$\#$39;s group affiliation. Norm violators also expect that punishers will be lenient if the latter belong to their social group. As a consequence, norm violations occur more often if the punisher and the norm violator belong to the same group. Our results are puzzling for evolutionary multi-level selection theories based on selective group extinction as well as for theories of individual selection; they also indicate the need to explicitly examine the interactions between individuals stemming from different groups in evolutionary models.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Altruism, Biological Evolution, Game Theory, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Papua New Guinea, Punishment}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature04981}, author = {Bernhard, Helen and Fischbacher, Urs and Fehr, Ernst} } @book {489, title = {South African Child Gauge 2013}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Children{\textquoteright}s Institute, University of Cape Town}, organization = {Children{\textquoteright}s Institute, University of Cape Town}, isbn = {9780799224986}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=RorhoAEACAAJ}, author = {Berry, L. and University of Cape Town. Children{\textquoteright}s Institute} } @article {5451, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Bershteyn, Anna
Lyons, Hil M
Sivam, Dhileep
Myhrvold, Nathan P
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2015/01/27 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Feb;3(2):e79-80. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70382-1.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e79-80}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Bershteyn, A. and Lyons, H. M. and Sivam, D. and Myhrvold, N. P.} } @article {6211, title = {Early Childhood Education and Care Physical Environment and Child Development: State of the art and Reflections on Future Orientations and Methodologies}, journal = {Educational Psychology Review}, year = {2019}, month = {Sep-05-2019}, keywords = {Adults{\textquoteright} perceptions, Child Development, Children{\textquoteright}s perceptions, Early childhood education and care services, Physical environment}, issn = {1040-726X}, doi = {10.1007/s10648-019-09486-0}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10648-019-09486-0}, author = {Berti, Sara and Cigala, Ada and Sharmahd, Nima} } @article {4901, title = {Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Borisova, Ivelina
Williams, Timothy P
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Rubin-Smith, Julia E
Annan, Jeannie
Kohrt, Brandon A
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
England
2012/10/16 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Jan;54(1):17-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x. Epub 2012 Oct 12.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {17-36}, abstract = {AIMS AND SCOPE: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age <18 years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG)--commonly referred to as child soldiers. METHODS: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the systematic assessment of quality in observational research (SAQOR). FINDINGS: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring.}, keywords = {*Mental Health, *Resilience, Psychological, *Social Adjustment, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/etiology/rehabilitation, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova, I. and Williams, T. P. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Rubin-Smith, J. E. and Annan, J. and Kohrt, B. A.} } @article {4761, title = {Optimizing an Era of Global Mental Health Implementation Science}, journal = {JAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {73}, number = {2}, year = {2016}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Chambers, David A
eng
Review
2016/01/01 06:00
JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;73(2):99-100. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2705.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {99-100}, keywords = {*Global Health, *Health Services Research, *Mental Health Services, Humans}, isbn = {2168-6238 (Electronic)
2168-622X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Chambers, D. A.} } @article {4781, title = {Identifying Priorities for Mental Health Interventions in War-Affected Youth: A Longitudinal Study}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {136}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Gilman, Stephen E
Brennan, Robert T
Zahn, Ista
VanderWeele, Tyler J
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01ES017876/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/
R01HD073349-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/07/08 06:00
Pediatrics. 2015 Aug;136(2):e344-50. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1521. Epub 2015 Jul 6.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e344-50}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: War-affected youth often suffer from multiple co-occurring mental health problems. These youth often live in low-resource settings where it may be infeasible to provide mental health services that simultaneously address all of these co-occurring mental health issues. It is therefore important to identify the areas where targeted interventions would do the most good. METHODS: This analysis uses observational data from 3 waves of a longitudinal study on mental health in a sample of 529 war-affected youth (24.2\% female; ages 10-17 at T1, 2002) in Sierra Leone. We regressed 4 mental health outcomes at T3 (2008) on internalizing (depression/anxiety) and externalizing (hostility/aggression) problems and prosocial attitudes/behaviors and community variables at T2 (2004) controlling for demographics, war exposures, and previous mental health scores at T1, allowing us to assess the relative impact of potential mental health intervention targets in shaping mental health outcomes over time. RESULTS: Controlling for baseline covariates at T1 and all other exposures/potential intervention targets at T2, we observed a significant association between internalizing problems at T2 and 3 of the 4 outcomes at T3: internalizing (beta = 0.27, 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.42), prosocial attitudes (beta = -0.20, 95\% CI: -0.33 to -0.07) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (beta = 0.22, 95\% CI: 0.02-0.43). No other potential intervention target had similar substantial effects. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in internalizing may have multiple benefits for other mental health outcomes at a later point in time, even after controlling for confounding variables.}, keywords = {*Health Priorities, *Mental Health Services, *Needs Assessment, *Warfare, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*therapy, Sierra Leone}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Gilman, S. E. and Brennan, R. T. and Zahn, I. and VanderWeele, T. J.} } @article {4946, title = {Attending to the mental health of war-affected children: the need for longitudinal and developmental research perspectives}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Comment
Editorial
2011/03/23 06:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;50(4):323-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.008.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {323-5}, keywords = {*Afghan Campaign 2001-, *Developing Countries, *Life Change Events, *Resilience, Psychological, *Social Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*diagnosis}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4831, title = {We left one war and came to another: resource loss, acculturative stress, and caregiver-child relationships in Somali refugee families}, journal = {Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Abdi, Saida
Ito, Brandon S
Lilienthal, Grace M
Agalab, Naima
Ellis, Heidi
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
2U79SM060444/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/
5U79SM058141/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2014/08/05 06:00
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2015 Jan;21(1):114-25. doi: 10.1037/a0037538. Epub 2014 Aug 4.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {114-25}, abstract = {Refugee families often encounter a number of acculturative and resettlement stressors as they make lives for themselves in host countries. These difficulties may be compounded by past trauma and violence exposure, posing increased risk for mental health problems. Greater knowledge is needed about protective processes contributing to positive development and adjustment in refugee families despite risk (e.g., resilience). The aims of this research were to identify and examine strengths and resources utilized by Somali refugee children and families in the Boston area to overcome resettlement and acculturative stressors. We used maximum variation sampling to conduct a total of 9 focus groups: 5 focus groups (total participants N = 30) among Somali refugee adolescents and youth, capturing gender and a range of ages (15 to 25 years), as well as 4 focus groups of Somali refugee mothers and fathers in groups (total participants N = 32) stratified by gender. Drawing from conservation of resources theory (COR), we identified 5 forms of resources comprising individual, family, and collective/community strengths: religious faith, healthy family communication, support networks, and peer support. "Community talk" was identified as a community dynamic having both negative and positive implications for family functioning. Protective resources among Somali refugee children and families can help to offset acculturative and resettlement stressors. Many of these locally occurring protective resources have the potential to be leveraged by family and community-based interventions. These findings are being used to design preventative interventions that build on local strengths among Somali refugees in the Boston area.}, keywords = {*Acculturation, Adolescent, Adult, Boston, Caregivers/*psychology, Family/ethnology/*psychology, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Refugees/*psychology, Somalia/ethnology, Stress, Psychological/ethnology/*etiology, Warfare, Young Adult}, isbn = {1099-9809 (Print)
1077-341X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Abdi, S. and Ito, B. S. and Lilienthal, G. M. and Agalab, N. and Ellis, H.} } @article {272, title = {Interventions for children affected by war: an ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care.}, journal = {Harv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {21}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {70-91}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. To date, a range of psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric interventions has been used to address mental health needs in these groups.

AIMS: To provide an overview of peer-reviewed psychosocial and mental health interventions designed to address mental health needs of conflict-affected children, and to highlight areas in which policy and research need strengthening.

METHODS: We used standard review methodology to identify interventions aimed at improving or treating mental health problems in conflict-affected youth. An ecological lens was used to organize studies according to the individual, family, peer/school, and community factors targeted by each intervention. Interventions were also evaluated for their orientation toward prevention, treatment, or maintenance, and for the strength of the scientific evidence of reported effects.

RESULTS: Of 2305 studies returned from online searches of the literature and 21 sources identified through bibliography mining, 58 qualified for full review, with 40 peer-reviewed studies included in the final narrative synthesis. Overall, the peer-reviewed literature focused largely on school-based interventions. Very few family and community-based interventions have been empirically evaluated. Only two studies assessed multilevel or stepped-care packages.

CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base on effective and efficacious interventions for conflict-affected youth requires strengthening. Postconflict development agendas must be retooled to target the vulnerabilities characterizing conflict-affected youth, and these approaches must be collaborative across bodies responsible for the care of youth and families.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy, War}, issn = {1465-7309}, doi = {10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E and Charrow, Alexandra P and Tol, Wietse A} } @article {4991, title = {The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: protective processes and pathways to resilience}, journal = {Int Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
Khan, Kashif Tanveer
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Review
England
2008/06/24 09:00
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;20(3):317-28. doi: 10.1080/09540260802090363.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {317-28}, abstract = {This paper examines the concept of resilience in the context of children affected by armed conflict. Resilience has been frequently viewed as a unique quality of certain {\textquoteright}invulnerable{\textquoteright} children. In contrast, this paper argues that a number of protective processes contribute to resilient mental health outcomes in children when considered through the lens of the child{\textquoteright}s social ecology. While available research has made important contributions to understanding risk factors for negative mental health consequences of war-related violence and loss, the focus on trauma alone has resulted in inadequate attention to factors associated with resilient mental health outcomes. This paper presents key studies in the literature that address the interplay between risk and protective processes in the mental health of war-affected children from an ecological, developmental perspective. It suggests that further research on war-affected children should pay particular attention to coping and meaning making at the individual level; the role of attachment relationships, caregiver health, resources and connection in the family, and social support available in peer and extended social networks. Cultural and community influences such as attitudes towards mental health and healing as well as the meaning given to the experience of war itself are also important aspects of the larger social ecology.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Child, Orphaned/psychology, Community Mental Health Services, Cultural Characteristics, culture, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Refugees/psychology, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*psychology/therapy}, isbn = {1369-1627 (Electronic)
0954-0261 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Khan, K. T.} } @article {4801, title = {The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {56}, number = {10}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan K
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/02/11 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;56(10):1101-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12389. Epub 2015 Feb 9.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1101-7}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trauma from witnessing events such as bombings and killings as well as direct victimization or participation in violence has been associated with psychosocial distress and poor mental health among war-exposed children and adolescents. This study examines the relationship between caregiver mental health and child internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms over a 4-year period in postconflict Sierra Leone. METHODS: The sample included 118 adolescent Sierra Leonean youth (73\% male; mean age = 16.5 years at Time 1) and their caregivers (40\% male; mean age = 39.0 at Time 1). To measure depression and anxiety symptoms, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used with adults and the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment - previously validated for use with children and adolescents in the region - was used to assess youth. A multivariate hierarchical linear model (HLM) for studying change within dyads was implemented to study covariation in internalizing symptoms among caregivers and youth over time; these models also included covariates at the individual, family and community levels. The relationship of caregiver mental health to child{\textquoteright}s internalizing was tested in a latent variable extension of the HLM. RESULTS: The latent variable extension estimated that a one standard deviation (SD) change in caregiver anxiety/depression was associated with a .43 SD change in youth internalizing (p < .01) over the 4-year period. Family acceptance was negatively related to youth internalizing (p < .001), while community stigma was positively associated (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight an important interplay between caregiver and child mental health within the postconflict setting and the need for psychosocial interventions to extend beyond the individual to account for family dynamics.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety/*psychology, Caregivers/psychology, Child, Depression, Depression/*psychology, dyadic analysis, Family Relations/psychology, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, intergenerational, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Psychological Trauma/*psychology, Sierra Leone, Social Stigma, War, Warfare and Armed Conflicts/*psychology}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. K. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4851, title = {Context matters: community characteristics and mental health among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, year = {2014}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01HD073349-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2013/10/10 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;55(3):217-26. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12131. Epub 2013 Sep 14.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {217-26}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Worldwide, over one billion children and adolescents live in war-affected settings. At present, only limited research has investigated linkages between disrupted social ecology and adverse mental health outcomes among war-affected youth. In this study, we examine three community-level characteristics - social disorder and collective efficacy within the community, as reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma as reported by youth - in relation to externalizing behaviors and internalizing symptoms among male and female former child soldiers in postconflict Sierra Leone. METHODS: A total of 243 former child soldiers (30\% female, mean age at baseline: 16.6 years) and their primary caregivers participated in interviews in 2004 and 2008, as part of a larger prospective cohort study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. Two-point growth models were estimated to examine the relationship between community-level characteristics and externalizing and internalizing outcomes across the time points. RESULTS: Both social disorder within the community, reported by caregivers, and perceived stigma, reported by youth, positively covaried with youths{\textquoteright} externalizing and internalizing scores - indicating that higher levels of each at baseline and follow-up were associated with higher levels of mental health problems at both time points (p < .05). The relationship between collective efficacy and mental health outcomes was nonsignificant (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a rare glimpse into the role that the postconflict social context plays in shaping the mental health among former child soldiers. Results indicate that both social disorder and perceived stigma within the community demonstrate an important relationship to externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent ex-combatants. Moreover, these relationships persisted over a 4-year period of follow-up. These results underscore the importance of the postconflict social environment and the need to develop postconflict interventions that address community-level processes in addition to the needs of families and individuals.}, keywords = {*Social Environment, *Social Stigma, *Warfare, Adolescent, Adult, child soldiers, Combat Disorders/complications, externalizing, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, internalizing, Male, Mental Disorders/etiology/*psychology, Mental Health, Military Personnel/psychology, Post-conflict, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone, Social ecology, War, Young Adult}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4706, title = {Comparing Trauma Exposure, Mental Health Needs, and Service Utilization Across Clinical Samples of Refugee, Immigrant, and U.S.-Origin Children}, journal = {J Trauma Stress}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Birman, Dina
Lee, Robert
Ellis, B Heidi
Layne, Christopher M
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
2017/06/07 06:00
J Trauma Stress. 2017 Jun;30(3):209-218. doi: 10.1002/jts.22186. Epub 2017 Jun 6.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {209-218}, abstract = {Most mental health services for trauma-exposed children and adolescents were not originally developed for refugees. Information is needed to help clinicians design services to address the consequences of trauma in refugee populations. We compared trauma exposure, psychological distress, and mental health service utilization among children and adolescents of refugee-origin, immigrant-origin, and U.S.-origin referred for assessment and treatment by U.S. providers in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). We used propensity score matching to compare trauma profiles, mental health needs, and service use across three groups. Our sample comprised refugee-origin youth (n = 60, 48.3\% female, mean age = 13.07 years) and propensity-matched samples of immigrant-origin youth (n = 143, 60.8\% female, mean age = 13.26 years), and U.S.-origin youth (n = 140, 56.1\% female, mean age = 12.11 years). On average, there were significantly more types of trauma exposure among refugee youth than either U.S.-origin youth (p < .001) or immigrant youth (p 0894-9867 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and Birman, D. and Lee, R. and Ellis, B. H. and Layne, C. M.} } @article {4756, title = {Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, year = {2016}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa
Smith Fawzi, Mary C
Stevenson, Anne
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Kirk, Catherine
Ng, Lauren
Mushashi, Christina
Bizimana, Justin I
Beardslee, William
Raviola, Giuseppe
Smith, Stephanie
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
Binagwaho, Agnes
eng
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH093310/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
2016/06/29 06:00
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 28;11(6):e0157042. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157042. eCollection 2016.}, pages = {e0157042}, abstract = {A "risk of harm" protocol to identify youth in need of immediate emergency assistance in a study on mental health and HIV in Rwanda among 680 youth ages 10-17 is described. Cases are presented that describe the experience in using this protocol to ensure safety of participants, with ethical and logistical challenges considered. Among the population of the study, 3.2\% were deemed "risk of harm." The most prevalent presenting problem was non-fatal suicidal behavior (91\% of risk of harm cases), with 36\% having a history of a reported previous attempt. Challenges included: acute food insecurity/significant poverty; lack of support/adequate supervision from family members; family violence; alcohol abuse; and HIV-related stigma. Development of a "risk of harm" protocol and collaboration between study staff, community leadership, health authorities, and health workers are critical to ensuring participants{\textquoteright} safety in research among vulnerable populations.}, keywords = {*Vulnerable Populations, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology, Adolescent, Child, Community-Based Participatory Research/*ethics/methods, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health/statistics \& numerical data, Rwanda, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Smith Fawzi, M. C. and Stevenson, A. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Kirk, C. and Ng, L. and Mushashi, C. and Bizimana, J. I. and Beardslee, W. and Raviola, G. and Smith, S. and Kayiteshonga, Y. and Binagwaho, A.} } @article {4941, title = {Using Mixed-Methods Research to Adapt and Evaluate a Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda}, journal = {Afr J Trauma Stress}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Stevenson, Anne
Ingabire, Charles
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Munyana, Morris
Mushashi, Christina
Teta, Sharon
Fayida, Ildephonse
Cyamatare, Felix Rwabukwisi
Stulac, Sara
Beardslee, William R
eng
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Uganda
2011/06/01 00:00
Afr J Trauma Stress. 2011 Jun;2(1):32-45.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {32-45}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Research in several international settings indicates that children and adolescents affected by HIV and other compounded adversities are at increased risk for a range of mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal. More intervention research is needed to develop valid measurement and intervention tools to address child mental health in such settings. OBJECTIVE: This article presents a collaborative mixed-methods approach to designing and evaluating a mental health intervention to assist families facing multiple adversities in Rwanda. METHODS: Qualitative methods were used to gain knowledge of culturally-relevant mental health problems in children and adolescents, individual, family and community resources, and contextual dynamics among HIV-affected families. This data was used to guide the selection and adaptation of mental health measures to assess intervention outcomes. Measures were subjected to a quantitative validation exercise. Qualitative data and community advisory board input also informed the selection and adaptation of a family-based preventive intervention to reduce the risk for mental health problems among children in families affected by HIV.. Community-based participatory methods were used to ensure that the intervention targeted relevant problems manifest in Rwandan children and families and built on local strengths. RESULTS: Qualitative data on culturally-appropriate practices for building resilience in vulnerable families has enriched the development of a Family-Strengthening Intervention (FSI). Input from community partners has also contributed to creating a feasible and culturally-relevant intervention. Mental health measures demonstrate strong performance in this population. CONCLUSION: The mixed-methods model discussed represents a refined, multi-phase protocol for incorporating qualitative data and community input in the development and evaluation of feasible, culturally-sound quantitative assessments and intervention models. The mixed-methods approach may be applied to research in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Stevenson, A. and Ingabire, C. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Munyana, M. and Mushashi, C. and Teta, S. and Fayida, I. and Cyamatare, F. R. and Stulac, S. and Beardslee, W. R.} } @article {4821, title = {A behavioral intervention for war-affected youth in Sierra Leone: a randomized controlled trial}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {53}, number = {12}, year = {2014}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Akinsulure-Smith, Adeyinka M
Brennan, Robert T
Weisz, John R
Hansen, Nathan B
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
5K01MH077246-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P30 AG024409/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
5P30AG024409-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
1F31MH097333-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
F31 MH097333/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/12/03 06:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;53(12):1288-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Oct 2.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1288-97}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Youth in war-affected regions are at risk for poor psychological, social, and educational outcomes. Effective interventions are needed to improve mental health, social behavior, and school functioning. This randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a 10-session cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based group mental health intervention for multisymptomatic war-affected youth (aged 15-24 years) in Sierra Leone. METHOD: War-affected youth identified by elevated distress and impairment via community screening were randomized (stratified by sex and age) to the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI) (n = 222) or to a control condition (n = 214). After treatment, youth were again randomized and offered an education subsidy immediately (n = 220) or waitlisted (n = 216). Emotion regulation, psychological distress, prosocial attitudes/behaviors, social support, functional impairment, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed at pre- and postintervention and at 6-month follow-up. For youth in school, enrollment, attendance, and classroom performance were assessed after 8 months. Linear mixed-effects regressions evaluated outcomes. RESULTS: The YRI showed significant postintervention effects on emotion regulation, prosocial attitudes/behaviors, social support, and reduced functional impairment, and significant follow-up effects on school enrollment, school attendance, and classroom behavior. In contrast, education subsidy was associated with better attendance but had no effect on mental health or functioning, school retention, or classroom behavior. Interactions between education subsidy and YRI were not significant. CONCLUSION: YRI produced acute improvements in mental health and functioning as well as longer-term effects on school engagement and behavior, suggesting potential to prepare war-affected youth for educational and other opportunities. Clinical trial registration information-Trial of the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI); http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01684488.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Adult, Cognitive Therapy/*methods, Female, Humans, intervention, Male, Mental Disorders/etiology/*therapy, Mental Health, randomized controlled trial, report no biomedical interests or potential conflicts of interest., Sierra Leone, Treatment Outcome, War-affected, Young Adult, youth}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Akinsulure-Smith, A. M. and Brennan, R. T. and Weisz, J. R. and Hansen, N. B.} } @article {271, title = {Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: examining conflict and postconflict factors.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {455-70}, abstract = {

Three waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine internalizing trajectories in 529 war-affected youth (ages 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female). Latent class growth analyses identified 4 trajectories: A large majority of youth maintained lower levels of internalizing problems (41.4\%) or significantly improved over time (47.6\%) despite very limited access to care, but smaller proportions continued to report severe difficulties 6\ years postwar (4.5\%) or their symptoms worsened (6.4\%). Continued internalizing problems were associated with loss of a caregiver, family abuse and neglect, and community stigma. Despite the comparative resilience of most war-affected youth in the face of extreme adversity, there remains a compelling need for interventions that address family- and community-level stressors.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Mental Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sierra Leone, War}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4986, title = {High Hopes, Grim Reality: Reintegration and the Education of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Comp Educ Rev}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {2008}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Simmons, Stephanie
Borisova, Ivelina
Brewer, Stephanie E
Iweala, Uzo
Soudiere, Marie de la
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
2009/04/02 09:00
Comp Educ Rev. 2008 Nov 1;52(4):565-587. doi: 10.1086/591298.}, month = {Nov 1}, pages = {565-587}, isbn = {0010-4086 (Print)
0010-4086 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Simmons, S. and Borisova, I. and Brewer, S. E. and Iweala, U. and Soudiere, M. D.} } @article {4681, title = {Commentary: Advancing an implementation science agenda on mental health and psychosocial responses in war-affected settings: comment on trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis - by Panter-Brick et al. (2018)}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, year = {2018}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Fazel, Mina
eng
England
2018/04/19 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 May;59(5):542-544. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12870.}, month = {May}, pages = {542-544}, abstract = {Syria{\textquoteright}s civil conflict has created the largest humanitarian disaster of our time, causing massive population displacement, tremendous exposure to trauma, and loss. Advancing the mental health and psychosocial responses of war-affected populations both during acute humanitarian emergencies and in post-conflict transition is imperative in forging a constructive implementation agenda. This study makes an important contribution in building evidence toward effective interventions to advance the mental health and well-being of those affected by the Syrian crisis. Using an innovative approach, this work demonstrates that a thoughtful, ethical, and scientifically valid trial can be carried out in the midst of mass displacement. Further research is urgently needed on the effectiveness of interventions for vulnerable populations, with a growing need to embed studies of evidence-based mental health interventions within humanitarian responses.}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Fazel, M.} } @article {4796, title = {Addressing health disparities in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents through community-based participatory research: a study in 2 communities}, journal = {Am J Public Health}, volume = {105 Suppl 3}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Frounfelker, Rochelle
Mishra, Tej
Hussein, Aweis
Falzarano, Rita
eng
R24 MD008057/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5R24MD008057-02/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2015/04/24 06:00
Am J Public Health. 2015 Jul;105 Suppl 3:S475-82. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504. Epub 2015 Apr 23.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {S475-82}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We sought to understand the problems, strengths, and help-seeking behaviors of Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees and determine local expressions of mental health problems among youths in both communities. METHODS: We used qualitative research methods to develop community needs assessments and identify local terms for child mental health problems among Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees in Greater Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts, between 2011 and 2014. A total of 56 Somali Bantu and 93 Bhutanese refugees participated in free list and key informant interviews. RESULTS: Financial and language barriers impeded the abilities of families to assist youths who were struggling academically and socially. Participants identified resources both within and outside the refugee community to help with these problems. Both communities identified areas of distress corresponding to Western concepts of conduct disorders, depression, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: There are numerous challenges faced by Somali Bantu and Bhutanese youths, as well as strengths and resources that promote resilience. Future steps include using culturally informed methods for identifying those in need of services and developing community-based prevention programs.}, keywords = {*Community-Based Participatory Research, *Health Services Needs and Demand, *Health Status Disparities, *Healthcare Disparities, Adolescent, Bhutan/ethnology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Massachusetts/epidemiology, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/*ethnology, Refugees/*psychology, Somalia/ethnology}, isbn = {1541-0048 (Electronic)
0090-0036 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Frounfelker, R. and Mishra, T. and Hussein, A. and Falzarano, R.} } @article {4961, title = {Sierra Leone{\textquoteright}s former child soldiers: a longitudinal study of risk, protective factors, and mental health}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Brennan, Robert T
Rubin-Smith, Julia
Fitzmaurice, Garrett M
Gilman, Stephen E
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2010/05/25 06:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;49(6):606-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.008. Epub 2010 May 1.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {606-15}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longitudinal course of internalizing and externalizing problems and adaptive/prosocial behaviors among Sierra Leonean former child soldiers and whether postconflict factors contribute to adverse or resilient mental health outcomes. METHOD: Male and female former child soldiers (N = 260, aged 10 to 17 years at baseline) were recruited from the roster of an non-governmental organization (NGO)-run Interim Care Center in Kono District and interviewed in 2002, 2004, and 2008. The retention rate was 69\%. Linear growth models were used to investigate trends related to war and postconflict experiences. RESULTS: The long-term mental health of former child soldiers was associated with war experiences and postconflict risk factors, which were partly mitigated by postconflict protective factors. Increases in externalizing behavior were associated with killing/injuring others during the war and postconflict stigma, whereas increased community acceptance was associated with decreases in externalizing problems (b = -1.09). High baseline levels of internalizing problems were associated with being raped, whereas increases were associated with younger involvement in armed groups and social and economic hardships. Improvements in internalizing problems were associated with higher levels of community acceptance and increases in community acceptance (b = -0.86). Decreases in adaptive/prosocial behaviors were associated with killing/injuring others during the war and postconflict stigma, but partially mitigated by social support, being in school and increased community acceptance (b = 1.93). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial interventions for former child soldiers may be more effective if they account for postconflict factors in addition to war exposures. Youth with accumulated risk factors, lack of protective factors, and persistent distress should be identified. Sustainable services to promote community acceptance, reduce stigma, and expand social supports and educational access are recommended.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Civil Disorders, *Developing Countries, *Internal-External Control, *Resilience, Psychological, *Social Adjustment, *Social Behavior, Adolescent, Aggression/psychology, Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Female, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/*psychology, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prejudice, Rape/psychology, Sierra Leone, Social Identification, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Violence/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Wounds and Injuries/psychology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Brennan, R. T. and Rubin-Smith, J. and Fitzmaurice, G. M. and Gilman, S. E.} } @article {4846, title = {Developing an African youth psychosocial assessment: an application of item response theory}, journal = {Int J Methods Psychiatr Res}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Yang, Frances
Bolton, Paul
Normand, Sharon-Lise
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/01/31 06:00
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jun;23(2):142-60. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1420. Epub 2014 Jan 30.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {142-60}, abstract = {This study aimed to refine a dimensional scale for measuring psychosocial adjustment in African youth using item response theory (IRT). A 60-item scale derived from qualitative data was administered to 667 war-affected adolescents (55\% female). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) determined the dimensionality of items based on goodness-of-fit indices. Items with loadings less than 0.4 were dropped. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the scale{\textquoteright}s dimensionality found under the EFA. Item discrimination and difficulty were estimated using a graded response model for each subscale using weighted least squares means and variances. Predictive validity was examined through correlations between IRT scores (theta) for each subscale and ratings of functional impairment. All models were assessed using goodness-of-fit and comparative fit indices. Fisher{\textquoteright}s Information curves examined item precision at different underlying ranges of each trait. Original scale items were optimized and reconfigured into an empirically-robust 41-item scale, the African Youth Psychosocial Assessment (AYPA). Refined subscales assess internalizing and externalizing problems, prosocial attitudes/behaviors and somatic complaints without medical cause. The AYPA is a refined dimensional assessment of emotional and behavioral problems in African youth with good psychometric properties. Validation studies in other cultures are recommended.}, keywords = {*Models, Theoretical, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Adolescent Development/*physiology, Africa, children and adolescents, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, item response theory (IRT), Male, mental health assessment, psychometric measurement, Psychometrics/*methods, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uganda}, isbn = {1557-0657 (Electronic)
1049-8931 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Yang, F. and Bolton, P. and Normand, S. L.} } @article {5006, title = {Building an evidence base on mental health interventions for children affected by armed conflict}, journal = {Intervention (Amstelveen)}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, year = {2008}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Williams, Timothy
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Netherlands
2008/01/01 00:00
Intervention (Amstelveen). 2008;6(1):39-56. doi: 10.1097/WTF.0b013e3282f761ff.}, pages = {39-56}, abstract = {This paper reviews what is currently known from research about the effectiveness of interventions to address mental health problems in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict. The focus will be on interventions delivered in conflict affected countries either during active humanitarian emergencies or during the post conflict period. The paper will discuss two main paradigms of intervention dominating the field: psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric approaches. The paper reviews some of the basic literature, theories and issues involved in assessment, programme planning, monitoring and evaluation of both approaches. In order to explore these issues in depth, the paper will draw from the author{\textquoteright}s field experiences with research in the Russian Federation and in northern Uganda. The paper also presents a brief review of a handful of other published evaluations of mental health interventions for war affected children. We will close with a discussion of what future research is needed to build an evidence base regarding mental health interventions for children affected by armed conflict as well as the ethical and feasibility issues associated with carrying out this work.}, isbn = {1571-8883 (Print)
1571-8883 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Williams, T.} } @article {4891, title = {Moderators of treatment effectiveness for war-affected youth with depression in northern Uganda}, journal = {J Adolesc Health}, volume = {51}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
Verdeli, Helen
Borisova, Ivelina
Neugebauer, Richard
Bass, Judith
Bolton, Paul
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/11/24 06:00
J Adolesc Health. 2012 Dec;51(6):544-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.010. Epub 2012 Apr 5.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {544-50}, abstract = {PURPOSE: As we build the evidence base of interventions for depression among war-affected youth, it is critical to understand factors moderating treatment outcomes. The current study investigated how gender and history of abduction by Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army rebels moderated treatment outcomes for war-affected youth. METHODS: The study-a three-armed, randomized, controlled trial-was conducted with internally displaced war-affected adolescents in northern Uganda. Participants with significant depression symptoms (N = 304; 57\% female; 14-17 years of age) were randomly assigned to an interpersonal psychotherapy group (IPT-G), a creative play/recreation group, or a wait-list control condition. Secondary analyses were conducted on data from this randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: A history of abduction by Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army rebels was reported by 42\% of the sample. Gender and abduction history interacted to moderate the effectiveness of IPT-G for the treatment of depression. In the IPT-G intervention arm, treatment effectiveness was greatest among female subjects without an abduction history, with effect size = 1.06. IPT-G was effective for the treatment of depression for both male and female subjects with a history of abduction (effect size = .92 and .50, respectively). Male subjects with no abduction history in IPT-G showed no significant improvement compared with those in the control conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Abduction history and gender are potentially important moderators of treatment effects, suggesting that these factors need to be considered when providing interventions for war-affected youth. IPT-G may be an effective intervention for female subjects without an abduction history, as well as for both male and female former child soldiers, but less so for male subjects without an abduction history.}, keywords = {*Psychology, Adolescent, *Warfare, Adolescent, Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Psychotherapy/*methods, Refugees/*psychology, Sex Distribution, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy, Treatment Outcome, Uganda}, isbn = {1879-1972 (Electronic)
1054-139X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T. and Verdeli, H. and Borisova, I. and Neugebauer, R. and Bass, J. and Bolton, P.} } @article {4936, title = {Sierra Leone{\textquoteright}s child soldiers: war exposures and mental health problems by gender}, journal = {J Adolesc HealthJ Adolesc Health}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Borisova, Ivelina I
de la Soudiere, Marie
Williamson, John
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2011/06/28 06:00
J Adolesc Health. 2011 Jul;49(1):21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.021. Epub 2010 Dec 24.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {21-8}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To examine associations between war experiences, mental health, and gender in a sample of male and female Sierra Leonean former child soldiers. METHODS: A total of 273 former child soldiers (29\% females) were assessed for depression and anxiety by using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist, and for hostility, confidence, and prosocial attitudes by using an instrument developed for use with Sierra Leonean child soldiers. RESULTS: The former child soldiers had witnessed and perpetrated violence at largely comparable rates, although females experienced higher rates of rape (p < .0001). More females scored within clinical ranges for depression (p = .008) and anxiety (p < .0001). In multiple regression analyses, female gender was a significant predictor of lower levels of confidence but not of mental health problems. Children who perpetrated injury or killing reported greater levels of depression (p < .0001), anxiety (p < .0001), and hostility (p < .0001). Surviving rape was associated with increased anxiety (p < .05) and hostility (p < .05), in males. Surviving rape was also related to higher confidence levels (p < .05) and prosocial attitudes (p < .05). Male former child soldiers who lost caregivers were also more vulnerable to depression (p < .05) and anxiety (p < .05), strong and significant effects noted among male child soldiers. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, female and male child soldiers experienced comparable levels of most war exposures. Female soldiers reported higher rates of rape and lower levels of adaptive outcomes. Toxic forms of violence (killing or injuring; rape) were associated with particularly poor outcomes. Although all boys and girls who experience rape and loss of caregivers are generally at risk for mental health problems, boys in our sample demonstrated increased vulnerability; these findings indicate a need for more inclusive mental health services.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Military Personnel/*psychology, Sex Factors, Sierra Leone/epidemiology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1879-1972 (Electronic)
1054-139X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova,, II and de la Soudiere, M. and Williamson, J.} } @article {7380, title = {Promoting parent-child relationships and preventing violence via home-visiting: a pre-post cluster randomised trial among Rwandan families linked to social protection programmesAbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsTrial registration}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, keywords = {early childhood development, father engagement, home visiting, Poverty, social protection, Violence}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-08693-7}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-08693-7}, author = {Betancourt, Theresa S. and Jensen, Sarah K. G. and Barnhart, Dale A. and Brennan, Robert T. and Murray, Shauna M. and Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Farrar, Jordan and Godfroid, Kalisa and Bazubagira, Stephanie M. and Rawlings, Laura B. and Wilson, Briana and Sezibera, Vincent and Kamurase, Alex} } @article {270, title = {Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers--systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan}, pages = {17-36}, abstract = {

AIMS AND SCOPE: This article reviews the available quantitative research on psychosocial adjustment and mental health among children (age \<18\ years) associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG)--commonly referred to as child soldiers.

METHODS: PRISMA standards for systematic reviews were used to search PubMed, PsycInfo, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts in February 2012 for all articles on former child soldiers and CAAFAG. Twenty-one quantitative studies from 10 countries were analyzed for author, year of publication, journal, objectives, design, selection population, setting, instruments, prevalence estimates, and associations with war experiences. Opinion pieces, editorials, and qualitative studies were deemed beyond the scope of this study. Quality of evidence was rated according to the systematic assessment of quality in observational research (SAQOR).

FINDINGS: According to SAQOR criteria, among the available published studies, eight studies were of high quality, four were of moderate quality, and the remaining nine were of low quality. Common limitations were lack of validated mental health measures, unclear methodology including undefined sampling approaches, and failure to report missing data. Only five studies included a comparison group of youth not involved with armed forces/armed groups, and only five studies assessed mental health at more than one point in time. Across studies, a number of risk and protective factors were associated with postconflict psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration in CAAFAG. Abduction, age of conscription, exposure to violence, gender, and community stigma were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Family acceptance, social support, and educational/economic opportunities were associated with improved psychosocial adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS: Research on the social reintegration and psychosocial adjustment of former child soldiers is nascent. A number of gaps in the available literature warrant future study. Recommendations to bolster the evidence base on psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers and other war-affected youth include more studies comprising longitudinal study designs, and validated cross-cultural instruments for assessing mental health, as well as more integrated community-based approaches to study design and research monitoring.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Military Personnel, Prevalence, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Adjustment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, War}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova, Ivelina and Williams, Timothy P and Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E and Rubin-Smith, Julia E and Annan, Jeannie and Kohrt, Brandon A} } @article {4981, title = {A qualitative study of mental health problems among children displaced by war in northern Uganda}, journal = {Transcult PsychiatryTranscult Psychiatry}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
Speelman, Liesbeth
Onyango, Grace
Bolton, Paul
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2009/06/23 09:00
Transcult Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;46(2):238-56. doi: 10.1177/1363461509105815.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {238-56}, abstract = {While multiple studies have found that children affected by war are at increased risk for a range of mental health problems, little research has investigated how mental health problems are perceived locally. In this study we used a previously developed rapid ethnographic assessment method to explore local perceptions of mental health problems among children and adults from the Acholi ethnic group displaced by the war in northern Uganda. We conducted 45 free list interviews and 57 key informant interviews. The rapid assessment approach appears to have worked well for interviewing caretakers and children aged 10-17 years. We describe several locally defined syndromes: two tam/par/kumu (depression and dysthymia-like syndromes), ma lwor (a mixed anxiety and depression-like syndrome), and a category of conduct problems referred to as kwo maraco/gin lugero. The descriptions of these local syndromes were similar to western mood, anxiety and conduct disorders, but included culture-specific elements.}, keywords = {*Cross-Cultural Comparison, *Developing Countries, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis/*ethnology/psychology, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/*ethnology/psychology, Dysthymic Disorder/diagnosis/*ethnology/psychology, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Refugees/*psychology, Social Problems/psychology, Uganda}, isbn = {1363-4615 (Print)
1363-4615 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Speelman, L. and Onyango, G. and Bolton, P.} } @article {4866, title = {Interventions for children affected by war: an ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care}, journal = {Harv Rev PsychiatryHarv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {21}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah E
Charrow, Alexandra P
Tol, Wietse A
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Review
2013/05/10 06:00
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2013 Mar-Apr;21(2):70-91. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {70-91}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. To date, a range of psychosocial approaches and clinical/psychiatric interventions has been used to address mental health needs in these groups. AIMS: To provide an overview of peer-reviewed psychosocial and mental health interventions designed to address mental health needs of conflict-affected children, and to highlight areas in which policy and research need strengthening. METHODS: We used standard review methodology to identify interventions aimed at improving or treating mental health problems in conflict-affected youth. An ecological lens was used to organize studies according to the individual, family, peer/school, and community factors targeted by each intervention. Interventions were also evaluated for their orientation toward prevention, treatment, or maintenance, and for the strength of the scientific evidence of reported effects. RESULTS: Of 2305 studies returned from online searches of the literature and 21 sources identified through bibliography mining, 58 qualified for full review, with 40 peer-reviewed studies included in the final narrative synthesis. Overall, the peer-reviewed literature focused largely on school-based interventions. Very few family and community-based interventions have been empirically evaluated. Only two studies assessed multilevel or stepped-care packages. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base on effective and efficacious interventions for conflict-affected youth requires strengthening. Postconflict development agendas must be retooled to target the vulnerabilities characterizing conflict-affected youth, and these approaches must be collaborative across bodies responsible for the care of youth and families.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders/etiology/prevention \& control/*therapy, Mental Health Services/*standards, Psychotherapy/methods/*standards}, isbn = {1465-7309 (Electronic)
1067-3229 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Meyers-Ohki, S. E. and Charrow, A. P. and Tol, W. A.} } @article {4771, title = {Development of the SAFE Checklist Tool for Assessing Site-Level Threats to Child Protection: Use of Delphi Methods and Application to Two Sites in India}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {10}, number = {11}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Zuilkowski, Stephanie S
Ravichandran, Arathi
Einhorn, Honora
Arora, Nikita
Bhattacharya Chakravarty, Aruna
Brennan, Robert T
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/11/06 06:00
PLoS One. 2015 Nov 5;10(11):e0141222. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141222. eCollection 2015.}, pages = {e0141222}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The child protection community is increasingly focused on developing tools to assess threats to child protection and the basic security needs and rights of children and families living in adverse circumstances. Although tremendous advances have been made to improve measurement of individual child health status or household functioning for use in low-resource settings, little attention has been paid to a more diverse array of settings in which many children in adversity spend time and how context contributes to threats to child protection. The SAFE model posits that insecurity in any of the following fundamental domains threatens security in the others: Safety/freedom from harm; Access to basic physiological needs and healthcare; Family and connection to others; Education and economic security. Site-level tools are needed in order to monitor the conditions that can dramatically undermine or support healthy child growth, development and emotional and behavioral health. From refugee camps and orphanages to schools and housing complexes, site-level threats exist that are not well captured by commonly used measures of child health and well-being or assessments of single households (e.g., SDQ, HOME). METHODS: The present study presents a methodology and the development of a scale for assessing site-level child protection threats in various settings of adversity. A modified Delphi panel process was enhanced with two stages of expert review in core content areas as well as review by experts in instrument development, and field pilot testing. RESULTS: Field testing in two diverse sites in India-a construction site and a railway station-revealed that the resulting SAFE instrument was sensitive to the differences between the sites from the standpoint of core child protection issues.}, keywords = {*Child Protective Services/methods/statistics \& numerical data, Checklist, Child, Construction Industry, Delphi Technique, Humans, India, Railroads, Safety/standards}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Zuilkowski, S. S. and Ravichandran, A. and Einhorn, H. and Arora, N. and Bhattacharya Chakravarty, A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4956, title = {A Longitudinal Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration among Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Int Psychiatry}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
England
2010/07/01 00:00
Int Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;7(3):60-62.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {60-62}, isbn = {1749-3676 (Print)
1749-3676 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5001, title = {Child soldiers: reintegration, pathways to recovery, and reflections from the field}, journal = {J Dev Behav Pediatr}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
eng
2008/04/15 09:00
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2008 Apr;29(2):138-41. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31816be946.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {138-41}, keywords = {*Relief Work, *Warfare, Child, Child Abuse/*rehabilitation, Crime/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Sierra Leone, Uganda}, isbn = {0196-206X (Print)
0196-206X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4696, title = {War-Related Traumas and Mental Health Across Generations}, journal = {JAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {75}, number = {1}, year = {2018}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Thomson, Dana
VanderWeele, Tyler J
eng
2017/12/01 06:00
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 1;75(1):5-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3530.}, month = {Jan 1}, pages = {5-6}, isbn = {2168-6238 (Electronic)
2168-622X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Thomson, D. and VanderWeele, T. J.} } @article {4886, title = {Validating the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children in Rwanda}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {51}, number = {12}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa
Scorza, Pamela
Meyers-Ohki, Sarah
Mushashi, Christina
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
Binagwaho, Agnes
Stulac, Sara
Beardslee, William R
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R34MH084679-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01MH077246-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/12/04 06:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;51(12):1284-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Nov 8.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1284-92}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We assessed the validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) as a screen for depression in Rwandan children and adolescents. Although the CES-DC is widely used for depression screening in high-income countries, its validity in low-income and culturally diverse settings, including sub-Saharan Africa, is unknown. METHOD: The CES-DC was selected based on alignment with local expressions of depression-like problems in Rwandan children and adolescents. To examine criterion validity, we compared CES-DC scores to depression diagnoses on a structured diagnostic interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI KID), in a sample of 367 Rwandan children and adolescents aged 10 through 17 years. Caregiver and child or adolescent self-reports endorsing the presence of local depression-like problems agahinda kenshi (persistent sorrow) and kwiheba (severe hopelessness) were also examined for agreement with MINI KID diagnosis. RESULTS: The CES-DC exhibited good internal reliability (alpha = .86) and test-retest reliability (r = .85). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CES-DC was 0.825 when compared to MINI KID diagnoses, indicating a strong ability to distinguish between depressed and nondepressed children and adolescents in Rwanda. A cut point of>/=30 corresponded with a sensitivity of 81.9\% and a specificity of 71.9\% in this referred sample. MINI KID diagnosis was well aligned with local expressions of depression-like problems. CONCLUSION: The CES-DC demonstrates good psychometric properties for clinical screening and evaluation in Rwanda, and should be considered for use in this and other low-resource settings. Population samples are needed to determine a generalizable cut point in nonreferred samples.}, keywords = {*Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, *Mass Screening/methods/standards, Adolescent, Behavioral Symptoms/*diagnosis, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards, Reproducibility of Results, ROC Curve, Rwanda/epidemiology, Translations}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Scorza, P. and Meyers-Ohki, S. and Mushashi, C. and Kayiteshonga, Y. and Binagwaho, A. and Stulac, S. and Beardslee, W. R.} } @article {4746, title = {Correction: Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {11}, number = {9}, year = {2016}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Smith Fawzi, Mary C
Stevenson, Anne
Kanyanganzi, Fredrick
Kirk, Catherine
Ng, Lauren
Mushashi, Christina
Bizimana, Justin
Beardslee, William
Raviola, Giuseppe
Smith, Stephanie
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
Binagwaho, Agnes
eng
Published Erratum
2016/09/16 06:00
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 15;11(9):e0163384. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163384. eCollection 2016.}, pages = {e0163384}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157042.].}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Smith Fawzi, M. C. and Stevenson, A. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Kirk, C. and Ng, L. and Mushashi, C. and Bizimana, J. and Beardslee, W. and Raviola, G. and Smith, S. and Kayiteshonga, Y. and Binagwaho, A.} } @article {4811, title = {The intergenerational effect of war}, journal = {JAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
2015/01/08 06:00
JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):199-200. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2669.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {199-200}, keywords = {*Intergenerational Relations, *Warfare, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Humans, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {2168-6238 (Electronic)
2168-622X (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4861, title = {Post-traumatic stress symptoms among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone: follow-up study}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {203}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
McBain, Ryan
Brennan, Robert T
eng
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH07724601A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2013/07/28 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Sep;203(3):196-202. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113514. Epub 2013 Jul 25.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {196-202}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Former child soldiers are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the trajectory of symptoms has yet to be examined. AIMS: The risk and protective factors associated with PTSD symptom change among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone were investigated. METHOD: Data from 243 former child soldiers (mean age 16.6 years, 30\% female) were analysed. RESULTS: Self-reported rates of possible PTSD using standard cut-off points declined from 32\% to 16\% 4 years later (P<0.05). Symptoms of PTSD at baseline were significantly associated with war experiences (P<0.01) and post-conflict family abuse (P<0.001). Reliable improvement in symptoms was reported by 30\%. In growth models examining symptom change, worsening of symptoms was associated with death of a parent (P<0.05) and post-conflict stigma (P<0.001). Protective effects were observed for increases in family acceptance (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated improvement in PTSD symptoms among former child soldiers despite limited access to care. Family and community support played a vital part in promoting psychological adjustment.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Combat Disorders/*epidemiology/rehabilitation, Family Relations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Prospective Studies, Sierra Leone/epidemiology, Stereotyping, Violence/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and McBain, R. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4906, title = {Trajectories of internalizing problems in war-affected Sierra Leonean youth: examining conflict and postconflict factors}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
McBain, Ryan
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Brennan, Robert T
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/09/26 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Mar-Apr;84(2):455-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.x. Epub 2012 Sep 24.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {455-70}, abstract = {Three waves of data from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine internalizing trajectories in 529 war-affected youth (ages 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female). Latent class growth analyses identified 4 trajectories: A large majority of youth maintained lower levels of internalizing problems (41.4\%) or significantly improved over time (47.6\%) despite very limited access to care, but smaller proportions continued to report severe difficulties 6 years postwar (4.5\%) or their symptoms worsened (6.4\%). Continued internalizing problems were associated with loss of a caregiver, family abuse and neglect, and community stigma. Despite the comparative resilience of most war-affected youth in the face of extreme adversity, there remains a compelling need for interventions that address family- and community-level stressors.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Internal-External Control, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sierra Leone}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and McBain, R. and Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T.} } @article {4951, title = {Sierra Leone{\textquoteright}s former child soldiers: a follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
Borisova, Ivelina Ivanova
Williams, Timothy Philip
Brennan, Robert T
Whitfield, Theodore H
de la Soudiere, Marie
Williamson, John
Gilman, Stephen E
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2010/07/20 06:00
Child Dev. 2010 Jul-Aug;81(4):1077-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x.}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {1077-95}, abstract = {This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10-18; n = 156, 12\% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had higher levels of anxiety and hostility but also demonstrated greater confidence and prosocial attitudes at follow-up. Of the potential protective resources examined, improved community acceptance was associated with reduced depression at follow-up and improved confidence and prosocial attitudes regardless of levels of violence exposure. Retention in school was also associated with greater prosocial attitudes.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Social Adjustment, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hostility, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychology, Child, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Borisova,, II and Williams, T. P. and Brennan, R. T. and Whitfield, T. H. and de la Soudiere, M. and Williamson, J. and Gilman, S. E.} } @article {4881, title = {Trauma history and psychopathology in war-affected refugee children referred for trauma-related mental health services in the United States}, journal = {J Trauma Stress}, volume = {25}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Newnham, Elizabeth A
Layne, Christopher M
Kim, Soeun
Steinberg, Alan M
Ellis, Heidi
Birman, Dina
eng
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
3U79SM054284-10S/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2012/12/12 06:00
J Trauma Stress. 2012 Dec;25(6):682-90. doi: 10.1002/jts.21749.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {682-90}, abstract = {There is an increasing need to deliver effective mental health services to refugee children and adolescents across the United States; however, the evidence base needed to guide the design and delivery of services is nascent. We investigated the trauma history profiles, psychopathology, and associated behavioral and functional indicators among war-affected refugee children presenting for psychological treatment. From the National Child Traumatic Stress Network{\textquoteright}s Core Data Set, 60 war-affected refugee children were identified (51.7\% males, mean age = 13.1 years, SD = 4.13). Clinical assessments indicated high rates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (30.4\%), generalized anxiety (26.8\%), somatization (26.8\%), traumatic grief (21.4\%), and general behavioral problems (21.4\%). Exposure to war or political violence frequently co-occurred with forced displacement; traumatic loss; bereavement or separation; exposure to community violence; and exposure to domestic violence. Academic problems and behavioral difficulties were prevalent (53.6\% and 44.6\%, respectively); however, criminal activity, alcohol/drug use, and self-harm were rare (all < 5.45\%). These findings highlight the complex trauma profiles, comorbid conditions, and functional problems that are important to consider in providing mental health interventions for refugee children and adolescents. Given the difficulties associated with access to mental health services for refugees, both preventive and community-based interventions within family, school, and peer systems hold particular promise.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/etiology/psychology, Mental Health Services, Refugees/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology, United States}, isbn = {1573-6598 (Electronic)
0894-9867 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Newnham, E. A. and Layne, C. M. and Kim, S. and Steinberg, A. M. and Ellis, H. and Birman, D.} } @article {4926, title = {Interrelatedness of child health, protection and well-being: an application of the SAFE model in Rwanda}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {74}, number = {10}, year = {2012}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Williams, Timothy P
Kellner, Sarah E
Gebre-Medhin, Joy
Hann, Katrina
Kayiteshonga, Yvonne
eng
England
2012/03/31 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2012 May;74(10):1504-11. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.030. Epub 2012 Mar 9.}, month = {May}, pages = {1504-11}, abstract = {This study examines the core components of children{\textquoteright}s basic security and well-being in order to examine issues central to improving child protection in Rwanda. Sources of data included 15 focus groups with adults, 7 focus groups with children ages 10-17, and 11 key informant interviews with child protection stakeholders, including representatives from international NGOs, community-based groups, and the Rwandan Government, all of which took place in April and May of 2010. Participants painted a complex picture of threats to children{\textquoteright}s basic security in Rwanda. Three key themes were pervasive across all interviews: (1) deterioration of social and community cohesion in post-genocide Rwanda; (2) the cascading effects of poverty; and (3) the impact of caregiver illness and death on the caregiving environment. Consistent with the SAFE (Safety/freedom from harm; Access to basic physiological needs and healthcare; Family and connection to others; Education and economic security) model of child protection, participants rarely elaborated on a child protection threat independent of other basic security needs and rights. Findings suggest a need for integrated approaches to child protection that recognize this interrelatedness and extend beyond issue-specific child protection responses. This study contributes to a growing body of work highlighting the interrelated nature of child protection threats and the implications of adaptive and dangerous survival strategies that children and families engage in to meet their basic security needs. Analysis of this interrelatedness provides a roadmap for improving policies and implementing integrated and robust child protection strategies in Rwanda and other settings.}, keywords = {*Caregivers, *Child Welfare, *Poverty, *Social Environment, *Social Problems, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Orphaned, Critical Illness, Focus Groups, HIV Infections/complications/psychology, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Rwanda, Safety}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Williams, T. P. and Kellner, S. E. and Gebre-Medhin, J. and Hann, K. and Kayiteshonga, Y.} } @article {4971, title = {Past horrors, present struggles: the role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Agnew-Blais, Jessica
Gilman, Stephen E
Williams, David R
Ellis, B Heidi
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P60 MD002261/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
1K01MH077246-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2009/10/31 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jan;70(1):17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.038. Epub 2009 Oct 28.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {17-26}, abstract = {Upon returning to their communities, children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups--commonly referred to as child soldiers--often confront significant community stigma. Much research on the reintegration and rehabilitation of child soldiers has focused on exposure to past war-related violence and mental health outcomes, yet no empirical work has yet examined the role that post-conflict stigma plays in shaping long-term psychosocial adjustment. Two waves of data are used in this paper from the first prospective study of male and female former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. We examined the role of stigma (manifest in discrimination as well as lower levels of community and family acceptance) in the relationship between war-related experiences and psychosocial adjustment (depression, anxiety, hostility and adaptive behaviors). Former child soldiers differ from one another with regard to their post-war experiences, and these differences profoundly shape their psychosocial adjustment over time. Consistent with social stress theory, we observed that post-conflict factors such as stigma can play an important role in shaping psychosocial adjustment in former child soldiers. We found that discrimination was inversely associated with family and community acceptance. Additionally, higher levels of family acceptance were associated with decreased hostility, while improvements in community acceptance were associated with adaptive attitudes and behaviors. We found that post-conflict experiences of discrimination largely explained the relationship between past involvement in wounding/killing others and subsequent increases in hostility. Stigma similarly mediated the relationship between surviving rape and depression. However, surviving rape continued to demonstrate independent effects on increases in anxiety, hostility and adaptive/prosocial behaviors after adjusting for other variables. These findings point to the complexity of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration in these youth and have a number of programmatic and policy implications.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Psychology, Adolescent, *Psychology, Child, *Stereotyping, Adolescent, Child, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Disorders/epidemiology, Military Personnel/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Residence Characteristics, Sierra Leone/epidemiology, Stress, Psychological/epidemiology, Warfare}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Agnew-Blais, J. and Gilman, S. E. and Williams, D. R. and Ellis, B. H.} } @article {4856, title = {A qualitative case study of child protection issues in the Indian construction industry: investigating the security, health, and interrelated rights of migrant families}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, note = {Betancourt, Theresa S
Shaahinfar, Ashkon
Kellner, Sarah E
Dhavan, Nayana
Williams, Timothy P
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2013/09/21 06:00
BMC Public Health. 2013 Sep 17;13:858. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-858.}, month = {Sep 17}, pages = {858}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many of India{\textquoteright}s estimated 40 million migrant workers in the construction industry migrate with their children. Though India is undergoing rapid economic growth, numerous child protection issues remain. Migrant workers and their children face serious threats to their health, safety, and well-being. We examined risk and protective factors influencing the basic rights and protections of children and families living and working at a construction site outside Delhi. METHODS: Using case study methods and a rights-based model of child protection, the SAFE model, we triangulated data from in-depth interviews with stakeholders on and near the site (including employees, middlemen, and managers); 14 participants, interviews with child protection and corporate policy experts in greater Delhi (8 participants), and focus group discussions (FGD) with workers (4 FGDs, 25 members) and their children (2 FGDs, 9 members). RESULTS: Analyses illuminated complex and interrelated stressors characterizing the health and well-being of migrant workers and their children in urban settings. These included limited access to healthcare, few educational opportunities, piecemeal wages, and unsafe or unsanitary living and working conditions. Analyses also identified both protective and potentially dangerous survival strategies, such as child labor, undertaken by migrant families in the face of these challenges. CONCLUSIONS: By exploring the risks faced by migrant workers and their children in the urban construction industry in India, we illustrate the alarming implications for their health, safety, livelihoods, and development. Our findings, illuminated through the SAFE model, call attention to the need for enhanced systems of corporate and government accountability as well as the implementation of holistic child-focused and child-friendly policies and programs in order to ensure the rights and protection of this hyper-mobile, and often invisible, population.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, *Construction Industry, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Focus Groups, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, India, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Transients and Migrants/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1471-2458 (Electronic)
1471-2458 (Linking)}, author = {Betancourt, T. S. and Shaahinfar, A. and Kellner, S. E. and Dhavan, N. and Williams, T. P.} } @article {5864, title = {Methods to Assess Adverse Childhood Experiences of Children and Families: Toward Approaches to Promote Child Well-being in Policy and Practice}, journal = {Acad PediatrAcad Pediatr}, volume = {17}, number = {7s}, year = {2017}, note = {1876-2867
Bethell, Christina D
Carle, Adam
Hudziak, James
Gombojav, Narangerel
Powers, Kathleen
Wade, Roy
Braveman, Paula
K12 HD085848/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
United States
Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S51-S69. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2017.04.161.}, month = {Sep - Oct}, pages = {S51-s69}, edition = {2017/09/04}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Advances in human development sciences point to tremendous possibilities to promote healthy child development and well-being across life by proactively supporting safe, stable and nurturing family relationships (SSNRs), teaching resilience, and intervening early to promote healing the trauma and stress associated with disruptions in SSNRs. Assessing potential disruptions in SSNRs, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), can contribute to assessing risk for trauma and chronic and toxic stress. Asking about ACEs can help with efforts to prevent and attenuate negative impacts on child development and both child and family well-being. Many methods to assess ACEs exist but have not been compared. The National Survey of Children{\textquoteright}s Health (NSCH) now measures ACEs for children, but requires further assessment and validation. METHODS: We identified and compared methods to assess ACEs among children and families, evaluated the acceptability and validity of the new NSCH-ACEs measure, and identified implications for assessing ACEs in research and practice. RESULTS: Of 14 ACEs assessment methods identified, 5 have been used in clinical settings (vs public health assessment or research) and all but 1 require self or parent report (3 allow child report). Across methods, 6 to 20 constructs are assessed, 4 of which are common to all: parental incarceration, domestic violence, household mental illness/suicide, household alcohol or substance abuse. Common additional content includes assessing exposure to neighborhood violence, bullying, discrimination, or parental death. All methods use a numeric, cumulative risk scoring methodology. The NSCH-ACEs measure was acceptable to respondents as evidenced by few missing values and no reduction in response rate attributable to asking about children{\textquoteright}s ACEs. The 9 ACEs assessed in the NSCH co-occur, with most children with 1 ACE having additional ACEs. This measure showed efficiency and confirmatory factor analysis as well as latent class analysis supported a cumulative risk scoring method. Formative as well as reflective measurement models further support cumulative risk scoring and provide evidence of predictive validity of the NSCH-ACEs. Common effects of ACEs across household income groups confirm information distinct from economic status is provided and suggest use of population-wide versus high-risk approaches to assessing ACEs. CONCLUSIONS: Although important variations exist, available ACEs measurement methods are similar and show consistent associations with poorer health outcomes in absence of protective factors and resilience. All methods reviewed appear to coincide with broader goals to facilitate health education, promote health and, where needed, to mitigate the trauma, chronic stress, and behavioral and emotional sequelae that can arise with exposure to ACEs. Assessing ACEs appears acceptable to individuals and families when conducted in population-based and clinical research contexts. Although research to date and neurobiological findings compel early identification and health education about ACEs in clinical settings, further research to guide use in pediatric practice is required, especially as it relates to distinguishing ACEs assessment from identifying current family psychosocial risks and child abuse. The reflective as well as formative psychometric analyses conducted in this study confirm use of cumulative risk scoring for the NSCH-ACEs measure. Even if children have not been exposed to ACEs, assessing ACEs has value as an educational tool for engaging and educating families and children about the importance of SSNRs and how to recognize and manage stress and learn resilience.}, keywords = {*adverse childhood experiences, *child health, *Child Welfare, *Life Change Events, *measurement, *Psychological Trauma, *resilience, *Stress, Psychological, Bullying, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Domestic Violence, exposure to violence, Health Policy, Humans, Income, Mental Disorders, Parental Death, Prejudice, Reproducibility of Results, Residence Characteristics, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders}, isbn = {1876-2859}, doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2017.04.161}, author = {Bethell, C. D. and Carle, A. and Hudziak, J. and Gombojav, N. and Powers, K. and Wade, R. and Braveman, P.} } @article {273, title = {The oxytocin paradox.}, journal = {Front Behav Neurosci}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {48}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00048}, author = {Bethlehem, Richard A I and Baron-Cohen, Simon and van Honk, Jack and Auyeung, Bonnie and Bos, Peter A} } @article {602, title = {Regional Capacity Building Workshop on Men,Caring and Fatherhood.}, year = {2005}, institution = {Save the Children Sweden}, address = {Kathmandu}, url = {http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/1512.pdf}, author = {N. Bhandari and R. Karkara} } @article {6117, title = {Mothers explanatory models of infant stress \& adversity in rural Haryana, India: qualitative findings from the Early Life Stress sub-study of the SPRING cluster-randomised controlled trial (SPRING-ELS)}, journal = {Wellcome Open Research}, volume = {3}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-01-2018}, pages = {153}, doi = {10.12688/wellcomeopenres10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14943.1}, url = {http://www.wellcomeopenresearch.orghttps://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-153/v1https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-153/v1/iparadigmshttps://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-153/v1/pdfhttps://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/3-153/v1/xml}, author = {Bhopal, Sunil and Verma, Deepali and Roy, Reetabrata and Divan, Gauri and Hill, Zelee and Kirkwood, Betty} } @book {2591, title = {Synthesis Report: Language Education and Social Cohesion (LESC) Initiative in Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand}, year = {2016}, publisher = {UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office 2016}, organization = {UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office 2016}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=AZZnnQAACAAJ}, author = {Bianco, J.L.} } @article {275, title = {Childhood adversity and DNA methylation of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system: whole-genome and candidate-gene associations.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Nov}, pages = {1417-25}, abstract = {

In recent years, translational research involving humans and animals has uncovered biological and physiological pathways that explain associations between early adverse circumstances and long-term mental and physical health outcomes. In this article, we summarize the human and animal literature demonstrating that epigenetic alterations in key biological systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system, may underlie such disparities. We review evidence suggesting that changes in DNA methylation profiles of the genome may be responsible for the alterations in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system trajectories. Using some preliminary data, we demonstrate how explorations of genome-wide and candidate-gene DNA methylation profiles may inform hypotheses and guide future research efforts in these areas. We conclude our article by discussing the many important future directions, merging perspectives from developmental psychology, molecular genetics, neuroendocrinology, and immunology, that are essential for furthering our understanding of how early adverse circumstances may shape developmental trajectories, particularly in the areas of stress reactivity and physical or mental health.

}, keywords = {Animals, Child, Child Abuse, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Association Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579412000806}, author = {Bick, Johanna and Naumova, Oksana and Hunter, Scott and Barbot, Baptiste and Lee, Maria and Luthar, Suniya S and Raefski, Adam and Grigorenko, Elena L} } @article {274, title = {Mothers{\textquoteright} and Children{\textquoteright}s Concentrations of Oxytocin Following Close, Physical Interactions with Biological and Non-biological Children.}, journal = {Dev Psychobiol}, volume = {52}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan}, pages = {100-107}, abstract = {

The current study examined the concentration of mothers\&$\#$39; peripherally produced oxytocin after close physical interactions with their biological and non-biological children. Each of 35 mothers and children participated in a computer game that promoted physical contact. In one interaction context, mothers interacted with their own children, and in the other context, mothers interacted with unfamiliar children. After the activity, urine samples were collected from the mothers and were assayed for oxytocin. Data from 26 mothers were available for oxytocin analyses. Oxytocin levels were higher among mothers following interactions with unfamiliar children than following interactions with their own children. Possible explanations for the differences in oxytocin levels across contexts are discussed.

}, issn = {1098-2302}, doi = {10.1002/dev.20411}, author = {Bick, Johanna and Dozier, Mary} } @article {276, title = {The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May-Jun}, pages = {257-71}, abstract = {

The recent Institute of Medicine report on prevention (National Research Council \& Institute of Medicine, 2009) noted the substantial interrelationship among mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and pointed out that, to a great extent, these problems stem from a set of common conditions. However, despite the evidence, current research and practice continue to deal with the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders as if they are unrelated and each stems from different conditions. This article proposes a framework that could accelerate progress in preventing these problems. Environments that foster successful development and prevent the development of psychological and behavioral problems are usefully characterized as nurturing environments. First, these environments minimize biologically and psychologically toxic events. Second, they teach, promote, and richly reinforce prosocial behavior, including self-regulatory behaviors and all of the skills needed to become productive adult members of society. Third, they monitor and limit opportunities for problem behavior. Fourth, they foster psychological flexibility-the ability to be mindful of one\&$\#$39;s thoughts and feelings and to act in the service of one\&$\#$39;s values even when one\&$\#$39;s thoughts and feelings discourage taking valued action. We review evidence to support this synthesis and describe the kind of public health movement that could increase the prevalence of nurturing environments and thereby contribute to the prevention of most mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. This article is one of three in a special section (see also Mu\ñoz Beardslee, \& Leykin, 2012; Yoshikawa, Aber, \& Beardslee, 2012) representing an elaboration on a theme for prevention science developed by the 2009 report of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Environment, Human Development, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Public Health, Social Behavior, Social Environment}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0026796}, author = {Biglan, Anthony and Flay, Brian R and Embry, Dennis D and Sandler, Irwin N} } @article {6582, title = {All children surviving and thriving: re-envisioning UNICEF{\textquoteright}s conceptual framework of malnutrition}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-06-2020}, pages = {e766 - e767}, keywords = {child safety and protection, early learning, health care, nurturing care, policy, responsive care}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30122-4}, url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(20)30122-4/fulltext$\#$.Xs-8qCwZjac.twitter}, author = {Black, Maureen M and Lutter, Chessa K and Trude, Angela C B} } @article {5486, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {Black, Maureen M
Walker, Susan P
Fernald, Lia C H
Andersen, Christopher T
DiGirolamo, Ann M
Lu, Chunling
McCoy, Dana C
Fink, Gunther
Shawar, Yusra R
Shiffman, Jeremy
Devercelli, Amanda E
Wodon, Quentin T
Vargas-Baron, Emily
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
eng
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):77-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {77-90}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Brain/growth \& development, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care/organization \& administration, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/etiology/*prevention \& control, Growth Disorders, Humans, Poverty, Preventive Health Services/organization \& administration, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Black, M. M. and Walker, S. P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and Andersen, C. T. and DiGirolamo, A. M. and Lu, C. and McCoy, D. C. and Fink, G. and Shawar, Y. R. and Shiffman, J. and Devercelli, A. E. and Wodon, Q. T. and Vargas-Baron, E. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering, Committee} } @article {2386, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, year = {2017}, pages = {90}, chapter = {77}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7}, author = {Black, M. M.} } @article {5865, title = {Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course}, journal = {LancetLancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {1474-547x
Black, Maureen M
Walker, Susan P
Fernald, Lia C H
Andersen, Christopher T
DiGirolamo, Ann M
Lu, Chunling
McCoy, Dana C
Fink, Gunther
Shawar, Yusra R
Shiffman, Jeremy
Devercelli, Amanda E
Wodon, Quentin T
Vargas-Baron, Emily
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):77-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {77-90}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {Early childhood development programmes vary in coordination and quality, with inadequate and inequitable access, especially for children younger than 3 years. New estimates, based on proxy measures of stunting and poverty, indicate that 250 million children (43\%) younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. There is therefore an urgent need to increase multisectoral coverage of quality programming that incorporates health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. Equitable early childhood policies and programmes are crucial for meeting Sustainable Development Goals, and for children to develop the intellectual skills, creativity, and wellbeing required to become healthy and productive adults. In this paper, the first in a three part Series on early childhood development, we examine recent scientific progress and global commitments to early childhood development. Research, programmes, and policies have advanced substantially since 2000, with new neuroscientific evidence linking early adversity and nurturing care with brain development and function throughout the life course.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Brain/growth \& development, Child, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care/organization \& administration, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/etiology/*prevention \& control, Growth Disorders, Humans, Poverty, Preventive Health Services/organization \& administration, Risk Factors}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Black, M. M. and Walker, S. P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and Andersen, C. T. and DiGirolamo, A. M. and Lu, C. and McCoy, D. C. and Fink, G. and Shawar, Y. R. and Shiffman, J. and Devercelli, A. E. and Wodon, Q. T. and Vargas-Baron, E. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {5426, title = {Investment in early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {384}, number = {9950}, year = {2014}, note = {Black, Maureen M
Hurley, Kristen M
eng
Comment
England
2014/06/21 06:00
Lancet. 2014 Oct 4;384(9950):1244-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60607-3. Epub 2014 Jun 16.}, month = {Oct 4}, pages = {1244-5}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/*organization \& administration, Female, Growth/*physiology, Health Promotion/*organization \& administration, Humans, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology, Male}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Black, M. M. and Hurley, K. M.} } @article {279, title = {Individual development and evolution: experiential canalization of self-regulation.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {647-57}, abstract = {

In this article, we contrast evolutionary and psychobiological models of individual development to address the idea that individual development occurring in prototypically risky and unsupportive environments can be understood as adaptation. We question traditional evolutionary explanations of individual development, calling on the principle of probabilistic epigenesis to suggest that individual development resulting from the combined activity of genes and environments is best understood to precede rather than follow from evolutionary change. Specifically, we focus on the ways in which experience shapes the development of stress response physiology, with implications for individual development and intergenerational transmission of reactive, as opposed to reflective, phenotypes. In doing so, we describe results from several analyses conducted with a longitudinal data set of 1,292 children and their primary caregivers followed from birth. Our results indicate that the effects of poverty on stress response physiology and on the development of the self-regulation of behavior represent instances of the experiential canalization of development with implications for understanding the genesis and \"adaptiveness\" of risk behavior.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, Child, Environment, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Risk-Taking, Social Control, Informal}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0026472}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Raver, C Cybele} } @article {278, title = {Child development in the context of adversity: experiential canalization of brain and behavior.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May-Jun}, pages = {309-18}, abstract = {

The authors examine the effects of poverty-related adversity on child development, drawing upon psychobiological principles of experiential canalization and the biological embedding of experience. They integrate findings from research on stress physiology, neurocognitive function, and self-regulation to consider adaptive processes in response to adversity as an aspect of children\&$\#$39;s development. Recent research on early caregiving is paired with research in prevention science to provide a reorientation of thinking about the ways in which psychosocial and economic adversity are related to continuity in human development.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Brain, Child, Child Development, Humans, Infant, Models, Psychological, Poverty, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0027493}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Raver, C Cybele} } @article {277, title = {Cumulative effects of early poverty on cortisol in young children: moderation by autonomic nervous system activity.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {38}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {2666-75}, abstract = {

The relation of the cumulative experience of poverty in infancy and early childhood to child cortisol at age 48 months was examined in a prospective longitudinal sample of children and families (N=1292) in predominantly low-income and rural communities in two distinct regions of the United States. Families were seen in the home for data collection and cumulative experience of poverty was indexed by parent reported income-to-need ratio and household chaos measures collected between child ages 2 months and 48 months. For the analysis presented here, three saliva samples were also collected over an approximate 90 min interval at child age 48 months and were assayed for cortisol. ECG data were also collected during a resting period and during the administration of a mildly challenging battery of cognitive tasks. Mixed model analysis indicated that child cortisol at 48 months decreased significantly over the sampling time period and that cumulative time in poverty (number of years income-to-need less than or equal to 1) and cumulative household chaos were significantly related to a flatter trajectory for cortisol change and to an overall higher level of cortisol, respectively. Findings also indicated that respiratory sinus arrhythmia derived from the ECG data moderated the association between household chaos and child cortisol and that increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia during the cognitive task was associated with an overall lower level of cortisol at 48 months.

}, keywords = {alpha-Amylases, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Child, Preschool, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Poverty, Rural Population, Saliva}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.025}, author = {Blair, Clancy and Berry, Daniel and Mills-Koonce, Roger and Granger, Douglas} } @article {650, title = {The relevance of delivery mode and other programme characteristics for the effectiveness of early childhood intervention}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral DevelopmentInternational Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, note = {891md
Times Cited:35
Cited References Count:70}, month = {Jan}, pages = {35-47}, abstract = {

Although it is generally believed that early intervention programmes are an effective means to stimulate children\&$\#$39;s cognitive development, many questions remain concerning programme design and delivery. This article reviews 19 studies into the effectiveness of early intervention programmes published from 1985 onward. The database comprised 85 different outcomes or effect sizes (71 in the cognitive domain, 14 in the socioemotional domain). The over-all effect size estimate was d = 0.32 (SE = 0.05) in the cognitive domain, and d = 0.05 (SE 0.02) in the socioemotional domain. Effect sizes were found to depend on delivery mode. Centre-based interventions and interventions following the combined home- and centre-based delivery mode produced greater effect sizes than did home-based programmes in the cognitive domain, but not in the socioemotional domain. The programme inclusion of coaching of parenting skills was also positively related to outcomes in the cognitive domain. Several other programme characteristics, including age of onset, programme length and intensity, continuation after kindergarten. and the inclusion of social or economic support, appeared not to be uniquely related to outcomes.

}, keywords = {attending head-start, day-care, disadvantaged-children, dutch families, emergent literacy intervention, follow-up evaluation, no preschool, nurse home visitation, preschool programs, school outcomes}, isbn = {0165-0254}, doi = {10.1080/01650250444000515}, author = {Blok, H. and Fukkink, R. G. and Gebhardt, E. C. and Leseman, P. P. M.} } @book {490, title = {Descartes{\textquoteright} Baby: How the Science of Child Development Explains What Makes Us Human}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Basic Books}, organization = {Basic Books}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {9780786738991}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=X1hdT5Xpa8AC}, author = {Bloom, P.} } @article {6127, title = {Conditions and Consequences of Unequal Educational Opportunities in the Life Course: Results from the Cross-National Comparative eduLIFE Project}, journal = {KZfSS K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {71}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-06-2019}, pages = {399 - 428}, issn = {0023-2653}, doi = {10.1007/s11577-019-00595-w}, url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/2258226571?accountid=15172}, author = {Blossfeld, Hans-Peter and Kulic, Nevena and Skopek, Jan and Triventi, Moris and Kilpi-Jakonen, Elina and Vono de Vilhena, Daniela and Buchholz, Sandra} } @article {280, title = {Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review.}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {39}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {263-72}, abstract = {

CONTEXT: Adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, have serious health consequences across the life course. Socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes have not been the subject of a recent systematic review. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association of socioeconomic disadvantage with adverse birth outcomes, with specific attention to the strength and consistency of effects across socioeconomic measures, birth outcomes, and populations.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Relevant articles published from 1999 to 2007 were obtained through electronic database searches and manual searches of reference lists. English-language studies from industrialized countries were included if (1) study objectives included examination of a socioeconomic disparity in a birth outcome and (2) results were presented on the association between a socioeconomic predictor and a birth outcome related to birth weight, gestational age, or intrauterine growth. Two reviewers extracted data and independently rated study quality; data were analyzed in 2008-2009.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ninety-three of 106 studies reported a significant association, overall or within a population subgroup, between a socioeconomic measure and a birth outcome. Socioeconomic disadvantage was consistently associated with increased risk across socioeconomic measures, birth outcomes, and countries; many studies observed racial/ethnic differences in the effect of socioeconomic measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic differences in birth outcomes remain pervasive, with substantial variation by racial or ethnic subgroup, and are associated with disadvantage measured at multiple levels (individual/family, neighborhood) and time points (childhood, adulthood), and with adverse health behaviors that are themselves socially patterned. Future reviews should focus on identifying interventions to successfully reduce socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes.

}, keywords = {Continental Population Groups, Ethnic Groups, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Premature Birth, Risk, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1873-2607}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.012}, author = {Blumenshine, Philip and Egerter, Susan and Barclay, Colleen J and Cubbin, Catherine and Braveman, Paula A} } @book {492, title = {Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674028449}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=ljxS8gUlgqgC}, author = {Boehm, C. and Boehm, C.} } @book {491, title = {Moral Origins: The Evolution of Virtue, Altruism, and Shame}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Basic Books}, organization = {Basic Books}, isbn = {9780465029198}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=FHDSd-usvmEC}, author = {Boehm, C.} } @book {493, title = {On Dialogue}, year = {2004}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, isbn = {9780415336413}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Dialogue-Routledge-Classics-second-Paperback/dp/B00BR5J0QM/ref=sr_1_1?s=books\&ie=UTF8\&qid=1532379665\&sr=1-1\&keywords=On+Dialogue.+Routledge\%2C+2004.}, author = {Bohm, D. and Nichol, L.} } @article {5011, title = {Mental health in postwar afghanistan}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {292}, number = {5}, year = {2004}, note = {Bolton, Paul
Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
eng
Comment
Editorial
2004/08/05 05:00
JAMA. 2004 Aug 4;292(5):626-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.5.626.}, month = {Aug 4}, pages = {626-8}, keywords = {*Health Resources, *Mental Health Services, *Violence, *Warfare, Afghanistan/epidemiology, Anxiety Disorders/*epidemiology, Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Mental Health/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1538-3598 (Electronic)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Bolton, P. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {281, title = {Mozambique child soldier life outcome study: lessons learned in rehabilitation and reintegration efforts.}, journal = {Glob Public Health}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {87-107}, abstract = {

As the use of child soldiers continues to proliferate throughout the world, effective psychosocial interventions must be developed and evaluated. Our research shows that former child soldiers who are provided rehabilitative services and accepted back into their families and communities are able to become productive, responsible and caring adults. In 1988, 39 captured or escaped child soldiers were brought by the Mozambican government to the Lhanguene Rehabilitation Center in Maputo, Mozambique\&$\#$39;s capital city. Interventions that focused on rehabilitating the children both psychologically and physically were initiated during their 6-month stay at the Lhanguene centre, and reintegration assistance was provided for 2 years thereafter to support their return to families and communities. Our research continued to follow these former child soldiers for 16 years, and focused on their psychological, social and economic functioning. The study included qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to obtain adult well-being outcomes and was also designed to identify interventions that enabled these child soldiers to re-enter civilian life and lead relatively productive lives. Efficacious rehabilitation activities included those that strengthened individuals\&$\#$39; coping skills for anticipated trauma and grief, instilled a sense of social responsibility and promoted self-regulation and security (versus survival) seeking behaviour. Activities that supported long term reintegration and self-sufficiency included community acceptance and forgiveness, traditional cleansing and healing rituals, livelihoods and apprenticeships.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Ceremonial Behavior, Child, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Combat Disorders, Family, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Military Personnel, Mozambique, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychology, Child, Qualitative Research, Rehabilitation Centers, Residence Characteristics, Self Concept, Social Responsibility, Social Support, Torture, War}, issn = {1744-1706}, doi = {10.1080/17441690500324347}, author = {Boothby, N and Crawford, J and Halperin, J} } @article {376, title = {The effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on preschool children with co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties.}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {30}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Dec}, pages = {571-87}, abstract = {

Two variants of a behavioral family intervention (BFI) program known as Triple P were compared using 87 preschoolers with co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties. Families were randomly allocated to enhanced BFI (EBFI), standard BFI (SBFI), or a waitlist (WL) control group. At postintervention both BFI programs were associated with significantly lower levels of parent-reported child behavior problems, lower levels of dysfunctional parenting, and greater parental competence than the WL condition. The EBFI condition was also associated with significantly less observed child negative behavior in comparison to the WL. The gains achieved at postintervention were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Contrary to predictions, the enhanced program was not shown to be superior to the standard program using any of the outcome measures at either postintervention or follow-up. Each of the programs produced significant reductions in children\&$\#$39;s co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties with 80\% of the children showing clinically reliable improvement in observed negative behavior from preintervention to follow-up.

}, keywords = {Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Child, Preschool, Combined Modality Therapy, Comorbidity, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Parents, Socialization}, issn = {0091-0627}, author = {Bor, William and Sanders, Matthew R and Markie-Dadds, Carol} } @article {4876, title = {Efforts to Promote Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Traumatized Former Child Soldiers: Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone: The Role of Caregivers and Their Awareness of the Violence Adolescents Experienced During the War}, journal = {J Aggress Maltreat Trauma}, volume = {22}, number = {8}, year = {2013}, note = {Borisova, Ivelina I
Betancourt, Theresa S
Willett, John B
eng
R01 HD073349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2013/01/01 00:00
J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2013;22(8):803-828. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2013.824059. Epub 2013 Sep 12.}, pages = {803-828}, abstract = {This article explores the role of caregivers in the reintegration of former child soldiers from Sierra Leone. Using data on 282 youth and their respective caregivers, our aim is to focus on the caregiver-child relationship after reintegration. We investigate the extent to which caregivers know about child soldiers{\textquoteright} experiences of direct and indirect violence, as well as involvement in war activities. We further examine variables that might shape the degree of caregiver knowledge of child{\textquoteright}s war experiences. Finally, we examine if caregiver knowledge of war experiences is associated with child{\textquoteright}s psychosocial outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of developing thoughtful programs that consider the needs of the child in the context of the family and caregivers with whom he or she is reunified.}, keywords = {child soldiers, exposure to violence, Family, Mental Health, Sierra Leone, War}, isbn = {1092-6771 (Print)
1092-6771 (Linking)}, author = {Borisova, I. and Betancourt, T. S. and Willett, J. B.} } @article {6199, title = {A world ready to learn: Prioritizing quality early childhood education. Global report}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {early childhood education (ECE), pre-primary education, school readiness}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/57926/file/A-world-ready-to-learn-advocacy-brief-2019.pdf}, author = {Borisova, I. and Prouty, R. and Lin, H. and Kelly, D. and Strecker, M. and Mottee, S.L.} } @article {168, title = {Child development in developing countries: introduction and methods.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {16-31}, abstract = {

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a nationally representative, internationally comparable household survey implemented to examine protective and risk factors of child development in developing countries around the world. This introduction describes the conceptual framework, nature of the MICS3, and general analytic plan of articles in this Special Section. The articles that follow describe the situations of children with successive foci on nutrition, parenting, discipline and violence, and the home environment. They address 2 common questions: How do developing and underresearched countries in the world vary with respect to these central indicators of children\&$\#$39;s development? How do key indicators of national development relate to child development in each of these substantive areas? The Special Section concludes with policy implications from the international findings.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Humans, Infant, Internationality, Nutrition Assessment, Parenting, Public Policy, Research, Social Environment, Socialization, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01671.x}, author = {Bornstein, M. H. and Britto, P. R. and Nonoyama-Tarumi, Y. and Ota, Y. and Petrovic, O. and Putnick, D. L.} } @article {282, title = {Cognitive and socioemotional caregiving in developing countries.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {46-61}, abstract = {

Enriching caregiving practices foster the course and outcome of child development. This study examined 2 developmentally significant domains of positive caregiving-cognitive and socioemotional-in more than 127,000 families with under-5 year children from 28 developing countries. Mothers varied widely in cognitive and socioemotional caregiving and engaged in more socioemotional than cognitive activities. More than half of mothers played with their children and took them outside, but only a third or fewer read books and told stories to their children. The GDP of countries related to caregiving after controlling for life expectancy and education. The majority of mothers report that they do not leave their under-5s alone. Policy and intervention recommendations are elaborated.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Data Collection, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Emotions, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Male, Middle Aged, Mothers, Parenting, Questionnaires, Socialization, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01673.x}, author = {Bornstein, M. H. and Putnick, D. L.} } @article {169, title = {Brain oxytocin correlates with maternal aggression: link to anxiety.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {25}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jul 20}, pages = {6807-15}, abstract = {

The oxytocinergic system is critically involved in the regulation of maternal behavior, which includes maternal aggression. Because aggression has been linked to anxiety, we investigated the maternal aggression and the role of brain oxytocin in lactating Wistar rats selectively bred for high anxiety-related behavior (HAB) or low anxiety-related behavior (LAB) during the 10 min maternal defense test. HAB dams displayed more maternal aggression against a virgin intruder compared with LAB dams, resulting in more defensive behavior and higher anxiety of HAB-defeated virgins. The different levels of aggression were accompanied by opposite oxytocin release patterns within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN; HAB, increase; LAB, decrease). Furthermore, oxytocin release was higher within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of HAB dams compared with LABs. A direct correlation between the offensive behavior displayed during the maternal defense test and local oxytocin release was found in both the PVN and CeA. Using retrodialysis, blockade of endogenous oxytocin action by infusion of an oxytocin receptor antagonist (des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT) into the PVN or CeA reduced maternal aggression of HAB dams, whereas infusion of synthetic oxytocin into the PVN tended to increase aggression toward the intruder in LAB dams. There were no significant differences in oxytocin receptor mRNA expression or oxytocin receptor binding between lactating HAB and LAB dams. Therefore, differences in intracerebral release patterns of oxytocin, rather than differences at the level of oxytocin receptors, are critical for the regulation of maternal aggressive behavior.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Amygdala, Animals, Animals, Outbred Strains, Anxiety, Breeding, Female, Lactation, Male, Maternal Behavior, Microdialysis, Oxytocin, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Oxytocin, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1342-05.2005}, author = {Bosch, Oliver J and Meddle, Simone L and Beiderbeck, Daniela I and Douglas, Alison J and Neumann, Inga D} } @article {6366, title = {Beyond invisibility. Welcoming children and families with migrant and refugee background in ECEC settings}, journal = {European Early Childhood Education Research Journal}, volume = {28}, year = {2020}, month = {Feb-01-2020}, pages = {1 - 9}, keywords = {displaced children, displaced families, early childhood education and care, ECEC, immigrant families, refugee children, refugee families}, issn = {1350-293X}, doi = {10.1080/1350293X.2020.1707940}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1350293X.2020.1707940}, author = {Bove, Chiara and Sharmahd, Nima} } @article {283, title = {Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect.}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {52}, year = {1982}, month = {1982 Oct}, pages = {664-78}, keywords = {Anxiety, Separation, Child, Child, Preschool, Defense Mechanisms, Ego, Grief, Humans, Infant, Maternal Deprivation, Object Attachment, Personality Development, Research}, issn = {0002-9432}, author = {Bowlby, J} } @book {494, title = {Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers}, year = {2001}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, isbn = {9780309503891}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/read/9745/chapter/1}, author = {Bowman, B.T. and Donovan, M.S. and Burns, M.S. and Pedagogy, C.E.C. and Board on Behavioral, C.S.S. and Education, D.B.S.S. and Council, N.R.} } @article {284, title = {Exposure to violence across the social ecosystem and the development of aggression: a test of ecological theory in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan-Feb}, pages = {163-77}, abstract = {

Bronfenbrenner\&$\#$39;s (1979) ecological model proposes that events in higher order social ecosystems should influence human development through their impact on events in lower order social ecosystems. This proposition was tested with respect to ecological violence and the development of children\&$\#$39;s aggression via analyses of 3 waves of data (1 wave yearly for 3 years) from 3 age cohorts (starting ages: 8, 11, and 14) representing three populations in the Middle East: Palestinians (N = 600), Israeli Jews (N = 451), and Israeli Arabs (N = 450). Results supported a hypothesized model in which ethnopolitical violence increases community, family, and school violence and children\&$\#$39;s aggression. Findings are discussed with respect to ecological and observational learning perspectives on the development of aggressive behavior.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Aggression, Arabs, Child, Conflict (Psychology), Female, Humans, Jews, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle East, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01848.x}, author = {Boxer, Paul and Rowell Huesmann, L and Dubow, Eric F and Landau, Simha F and Gvirsman, Shira Dvir and Shikaki, Khalil and Ginges, Jeremy} } @article {286, title = {Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary-developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {17}, year = {2005}, pages = {271-301}, abstract = {

Biological reactivity to psychological stressors comprises a complex, integrated, and highly conserved repertoire of central neural and peripheral neuroendocrine responses designed to prepare the organism for challenge or threat. Developmental experience plays a role, along with heritable, polygenic variation, in calibrating the response dynamics of these systems, with early adversity biasing their combined effects toward a profile of heightened or prolonged reactivity. Conventional views of such high reactivity suggest that it is an atavistic and pathogenic legacy of an evolutionary past in which threats to survival were more prevalent and severe. Recent evidence, however, indicates that (a) stress reactivity is not a unitary process, but rather incorporates counterregulatory circuits serving to modify or temper physiological arousal, and (b) the effects of high reactivity phenotypes on psychiatric and biomedical outcomes are bivalent, rather than univalent, in character, exerting both risk-augmenting and risk-protective effects in a context-dependent manner. These observations suggest that heightened stress reactivity may reflect, not simply exaggerated arousal under challenge, but rather an increased biological sensitivity to context, with potential for negative health effects under conditions of adversity and positive effects under conditions of support and protection. From an evolutionary perspective, the developmental plasticity of the stress response systems, along with their structured, context-dependent effects, suggests that these systems may constitute conditional adaptations: evolved psychobiological mechanisms that monitor specific features of childhood environments as a basis for calibrating the development of stress response systems to adaptively match those environments. Taken together, these theoretical perspectives generate a novel hypothesis: that there is a curvilinear, U-shaped relation between early exposures to adversity and the development of stress-reactive profiles, with high reactivity phenotypes disproportionately emerging within both highly stressful and highly protected early social environments.

}, keywords = {Environment, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Health, Human Development, Humans, Personality, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {0954-5794}, author = {Boyce, W. T. and Ellis, B. J.} } @article {285, title = {Social inequalities in childhood dental caries: the convergent roles of stress, bacteria and disadvantage.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {71}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Nov}, pages = {1644-52}, abstract = {

The studies reported here examines stress-related psychobiological processes that might account for the high, disproportionate rates of dental caries, the most common chronic disease of childhood, among children growing up in low socioeconomic status (SES) families. In two 2004-2006 studies of kindergarten children from varying socioeconomic backgrounds in the San Francisco Bay Area of California (Ns = 94 and 38), we performed detailed dental examinations to count decayed, missing or filled dental surfaces and microtomography to assess the thickness and density of microanatomic dental compartments in exfoliated, deciduous teeth (i.e., the shed, primary dentition). Cross-sectional, multivariate associations were examined between these measures and SES-related risk factors, including household education, financial stressors, basal and reactive salivary cortisol secretion, and the number of oral cariogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that family stressors and stress-related changes in oral biology might explain, fully or in part, the known socioeconomic disparities in dental health. We found that nearly half of the five-year-old children studied had dental caries. Low SES, higher basal salivary cortisol secretion, and larger numbers of cariogenic bacteria were each significantly and independently associated with caries, and higher salivary cortisol reactivity was associated with thinner, softer enamel surfaces in exfoliated teeth. The highest rates of dental pathology were found among children with the combination of elevated salivary cortisol expression and high counts of cariogenic bacteria. The socioeconomic partitioning of childhood dental caries may thus involve social and psychobiological pathways through which lower SES is associated with higher numbers of cariogenic bacteria and higher levels of stress-associated salivary cortisol. This convergence of psychosocial, infectious and stress-related biological processes appears to be implicated in the production of greater cariogenic bacterial growth and in the conferral of an increased physical vulnerability of the developing dentition.

}, keywords = {Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Child, Colony Count, Microbial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Caries, Family, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Risk Factors, Saliva, San Francisco, Social Class, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1873-5347}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.045}, author = {Boyce, W. T. and Den Besten, P. K. and Stamperdahl, J. and Zhan, L. and Jiang, Y. and Adler, N. E. and Featherstone, J. D.} } @article {288, title = {Toward a new biology of social adversity.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17143-8}, keywords = {Animals, Child, Humans, Life Change Events, Social Conditions, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121264109}, author = {Boyce, W. T. and Sokolowski, M. B. and Robinson, G. E.} } @article {287, title = {Social stratification, classroom climate, and the behavioral adaptation of kindergarten children.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17168-73}, abstract = {

Socioeconomic status (SES) is the single most potent determinant of health within human populations, from infancy through old age. Although the social stratification of health is nearly universal, there is persistent uncertainty regarding the dimensions of SES that effect such inequalities and thus little clarity about the principles of intervention by which inequalities might be abated. Guided by animal models of hierarchical organization and the health correlates of subordination, this prospective study examined the partitioning of children\&$\#$39;s adaptive behavioral development by their positions within kindergarten classroom hierarchies. A sample of 338 5-y-old children was recruited from 29 Berkeley, California public school classrooms. A naturalistic observational measure of social position, parent-reported family SES, and child-reported classroom climate were used in estimating multilevel, random-effects models of children\&$\#$39;s adaptive behavior at the end of the kindergarten year. Children occupying subordinate positions had significantly more maladaptive behavioral outcomes than their dominant peers. Further, interaction terms revealed that low family SES and female sex magnified, and teachers\&$\#$39; child-centered pedagogical practices diminished, the adverse influences of social subordination. Taken together, results suggest that, even within early childhood groups, social stratification is associated with a partitioning of adaptive behavioral outcomes and that the character of larger societal and school structures in which such groups are nested can moderate rank-behavior associations.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, California, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Prospective Studies, Social Behavior, Social Class, Social Dominance, Social Environment, Students}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1201730109}, author = {Boyce, W. T. and Obradovic, J. and Bush, N. R. and Stamperdahl, J. and Kim, Y. S. and Adler, N.} } @article {716, title = {Reducing Overt and Relational Aggression Among Young Children: The Results from a Two-Year Outcome Evaluation}, journal = {Journal of School Violence}, volume = {7}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-02-2008}, pages = {27 - 42}, issn = {1538-8220}, doi = {10.1300/J202v07n01_03}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J202v07n01_03}, author = {Boyle, Douglas and Hassett-Walker, Connie} } @book {6237, title = {Permission to Feel: Unlocking the Power of Emotions to Help Our Kids, Ourselves, and Our Society Thrive}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Celadon Books}, organization = {Celadon Books}, keywords = {emotional intelligence, emotional regulation}, issn = {978-1-250-21284-9}, url = {https://celadonbooks.com/books/permission-to-feel/}, author = {Brackett, M.} } @article {289, title = {Brief psychoeducational parenting program: an evaluation and 1-year follow-up.}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {42}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Oct}, pages = {1171-8}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Despite recognition of the need for parenting interventions to prevent childhood behavioral problems, few community programs have been evaluated. This report describes the randomized controlled evaluation of a four-session psychoeducational group for parents of preschoolers with behavior problems, delivered in community agencies.

METHOD: In 1998, 222 primary caregivers, recruited through community ads, filled out questionnaires on parenting practices and child behavior. Parents were randomly assigned to immediate intervention or a wait-list control. The intervention comprised three weekly group sessions and a 1-month booster, the focus being to support effective discipline (using the video 1-2-3 Magic) and to reduce parent-child conflict.

RESULTS: Using an intent-to-treat analysis, repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated that the parents who received the intervention reported significantly greater improvement in parenting practices and a significantly greater reduction in child problem behavior than the control group. The gains in positive parenting behaviors were maintained at 1-year follow-up in a subset of the experimental group.

CONCLUSIONS: This brief intervention program may be a useful first intervention for parents of young children with behavior problems, as it seems both acceptable and reasonably effective.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intervention Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Patient Education as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Waiting Lists}, issn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1097/00004583-200310000-00007}, author = {Bradley, Susan J and Jadaa, Darryle-Anne and Brody, Joel and Landy, Sarah and Tallett, Susan E and Watson, William and Shea, Barbara and Stephens, Derek} } @article {651, title = {Caring for children around the world: A view from HOME}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, year = {2005}, month = {November 1, 2005}, pages = {468-478}, abstract = {

This review examines cultural and socioeconomic variations in parenting as represented by the original and adapted versions of the HOME Inventory. There was specific focus on three aspects of the family environment where cultural models of parenting and access to resources are thought to be operative and for which there is evidence of impact on child well-being: parental responsiveness, discipline practices, and exposure to stimulating materials and experiences. Findings revealed meaningful impacts of culture and SES in all three areas. Not only did mean differences emerge across countries but different alliances between indicators, presumably representing the same parenting construct, also emerged. The review also revealed a tendency for researchers to modify the HOME consistent with local beliefs and practices concerning what children need, what families need, and the role of parents in fostering particular aspects of development. Despite differences in cultural models of parenting around the world, the studies showed rather consistent relations between exposure to stimulation and parental responsiveness and children\&$\#$39;s adaptive functioning. Associations with physical punishment were somewhat less clear.

}, doi = {10.1177/01650250500146925}, author = {Bradley, Robert H. and Corwyn, Robert F.} } @article {5866, title = {Association of Perinatal Risk Factors With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Population-Based Birth Cohort, Sibling Control Study}, journal = {JAMA PsychiatryJAMA PsychiatryJAMA Psychiatry}, volume = {73}, number = {11}, year = {2016}, note = {2168-6238
Brander, Gustaf
Rydell, Mina
Kuja-Halkola, Ralf
Fernandez de la Cruz, Lorena
Lichtenstein, Paul
Serlachius, Eva
Ruck, Christian
Almqvist, Catarina
D{\textquoteright}Onofrio, Brian M
Larsson, Henrik
Mataix-Cols, David
Journal Article
United States
JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 1;73(11):1135-1144. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2095.}, month = {Nov 1}, pages = {1135-1144}, edition = {2016/11/03}, abstract = {Importance: Perinatal complications may increase the risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous reports were based on small, retrospective, specialist clinic-based studies that were unable to rigorously control for unmeasured environmental and genetic confounding. Objective: To prospectively investigate a wide range of potential perinatal risk factors for OCD, controlling for unmeasured factors shared between siblings in the analyses. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based birth cohort study included all 2421284 children from singleton births in Sweden from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 1996, who were followed up through December 31, 2013. From the 1403651 families in the cohort, differentially exposed siblings from the 743885 families with siblings were evaluated; of these, 11592 families included clusters of full siblings that were discordant for OCD. Analysis of the data was conducted from January, 26, 2015, to September, 5, 2016. Exposures: Perinatal data were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and included maternal smoking during pregnancy, labor presentation, obstetric delivery, gestational age (for preterm birth), birth weight, birth weight in relation to gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, and head circumference. Main Outcomes and Measures: Previously validated OCD codes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, Tenth Revision, code F42) in the Swedish National Patient Register. Results: Of 2421284 individuals included in the cohort, 17305 persons were diagnosed with OCD. Of these, 7111 were men (41.1\%). The mean (SD) age of individuals at first diagnosis of OCD was 23.4 (6.5) years. An increased risk for OCD remained after controlling for shared familial confounders and measured covariates (including sex, year of birth, maternal and paternal age at birth, and parity), for smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95\% CI, 1.02-1.58), breech presentation (HR, 1.35; 95\% CI, 1.06-1.71), delivery by cesarean section (HR, 1.17; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.34), preterm birth (HR, 1.24; 95\% CI, 1.07-1.43), birth weight 1501 to 2500 g (HR, 1.30; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.62) and 2501 to 3500 g (HR, 1.08; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.16), being large for gestational age (HR, 1.23; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.45), and Apgar distress scores at 5 minutes (HR, 1.50; 95\% CI, 1.07-2.09). Gestational age and birth weight followed inverse dose-response associations, whereby an increasingly higher risk for OCD was noted in children with a shorter gestational age and lower birth weight. We also observed a dose-response association between the number of perinatal events and increased OCD risk, with HRs ranging from 1.11 (95\% CI, 1.07-1.15) for 1 event to 1.51 (95\% CI, 1.18-1.94) for 5 or more events. Conclusions and Relevance: A range of perinatal risk factors is associated with a higher risk for OCD independent of shared familial confounders, suggesting that perinatal risk factors may be in the causal pathway to OCD.}, keywords = {*Perinatal Care, *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Adolescent, Adult, Apgar Score, Birth Weight, Breech Presentation, Case-Control Studies, Cesarean Section, Cohort Studies, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology/genetics, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/*epidemiology/*etiology/genetics, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Siblings, Sweden, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Young Adult}, isbn = {2168-622x}, doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2095}, author = {Brander, G. and Rydell, M. and Kuja-Halkola, R. and Fernandez de la Cruz, L. and Lichtenstein, P. and Serlachius, E. and Ruck, C. and Almqvist, C. and D{\textquoteright}Onofrio, B. M. and Larsson, H. and Mataix-Cols, D.} } @article {290, title = {Predicting the social consequences of orphanhood in South Africa.}, journal = {Afr J AIDS Res}, volume = {2}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {39-55}, abstract = {

This paper examines and questions the predictions found in the academic and policy literature of social breakdown in southern Africa in the wake of anticipated high rates of orphanhood caused by the AIDS epidemic. Analysis of the logic underlying these predictions reveals four causal relationships necessary to fulfil such dramatic and apocalyptic predictions: High AIDS mortality rates will produce high numbers of orphans. These orphans will become children who do not live in appropriate social environments to equip them for adult citizenship. Poor socialisation will mean that children orphaned by AIDS will not live within society\&$\#$39;s moral codes (becoming, for example, street children or juvenile delinquents). Large numbers of such \&$\#$39;asocial\&$\#$39; or \&$\#$39;antisocial\&$\#$39; children will precipitate a breakdown in the social fabric. Evidence for each of these steps in the argument is scrutinised using available data from southern Africa and other regions that have moved further through the epidemic\&$\#$39;s cycle. The paper finds strong evidence for the first step, although variable definitions of \&$\#$39;orphan\&$\#$39; make it difficult to draw accurate comparisons over time and space. Evidence for the second step is found to be mixed in terms of outcomes of AIDS orphanhood for child well-being. Moreover the argument takes little account of the social and economic environments onto which AIDS is mapped, including the economic fragility of households and pervading socio-cultural patterns of child-rearing. Data to substantiate the third step are anecdotal at best and no research is able to demonstrate a link between the long term effects of AIDS orphanhood and rising rates of juvenile delinquency. Arguments made towards the fourth step are shown to be based heavily on notions of the \&$\#$39;correct\&$\#$39; social and physical environments for children and on unsubstantiated fears of alternatives to these. There is no evidence from countries where numbers of AIDS orphans are already high to suggest that their presence is precipitating social breakdown. The paper argues-somewhat provocatively-that such apocalyptic predictions are unfounded and ill-considered. By misrepresenting the problems faced by children and their families, attention is distracted from the multiple layers of social, economic and psychological disadvantage that affect individual children, families and communities. Consequently, insufficient consideration is given to the multi-faceted supports necessary to assist children to cope with extremely difficult circumstances brought about over the long term by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

}, issn = {1608-5906}, doi = {10.2989/16085906.2003.9626558}, author = {Bray, Rachel} } @inbook {567, title = {The Walmadjeri and Gugardja}, booktitle = {Hunters and Gatherers Today}, year = {1972}, pages = {177-212}, publisher = {Holt, Rinehart, \& Winston}, organization = {Holt, Rinehart, \& Winston}, address = {New York}, url = {https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/hunter-gatherers-today/}, author = {R. Brendt}, editor = {M. G. Biccheri} } @article {652, title = {The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?}, journal = {Journal of Social Issues}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, pages = {429-444}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishers Inc.}, isbn = {1540-4560}, doi = {10.1111/0022-4537.00126}, author = {Brewer, Marilynn B.} } @article {291, title = {Intrusive images in psychological disorders: characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications.}, journal = {Psychol Rev}, volume = {117}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan}, pages = {210-32}, abstract = {

Involuntary images and visual memories are prominent in many types of psychopathology. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, and psychosis frequently report repeated visual intrusions corresponding to a small number of real or imaginary events, usually extremely vivid, detailed, and with highly distressing content. Both memory and imagery appear to rely on common networks involving medial prefrontal regions, posterior regions in the medial and lateral parietal cortices, the lateral temporal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe. Evidence from cognitive psychology and neuroscience implies distinct neural bases to abstract, flexible, contextualized representations (C-reps) and to inflexible, sensory-bound representations (S-reps). We revise our previous dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder to place it within a neural systems model of healthy memory and imagery. The revised model is used to explain how the different types of distressing visual intrusions associated with clinical disorders arise, in terms of the need for correct interaction between the neural systems supporting S-reps and C-reps via visuospatial working memory. Finally, we discuss the treatment implications of the new model and relate it to existing forms of psychological therapy.

}, keywords = {Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Imagination, Nerve Net, Neuropsychological Tests, Temporal Lobe}, issn = {1939-1471}, doi = {10.1037/a0018113}, author = {Brewin, Chris R and Gregory, James D and Lipton, Michelle and Burgess, Neil} } @article {4256, title = {Provisions of learning experiences in the home and early childhood school readiness are clearly linked}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, number = {92}, year = {2001}, note = {Britto, P R
Brooks-Gunn, J
eng
Editorial
2001/07/27 10:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2001 Summer;(92):1-6. doi: 10.1002/cd.11.}, month = {Summer}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {*Language Development, *Reading, *Social Environment, Child, Child, Preschool, Family/psychology, Humans, Infant, Poverty/psychology, Psychosocial Deprivation, Semantics, Verbal Learning}, isbn = {1520-3247 (Print)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Brooks-Gunn, J.} } @article {5868, title = {Strengthening systems for integrated early childhood development services: a cross-national analysis of governance}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad SciAnn N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1308}, year = {2014}, note = {1749-6632
Britto, Pia Rebello
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
van Ravens, Jan
Ponguta, Liliana Angelica
Reyes, Maria
Oh, Soojin
Dimaya, Roland
Nieto, Ana Maria
Seder, Richard
Journal Article
United States
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Jan;1308:245-55. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12365.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {245-55}, edition = {2014/02/28}, abstract = {While there has been substantial growth in early childhood development (ECD) services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is considerable inequity in their distribution and quality. Evidence-based governance strategies are necessary, but currently they are insufficient for widespread, quality implementation. In particular, there is a limited understanding of the use of systems approaches for the analysis of ECD services as they go to scale. The aim of this paper is to present findings from four countries, using a cross-national case study approach to explore governance mechanisms required to strengthen national systems of ECD services. While different sets of governance strategies and challenges were identified in each country, overarching themes also emerged with implications for systems strengthening. Study results focus on local, mid-level and central governance, with recommendations for effective coordination and the integration of ECD services in LMICs.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Child, Preschool, coordination, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization \& administration, early childhood, Early Intervention (Education)/*organization \& administration, Early Medical Intervention/organization \& administration, governance, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), National Health Programs, systems strengthening}, isbn = {0077-8923}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.12365}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Yoshikawa, H. and van Ravens, J. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, M. and Oh, S. and Dimaya, R. and Nieto, A. M. and Seder, R.} } @article {701, title = {Child development in the multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS): Child rights and policy implications}, journal = {Child Development}, year = {2012}, author = {P. R. Britto and N. Ulkuer} } @article {294, title = {Strengthening systems for integrated early childhood development services: a cross-national analysis of governance.}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1308}, year = {2014}, pages = {245-55}, abstract = {

While there has been substantial growth in early childhood development (ECD) services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is considerable inequity in their distribution and quality. Evidence-based governance strategies are necessary, but currently they are insufficient for widespread, quality implementation. In particular, there is a limited understanding of the use of systems approaches for the analysis of ECD services as they go to scale. The aim of this paper is to present findings from four countries, using a cross-national case study approach to explore governance mechanisms required to strengthen national systems of ECD services. While different sets of governance strategies and challenges were identified in each country, overarching themes also emerged with implications for systems strengthening. Study results focus on local, mid-level and central governance, with recommendations for effective coordination and the integration of ECD services in LMICs.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Early Intervention (Education), Early Medical Intervention, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, National Health Programs}, issn = {1749-6632}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.12365}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Yoshikawa, H. and van Ravens, J. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, M. and Oh, S. and Dimaya, R. and Nieto, A. M. and Seder, R.} } @article {7452, title = {Social Protection Programs and Early Childhood Development: Unexplored Potential}, year = {2013}, institution = {Plan International Australia, Yale University}, keywords = {early childhood development, social protection}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org//sites/default/files/files/yale-plan-social-protection-study-v3-2013.pdf}, author = {Britto, P. and Williamson, A. and Snow, T. and Mandad, K.} } @article {4251, title = {Beyond shared book reading: dimensions of home literacy and low-income African American preschoolers{\textquoteright} skills}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, number = {92}, year = {2001}, note = {Britto, P R
Brooks-Gunn, J
eng
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2001/07/27 10:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2001 Summer;(92):73-89; discussion 91-8. doi: 10.1002/cd.16.}, month = {Summer}, pages = {73-89; discussion 91-8}, keywords = {*Language Development, *Reading, *Social Environment, Adolescent, African Americans/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Humans, Male, Poverty/*psychology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1520-3247 (Print)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Brooks-Gunn, J.} } @article {7034, title = {Pathways to a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children in families}, journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, year = {2020}, month = {Apr-09-2021}, pages = {1 - 12}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, advocacy and social policy, early childhood development, parenting programs, peacebuilding}, issn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579420000681}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/pathways-to-a-more-peaceful-and-sustainable-world-the-transformative-power-of-children-in-families/0F844C72D920FE128965070E829104CC}, author = {Britto, Pia R. and Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Sunar, Diane and Issa, Ghassan and Hein, Sascha D. and do Ros{\'a}rio, Maria Concei{\c c}{\~a}o and Almuneef, Maha A. and Korucu, Irem and Togo, Yaya and Kurbonov, Jamshed and Choibekov, Nurlan and Phan, Hien Thi Thu and Fallon, N. Shemrah and Artuko{\u g}lu, Bekir B. and Hartl, Franz J. and Salah, Rima and Fitzpatrick, Siobh{\'a}n and Connolly, Paul and Dunne, Laura and Miller, Sarah and Pruett, Kyle and Leckman, James F.} } @book {217, title = {Handbook of Early Childhood Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy}, year = {2013}, pages = {560}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York, NY USA}, abstract = {

Early childhood development research offers solutions to several of the world\&$\#$39;s social and economic problems - solutions that can break the cycle of intergenerational poverty, improve the health, education, and wellbeing of the global population, and yield high rates of return on investment in the formative years of life. And yet over one-third of children worldwide under five years of age still fail to achieve their full developmental potential due to malnutrition, poverty, disease, neglect, and lack of learning opportunities.

}, keywords = {early childhood development, global policy}, isbn = {9780199922994}, url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/handbook-of-early-childhood-development-research-and-its-impact-on-global-policy-9780199922994?cc=us\&lang=en\&$\#$}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Engle, P. L. and Super, C. M.} } @article {293, title = {Child development in developing countries: child rights and policy implications.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {92-103}, abstract = {

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used to provide information on feeding practices, caregiving, discipline and violence, and the home environment for young children across 28 countries. The findings from the series of studies in this Special Section are the first of their kind because they provide information on the most proximal context for development of the youngest children in the majority world using one of the only data sets to study these contexts across countries. Using the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular the Rights to Survival, Development and Protection, findings are explained with implications for international and national-level social policies. Implications are also discussed, with respect to policy makers and the larger international community, who have the obligation to uphold these rights.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Child Advocacy, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Education, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, International Cooperation, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Public Policy, Punishment, Social Environment, Social Values}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01672.x}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Ulkuer, N.} } @article {4276, title = {What implementation evidence matters: scaling-up nurturing interventions that promote early childhood development}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1419}, number = {1}, year = {2018}, note = {Britto, Pia R
Singh, Manpreet
Dua, Tarun
Kaur, Raghbir
Yousafzai, Aisha K
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
2018/05/24 06:00
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 May;1419(1):5-16. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13720.}, month = {May}, pages = {5-16}, abstract = {Research in early childhood development (ECD) has established the need for scaling-up multisectoral interventions for nurturing care to promote ECD, for improved socioeconomic outcomes for sustainable societies. However, key elements and processes for implementation and scale-up of such interventions are not well understood. This special series on implementation research and practice for ECD brings together evidence to inform effectiveness, quality, and scale in nurturing care programs; identifies knowledge gaps; and proposes further directions for research and practice. This paper frames the dimensions and components fundamental to the understanding of implementation processes for nurturing care interventions, factors for improving implementation of interventions, and strategies to scale by embedding interventions in delivery systems. We discuss emerging issues in implementation research for ECD, including (1) the role of context in adaptation and implementation, (2) standardized reporting of implementation research, (3) the importance of feasibility studies to inform scale-up and capacity building, (4) fidelity and program quality improvement, and (5) intervention integration into existing systems. Effective implementation of nurturing care interventions is at the heart of achieving positive developmental outcomes for young children. It is pivotal to adapt and implement these interventions based on evidence for high impact, especially in low-resource settings.}, keywords = {early childhood development, implementation evidence, nurturing care, scale-up}, isbn = {1749-6632 (Electronic)
0077-8923 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Singh, M. and Dua, T. and Kaur, R. and Yousafzai, A. K.} } @article {4246, title = {Who am I? Ethnic identity formation of Arab Muslim children in contemporary U.S. society}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {47}, number = {8}, year = {2008}, note = {Britto, Pia Rebello
eng
2008/07/23 09:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;47(8):853-7. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181799fa6.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {853-7}, keywords = {*Social Identification, Achievement, Arabs/*psychology, culture, Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Ethnic Groups/*ethnology/*psychology, Humans, Islam/*psychology, United States}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R.} } @inbook {5671, title = {Creating effective programs and policies to reduce violence and promote peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {361 - 384}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {19}, abstract = {The focus of this chapter is on the social and biological underpinnings of child development and its contexts to create effective programs and policies that will reduce violence and promote peace. It addresses a range of issues emanating from fields of education, media, religion, psychology, and cultural studies. The emergent themes address interconnected pathways and multilayered perpsectives, across a range of disciplines, that form a link between formative childhood and peace, including strengthening families and building resilient communities. The primary theme underscores that the well-being of children is fundamental to peace. However, knowledge of the association between early childhood and peace needs to be expanded. While much is known about promoting peace, evidence is lacking on whether formative childhoods constitute a potential path to peace. Further research, coordination, and partnerships are needed between disciplines and sectors engaged in peacebuilding and early development. In addition, a perspective on human securities, rights, and capacities is needed to support this work{\textemdash}one that encourages individual capabilities, cultural and community assets, and an emancipatory vision and inclusive practices.}, keywords = {childhood education, peacebuilding, resilience}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0019}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Britto, Pia R. and Salah, Rima and Abu-Nimer, Mohammed and Bhabha, Jacqueline and Chowdhury, Anwarul K. and Gunderson, Gary R. and Kagitcibasi, Cigdem and Nusseibeh, Lucy and Omigbodun, Olayinka and Otani, Mikiko and Smyth, Geraldine}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @inbook {568, title = {Global Status of Early Learning and Development Standards}, booktitle = {International Encyclopedia of Education}, volume = {2}, year = {2010}, pages = {138-143}, publisher = {Oxford: Elsevier}, organization = {Oxford: Elsevier}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869851395\&origin=inward\&txGid=d9a6cde68ef1bf7c39f89fff4447723d}, author = {P. R. Britto and S. L. Kagan}, editor = {P. Peterson et. al} } @article {292, title = {Beyond shared book reading: dimensions of home literacy and low-income African American preschoolers{\textquoteright} skills.}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Summer}, pages = {73-89; discussion 91-8}, keywords = {Adolescent, African Americans, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Humans, Language Development, Male, Poverty, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Reading, Risk Factors, Social Environment}, issn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cd.16}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Brooks-Gunn, J.} } @article {4271, title = {No second chances? Early critical periods in human development. Introduction}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {97}, year = {2013}, note = {Britto, Pia Rebello
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
eng
Introductory
England
2013/10/03 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Nov;97:238-40. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 8.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {238-40}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Critical Period (Psychology), *Fetal Development, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Perez-Escamilla, R.} } @inbook {5536, title = {Ecology of peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {27-39}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {3}, abstract = {Peace is a state of being that encompasses harmonious international as well as intra- and interpersonal relationships, directly impacting an individual{\textquoteright}s safety and prosperity. For an individual, peace is a positive {\textquotedblleft}state of mind{\textquotedblright} conditioned by our histories and context. The concept {\textquotedblleft}ecology of peace{\textquotedblright} is introduced to capture these vast interconnected ecosystems that extend from our internal biology to our subjective sense of self (i.e., our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors) to the environments in which we live. It is our thesis that positive, stimulating, and harmonious early childhoods can contribute to peace and human security, and that early-life interventions have transformative power which may help lay the foundations for conflict resolution and peace in future generations. As such, we posit that these interventions can contribute to {\textquotedblleft} peacebuilding{\textquotedblright} (actions that promote sustainable peace by supporting the prosocial skills needed for peace) as well as {\textquotedblleft} peacemaking{\textquotedblright} through the enhancement of positive reciprocal communication within families, communities, and nations. This chapter reviews (a) neurobiological foundations of peace, including genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, developmental, and social factors that shape young brains; (b) the importance of parenting and early learning for peacebuilding; and (c) the place that early childhood can play in bridging the gap between peacebuilding and peacemaking. Evidence from available developmental neurobiology as well as social and economic studies suggests that change in favor of peace can be initiated not only from the top down, through official policies and agencies, but also from the bottom up, by supporting the physical, emotional, and social development of children and the well-being of their families and communities.}, keywords = {conflict resolution, neurobiological foundation of peace, Parenting, peacebuilding, peacemaking}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0003}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {P. R. Britto and I. Gordon and W. Hodges and D. Sunar and C. Kagitcibasi and J. Leckman}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @article {7494, title = {The Future of Parenting Programs: III Uptake and Scale}, journal = {Parenting}, volume = {22}, year = {2022}, month = {Mar-07-2022}, pages = {258 - 275}, keywords = {parenting programs}, issn = {1529-5192}, doi = {10.1080/15295192.2022.2086809}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15295192.2022.2086809}, author = {Britto, Pia Rebello and Bradley, Robert H. and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Ponguta, Liliana A. and Richter, Linda and Kotler, Jennifer A.} } @article {4051, title = {Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 01 07}, pages = {91-102}, abstract = {

The UN Sustainable Development Goals provide a historic opportunity to implement interventions, at scale, to promote early childhood development. Although the evidence base for the importance of early childhood development has grown, the research is distributed across sectors, populations, and settings, with diversity noted in both scope and focus. We provide a comprehensive updated analysis of early childhood development interventions across the five sectors of health, nutrition, education, child protection, and social protection. Our review concludes that to make interventions successful, smart, and sustainable, they need to be implemented as multi-sectoral intervention packages anchored in nurturing care. The recommendations emphasise that intervention packages should be applied at developmentally appropriate times during the life course, target multiple risks, and build on existing delivery platforms for feasibility of scale-up. While interventions will continue to improve with the growth of developmental science, the evidence now strongly suggests that parents, caregivers, and families need to be supported in providing nurturing care and protection in order for young children to achieve their developmental potential.

}, keywords = {Caregivers, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Humans, Parents, Public Policy, Social Behavior}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K. and Yousafzai, A. K. and Matthews, S. G. and Vaivada, T. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Rao, N. and Ip, P. and Fernald, L. C. H. and MacMillan, H. and Hanson, M. and Wachs, T. D. and Yao, H. and Yoshikawa, H. and Cerezo, A. and Leckman, J. F. and Bhutta, Z. A.} } @article {603, title = {Quality of early childhood development programs in global contexts: Rationale for investment, conceptual framework and implications for equity. Society for Research in Child Development Social Policy Report}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, institution = {Society for Research in Child Development}, url = {http://www.srcd.org/sites/default/files/documents/spr_v252rev.pdf}, author = {P. R. Britto and H. Yoshikawa and K. Boller} } @article {4261, title = {Early childhood development: promoting the potential of all children}, journal = {AIDSAIDS}, volume = {28 Suppl 3}, year = {2014}, note = {Britto, Pia Rebello
Clure, Craig Mc
Stansbery, Pablo
Fenn, Thomas
eng
England
2014/07/06 06:00
AIDS. 2014 Jul;28 Suppl 3:S245-6. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000380.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {S245-6}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Family Health, *Parent-Child Relations, Child, Child, Preschool, HIV Infections/*prevention \& control/*psychology, Humans}, isbn = {1473-5571 (Electronic)
0269-9370 (Linking)}, author = {Britto, P. R. and Clure, C. M. and Stansbery, P. and Fenn, T.} } @article {295, title = {Placental protection of the fetal brain during short-term food deprivation.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {108}, year = {2011}, pages = {15237-41}, abstract = {

The fetal genome regulates maternal physiology and behavior via its placenta, which produces hormones that act on the maternal hypothalamus. At the same time, the fetus itself develops a hypothalamus. In this study we show that many of the genes that regulate placental development also regulate the developing hypothalamus, and in mouse the coexpression of these genes is particularly high on embryonic days 12 and 13 (days E12-13). Such synchronized expression is regulated, in part, by the maternally imprinted gene, paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), which also is developmentally coexpressed in the hypothalamus and placenta at days E12-13. We further show that challenging this genomic linkage of hypothalamus and placenta with 24-h food deprivation results in disruption to coexpressed genes, primarily by affecting placental gene expression. Food deprivation also produces a significant decrease in Peg3 gene expression in the placenta, with consequences similar to many of the placental gene changes induced by Peg3 mutation. Such genomic dysregulation does not occur in the hypothalamus, where Peg3 expression increases with food deprivation. Thus, changes in gene expression brought about by food deprivation are consistent with the fetal genome\&$\#$39;s maintaining hypothalamic development at a cost to its placenta. This biased change to gene dysregulation in the placenta is linked to autophagy and ribosomal turnover, which sustain, in the short term, nutrient supply for the developing hypothalamus. Thus, the fetus controls its own destiny in times of acute starvation by short-term sacrifice of the placenta to preserve brain development.

}, keywords = {Animals, Autophagy, Brain, Cortical Synchronization, Female, Fetus, Food Deprivation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Regulatory Networks, Hypothalamus, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Placenta, Pregnancy, Time Factors}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1106022108}, author = {Broad, Kevin D and Keverne, Eric B} } @article {6266, title = {Child online safety: Minimizing the risk of violence, abuse and exploitation online. October 2019 report}, year = {2019}, institution = {Broadband Commission}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child trafficking, Internet, physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://broadbandcommission.org/workinggroups/Pages/WG1-2018.aspx?fbclid=IwAR0g9UjOGWDZd-ykPQSzEXMyKkLhn_8-D6V_JX7m9Nt2vvk_l2hreBJULzg}, author = {BroadbandCommission} } @article {697, title = {Conflict resolution and children{\textquoteright}s behaviour: observing and understanding social and cooperative play in early years educational settings}, journal = {Early Years}, volume = {29}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-07-2009}, pages = {105 - 118}, issn = {0957-5146}, doi = {10.1080/09575140902864446}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09575140902864446}, author = {Broadhead, Pat} } @inbook {569, title = {The Bioecological Model of Human Development (6th edition)}, booktitle = {Handbook of Child Psychology, Theoretical Models of Human Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, pages = {793-828}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, NJ}, isbn = {9780471756040}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114/abstract}, author = {U. Brofenbrenner and P.A. Morris}, editor = {Damon, W. and Lerner, R.M.} } @inbook {570, title = {Ecological Systems Theory}, booktitle = {Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development}, year = {2005}, pages = {106-173}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, organization = {SAGE Publications}, isbn = {9780761927129}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=fJS-Bie75ikC}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @book {497, title = {The Ecology of Human Development: experiments by nature and design}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674028845}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=8cf0FYm0jW0C}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @book {496, title = {The Ecology of Human Development}, year = {1979}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, organization = {Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674224575}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=OCmbzWka6xUC}, author = {BRONFENBRENNER, U.} } @article {296, title = {Is parental emotional reliability predictive of toddlers{\textquoteright} learning and helping?}, journal = {Infant Behav Dev}, volume = {36}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jun}, pages = {403-18}, abstract = {

This study set out to examine how toddlers\&$\#$39; word learning, imitation, and instrumental helping would be affected by the emotional reliability of a familiar model. Therefore, forty-two 24-month-olds were observed in interactions with their primary caregiver, who was evaluated on the quality of his or her sensitive behavior, such as responsiveness and emotional availability. Parents were first instructed how to administer different tasks to their child that included: teaching a novel word, demonstrating an \"irrational\" means of putting a dog inside a toy house through the chimney instead of the door, and appearing in need of help. The parent-child dyad was then observed during a 10-min period and the parent\&$\#$39;s level of responsiveness and availability was subsequently coded from this interaction. Finally, children were examined as to whether they learned a novel word, imitated, and helped their caregiver. It was observed that toddlers learned novel words better from an emotionally reliable primary caregiver. In addition, higher parental responsiveness and availability predicted better imitation in older children and higher levels of helping in girls. Taken together, these findings are the first to suggest that the emotional reliability of a familiar model, such as a parent\&$\#$39;s sensitive nature and consistent responsiveness, influences young children\&$\#$39;s willingness to learn and help.

}, keywords = {Animals, Child Language, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Female, Helping Behavior, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Infant, Learning, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Play and Playthings, Trust}, issn = {1934-8800}, doi = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.03.008}, author = {Brooker, Ivy and Poulin-Dubois, Diane} } @inbook {571, title = {Managing Differences in Conflict Resolution: The Role of Relational Empathy}, booktitle = {Conflict Resolution Theory and Practice: Integration and Application}, year = {1993}, pages = {95-111}, publisher = {Manchester Univ. Press}, organization = {Manchester Univ. Press}, address = {Manchester}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Conflict_Resolution_Theory_and_Practice.html?id=4QkNAQAAIAAJ}, author = {B. J. Broome}, editor = {D. J. Sandole and H. van der Merwe} } @article {702, title = {The neural basis of primate social communication}, journal = {Motivation and Emotion}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {1990}, pages = {81-91}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00991637}, author = {L. Brothers} } @book {498, title = {Prejudice: Its Social Psychology}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781444391299}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP002249.html}, author = {Brown, R.} } @article {4726, title = {Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence - a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {58}, number = {4}, year = {2017}, note = {Brown, Felicity L
de Graaff, Anne M
Annan, Jeannie
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Review
England
2016/12/13 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr;58(4):507-524. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12671. Epub 2016 Dec 10.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {507-524}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. METHODS: A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. RESULTS: Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50\% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, Adolescent, adolescents, armed conflict, Armed Conflicts/*psychology, Child, children, Developing Countries, Exposure to Violence/*psychology, Humans, Mental Health, psychosocial treatment, Psychotherapy/economics/*methods/standards, systematic review, Violence, War, well-being, youth}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Brown, F. L. and de Graaff, A. M. and Annan, J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {297, title = {Social class, psychiatric disorder of mother, and accidents to children.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {1}, year = {1978}, month = {1978 Feb 18}, pages = {378-81}, keywords = {Accident Proneness, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Depression, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, London, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Risk, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {0140-6736}, author = {Brown, G W and Davidson, S} } @article {604, title = {Evaluation Report of the Better Parenting Project: National multisectoral collaboration on behalf of young children}, year = {2000}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Amman}, url = {http://www.comminit.com/global/content/evaluation-report-better-parenting-project}, author = {J. Brown} } @article {5869, title = {Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc PsychiatryJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {9}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Browne, Heidi A
Modabbernia, Amirhossein
Buxbaum, Joseph D
Hansen, Stefan N
Schendel, Diana E
Parner, Erik T
Reichenberg, Abraham
Grice, Dorothy E
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Sep;55(9):784-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jul 21.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {784-91}, edition = {2016/08/28}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We assessed the role of prenatal maternal smoking in risk for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder (TS/CT) and pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: In an analysis of 73,073 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, we calculated incidence rates (IR) per 1,000 person-year for TS/CT and OCD. We then determined crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95\% CIs associated with prenatal maternal smoking, considering smoking as a dichotomous (yes/no) variable or a stratified variable (no smoking, light smoking, and heavy smoking [>/=10 cigarettes/day]). Additional analyses examined the effect of maternal smoking on risk for TS/CT with other comorbid psychiatric conditions. RESULTS: In final adjusted analyses, heavy smoking was associated with a 66\% increased risk for TS/CT (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66, 95\% CI = 1.17-2.35). In addition, heavy smoking was associated with a 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both light and heavy smoking were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with any non-ADHD psychiatric comorbidity. Our parallel analyses of pediatric-onset OCD were likely underpowered but showed similar relationships. CONCLUSION: Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with increased risk for TS/CT as well as TS/CT with comorbid psychiatric conditions, even after adjustment for several important variables, including maternal psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and partner smoking. Our findings point to a pathway linking prenatal tobacco exposure and altered brain development to TS/CT.}, keywords = {*chronic tic disorder, *obsessive-compulsive disorder, *prenatal, *smoking, *Tourette syndrome, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Denmark/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology/*etiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*chemically induced/epidemiology, Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology, Tic Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology, Tourette Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010}, author = {Browne, H. A. and Modabbernia, A. and Buxbaum, J. D. and Hansen, S. N. and Schendel, D. E. and Parner, E. T. and Reichenberg, A. and Grice, D. E.} } @article {653, title = {To share or not to share: When do toddlers respond to another{\textquoteright}s needs?}, journal = {Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesInfancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {22639549[pmid]
Infancy}, month = {Jan-Feb 01/01}, pages = {117-130}, abstract = {

The developmental origins of sharing remain little understood. Using procedures adapted from research on prosocial behavior in chimpanzees, we presented 18- and 25-month-old children with a sharing task in which they could choose to deliver food to themselves only, or to both themselves and another person, thereby making it possible for them to share without personal sacrifice. The potential recipient, a friendly adult, was either silent about her needs and wants or made them explicit. Both younger and older toddlers chose randomly when the recipient was silent. However, when the recipient vocalized her desires 25-month-olds shared whereas younger children did not. Thus, we demonstrate that children voluntarily share valued resources with others by the end of the second year of life, but that this depends on explicit communicative cues about another\’s need or desire.

}, isbn = {1525-0008
1532-7078}, doi = {10.1080/15250000802569868}, author = {Brownell, Celia A. and Svetlova, Margarita and Nichols, Sara} } @article {6012, title = {Fathers{\textquoteright} experiences during the first postnatal week at home after early discharge of mother and baby from the maternity unit: A meta-synthesis}, journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Public Health}, year = {2018}, month = {Feb-11-2019}, pages = {140349481880985}, keywords = {early discharge, fathers{\textquoteright} experiences, first week, meta-synthesis}, issn = {1403-4948}, doi = {10.1177/1403494818809856}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1403494818809856http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1403494818809856http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1403494818809856http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1403494818809856}, author = {Brunstad, Anne and Aasekj{\ae}r, Katrine and Aune, Ingvild and Nilsen, Anne Britt Vika} } @article {298, title = {Neuroendocrine control of maternal stress responses and fetal programming by stress in pregnancy.}, journal = {Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul 1}, pages = {1178-91}, abstract = {

The major changes in highly dynamic neuroendocrine systems that are essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy are outlined from studies on rodents. These changes optimise the internal environment to provide the life support system for the placenta, embryo and fetus. These include automatic prevention of further pregnancy, blood volume expansion, increased appetite and energy storage. The brain regulates these changes, in response to steroid (estrogens, progesterone) and peptide (lactogens, relaxin) hormone signals. Activation of inhibitory endogenous opioid mechanisms in the brain in late pregnancy restrains premature secretion of oxytocin, and attenuates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress. This opioid mechanism is activated by allopregnanolone, a neuroactive progesterone metabolite. The significance of reduced HPA axis responses in shifting maternal metabolic balance, and in protecting the fetuses from adverse programming of HPA axis stress responsiveness and anxious behaviour in later life is critically discussed. Experimental studies showing sex-dependent fetal programming by maternal stress or glucocorticoid exposure in late pregnancy are reviewed. The possibility of over-writing programming in offspring through neurosteroid administration is discussed. The impact of maternal stress on placental function is considered in the context of reconciling studies that show offspring programming by stress in very early or late pregnancy produce similar phenotypes in the offspring.

}, keywords = {Animals, Female, Fetal Development, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neurosecretory Systems, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {1878-4216}, doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.12.023}, author = {Brunton, Paula J and Russell, John A} } @book {499, title = {Alternative Life-History Styles of Animals}, year = {2012}, pages = {617}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, organization = {Springer Netherlands}, isbn = {9789400926059}, issn = {9400926057, 9789400926059}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=6Er1CAAAQBAJ\&source=gbs_book_other_versions}, author = {Bruton, M.N.} } @article {299, title = {Informal social support interventions and their role in violence prevention: an agenda for future evaluation.}, journal = {J Interpers Violence}, volume = {19}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Mar}, pages = {341-55}, abstract = {

There is increasing interest among policymakers and practitioners in tapping the potential of family, friends, volunteers, peer support groups, and mutual aid organizations to help prevent violence. The popularity of these informal social support (ISS) interventions stems, in part, from their flexibility, responsiveness to individual needs, and perceived low cost. However, there is still limited understanding of whether and how ISS interventions can improve social support, reduce violence, or save money. Furthermore, mobilizing and sustaining ISS interventions appears to be difficult, particularly for families living in high-risk environments. Rigorous and creative evaluations of ISS interventions are needed to inform policy decisions and refine program development and implementation. Focusing on the field of child maltreatment, we describe different kinds of ISS interventions and outline an evaluation agenda that includes core research questions and evaluation challenges and strategies.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Humans, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Program Evaluation, Social Support, United States, Violence}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/0886260503261157}, author = {Budde, Stephen and Schene, Patricia} } @article {377, title = {A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {16}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Sep}, pages = {243-58}, abstract = {

This investigation tested the incremental utility of cognitive retraining as a component within a program designed to prevent child maltreatment. High-risk families (N = 96) were randomly assigned to a control condition, home visitation modeled after the Healthy Start program (unenhanced home visitation), or home visitation that included a cognitive component (enhanced home visitation). Mothers were identified late during pregnancy or soon after birth, and their participation continued for 1 year. Lower levels of harsh parenting were found among mothers in the enhanced home visitation condition than among those in the unenhanced home visitation or control conditions. Prevalence of physical abuse (percentage of mothers who were abusive) during the first year was 26\% in the control condition, 23\% in the unenhanced home visitation condition, and 4\% in the enhanced home visitation condition. Benefits were greatest in families that included a medically at-risk child. A linear pattern of benefits was found for child health; as program features were added, benefits for child health increased.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Cognition, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Preventive Health Services}, issn = {0893-3200}, author = {Bugental, Daphne Blunt and Ellerson, Patricia Crane and Lin, Eta K and Rainey, Bonnie and Kokotovic, Anna and O{\textquoteright}Hara, Nathan} } @article {300, title = {Adaptive calibration of children{\textquoteright}s physiological responses to family stress: the utility of evolutionary developmental theory: comment on Del Giudice et al. (2012) and Sturge-Apple et al. (2012).}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {806-9}, abstract = {

Children\&$\#$39;s physiological reactions to stress are presented from the broader theoretical perspective of adaptive calibration to the environment, as rooted in life history theory. Del Giudice, Hinnant, Ellis, and El-Sheikh (2012) focus on children\&$\#$39;s physiological responses to a stressful task as a consequence of their history of family stress. Sturge-Apple, Davies, Martin, Cicchetti, and Hentges (2012) focus on the ways that children respond to a novel laboratory manipulation as a combined function of their temperament patterns and the harshness of their parental environment. The theoretical perspective employed provides an overarching framework that not only accounts for the findings presented here but also has heuristic value for future research on responses to early environmental risk. Future work in this area will benefit by inclusion of additional sympathetic nervous system (SNS) markers and neurotransmitters, inclusion of the role of gene expression in adaptive calibration, broader consideration of protective factors in the child\&$\#$39;s environment, and longitudinal work demonstrating the effects of adaptive calibration on children\&$\#$39;s future life history strategies and outcomes.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Biological, Adaptation, Psychological, Autonomic Nervous System, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting, Stress, Psychological, Temperament}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0027477}, author = {Bugental, Daphne Blunt} } @article {301, title = {Individual differences underlying susceptibility to addiction: Role for the endogenous oxytocin system.}, journal = {Pharmacol Biochem Behav}, volume = {119}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {22-38}, abstract = {

Recent research shows that the effects of oxytocin are more diverse than initially thought and that in some cases oxytocin can directly influence the response to drugs and alcohol. Large individual differences in basal oxytocin levels and reactivity of the oxytocin system exist. This paper will review the literature to explore how individual differences in the oxytocin system arise and examine the hypothesis that this may mediate some of the individual differences in susceptibility to addiction and relapse. Differences in the oxytocin system can be based on individual factors, e.g. genetic variation especially in the oxytocin receptor, age or gender, or be the result of early environmental influences such as social experiences, stress or trauma. The paper addresses the factors that cause individual differences in the oxytocin system and the environmental factors that have been identified to induce long-term changes in the developing oxytocin system during different life phases. Individual differences in the oxytocin system can influence effects of drugs and alcohol directly or indirectly. The oxytocin system has bidirectional interactions with the stress-axis, autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitter systems (e.g. dopamine, serotonin and GABA/glutamate) and the immune system. These systems are all important, even vital, in different phases of addiction. It is suggested that early life adversity can change the development of the oxytocin system and the way it modulates other systems. This in turn could minimise the negative feedback loops that would normally exist. Individuals may show only minor differences in behaviour and function unless subsequent stressors or drug use challenges the system. It is postulated that at that time individual differences in oxytocin levels, reactivity of the system or interactions with other systems can influence general resilience, drug effects and the susceptibility to develop problematic drug and alcohol use.

}, keywords = {Animals, Disease Susceptibility, Oxytocin, Substance-Related Disorders}, issn = {1873-5177}, doi = {10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.005}, author = {Buisman-Pijlman, Femke T A and Sumracki, Nicole M and Gordon, Jake J and Hull, Philip R and Carter, C Sue and Tops, Mattie} } @article {5521, title = {Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {391}, number = {10121}, year = {2018}, note = {Bundy, Donald A P
de Silva, Nilanthi
Horton, Susan
Patton, George C
Schultz, Linda
Jamison, Dean T
eng
Review
England
2017/11/21 06:00
Lancet. 2018 Feb 17;391(10121):687-699. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32417-0. Epub 2017 Nov 16.}, month = {Feb 17}, pages = {687-699}, abstract = {The realisation of human potential for development requires age-specific investment throughout the 8000 days of childhood and adolescence. Focus on the first 1000 days is an essential but insufficient investment. Intervention is also required in three later phases: the middle childhood growth and consolidation phase (5-9 years), when infection and malnutrition constrain growth, and mortality is higher than previously recognised; the adolescent growth spurt (10-14 years), when substantial changes place commensurate demands on good diet and health; and the adolescent phase of growth and consolidation (15-19 years), when new responses are needed to support brain maturation, intense social engagement, and emotional control. Two cost-efficient packages, one delivered through schools and one focusing on later adolescence, would provide phase-specific support across the life cycle, securing the gains of investment in the first 1000 days, enabling substantial catch-up from early growth failure, and leveraging improved learning from concomitant education investments.}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Bundy, D. A. P. and de Silva, N. and Horton, S. and Patton, G. C. and Schultz, L. and Jamison, D. T. and Disease Control Priorities, Child and Adolescent, Health and Development Authors, Group} } @article {654, title = {{\textquoteleft}What about the fathers?{\textquoteright} Bringing {\textquoteleft}Dads on Board{\texttrademark}{\textquoteright} with their infants and toddlers following violence}, journal = {Journal of Family Studies}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/04/01}, pages = {70-79}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {

AbstractThis paper examines a group work intervention developed for fathers who had successfully participated in a men?s behaviour change program and who wished to undertake further work to strengthen and improve the bond between themselves and their infant/toddler (up to age 4). It focuses on two groups run in 2010?2011, uses material directly taken from each program and explores in detail how this intervention was developed, how the program was structured, the profile of the fathers involved and the subsequent inclusion of their partners within both groups. It also includes a small evaluation. Pivotal to this intervention was the implementation of an ?infant-led? approach.

}, isbn = {1322-9400}, doi = {10.5172/jfs.2013.19.1.70}, author = {Bunston, Wendy} } @article {655, title = {Early Intervention and Mediating Processes in Cognitive Performance of Children of Low-Income African American Families}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {68}, number = {5}, year = {1997}, pages = {935-954}, publisher = {Wiley}, abstract = {

This longitudinal study of 161 African American children from low-income families examined multiple influences, including early childhood interventions and characteristics of the child and family, on longitudinal patterns of children\&$\#$39;s cognitive performance measured between 6 months and 8 years of age. Results indicate that more optimal patterns of cognitive development were associated with intensive early educational child care, responsive stimulating care at home, and higher maternal IQ. In accordance with a general systems model, analyses also suggested that child care experiences were related to better cognitive performance in part through enhancing the infant\&$\#$39;s responsiveness to his or her environment. Maternal IQ had both a direct effect on cognitive performance during early childhood and, also, an indirect effect through its influence on the family environment.

}, isbn = {00093920, 14678624}, doi = {10.2307/1132043}, author = {Burchinal, Margaret R. and Campbell, Frances A. and Bryant, Donna M. and Wasik, Barbara H. and Ramey, Craig T.} } @article {605, title = {Fathers and Parenting Interventions: What works?}, year = {2009}, institution = {Fatherhod Institute}, address = {Abergavenny}, url = {http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Fathers-and-Parenting-Interventions-What-Works.pdf}, author = {A. Burgess} } @article {656, title = {Some neo-Darwinian decision rules for altruism: Weighing cues for inclusive fitness as a function of the biological importance of the decision}, journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, volume = {67}, number = {5}, year = {1994}, pages = {773-789}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {US}, abstract = {

A neo-Darwinian heuristic for decisions involving altruism is hypothesized in this article. Following W. Hamilton\&$\#$39;s (1964) analysis of inclusive fitness, the assumption of this study is that tendencies to help another person are selected against, except when the donor and recipient are related and share genes underlying these tendencies. An important social psychological implication of Hamilton\&$\#$39;s formulation is that in group-living individuals (1) natural selection favors those who are prone to help others as a function of the latters\&$\#$39; relatedness, potential fecundity, or other features indicating a recipient\&$\#$39;s capacity to enhance the donors\&$\#$39; inclusive fitness, and (2) this effect is especially strong when help is biologically significant. Such a heuristic is demonstrated in several studies involving hypothetical decisions to help: In life-or-death situations, people chose to aid close kin over distant kin, the young over the old, the healthy over the sick, the wealthy over the poor, and the premenopausal woman over the postmenopausal woman; whereas when it is a matter of an everyday favor, they gave less weight to kinship and opted to help either the very young or the very old over those of intermediate age, the sick over the healthy, and the poor over the wealthy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

}, keywords = {*Altruism, Decision Making}, isbn = {1939-1315(Electronic);0022-3514(Print)}, doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.773}, author = {Burnstein, Eugene and Crandall, Christian and Kitayama, Shinobu} } @book {501, title = {Conflict: Readings in Management and Resolution}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Macmillan}, organization = {Macmillan}, isbn = {9780333521458}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=fajXPwAACAAJ}, author = {Burton, J.W. and Dukes, F.} } @book {500, title = {Conflict: Practices in Management, Settlement, and Resolution}, year = {1990}, publisher = {Macmillan}, organization = {Macmillan}, isbn = {9780333521502}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=gGJZngEACAAJ}, author = {Burton, J.W. and Dukes, F.} } @book {502, title = {The Promise of Mediation: Responding to Conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition}, year = {1994}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780787900274}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=RkW3AAAAIAAJ}, author = {Bush, R.A.B. and Folger, J.P.} } @article {606, title = {Youth Violence: What We Need to Know. Report of the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Advisory Committee to the Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Directorate}, year = {2013}, institution = {National Science Foundation}, address = {Arlington}, url = {http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/reports/Youth_Violence_What_We_Need_To_Know.pdf}, author = {B. J. Bushman and K. Newman} } @article {7714, title = {Promoting Forcibly Displaced Children{\textquoteright}s Mental Health Through Educational Intervention}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs}, address = {New}, keywords = {child mental health, Forcibly displaced children, Psychoeducational interventions}, url = {https://issuu.com/jacksonyale/docs/policy_brief_promoting_forcibly_displaced_childr}, author = {Buster, A. and Pattisam, H. and Abdelkadir, H. and Geleta, A. and Ahsan, N. and Dabek, P. and Fallon, C. and Panter-Brick, C. and Khoudour, D.} } @article {302, title = {The ontogeny of the motivation that underlies in-group bias.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {921-7}, abstract = {

Humans demonstrate a clear bias toward members of their own group over members of other groups in a variety of ways. It has been argued that the motivation underlying this in-group bias in adults may be favoritism toward one\&$\#$39;s own group (in-group love), derogation of the out-group (out-group hate), or both. Although some studies have demonstrated in-group bias among children and infants, nothing is known about the underlying motivations of this bias. Using a novel game, we found that in-group love is already present in children of preschool age and can motivate in-group-biased behavior across childhood. In contrast, out-group hate develops only after a child\&$\#$39;s sixth birthday and is a sufficient motivation for in-group-biased behavior from school age onward. These results help to better identify the motivation that underlies in-group-biased behavior in children.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Male, Motivation, Social Behavior, Social Distance, Social Identification, Social Perception}, issn = {1467-9280}, doi = {10.1177/0956797613516802}, author = {Buttelmann, David and B{\"o}hm, Robert} } @article {7254, title = {Annual Report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) 2021}, year = {2021}, institution = {United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC)}, address = {New York}, keywords = {Children and armed conflict, United Nations}, url = {https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2021/437\&Lang=E\&Area=UNDOC\&fbclid=IwAR0FCZ7vX_wm_BvzAgBwDWd6tgrPVfZRc01gGZRfj69oR-FaVLqAHKHk1FQ}, author = {CAAC} } @book {503, title = {Handbook of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9781135654238}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=0Wc9Ef10R6oC}, author = {Cabrera, N.J. and Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.} } @article {303, title = {Social psychological contributions to the decade of the brain. Doctrine of multilevel analysis.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {47}, year = {1992}, month = {1992 Aug}, pages = {1019-28}, abstract = {

The 1990s were declared by Congress to be the \"decade of the brain.\" This declaration is important to all psychologists, not only neuroscientists, because with this declaration come expectations of the cognitive and behavioral sciences generally and because the brain does not exist in isolation but rather is a fundamental component of developing and aging individuals who themselves are mere actors in the larger theater of life. This article examines the importance of a multilevel, integrative approach to the study of mental and behavioral phenomena in the decade of the brain, reviews how this approach highlights the synergistic relationship between theoretical and clinically relevant research, and illustrates how this approach can foster the transition from microtheories to general psychological theories.

}, keywords = {Behavior, Brain, Humans, Mental Disorders, Social Environment}, issn = {0003-066X}, author = {Cacioppo, J T and Berntson, G G} } @article {304, title = {A quantitative meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of social rejection.}, journal = {Sci Rep}, volume = {3}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {2027}, abstract = {

Early neuroimaging studies using Cyberball suggested that social rejection activated the pain matrix, as identified in studies of physical pain. However, these early studies were characterized by small sample sizes. Our statistical multi-level kernel density analysis (MKDA) of Cyberball neuroimaging studies with 244 participants fails to support the claim that social rejection operates on the same pain matrix as nociceptive stimuli, questioning whether social pain is more figurative or literal. We also performed an MKDA of the neuroimaging studies of reliving a romantic rejection to test whether the pain matrix was activated if the rejection were more meaningful. Results again failed to support the notion that rejection activates the neural matrix identified in studies of physical pain. Reliving an unwanted rejection by a romantic partner was significantly characterized by activation within and beyond the \"Cyberball\" brain network, suggesting that the neural correlates of social pain are more complex than previously thought.

}, keywords = {Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Social Distance}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/srep02027}, author = {Cacioppo, Stephanie and Frum, Chris and Asp, Erik and Weiss, Robin M and Lewis, James W and Cacioppo, John T} } @article {305, title = {Environmental regulation of the neural epigenome.}, journal = {FEBS Lett}, volume = {585}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul 7}, pages = {2049-58}, abstract = {

Parental effects are a major source of phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, there is evidence from studies with a wide range of species that the relevant parental signals are influenced by the quality of the parental environment. The link between the quality of the environment and the nature of the parental signal is consistent with the idea that parental effects, whether direct or indirect, might serve to influence the phenotype of the offspring in a manner that is consistent with the prevailing environmental demands. In this review we explore recent studies from the field of \&$\#$39;environmental epigenetics\&$\#$39; that suggest that (1) DNA methylation states are far more variable than once thought and that, at least within specific regions of the genome, there is evidence for both demethylation and remethylation in post-mitotic cells and (2) that such remodeling of DNA methylation can occur in response to environmentally-driven, intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, studies of variation in mother-offspring interactions in rodents suggest that parental signals operate during pre- and/or post-natal life to influence the DNA methylation state at specific regions of the genome leading to sustained changes in gene expression and function. We suggest that DNA methylation is a candidate mechanism for parental effects on phenotypic variation.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Environment, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Humans, Hypothalamic Neoplasms, Pituitary-Adrenal System}, issn = {1873-3468}, doi = {10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.032}, author = {Caldji, Christian and Hellstrom, Ian C and Zhang, Tie-Yuan and Diorio, Josie and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {308, title = {The programming of individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in the rat through variations in maternal care.}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {29}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {843-65}, abstract = {

There are profound maternal effects on individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in species ranging literally from plants to insects to birds. Maternal effects commonly reflect the quality of the environment and are most likely mediated by the quality of the maternal provision (egg, propagule, etc.), which in turn determines growth rates and adult phenotype. In this paper, we review data from the rat that suggest comparable forms of maternal effects on both defensive responses to threat and reproductive behavior and which are mediated by variations in maternal behavior. Ultimately, we will need to contend with the reality that neural development, function and health are defined by social and economic influences.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Individuality, Maternal Behavior, Phenotype, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Rats, Reproduction, Reproductive Behavior, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0149-7634}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.022}, author = {Cameron, N. M. and Champagne, F. A. and Parent, C. and Fish, E. W. and Ozaki-Kuroda, K. and Meaney, M. J.} } @article {307, title = {Maternal programming of reproductive function and behavior in the female rat.}, journal = {Front Evol Neurosci}, volume = {3}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {10}, abstract = {

Parental investment can be used as a forecast for the environmental conditions in which offspring will develop to adulthood. In the rat, maternal behavior is transmitted to the next generation through epigenetic modifications such as methylation and histone acetylation, resulting in variations in estrogen receptor alpha expression. Natural variations in maternal care also influence the sexual strategy adult females will adopt later in life. Lower levels of maternal care are associated with early onset of puberty as well as increased motivation to mate and greater receptivity toward males during mating. Lower levels of maternal care are also correlated with greater activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, responsible for the expression of these behaviors. Contrary to the transition of maternal care, sexual behavior cannot simply be explained by maternal attention, since adoption studies changed the sexual phenotypes of offspring born to low caring mothers but not those from high caring dams. Indeed, mothers showing higher levels of licking/grooming have embryos that are exposed to high testosterone levels during development, and adoption studies suggest that this androgen exposure may protect their offspring from lower levels of maternal care. We propose that in the rat, maternal care and the in utero environment interact to influence the reproductive strategy female offspring display in adulthood and that this favors the species by allowing it to thrive under different environmental conditions.

}, issn = {1663-070X}, doi = {10.3389/fnevo.2011.00010}, author = {Cameron, N. M.} } @article {306, title = {Changing children{\textquoteright}s intergroup attitudes toward refugees: testing different models of extended contact.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {77}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Sep-Oct}, pages = {1208-19}, abstract = {

The present research evaluated an intervention, derived from the \"extended contact hypothesis,\" which aimed to change children\&$\#$39;s intergroup attitudes toward refugees. The study (n=253) tested 3 models of extended contact among 5- to 11-year-old children: dual identity, common ingroup identity, and decategorization. Children read friendship stories based upon these models featuring in- and outgroup members. Outgroup attitudes were significantly more positive in the extended contact conditions, compared with the control, and this was mediated by \"inclusion of other in self.\" The dual identity intervention was the most effective extended contact model at improving outgroup attitudes. The effect of condition on outgroup intended behavior was moderated by subgroup identity. Implications for theoretically based prejudice-reduction interventions among children are discussed.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Prejudice, Refugees, Social Identification}, issn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00929.x}, author = {Cameron, Lindsey and Rutland, Adam and Brown, Rupert and Douch, Rebecca} } @article {309, title = {Variation in maternal care influences ventromedial hypothalamus activation in the rat.}, journal = {J Neuroendocrinol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 May}, pages = {393-400}, abstract = {

Natural variation in maternal care in the rat is an important source of individual differences in the female neuroendocrine system and sexual behaviours. Thus, females reared by low licking and grooming (LG) mothers are sexually more receptive to males, showing higher lordosis ratings, and are more motivated to mate compared to female offspring of high LG mothers. In the present study, we investigated the effect of natural variations in maternal care on the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) cell population and on the reproductive success of the female rat. Immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated oestrogen-receptor (pER) \α and progesterone receptor (PR) were used to study the VMHvl of female offspring of high and low LG mothers at pro-oestrus and dioestrus. A second experiment investigated sexual behaviour and the effect of mating on c-Fos expression in the VMHvl of pro-oestrus and ovariectomised high and how female offspring. Lastly, we investigated the maternal effect on the establishment of the progestational state. A greater number of VMHvl pER\α immunoreactive cells was found in the pro-oestrous female offspring of low LG mothers and PR was most abundant at pro-oestrus compared to dioestrus in both high and low LG females. Interestingly it is the less receptive high females that show the greater c-Fos expression in the VMH after mating in the pro-oestrous group. The difference in c-Fos expression after mating disappeared when the two groups were ovariectomised and received steroid replacement. Finally, low LG female offspring reached pseudopregnancy more often when receiving only seven intromissions at a 5-min interval compared to high LG females. Lower levels of maternal care may favour the reproductive success of low LG offspring by increasing pER\α and oestrogen-dependent lordosis behaviour and lowering c-Fos after mating, resulting in inhibition of termination of oestrus.

}, keywords = {Animals, Behavior, Animal, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Estrous Cycle, Female, Hypothalamus, Male, Maternal Behavior, Neurosecretory Systems, Ovariectomy, Pregnancy, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Pseudopregnancy, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Progesterone, Sexual Behavior, Animal}, issn = {1365-2826}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02124.x}, author = {Cameron, N. M. and Soehngen, E. and Meaney, M. J.} } @article {5946, title = {The right to early childhood education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Executive summary}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Early childhood education}, url = {http://v2.campanaderechoeducacion.org/phocadownload/clade_primeirainfancia2018_eng_web.pdf}, author = {Campana and OMEP and EDUCO} } @article {312, title = {Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jul}, pages = {1033-43}, abstract = {

Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98\% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Educational Status, Family, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Adjustment, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Young Adult}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0026644}, author = {Campbell, Frances A and Pungello, Elizabeth P and Burchinal, Margaret and Kainz, Kirsten and Pan, Yi and Wasik, Barbara H and Barbarin, Oscar A and Sparling, Joseph J and Ramey, Craig T} } @article {311, title = {Effects of early intervention on intellectual and academic achievement: a follow-up study of children from low-income families.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {684-98}, abstract = {

Follow-up data, obtained 4-7 years after intervention ended, are presented for the Carolina Abecedarian Project, an experimental study of early childhood educational intervention for children from poverty families. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention conditions: educational treatment from infancy through 3 years in public school (up to age 8); preschool treatment only (infancy to age 5); primary school treatment only (age 5-8 years), or an untreated control group. Positive effects of preschool treatment on intellectual development and academic achievement were maintained through age 12. School-age treatment alone was less effective. Results generally supported an intensity hypothesis in that scores on cognitive and academic achievement measures increased as duration of treatment increased.

}, keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Education, Special, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intellectual Disability, Intelligence, Male, North Carolina, Poverty, Social Environment, Wechsler Scales}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Campbell, F A and Ramey, C T} } @article {5709, title = {Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health}, journal = {ScienceScience}, volume = {343}, number = {6178}, year = {2014}, note = {Campbell, Frances
Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Pungello, Elizabeth
Pan, Yi
eng
1R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
RC1 MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5RC1MD004344/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/03/29 06:00
Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1478-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1248429.}, month = {Mar 28}, pages = {1478-85}, abstract = {High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.}, keywords = {Adult, Biomarkers/blood, Blood Preservation, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Child, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Diet, Early Medical Intervention/*methods, Female, Health, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome/*epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)
0036-8075 (Linking)}, author = {Campbell, F. and Conti, G. and Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Pungello, E. and Pan, Y.} } @article {310, title = {Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {343}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar 28}, pages = {1478-85}, abstract = {

High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.

}, keywords = {Adult, Biological Markers, Blood Preservation, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Cholesterol, HDL, Diet, Early Medical Intervention, Female, Health, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1248429}, author = {Campbell, Frances and Conti, Gabriella and Heckman, James J and Moon, Seong Hyeok and Pinto, Rodrigo and Pungello, Elizabeth and Pan, Yi} } @article {5870, title = {Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {1939-0599
Campbell, Frances A
Pungello, Elizabeth P
Burchinal, Margaret
Kainz, Kirsten
Pan, Yi
Wasik, Barbara H
Barbarin, Oscar A
Sparling, Joseph J
Ramey, Craig T
R01 HD040817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
6 R40 MC 00254/PHS HHS/United States
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Dev Psychol. 2012 Jul;48(4):1033-43. doi: 10.1037/a0026644. Epub 2012 Jan 16.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1033-43}, edition = {2012/01/19}, abstract = {Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98\% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Early Intervention (Education), *Educational Status, *Social Adjustment, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0026644}, author = {Campbell, F. A. and Pungello, E. P. and Burchinal, M. and Kainz, K. and Pan, Y. and Wasik, B. H. and Barbarin, O. A. and Sparling, J. J. and Ramey, C. T.} } @article {7436, title = {Identifying and Minimizing Errors in the Measurement of Early Childhood Development: Lessons Learned from the Cognitive Testing of the ECDI2030}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-11-2021}, pages = {12181}, abstract = {

Early Childhood Development Index 2030
A New Tool to Measure SDG Indicator 4.2.1
}, keywords = {cognitive testing, cultural relevance, early childhood, questionnaire design}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph182212181}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12181}, author = {Cappa, Claudia and Petrowski, Nicole and De Castro, Elga Filipa and Geisen, Emily and LeBaron, Patricia and Allen-Leigh, Betania and Place, Jean Marie and Scanlon, Paul J.} } @article {703, title = {Developmental effects of exposure to Intimate Partner Violence in early childhood: A review of the literature}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {31}, number = {8}, year = {2009}, month = {8//}, pages = {831-839}, abstract = {

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a prevalent social problem in the United States and women of childbearing age are the most likely victims. The young children born to these women are impacted, however, women are not routinely asked about IPV even when there is evidence that their child has been abused. To highlight the importance of routinely screening for IPV in child welfare and other social service agencies this article reviews typical social-emotional development and physiological/neurological development in early childhood and the impact that IPV and trauma have on these domains of development. Early intervention with young children and caregivers living with IPV provides a significant buffer to the negative effects that witnessing IPV have on children\&$\#$39;s development and their relationships with caregivers.

}, keywords = {Development, Infant, Intimate Partner Violence, Trauma}, isbn = {0190-7409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.03.005}, author = {Carpenter, Georgia L. and Stacks, Ann M.} } @article {313, title = {Testosterone reactivity to provocation mediates the effect of early intervention on aggressive behavior.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 May 1}, pages = {1140-6}, abstract = {

We tested the hypotheses that the Fast Track intervention program for high-risk children would reduce adult aggressive behavior and that this effect would be mediated by decreased testosterone responses to social provocation. Participants were a subsample of males from the full trial sample, who during kindergarten had been randomly assigned to the 10-year Fast Track intervention or to a control group. The Fast Track program attempted to develop children\&$\#$39;s social competencies through child social-cognitive and emotional-coping skills training, peer-relations coaching, academic tutoring, and classroom management, as well as training for parents to manage their child\&$\#$39;s behavior. At a mean age of 26 years, participants responded to laboratory provocations. Results indicated that, relative to control participants, men assigned to the intervention demonstrated reduced aggression and testosterone reactivity to social provocations. Moreover, reduced testosterone reactivity mediated the effect of intervention on aggressive behavior, which provides evidence for an enduring biological mechanism underlying the effect of early psychosocial intervention on aggressive behavior in adulthood.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aggression, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Cognitive Therapy, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Male, Negotiating, Schools, Testosterone}, issn = {1467-9280}, doi = {10.1177/0956797614525642}, author = {Carr{\'e}, Justin M and Iselin, Anne-Marie R and Welker, Keith M and Hariri, Ahmad R and Dodge, Kenneth A} } @book {504, title = {Constructing Patriotism: Teaching History and Memories in Global Worlds}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Information Age Pub.}, organization = {Information Age Pub.}, isbn = {9781617353406}, url = {http://www.infoagepub.com/products/Constructing-Patriotism}, author = {Carretero, M.} } @article {657, title = {Update on Neuroimaging and Cognitive Functioning in Maltreatment-Related Pediatric PTSD: Treatment Implications}, journal = {Journal of Family ViolenceJournal of Family ViolenceJournal of Family Violence}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/01/01}, pages = {53-61}, publisher = {Springer US}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Interventions, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological testing, Pediatric PTSD}, isbn = {0885-7482}, doi = {10.1007/s10896-012-9489-2}, author = {Carrion, VictorG and Wong, ShaneS and Kletter, Hilit} } @article {317, title = {Oxytocin pathways and the evolution of human behavior.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {65}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {17-39}, abstract = {

This review examines the hypothesis that oxytocin pathways--which include the neuropeptide oxytocin, the related peptide vasopressin, and their receptors--are at the center of physiological and genetic systems that permitted the evolution of the human nervous system and allowed the expression of contemporary human sociality. Unique actions of oxytocin, including the facilitation of birth, lactation, maternal behavior, genetic regulation of the growth of the neocortex, and the maintenance of the blood supply to the cortex, may have been necessary for encephalization. Peptide-facilitated attachment also allows the extended periods of nurture necessary for the emergence of human intellectual development. In general, oxytocin acts to allow the high levels of social sensitivity and attunement necessary for human sociality and for rearing a human child. Under optimal conditions oxytocin may create an emotional sense of safety. Oxytocin dynamically moderates the autonomic nervous system, and effects of oxytocin on vagal pathways, as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this peptide, help to explain the pervasive adaptive consequences of social behavior for emotional and physical health.

}, keywords = {Behavior, Biological Evolution, Brain, Emotions, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Social Behavior}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115110}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @article {316, title = {Sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for autism spectrum disorders?}, journal = {Behav Brain Res}, volume = {176}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jan 10}, pages = {170-86}, abstract = {

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are male-biased and characterized by deficits in social behavior and social communication, excessive anxiety or hyperreactivity to stressful experiences, and a tendency toward repetitiveness. The purpose of this review is to consider evidence for a role for two sexually dimorphic neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (VP), in these features of ASD. Both VP and OT play a role in normal development. VP is androgen-dependent and of particular importance to male behavior. Excess VP or disruptions in the VP system could contribute to the male vulnerability to ASD. Alternatively, protective processes mediated via OT or the OT receptor might help to explain the relatively rare occurrence of ASD in females. Disruptions in either OT or VP or their receptors could result from genetic variation or epigenetic modifications of gene expression, especially during early development. Deficits in other developmental growth factors, such as reelin, which may in turn regulate or be regulated by OT or VP, are additional candidates for a role in ASD.

}, keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Autistic Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Sex Factors}, issn = {0166-4328}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.025}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @article {320, title = {The biochemistry of love: an oxytocin hypothesis.}, journal = {EMBO Rep}, volume = {14}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan}, pages = {12-6}, keywords = {Feedback, Physiological, Female, Gene Expression, Heart, Humans, Love, Male, Mental Health, Oxytocin, Receptors, Oxytocin, Sex, Sexual Behavior, Social Distance, Stress, Physiological, Vasopressins}, issn = {1469-3178}, doi = {10.1038/embor.2012.191}, author = {Carter, C. S. and Porges, S. W.} } @article {315, title = {The chemistry of child neglect: do oxytocin and vasopressin mediate the effects of early experience?}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {102}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Dec 20}, pages = {18247-8}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Orphanages, Oxytocin, Psychosocial Deprivation, Time Factors, Vasopressins}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0509376102}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @inbook {5541, title = {Peptide pathways to peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {43-64}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {4}, abstract = {This chapter examines specific neuroendocrine pathways that may influence the positive social behaviors necessary for peace (where peace is defined as social safety within a society). This definition emphasizes the enabling power of social safety in promoting positive "states" associated with individuals interacting, socially connecting, and being mutually responsible for each other. Peptide pathways, including those reliant on oxytocin and vasopressin and their receptors, function as an integrated system mediating states of social safety. These endocrine and genetic pathways are at the center of a network that permitted the evolution of the human nervous system and allowed the expression of contemporary human sociality. Affiliation, pair bonds, and other forms of prosocial behaviors are not simply the absence of aggression. As reviewed here, we now understand that the prerequisites for peace, including prosocial behaviors and social safety, are built on active peptide systems. Knowledge of neurobiological mechanisms that form the foundations of social bonds and restorative behaviors offers a rational perspective for understanding, preventing, or intervening in the aftermath of adversity, and for enabling the emergence of peace in human societies. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.}, keywords = {attachment, bonding, neurobiological mechanisms, Oxytocin, peace, prosociality, vasopressin}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0004}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {C. S. Carter and S.W. Porges}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {319, title = {Physiological substrates of mammalian monogamy: the prairie vole model.}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {19}, year = {1995}, month = {1995 Summer}, pages = {303-14}, abstract = {

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are described here as a model system in which it is possible to examine, within the context of natural history, the proximate processes regulating the social and reproductive behaviors that characterize a monogamous social system. Neuropeptides, including oxytocin and vasopressin, and the adrenal glucocorticoid, corticosterone, have been implicated in the neural regulation of partner preferences, and in the male, vasopressin has been implicated in the induction of selective aggression toward strangers. We hypothesize here that interactions among oxytocin, vasopressin and glucocorticoids could provide substrates for dynamic changes in social and agonistic behaviors, including those required in the development and expression of monogamy. Results from research with voles suggest that the behaviors characteristics of monogamy, including social attachments and biparental care, may be modified by hormones during development and may be regulated by different mechanisms in males and females.

}, keywords = {Animals, Arvicolinae, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Male, Models, Psychological, Pair Bond, Sexual Behavior, Animal}, issn = {0149-7634}, author = {Carter, C. S. and DeVries, A. C. and Getz, L. L.} } @article {170, title = {Developmental consequences of oxytocin.}, journal = {Physiol Behav}, volume = {79}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Aug}, pages = {383-97}, abstract = {

This paper examines the developmental effects of the mammalian neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT). In adults, OT is the most abundant neuropeptide in the hypothalamus and serves integrative functions, coordinating behavioral and physiological processes. For example, OT has been implicated in parturition, lactation, maternal behavior and pair bond formation. In addition, OT is capable of moderating behavioral responses to various stressors as well as the reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Neonates may be exposed to hormones of maternal origin, possibly including peptides administered to the mother in the perinatal period to hasten or delay birth and in milk; however, whether peptide hormones from the mother influence the developing infant remains to be determined. In rodents, endogenous OT is first synthesized during the early postnatal period, although its functions at this time are not well known. Experiments in neonatal prairie voles have documented the capacity of OT and OT receptor antagonists to have immediate and lifelong consequences for social behaviors, including adult pair bonding and parental behaviors, as well as the reactivity of the HPA axis; most of these effects are sexually dimorphic. Possible mechanisms for such effects, including long-lasting changes in OT and vasopressin, are summarized.

}, keywords = {Animals, Arvicolinae, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Neuropeptides, Oxytocin, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Reproduction, Social Behavior, Vasopressins}, issn = {0031-9384}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @book {506, title = {Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis}, year = {2005}, pages = {512}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, address = {Boston, MA}, abstract = {

Attachment and bonding are evolved processes; the mechanisms that permit the development of selective social bonds are assumed to be very ancient, based on neural circuitry rooted deep in mammalian evolution, but the nature and timing of these processes and their ultimate and proximate causes are only beginning to be understood. In this Dahlem Workshop Report, scientists from different disciplines\—including anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral biology\—come together to explore the concepts of attachment and bonding from diverse perspectives. In their studies they seek to understand the causes or the consequences of attachment and bonding in general and their different qualities in individual development in particular. They address such questions as biobehavioral processes in attachment and bonding; early social attachment and its influences on later patterns of behavior; bonding later in life; and adaptive and maladaptive (or pathological) outcomes. The studies confirm that social bonds have consequences for virtually all aspects of behavior and may be protective in the face of both physical and emotional challenges.

}, issn = {9780262033480}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/attachment-and-bonding}, author = {C. S. Carter and L. Ahnert and K. E. Grossmann and S. B. Hrdy and M. E. Lamb and S. W. Porges and N. Sachser} } @article {314, title = {Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 Nov}, pages = {779-818}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to review existing behavioral and neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Both love and social attachments function to facilitate reproduction, provide a sense of safety, and reduce anxiety or stress. Because social attachment is an essential component of love, understanding attachment formation is an important step toward identifying the neurobiological substrates of love. Studies of pair bonding in monogamous rodents, such as prairie voles, and maternal attachment in precocial ungulates offer the most accessible animal models for the study of mechanisms underlying selective social attachments and the propensity to develop social bonds. Parental behavior and sexual behavior, even in the absence of selective social behaviors, are associated with the concept of love; the analysis of reproductive behaviors, which is far more extensive than our understanding of social attachment, also suggests neuroendocrine substrates for love. A review of these literatures reveals a recurrent association between high levels of activity in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the subsequent expression of social behaviors and attachments. Positive social behaviors, including social bonds, may reduce HPA axis activity, while in some cases negative social interactions can have the opposite effect. Central neuropeptides, and especially oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated both in social bonding and in the central control of the HPA axis. In prairie voles, which show clear evidence of pair bonds, oxytocin is capable of increasing positive social behaviors and both oxytocin and social interactions reduce activity in the HPA axis. Social interactions and attachment involve endocrine systems capable of decreasing HPA reactivity and modulating the autonomic nervous system, perhaps accounting for health benefits that are attributed to loving relationships.

}, keywords = {Animals, Biological Evolution, Child, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Love, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Object Attachment, Pair Bond, Parent-Child Relations, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sexual Behavior, Social Behavior}, issn = {0306-4530}, author = {Carter, C. S.} } @article {318, title = {Consequences of early experiences and exposure to oxytocin and vasopressin are sexually dimorphic.}, journal = {Dev Neurosci}, volume = {31}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {332-41}, abstract = {

In the socially monogamous prairie vole, we have observed that small changes in early handling, as well as early hormonal manipulations can have long-lasting and sexually dimorphic effects on behavior. These changes may be mediated in part by changes in parental interactions with their young, acting on systems that rely on oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Knowledge of both endogenous and exogenous influences on systems that rely on OT and AVP may be helpful in understanding sexually dimorphic developmental disorders, such as autism, that are characterized by increased anxiety and deficits in social behavior.

}, keywords = {Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Humans, Oxytocin, Peptides, Receptors, Vasopressin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior}, issn = {1421-9859}, doi = {10.1159/000216544}, author = {Carter, C. S. and Boone, E. M. and Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H. and Bales, K. L.} } @article {6583, title = {An initial guide to leveraging the power of social emotional learning > As you prepare to reopen and renew your school community}, year = {2020}, publisher = {CASEL}, keywords = {COVID-19, Schools, social emotional learning}, url = {https://casel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CASEL_Leveraging-SEL-as-You-Prepare-to-Reopen-and-Renew.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1ilgwtg9uEM1YSpl8BgpPbxxJn04w_wL3CKhctIbU_2lUehC8UGXF0Tos}, author = {CASEL} } @article {7385, title = {Parents as Partners: A U.K. Trial of a U.S. Couples-Based Parenting Intervention For At-Risk Low-Income Families}, journal = {Family Process}, volume = {56}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-09-2017}, pages = {589 - 606}, keywords = {at risk families, co-parenting, low-income families, United Kingdom}, doi = {10.1111/famp.2017.56.issue-310.1111/famp.12289}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/famp.12289}, author = {Casey, Polly and Cowan, Philip A. and Cowan, Carolyn P. and Draper, Lucy and Mwamba, Naomi and Hewison, David} } @article {5156, title = {Do early infant feeding patterns relate to breast-feeding continuation and weight gain? Data from a longitudinal cohort study}, journal = {Eur J Clin Nutr}, volume = {58}, number = {9}, year = {2004}, note = {Casiday, R E
Wright, C M
Panter-Brick, C
Parkinson, K N
eng
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2004/04/01 05:00
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;58(9):1290-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601964.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1290-6}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To describe the first-week feeding patterns for breast- vs bottle-fed babies, and their association with sustained breast-feeding and infant weight gain at 6 weeks. DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Feeding diaries were completed by mothers in an urban UK community shortly after birth; follow-up weight and feeding data were collected at routine health checks. SUBJECTS: Mothers of 923 full-term infants born during the recruiting period agreed to join the study. In all, 502 usable diaries were returned from 54\% of the cohort. RESULTS: Breast-fed infants were fed more frequently (2.71 h between feeds) than bottle-fed infants (3.25 h between feeds) and mixed-fed infants (3.14 h between feeds) (P<0.001) in the first week of life, while duration of feeds was similar. Only exclusive breast-feeding in the first week (P<0.001) and maternal education (P=0.004) were related to continued breast-feeding at 6 weeks. Greater first-week feeding frequency (as measured by feed-to-feed interval, h) was associated with higher weight gain at 6 weeks for breast-feeders, but no analysed factors were associated with higher weight gain for bottle-feeders. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale study of first-week feeding patterns sheds light on the important and complicated issues of breast-feeding continuation and infant weight gain, with implications for the feeding advice given to mothers. Supplementary bottle feeds were clearly associated with discontinued breast-feeding at 6 weeks. Over that period, higher weight gain was associated with more frequent feeding for breast-fed infants only. SPONSORSHIP: Henry Smith Charity, SPARKS, Child Growth Foundation.}, keywords = {*Weight Gain, Adult, Bottle Feeding/*statistics \& numerical data, Breast Feeding/*statistics \& numerical data, Cohort Studies, Educational Status, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn/*growth \& development, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers/*psychology}, isbn = {0954-3007 (Print)
0954-3007 (Linking)}, author = {Casiday, R. E. and Wright, C. M. and Panter-Brick, C. and Parkinson, K. N.} } @article {321, title = {Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {297}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Aug 2}, pages = {851-4}, abstract = {

We studied a large sample of male children from birth to adulthood to determine why some children who are maltreated grow up to develop antisocial behavior, whereas others do not. A functional polymorphism in the gene encoding the neurotransmitter-metabolizing enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) was found to moderate the effect of maltreatment. Maltreated children with a genotype conferring high levels of MAOA expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems. These findings may partly explain why not all victims of maltreatment grow up to victimize others, and they provide epidemiological evidence that genotypes can moderate children\&$\#$39;s sensitivity to environmental insults.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Environment, Genetics, Behavioral, Genotype, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minisatellite Repeats, Monoamine Oxidase, Polymorphism, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Violence}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1072290}, author = {Caspi, Avshalom and McClay, Joseph and Moffitt, Terrie E and Mill, Jonathan and Martin, Judy and Craig, Ian W and Taylor, Alan and Poulton, Richie} } @article {322, title = {Truth, lies, and intimacy: an attachment perspective.}, journal = {Attach Hum Dev}, volume = {3}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Sep}, pages = {121-55}, abstract = {

This paper outlines some of the ways in which secure attachment is associated with the capacity to participate in successful intimate relationships. The paper begins with the discussion of four key abilities required for intimacy: the ability to seek care, the ability to give care, the ability to feel comfortable with an autonomous self, and the ability to negotiate. Bowlby\&$\#$39;s attachment theory (1969/1982, 1973, 1980) and related research are presented as a framework for understanding the development of these abilities. Next, attachment, intimacy, and sexuality are discussed. In the final section, attachment, intimacy, and truth are considered.

}, keywords = {Adult, Deception, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Infant, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Personality Development, Truth Disclosure}, issn = {1461-6734}, doi = {10.1080/14616730110058999}, author = {Cassidy, J} } @inbook {572, title = {The Nature of the Child{\textquoteright}s Ties}, booktitle = {Handbook of Attachment, Third Edition: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications}, year = {2018}, pages = {3-22}, publisher = {Guilford Publications}, organization = {Guilford Publications}, edition = {3rd}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781606235843}, url = {http://www.guilford.com/books/Handbook-of-Attachment/Cassidy-Shaver/9781462525294}, author = {Cassidy, J.}, editor = {Cassidy, J. and Shaver, P.R.} } @article {324, title = {Beyond individual war trauma: domestic violence against children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.}, journal = {J Marital Fam Ther}, volume = {34}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Apr}, pages = {165-76}, abstract = {

To date, research on the psychosocial consequences of mass trauma resulting from war and organized violence on children has primarily focused on the individual as the unit of treatment and analysis with particular focus on mental disorders caused by traumatic stress. This body of research has stimulated the development of promising individual-level treatment approaches for addressing psychological trauma. In contrast, there is virtually no literature addressing the effects of mass trauma on the family and community systems. Research conducted in Sri Lanka and Afghanistan, two long-standing war-torn societies, found that in addition to multiple exposure to war or disaster-related traumatic events children also indicated high levels of exposure to family violence. These findings point to the need for conjoint family- and community-based programs of prevention and intervention that are specifically tailored for the context of the affected society. In particular, programs should take issues such as poverty, child labor, and parental alcohol use into account in assessing and treating children in the aftermath of mass trauma.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Afghanistan, Child, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Sri Lanka, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, War}, issn = {0194-472X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00062.x}, author = {Catani, Claudia and Schauer, Elisabeth and Neuner, Frank} } @article {323, title = {Tsunami, war, and cumulative risk in the lives of Sri Lankan schoolchildren.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul-Aug}, pages = {1176-91}, abstract = {

This study examines the impact of children\&$\#$39;s exposure to natural disaster against the backdrop of exposure to other traumatic events and psychosocial risks. One thousand three hundred ninety-eight Sri Lankan children aged 9-15 years were interviewed in 4 cross-sectional studies about exposure to traumatic life events related to the war, the tsunami experience, and family violence. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic complaints, psychosocial functioning, and teacher reports of school grades served as outcome measures. A global outcome variable of \"positive adaptation\" was created from a combination of these measures. Data showed extensive exposure to adversity and traumatic events among children in Sri Lanka. Findings of regression analyses indicated that all 3 event types--tsunami and disaster, war, and family violence--significantly contributed to poorer child adaptation.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disasters, Family, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Schools, Socioeconomic Factors, Sri Lanka, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Tsunamis, Violence, War}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01461.x}, author = {Catani, Claudia and Gewirtz, Abigail H and Wieling, Elizabeth and Schauer, Elizabeth and Elbert, Thomas and Neuner, Frank} } @article {717, title = {The effects of Healthy Steps on discipline strategies of parents of young children}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {24}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-10-2003}, pages = {517 - 534}, issn = {01933973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2003.08.004}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0193397303000984http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0193397303000984?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0193397303000984?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Caughy, Margaret O{\textquoteright}Brien and Miller, Therese L. and Genevro, Janice L. and Huang, Keng-Yen and Nautiyal, Charu} } @article {6505, title = {Coronavirus (COVID-19)}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19}, url = {https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html}, author = {CDC} } @article {5754, title = {Summer preschool program for refugees: A practitioner{\textquoteright}s guide for improving school readiness}, year = {2017}, publisher = {ACEV - Mother Child Education Foundation}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, abstract = {In order to reach their highest potential, all children must be supported through education from early ages onwards. This is why from its inception to the present; ACEV has been developing intervention programs suited to the needs of disadvantaged children with limited access to preschool education. ACEV{\textquoteright}s Preschool Education Program (PEP) was developed with this purpose for our Summer Preschools in 2003, in regions where access to early childhood education remains low. Then, PEP was adapted in 2016 to meet the needs of Syrian children, and implemented as a pilot project in collaboration with the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education. This Practitioner{\textquoteright}s Guide draws from the Monitoring and Evaluation Report of the pilot project for the Summer Preschools for Syrian Children, prepared by Asst. Prof. Ersoy Erdemir. It addresses the various factors recommended for consideration in efforts to improve the school readiness of Syrian children via a short-term intervention program. The first section of the Guide contains information on ACEV{\textquoteright}s Summer Preschools Program, while the second section focuses on recommendations for consideration in future implementations based on the experiences gained in this project. }, keywords = {Early childhood education, refugee children, school readiness}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/3.Syrian-Children.CaseStudy.pdf}, author = {A{\c C}EV and Mother Child Education Foundation} } @article {325, title = {Parent-child interaction therapy with physically abusive parents: efficacy for reducing future abuse reports.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {72}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Jun}, pages = {500-10}, abstract = {

A randomized trial was conducted to test the efficacy and sufficiency of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) in preventing re-reports of physical abuse among abusive parents. Physically abusive parents (N=110) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (a) PCIT, (b) PCIT plus individualized enhanced services, or (c) a standard community-based parenting group. Participants had multiple past child welfare reports, severe parent-to-child violence, low household income, and significant levels of depression, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior. At a median follow-up of 850 days, 19\% of parents assigned to PCIT had a re-report for physical abuse compared with 49\% of parents assigned to the standard community group. Additional enhanced services did not improve the efficacy of PCIT. The relative superiority of PCIT was mediated by greater reduction in negative parent-child interactions, consistent with the PCIT change model.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Psychotherapy}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.500}, author = {Chaffin, Mark and Silovsky, Jane F and Funderburk, Beverly and Valle, Linda Anne and Brestan, Elizabeth V and Balachova, Tatiana and Jackson, Shelli and Lensgraf, Jay and Bonner, Barbara L} } @article {326, title = {Naturally occurring variations in maternal behavior in the rat are associated with differences in estrogen-inducible central oxytocin receptors.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {98}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Oct 23}, pages = {12736-41}, abstract = {

Naturally occurring variations in maternal licking/grooming influence neural development and are transmitted from mother to female offspring. We found that the induction of maternal behavior in virgin females through constant exposure to pups (pup sensitization) was significantly shorter in the offspring of High compared with Low licking/grooming mothers, suggesting differences in maternal responsivity. In randomly selected females screened for individual differences in maternal responsivity and subsequently mated, there was a significant and negative correlation (r = -0.73) between the latency to exhibit maternal behavior in the pup sensitization paradigm and the frequency of pup licking/grooming during lactation. Females that were more maternally responsive to pups and that showed increased levels of pup licking/grooming also showed significantly higher oxytocin receptor levels in the medial preoptic area, the lateral septum, the central nucleus (n.) of the amygdala, the paraventricular n. of the hypothalamus, and the bed n. of the stria terminalis. Intracerebroventricular administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist to mothers on postpartum day 3 completely eliminated the differences in pup licking/grooming, suggesting that differences in oxytocin receptor levels are functionally related to maternal behavior. Finally, estrogen treatment of virgin females significantly increased oxytocin receptor binding in the medial preoptic area and lateral septum of female offspring of High, but not Low, licking/grooming mothers. These findings suggest that maternal licking/grooming influences the development of estrogen sensitivity in brain regions that regulate maternal behavior, providing a potential mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of individual differences in maternal behavior.

}, keywords = {Animals, Autoradiography, Brain, Estrogens, Female, Grooming, Maternal Behavior, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Oxytocin}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.221224598}, author = {Champagne, F and Diorio, J and Sharma, S and Meaney, M J} } @article {5871, title = {Epigenetic legacy of parental experiences: Dynamic and interactive pathways to inheritance}, journal = {Dev PsychopatholDev PsychopatholDev Psychopathol}, volume = {28}, number = {4pt2}, year = {2016}, note = {1469-2198
Champagne, Frances A
R01 MH092580/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
P50 MH090964/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
United States
Dev Psychopathol. 2016 Nov;28(4pt2):1219-1228. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416000808. Epub 2016 Sep 30.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1219-1228}, edition = {2016/10/26}, abstract = {The quality of the environment experienced by an individual across his or her lifespan can result in a unique developmental trajectory with consequences for adult phenotype and reproductive success. However, it is also evident that these experiences can impact the development of offspring with continued effect on subsequent generations. Epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as a mediator of both these within- and across-generation effects, and there is increasing evidence to support the role of environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs in predicting these outcomes. Advances in our understanding of these molecular modifications contribute to increasingly nuanced perspectives on plasticity and transmission of phenotypes across generations. A challenge that emerges from this research is in how we integrate these "new" perspectives with traditional views of development, reproduction, and inheritance. This paper will highlight evidence suggestive of an epigenetic impact of the environment on mothers, fathers, and their offspring, and illustrate the importance of considering the dynamic nature of reproduction and development and inclusive views of inheritance within the evolving field of behavioral and environmental epigenetics.}, keywords = {*Phenotype, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Methylation/genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics, Female, Genotype, Histones/genetics, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Inheritance/*genetics, Parenting/*psychology, Paternal Inheritance/*genetics, Pregnancy, Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics, RNA, Untranslated/genetics, Social Environment}, isbn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/s0954579416000808}, author = {Champagne, F. A.} } @article {328, title = {Stress during gestation alters postpartum maternal care and the development of the offspring in a rodent model.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {59}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jun 15}, pages = {1227-35}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental adversity can alter parental care and thus influence child development. We addressed the question of whether stressors can directly affect parental behavior using a rodent model of stable, individual differences in maternal behavior.

METHODS: Lactating rat mothers were characterized as high or low in pup-directed licking/grooming (LG) behavior, rebred, and subjected to 7 days of intermittent stress or control conditions during gestation. Female rats were mated a third time without any subsequent intervention. Maternal behavior, oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding, and offspring behavior were examined.

RESULTS: Stress reduced OTR levels and pup LG of high LG mothers to levels comparable with those of low LG mothers. The adult offspring of the gestational stress/high LG mothers resembled those of low LG mothers on behavioral measures of anxiety and maternal behavior, as well as OTR levels. The results of the third mating revealed an enduring effect of gestational stress on both mother and offspring maternal LG.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that stress can directly alter maternal care through the neuroendocrine systems that normally regulate this behavior. Thus, the effects of environmental adversity can be transmitted across generations through a nongenomic mechanism involving maternal care.

}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Grooming, Maternal Behavior, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Oxytocin, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.016}, author = {Champagne, Frances A and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {327, title = {Interplay between social experiences and the genome: epigenetic consequences for behavior.}, journal = {Adv Genet}, volume = {77}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {33-57}, abstract = {

Social experiences can have a persistent effect on biological processes leading to phenotypic diversity. Variation in gene regulation has emerged as a mechanism through which the interplay between DNA and environments leads to the biological encoding of these experiences. Epigenetic modifications-molecular pathways through which transcription is altered without altering the underlying DNA sequence-play a critical role in the normal process of development and are being increasingly explored as a mechanism linking environmental experiences to long-term biobehavioral outcomes. In this review, evidence implicating epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the link between social experiences occurring during the postnatal period and in adulthood and altered neuroendocrine and behavioral outcomes will be highlighted. In addition, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping variation in social behavior and the implications of epigenetics for our understanding of the transmission of traits across generations will be discussed.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Hippocampus, Histones, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations}, issn = {0065-2660}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-387687-4.00002-7}, author = {Champagne, Frances A} } @article {5872, title = {Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {381}, number = {9877}, year = {2013}, note = {1474-547x
Chan, Margaret
Journal Article
England
Lancet. 2013 May 4;381(9877):1514-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60944-7.}, month = {May 4}, pages = {1514-5}, edition = {2013/05/07}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Mortality, *Child Welfare, *Social Problems/prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Conservation of Natural Resources, Health Status, Humans}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60944-7}, author = {Chan, M.} } @article {329, title = {Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {381}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 May 4}, pages = {1514-5}, keywords = {Child Development, Child Mortality, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Conservation of Natural Resources, Health Status, Humans, Social Problems}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60944-7}, author = {Chan, Margaret} } @article {2721, title = {The early years: silent emergency or unique opportunity?}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {11-13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31701-9}, author = {Chan, Margaret and Lake, Anthony and Hansen, Keith} } @inbook {573, title = {The Changing State of Global Poverty}, booktitle = {Child Poverty and Inequality: New Perspectives}, year = {2011}, pages = {42-47}, publisher = {UNICEF}, organization = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781105531750}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/index_62108.html}, author = {Chandy, L., and G. Gertz}, editor = {Ortiz, I. and Daniels, L.M. and Engilbertsdottir, S.} } @article {658, title = {Truth commissions and intergroup forgiveness: The case of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, pages = {51-69}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {United Kingdom}, abstract = {

This article considers the experience of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in promoting intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation focusing on the participation of victims in the TRC process and their response. It utilizes a variety of sources of empirical data collected during a 6-year collaborative project between the Science and Human Rights Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation for which I served as the project director. The article analyzes transcripts of the TRC human rights violations hearings and amnesty hearings and follow-up focus groups with participants conducted as part of the project. These data show the limitations of the TRC in promoting forgiveness and reconciliation in a meaningful way. The TRC had difficulties in conceptualizing forgiveness and reconciliation on an intergroup level and concentrated instead on relationships between individual victims and perpetrators. Former victims and members of their families who testified at the violations hearings rarely mentioned these topics unless prompted to do so, and those who did were generally not inclined to forgive perpetrators. At the amnesty hearings perpetrators were reluctant to acknowledge their wrongdoing or to offer meaningful apologies, expressions of regret, or some form of compensation to those who had suffered. In light of these data the article questions the efficacy of the TRC\&$\#$39;s approach to forgiveness and healing and the capacity of transitional justice mechanisms in postconflict societies to promote forgiveness and reconciliation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

}, keywords = {*Forgiveness, *Intergroup Dynamics, *Justice, *Society, *Truth, Family, Human Rights, Perpetrators, Violence}, isbn = {1532-7949(Electronic);1078-1919(Print)}, doi = {10.1037/h0094024}, author = {Chapman, Audrey R.} } @article {330, title = {Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in pediatric primary care: association with child maltreatment and frequency of child exposure to traumatic events.}, journal = {JAMA Pediatr}, volume = {167}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Nov}, pages = {1011-8}, abstract = {

IMPORTANCE: Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with increased risk for child maltreatment and child exposure to traumatic events. Exposure to multiple traumatic events is associated with a wide range of adverse health and social outcomes in children.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of probable maternal depression, PTSD, and comorbid PTSD and depression with the risk for child maltreatment and parenting stress and with the number of traumatic events to which preschool children are exposed.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational design. We used analysis of variance to determine whether probable maternal psychopathology groups differed on child maltreatment, parenting stress, and children\&$\#$39;s exposure to traumatic events. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the unique and interactive effects of depression and PTSD severity scores on these outcomes.

SETTING: Urban pediatric primary care outpatient clinic.

PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-seven mothers of children aged 3 to 5 years.

EXPOSURE: Pediatric primary care visit.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Probable maternal depression and/or PTSD, parenting stress, child exposure to traumatic events, and child maltreatment.

RESULTS: Mothers with probable comorbid PTSD and depression reported greater child-directed psychological aggression and physical assault and greater parenting stress. The children of mothers with PTSD (mean number of events the child was exposed to, 5.0) or with comorbid PTSD and depression (3.5 events) experienced more traumatic events than those of mothers with depression (1.2 events) or neither disorder (1.4 events). Severity of depressive symptoms uniquely predicted physical assault and neglect. Symptom scores for PTSD and depression interacted to predict psychological aggression and child exposure to traumatic events. When PTSD symptom severity scores were high, psychological aggression and the number of traumatic events children experienced rose. Depressive symptom severity scores predicted the risk for psychological aggression and exposure to traumatic events only when PTSD symptom severity scores were low.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children of mothers with PTSD are exposed to more traumatic events. Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with an increased risk for child maltreatment beyond that associated with depression. Screening and intervention for maternal PTSD, in addition to maternal depression, may increase our ability to reduce children\&$\#$39;s exposure to traumatic stress and maltreatment.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mothers, Primary Health Care, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {2168-6211}, doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2218}, author = {Chemtob, Claude M and Gudi{\~n}o, Omar G and Laraque, Danielle} } @book {507, title = {Socioemotional Development in Cultural Context}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Guilford Publications}, organization = {Guilford Publications}, isbn = {9781609181888}, url = {http://www.guilford.com/books/Socioemotional-Development-in-Cultural-Context/Chen-Rubin/9781609181864}, author = {Chen, X. and Rubin, K.H.} } @article {5952, title = {Exploring antenatal education content for couples in Blantyre, Malawi}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {18}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-018-2137-y}, url = {https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-018-2137-yhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12884-018-2137-y.pdf}, author = {Chikalipo, Maria Chifuniro and Chirwa, Ellen Mbweza and Muula, Adamson Sinjani} } @article {6188, title = {Small voices, BIG dreams 2019: Violence against children, as explained by children}, year = {2019}, institution = {ChildFund Alliance}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.smallvoicesbigdreams.org/en/}, author = {Childfund, Alliance} } @article {7681, title = {2024 Key Achievements of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, year = {2025}, month = {01/2025}, institution = {UN OSRSG VAC}, type = {Report}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

Celebrating 15 Years of Advocacy: Key Achievements and Next Steps

New York, 20 January 2025 - In 2024, the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children commemorated 15 years of global advocacy and action to achieve a world free from violence against children. It was a year of wide stakeholder mobilization and strengthening partnerships with Member States, the United Nations system, the private sector, civil society, faith-based organizations, traditional leaders, academia, survivors, and children. Many results were achieved, including the successful launch of the Pathfinding Global Alliance on Ending Violence Against Children and the convening of the first-ever Ministerial Conference on Ending Violence Against Children.
Watch the video commemorating 15 years of global advocacy and action to end violence against children.
}, keywords = {global advocacy and action, violence against children}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/celebrating-15-years-advocacy-key-achievements-and-next-steps}, author = {Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children} } @article {7058, title = {Implementing the Global Compact on Refugees for Children. Examples of Child-focused work}, year = {2020}, institution = {Initiative for Child Rights in the Global Compacts}, keywords = {children, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://www.childrenonthemove.org/resources-produced-by-the-initiative/new-a-collection-of-examples-of-child-focused-work-in-line-with-the-global-compact-on-refugees/}, author = {ChildrenOnTheMove} } @article {5757, title = {Working document on child rights in the global compacts}, year = {2017}, institution = {Child Rights in the Global Compacts}, keywords = {child rights, children on the move, refugee children}, url = {http://www.terredeshommes.org/working-document-on-child-rights-in-the-global-compacts/}, author = {ChildRightsGlobalCompacts} } @article {5756, title = {Ten acts for the Global Compact: A civil society vision for a transformative agenda for human mobility, migration and development}, year = {2017}, institution = {Child Rights in the Global Compacts}, keywords = {child migrations, child protection, refugee children}, url = {http://www.madenetwork.org/sites/default/files/Civil\%20Society\%20-\%20Now\%20and\%20How\%20TEN\%20Acts_\%20English.pdf}, author = {ChildRightsGlobalCompacts} } @book {508, title = {Death, Hope and Sex: Steps to an Evolutionary Ecology of Mind and Morality}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, isbn = {9780521597081}, url = {http://www.cambridge.org/ae/academic/subjects/life-sciences/biological-anthropology-and-primatology/death-hope-and-sex-steps-evolutionary-ecology-mind-and-morality?format=AR}, author = {Chisholm, J.S.} } @article {6177, title = {Linking family-friendly policies to women{\textquoteright}s economic empowerment. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {childcare, family-friendly policies, gender equality, parental leave, women{\textquoteright}s economic empowerment}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Gender-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Chopra, D. and Krishnan, M. and UNICEF} } @article {7327, title = {GCR-SCI Advocacy Briefing on the rights of children in Greece, September - October 2021}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Greek Council for Refugees}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Greece, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://www.gcr.gr/en/ekdoseis-media/reports/reports/item/1835-gcr-sci-advocacy-briefing-on-the-rights-of-children-in-greece-september-october-2021}, author = {Chouzouraki, A. and Gorevan, D.} } @inbook {5735, title = {The Culture of Peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {xiii-xx}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {Foreword}, abstract = {Here, I wish to put forth a different perspective: The task of uniting the strengths and capabilities of billions of individuals, so as to ensure long-term peace and security in our world, is very much underway. Focusing on that which binds us together as human beings, a culture{\textemdash}a set of values, attitudes, traditions and modes of behavior and ways of life{\textemdash}is being created to support the eventual realization of these goals. For this to be successful, however, each individual must be empowered to act according to fundamental principles. These principles must be evident in our actions (both individual and societal), and they must form the very basis upon which policies are formulated at local, regional, national, and international levels. By immersing ourselves in a culture that supports and promotes peace, individual efforts will, over time, unite to enable sustainable peace and security to emerge.}, keywords = {The Culture of Peace}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.001.0001}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Chowdhury, A. K.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @book {7110, title = {Creating The Culture of Peace: A clarion call for individual and collective transformation}, year = {2020}, pages = {272}, publisher = {British-American publishing company I.B. Tauris}, organization = {British-American publishing company I.B. Tauris}, edition = {1st}, address = {London, England}, keywords = {Culture of Peace, peace promotion, violence prevention}, isbn = {9781786725707}, url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/creating-the-culture-of-peace-9781786725707/}, author = {Chowdhury, A. and Ikeda, D.} } @book {509, title = {Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Prentice Hall}, organization = {Prentice Hall}, isbn = {9780130968210}, url = {http://u.osu.edu/christie/about/peace-conflict-and-violence-peace-psychology-for-the-21st-century/}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Wagner, R. V. and Du Nann Winter, D.} } @inbook {472, title = {Healthy human development as a path to peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {273-302}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {15}, abstract = {What is the potential role of early childhood interventions for promoting peace? From our perspective, healthy human development during early childhood can lay the foundation for the child{\textquoteright}s acquisition of complex and specific capacities required to engage in peace-promoting behavior. This chapter focuses on children{\textquoteright}s capacity to create, maintain, and restore harmonious and equitable relationships with others. Obstacles and catalysts for healthy human development are identified, as are the competencies required for children to engage in harmonious and equitable relationships. Sustainable peace in a society requires a {\textquotedblleft}systems approach{\textquotedblright} that reduces both direct and structural violence and promotes peaceful means and socially just ends. A model is proposed based on four sequential foundations: healthy human development, healthy primary relationships, prosocial interpersonal relations, and the adoption of a peace and social justice orientation toward out-group members. Three case studies are presented to clarify the key concepts and propositions we advance. Drawing on an agentic perspective, in which the child is a producer as well as the product of social environments, our concept of peaceful children implies not only healthy human development and the acquisition of specific developmental capacities for peace, but also the child{\textquoteright}s internalization of a set of values that support a commitment to relational harmony and social justice. In conclusion, suggestions for future research are offered.}, keywords = {attachment, Human Development, nurturing, prosociality, Social Justice}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0015}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {D. J. Christie and C. Panter-Brick and J. R. Behrman and J. R. Cochrane and A. Dawes and K. Goth and J. Hayden and A. S. Masten and I. Nasser and R. Punamaki and M. Tomlinson}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @article {333, title = {Peace psychology for a peaceful world.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {63}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Sep}, pages = {540-52}, abstract = {

Although the literature in peace psychology has been growing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and achieved. This article reviews the long history and broadening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships between positive and negative peace, structural and direct violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for grappling with humanity\&$\#$39;s most pressing problems in the coming decades.

}, keywords = {Conflict (Psychology), Humans, Social Justice, Violence, War}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Tint, B. S. and Wagner, R. V. and Winter, D. D.} } @article {659, title = {What is peace psychology the psychology of ?}, journal = {Journal of Social IssuesJournal of Social Issues}, volume = {62}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {012rg
Times Cited:38
Cited References Count:63}, pages = {1-17}, abstract = {

Peace psychology emerged as a distinct area of research and practice during the Cold War, when the preeminent concern was the prevention of nuclear war. Now global in scope, the focal concerns of peace psychologists are nuanced by geohistorical contexts and the distinction between episodic violence and structural violence, the latter of which also kills people, albeit slowly through the deprivation of basic need satisfaction. Accordingly, the focal concerns of contributors to this issue vary depending on geohistorical context: some being primarily concerned with patterns of behavior and cognition involved in the prevention of violent episodes and others with the amelioration of structural violence. A systems perspective is used as a framework for integrating episodes and structures of violence and peace. Articles emphasizing \"systemic violence\" demonstrate the interplay between structures and episodes of violence. Articles on \"systemic peacebuilding\" examine intergroup contact, the nonviolent management of conflict, and movement toward socially just structures, thereby yielding an increase in cooperative and equitable relationships across levels, from interpersonal to intergroup.

}, isbn = {0022-4537}, doi = {10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00436.x}, author = {Christie, D. J.} } @article {332, title = {Contributions of psychology to war and peace.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {68}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct}, pages = {502-13}, abstract = {

The contributions of American psychologists to war have been substantial and responsive to changes in U.S. national security threats and interests for nearly 100 years. These contributions are identified and discussed for four periods of armed conflict: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the Global War on Terror. In contrast, about 50 years ago, largely in reaction to the threat of nuclear war, some psychologists in the United States and around the world broke with the tradition of supporting war and began focusing their scholarship and activism on the prevention of war and promotion of peace. Today, peace psychology is a vibrant area of psychology, with theory and practice aimed at understanding, preventing, and mitigating both episodes of organized violence and the pernicious worldwide problem of structural violence. The growth, scope, and content of peace psychology are reviewed along with contributions to policies that promote peace, social justice, and human well-being.

}, keywords = {History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Psychology, Terrorism, Violence, War, World War I, World War II}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0032875}, author = {Christie, D. J. and Montiel, C. J.} } @article {334, title = {Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: a study of postinstitutionalized Romanian orphans.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, volume = {14}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Dec}, pages = {1290-301}, abstract = {

Early global deprivation of institutionalized children may result in persistent specific cognitive and behavioral deficits. In order to examine brain dysfunction underlying these deficits, we have applied positron emission tomography using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose in 10 children (6 males, 4 females, mean age 8.8 years) adopted from Romanian orphanages. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), the pattern of brain glucose metabolism in the orphans was compared to the patterns obtained from two control groups: (i) a group of 17 normal adults (9 males, 8 females, mean age 27.6 years) and (ii) a group of 7 children (5 males and 2 females, mean age 10.7 years) with medically refractory focal epilepsy, but normal glucose metabolism pattern in the contralateral hemisphere. Consistent with previous studies of children adopted from Romanian orphanages, neuropsychological assessment of Romanian orphans in the present study showed mild neurocognitive impairment, impulsivity, and attention and social deficits. Comparing the normalized glucose metabolic rates to those of normal adults, the Romanian orphans showed significantly decreased metabolism bilaterally in the orbital frontal gyrus, the infralimbic prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal structures (amygdala and head of hippocampus), the lateral temporal cortex, and the brain stem. These findings were confirmed using a region-of-interest approach. SPM analysis showed significantly decreased glucose metabolism in the same brain regions comparing the orphans to the nonepileptic hemisphere of the childhood epilepsy controls. Dysfunction of these brain regions may result from the stress of early global deprivation and may be involved in the long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits displayed by some Romanian orphans.

}, keywords = {Adoption, Adult, Amygdala, Blood Glucose, Brain, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Institutionalized, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Hippocampus, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Male, Orphanages, Psychosocial Deprivation, Risk Factors, Romania, United States}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0917}, author = {Chugani, H T and Behen, M E and Muzik, O and Juh{\'a}sz, C and Nagy, F and Chugani, D C} } @article {6178, title = {Are the world{\textquoteright}s richest countries family friendly? Policy in the OECD and EU}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {breastfeeding, childcare centres, family policy, OECD/EU countries, parental leave}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/55696/file/Family-friendly\%20policies\%20research\%202019.pdf}, author = {Chzhen, Y. and Gromada, A. and Rees, Gwyther} } @article {335, title = {Resilience under conditions of extreme stress: a multilevel perspective.}, journal = {World Psychiatry}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {145-54}, abstract = {

Resilience has been conceptualized as a dynamic developmental process encompassing the attainment of positive adaptation within the context of significant threat, severe adversity, or trauma. Until the past decade, the empirical study of resilience predominantly focused on behavioral and psychosocial correlates of, and contributors to, the phenomenon and did not examine neurobiological or genetic correlates of and contributors to resilience. Technological advances in molecular genetics and neuroimaging, and in measuring other biological aspects of behavior, have made it more feasible to begin to conduct research on pathways to resilient functioning from a multilevel perspective. Child maltreatment constitutes a profound immersion in severe stress that challenges and frequently impairs development across diverse domains of biological and psychological functioning. Research on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is presented as an illustration of empirical work that is moving from single-level to multilevel investigations of competent functioning in the face of adversity and trauma. These include studies of personality, neural, neuroendocrine, and molecular genetic contributors to resilient adaptation. Analogous to neural plasticity that takes place in response to brain injury, it is conjectured that it may be possible to conceptualize resilience as the ability of individuals to recover functioning after exposure to extreme stress. Multilevel randomized control prevention and intervention trials have substantial potential for facilitating the promotion of resilient functioning in diverse high-risk populations that have experienced significant adversity. Determining the multiple levels at which change is engendered through randomized control trials will provide insight into the mechanisms of change, the extent to which neural plasticity may be promoted, and the interrelations between biological and psychological processes in the development of maladaptation, psychopathology, and resilience.

}, issn = {1723-8617}, author = {Cicchetti, D.} } @inbook {574, title = {An Ecological Transactional Perspective on Child Maltreatment: Failure of the Average Expectable Environment and Its Influence Upon Child Development}, booktitle = {Developmental Psychopathology, Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation}, volume = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {129-201}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9780470050064}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471237388.html}, author = {Cicchetti, D. and K. Valentino}, editor = {Cicchetti, D. and Cohen, D.J.} } @article {336, title = {Annual Research Review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children--past, present, and future perspectives.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {402-22}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Through a process of probabilistic epigenesis, child maltreatment progressively contributes to compromised adaptation on a variety of developmental domains central to successful adjustment. These developmental failures pose significant risk for the emergence of psychopathology across the life course. In addition to the psychological consequences of maltreatment, a growing body of research has documented the deleterious effects of abuse and neglect on biological processes. Nonetheless, not all maltreated children develop maladaptively. Indeed, some percentage of maltreated children develops in a resilient fashion despite the significant adversity and stress they experience.

METHODS: The literature on the determinants of resilience in maltreated children is selectively reviewed and criteria for the inclusion of the studies are delineated.

RESULTS: The majority of the research on the contributors to resilient functioning has focused on a single level of analysis and on psychosocial processes. Multilevel investigations have begun to appear, resulting in several studies on the processes to resilient functioning that integrate biological/genetic and psychological domains.

CONCLUSIONS: Much additional research on the determinants of resilient functioning must be completed before we possess adequate knowledge based on a multiple levels of analysis approach that is commensurate with the complexity inherent in this dynamic developmental process. Suggestions for future research on the development of resilient functioning in maltreated children are proffered and intervention implications are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Character, Child, Child Abuse, Epigenesis, Genetic, Forecasting, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Models, Statistical, Personality Development, Psychopathology, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Resilience, Psychological, Social Environment}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x}, author = {Cicchetti, D.} } @article {378, title = {Normalizing the development of cortisol regulation in maltreated infants through preventive interventions.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {789-800}, abstract = {

Longitudinal effects of child maltreatment on cortisol regulation in infants from age 1 to 3 years were investigated in the context of a randomized preventive intervention trial. Thirteen-month-old infants from maltreating families (N = 91) and their mothers were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: child-parent psychotherapy, psychoeducational parenting intervention, and a control group involving standard community services (CS). A fourth group of infants from nonmaltreating families (N = 52) and their mothers comprised a nonmaltreated comparison (NC) group. The two active interventions were combined into one maltreated intervention (MI) group for statistical analyses. Saliva samples were obtained from children at 10:00 a.m. before beginning a laboratory observation session with their mothers when the children were 13 months of age (preintervention), 19 months (midintervention), 26 months (postintervention), and 38 months (1-year postintervention follow-up). At the initial assessment, no significant differences among groups in morning cortisol were observed. Latent growth curve analyses examined trajectories of cortisol regulation over time. Beginning at midintervention, divergence was found among the groups. Whereas the MI group remained indistinguishable from the NC group across time, the CS group progressively evinced lower levels of morning cortisol, statistically differing from the MI and NC groups. Results highlight the value of psychosocial interventions for early child maltreatment in normalizing biological regulatory processes.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Parenting, Saliva, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579411000307}, author = {Cicchetti, D. and Rogosch, F. A. and Toth, S. L. and Sturge-Apple, M. L.} } @article {7345, title = {12 Key ways for states to get back on track}, year = {2021}, institution = {Civil Society Action Committee}, keywords = {children in migration, civil society, climate change, COVID-19}, url = {https://csactioncommittee.org/call-for-organizational-sign-ons-join-us-in-endorsing-the-action-committees-position-paper-on-the-imrf/}, author = {CivilSocietyActionCommittee} } @article {337, title = {Development of individual differences in stress responsiveness: an overview of factors mediating the outcome of early life experiences.}, journal = {Psychopharmacology (Berl)}, volume = {214}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Mar}, pages = {141-54}, abstract = {

RATIONALE: Human epidemiology and animal studies have convincingly shown the long-lasting impact of early life experiences on the development of individual differences in stress responsiveness in later life. The interplay between genes and environment underlies this phenomenon.

OBJECTIVES: We provide an overview of studies investigating the impact of early life experiences on the development of individual differences in neuroendocrine stress responsiveness in adulthood and address (1) impact of environment on later stress phenotypes, (2) role of genetic factors in modulating the outcome of environment, and (3) role of nonshared environmental experience in the outcome of gene \× environment interplays. We present original findings where we investigated the influence of nonshared experiences in terms of individual differences in maternal care received, on the development of stress phenotype in later life in rats.

RESULTS: Environmental influences in early life exert powerful effects on later stress phenotypes, but they do not always lead to expression of diseases. Heterogeneity in response is explained by the role of particular genetic factors in modulating the influence of environment. Nonshared experiences are important in the outcome of gene \× environment interplays in humans. We show that nonshared experiences acquired through within-litter variation in maternal care in rats predict the stress phenotype of the offspring.

CONCLUSION: The outcome of early experience is not deterministic and depends on several environmental and genetic factors interacting in an intricate manner to support stress adaptation. The degree of \"match\" and \"mismatch\" between early and later life environments predicts resilience and vulnerability to stress-related diseases, respectively.

}, keywords = {Animals, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Life Change Events, Neurosecretory Systems, Phenotype, Rats, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1432-2072}, doi = {10.1007/s00213-010-2118-y}, author = {Claessens, Sanne E F and Daskalakis, Nikolaos P and van der Veen, Rixt and Oitzl, Melly S and de Kloet, E Ronald and Champagne, Danielle L} } @article {6363, title = {A future for the world{\textquoteright}s children? A WHO{\textendash}UNICEF{\textendash}Lancet Commission}, journal = {The Lancet}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-02-2020}, keywords = {child health, climate change, conflict, early childhood, ecological degradation, migrating populations, pervasive inequalities, predatory commercial practices}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32540-1}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673619325401?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Clark, Helen and Coll-Seck, Awa Marie and Banerjee, Anshu and Peterson, Stefan and Dalglish, Sarah L and Ameratunga, Shanthi and Balabanova, Dina and Bhan, Maharaj Kishan and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A and Borrazzo, John and Claeson, Mariam and Doherty, Tanya and El-Jardali, Fadi and George, Asha S and Gichaga, Angela and Gram, Lu and Hipgrave, David B and Kwamie, Aku and Meng, Qingyue and Mercer, Ra{\'u}l and Narain, Sunita and Nsungwa-Sabiiti, Jesca and Olumide, Adesola O and Osrin, David and Powell-Jackson, Timothy and Rasanathan, Kumanan and Rasul, Imran and Reid, Papaarangi and Requejo, Jennifer and Rohde, Sarah S and Rollins, Nigel and Romedenne, Magali and Singh Sachdev, Harshpal and Saleh, Rana and Shawar, Yusra R and Shiffman, Jeremy and Simon, Jonathon and Sly, Peter D and Stenberg, Karin and Tomlinson, Mark and Ved, Rajani R and Costello, Anthony} } @article {338, title = {Quantitative EEG in low-IQ children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {117}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Aug}, pages = {1708-14}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated EEG differences between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and matched control subjects, with either normal or low IQs.

METHODS: Twenty normal-IQ and 20 low-IQ children with AD/HD, and 40 age-, IQ- and sex-matched control subjects participated in this study. EEG was recorded from 21 sites during an eyes-closed resting condition and Fourier transformed to provide estimates for total power, and absolute and relative power in the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands.

RESULTS: Children with AD/HD had increased theta activity with decreased levels of alpha and beta activity compared to control subjects. IQ was not found to impact on the EEG. No significant differences were found between subjects with normal and low IQs, with the low- and high-IQ AD/HD groups having similar EEG profiles.

CONCLUSIONS: Low-IQ children with AD/HD have similar EEG abnormalities to those with normal IQs, and IQ does not appear to impact on EEG power measures.

SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to investigate EEG differences in low-IQ children with and without AD/HD.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Intelligence Tests, Male}, issn = {1388-2457}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2006.04.015}, author = {Clarke, Adam R and Barry, Robert J and McCarthy, Rory and Selikowitz, Mark and Magee, Christopher A and Johnstone, Stuart J and Croft, Rodney J} } @inbook {575, title = {Peace and Conflict Studies Versus Peace Science}, booktitle = {The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology}, number = {v. 1}, year = {2012}, pages = {767-771}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781405196444}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405196440.html}, author = {J. L. Clemens}, editor = {Christie, D.J.} } @book {510, title = {Changed Lives: The Effects of the Perry Preschool Program on Youths Through Age 19}, year = {1984}, pages = {224}, publisher = {High/Scope Foundation}, organization = {High/Scope Foundation}, abstract = {

This study is the eighth in a series of reports of longitudinal research on the long-term effects of participation versus nonparticipation in a program of high quality early childhood education, on 123 black youths from families of low socioeconomic status, who were at risk of failing in school. The study finds that young people up to 19 years of age who attended the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation\&$\#$39;s Perry Preschool Program (PPP) in the early 1960s continue to outperform peers who did not attend preschool. The PPP provided an organized educational experience directed at the intellectual and social development of young children who participated, in most cases, for 2 years when they were 3 and 4 years of age. Fifty-eight children were assigned to the preschool group called the experimental group and 65 children were assigned to the no-preschool group called the control group. The Perry Preschool study addressed the issue of whether high quality early childhood education would improve the lives of low-income children and their families, and the quality of life of the community as a whole. Sections of the report concern: (1) the background and context of the Perry Preschool Study; (2) preschool\&$\#$39;s effects on school success, early socioeconomic success, and social responsibility; (3) review and interpretation of study outcomes over time; (4) preschool\&$\#$39;s long-term impact; (5) the lessons of early childhood research; and (6) nine case studies of children growing up in Ypsilanti, Michigan. An appendix provides information about supplementary analyses of the data. Three commentaries on the study are included. (RH)

}, isbn = {9780931114281}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=UyGfAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Clement, J.R.B.} } @article {6268, title = {2019 Edition of the minimum standards for child protection in humanitarian action (CPMS)}, year = {2019}, institution = {Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child protection, humanitarian action}, url = {https://alliancecpha.org/en/CPMS_home}, author = {CMPS} } @inbook {576, title = {Religion, Health and the Economy}, booktitle = {The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions}, year = {2012}, pages = {430-442}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, organization = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {9781118255544}, url = {http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/book?id=g9781405196901_9781405196901}, author = {Cochrane, J. R.}, editor = {Bongmba, E.K.aas, M.} } @article {339, title = {Childhood socioeconomic status and adult health.}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1186}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Feb}, pages = {37-55}, abstract = {

Socioeconomic status (SES) exposures during childhood are powerful predictors of adult cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and mortality due to a range of specific causes. However, we still know little about when childhood SES exposures matter most, how long they need to last, what behavioral, psychological, or physiological pathways link the childhood SES experience to adult health, and which specific adult health outcomes are vulnerable to childhood SES exposures. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between childhood and adolescent SES and adult health, and explore different environmental, behavioral, and physiological pathways that might explain how early SES would influence adult health. We also address the ages when SES exposures matter most for setting adult health trajectories as well as the role of exposure duration in SES influences on later health. While early childhood exposures seem to be potent predictors of a range of health outcomes, we emphasize that later childhood and adolescent exposures are risks for other health outcomes.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Health Behavior, Health Status, Humans, Risk Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1749-6632}, doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05334.x}, author = {Cohen, Sheldon and Janicki-Deverts, Denise and Chen, Edith and Matthews, Karen A} } @book {511, title = {Negotiating Across Cultures: Communication Obstacles in International Diplomacy}, year = {1991}, publisher = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, organization = {United States Institute of Peace Press}, isbn = {9781878379085}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Negotiating_Across_Cultures.html?id=lR65AAAAIAAJ}, author = {Cohen, R.} } @article {331, title = {Contributions of positive psychology to peace: toward global well-being and resilience.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {68}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct}, pages = {590-600}, abstract = {

In this article, we analyze the relationship between positive psychology and peace psychology. We discuss how positive emotions, engagement, meaning, personal well-being, and resilience may impact peace at different levels, ranging from the personal and interpersonal to community, national, and global peace. First, we argue that an individual\&$\#$39;s positive experiences, personal well-being, and personal resilience, as defined in current positive psychology, may in fact contribute to personal and interpersonal peace but can also entail detrimental consequences for other individuals, communities, and nations. Second, we describe how peace psychology contains traces of positive psychology, especially with its focus on the pursuit of social justice. Third, reviewing and extending the concept of community resilience, we outline directions for further conceptual and empirical work in positive psychology inspired by peace psychology. Such work would do well to transcend positive psychology\&$\#$39;s current bias toward individualism and nationalism and to conceptualize well-being and resilience at the level of the \"global community.\" This extended \"positive peace psychology\" perspective would have important implications for our understanding of how to overcome oppression and work toward global peace.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Global Health, Humans, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Resilience, Psychological, Social Justice, Violence}, issn = {1935-990X}, doi = {10.1037/a0032089}, author = {Cohrs, J. C. and Christie, D. J. and White, M. P. and Das, C.} } @article {4111, title = {Seven essential elements for creating effective children{\textquoteright}s media to promote peacebuilding: Lessons from international co-productions of Sesame Street and other children{\textquoteright}s media programs}, journal = {New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development}, volume = {2018}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-03-2018}, pages = {55 - 69}, doi = {10.1002/cad.2018.2018.issue-15910.1002/cad.20229}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cad.2018.2018.issue-159http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cad.20229http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/cad.20229/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fcad.20229}, author = {Cole, C. F. and Lee, J. H. and Bucuvalas, A. and Sirali, Y.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {660, title = {Begin with the children: What research on Sesame Street{\textquoteright}s international coproductions reveals about using media to promote a new more peaceful world}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, year = {2008}, month = {July 1, 2008}, pages = {359-365}, abstract = {

For nearly four decades, Sesame Workshop has brought the joy of learning to the world\&$\#$39;s youngest citizens through the introduction of locally-produced coproductions of the preschool television series, Sesame Street. Many of these television shows have been specifically designed to forward important prosocial messages directly linked to the complex socio-political backdrop in which they are created. Focusing on recent projects in Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Kosovo, this article reviews research on the educational effectiveness of these initiatives and highlights the ways in which study results provide information on best practices for media projects designed for children living in regions of conflict. The paper also reviews the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches and provides practical information on how difficult issues have been presented in an age-appropriate and culturally-relevant manner. By acknowledging the challenges inherent to producing media designed to effect attitudinal and behavior changes in places mired in ongoing conflict, these studies, when examined as a group, provide emerging evidence of the need for increasingly direct and specific media intervention efforts. Presenting these studies in light of the projects that they evaluate and the related socio-political circumstances offers a body of evidence suggesting the educational value of these media efforts and indicating a need for further study in this field.

}, doi = {10.1177/0165025408090977}, author = {Cole, C. F. and Labin, D. B. and del Rocio Galarza, M.} } @article {661, title = {Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital}, journal = {American Journal of Sociology}, volume = {94}, year = {1988}, pages = {S95-S120}, publisher = {The University of Chicago Press}, abstract = {

In this paper, the concept of social capital is introduced and illustrated, its forms are described, the social structural conditions under which it arises are examined, and it is used in an analysis of dropouts from high school. Use of the concept of social capital is part of a general theoretical strategy discussed in the paper: taking rational action as a starting point but rejecting the extreme individualistic premises that often accompany it. The conception of social capital as a resource for action is one way of introducing social structure into the rational action paradigm. Three forms of social capital are examined: obligations and expectations, information channels, and social norms. The role of closure in the social structure in facilitating the first and third of these forms of social capital is described. An analysis of the effect of the lack of social capital available to high school sophomores on dropping out of school before graduation is carried out. The effect of social capital within the family and in the community outside the family is examined.

}, isbn = {00029602}, doi = {10.2307/2780243}, author = {Coleman, James S.} } @article {2726, title = {Characteristics of Protracted, Intractable Conflict: Toward the Development of a Metaframework-I}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {2003/03/01}, pages = {1-37}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {Protracted, intractable conflicts mark a new research frontier in the field of conflict studies. These intense, inescapable conflicts over issues such as critical resources, identity, meaning, justice, and power are complex, traumatic, and often resist even the most serious attempts at resolution. But why are they intractable? What characteristics distinguish intractable conflicts from more tractable, resolvable conflicts? Scholars have begun to identify a diverse array of interrelated factors. This article is the first in a three-part series that presents a metaframework for protracted, intractable conflict: a broad conceptual framework for theory building and intervention. This article begins the series by outlining the unique characteristics and challenges posed by conflict in this domain.}, isbn = {1078-1919}, doi = {10.1207/S15327949PAC0901_01}, author = {Coleman, Peter T.} } @article {5526, title = {Countdown to 2030: tracking progress towards universal coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {391}, number = {10129}, year = {2018}, note = {eng
Review
England
2018/02/06 06:00
Lancet. 2018 Apr 14;391(10129):1538-1548. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30104-1. Epub 2018 Jan 31.}, month = {Apr 14}, pages = {1538-1548}, abstract = {Building upon the successes of Countdown to 2015, Countdown to 2030 aims to support the monitoring and measurement of women{\textquoteright}s, children{\textquoteright}s, and adolescents{\textquoteright} health in the 81 countries that account for 95\% of maternal and 90\% of all child deaths worldwide. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, the rate of decline in prevalence of maternal and child mortality, stillbirths, and stunting among children younger than 5 years of age needs to accelerate considerably compared with progress since 2000. Such accelerations are only possible with a rapid scale-up of effective interventions to all population groups within countries (particularly in countries with the highest mortality and in those affected by conflict), supported by improvements in underlying socioeconomic conditions, including women{\textquoteright}s empowerment. Three main conclusions emerge from our analysis of intervention coverage, equity, and drivers of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) in the 81 Countdown countries. First, even though strong progress was made in the coverage of many essential RMNCH interventions during the past decade, many countries are still a long way from universal coverage for most essential interventions. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that available services in many countries are of poor quality, limiting the potential effect on RMNCH outcomes. Second, within-country inequalities in intervention coverage are reducing in most countries (and are now almost non-existent in a few countries), but the pace is too slow. Third, health-sector (eg, weak country health systems) and non-health-sector drivers (eg, conflict settings) are major impediments to delivering high-quality services to all populations. Although more data for RMNCH interventions are available now, major data gaps still preclude the use of evidence to drive decision making and accountability. Countdown to 2030 is investing in improvements in measurement in several areas, such as quality of care and effective coverage, nutrition programmes, adolescent health, early childhood development, and evidence for conflict settings, and is prioritising its regional networks to enhance local analytic capacity and evidence for RMNCH.}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {CollaborationCountdownTo} } @article {5960, title = {Evaluation of the Media Initiative for Children-Respecting Difference Programme in the Education Sector}, year = {2015}, url = {https://www.early-years.org/mifc/schools-report/Respecting\%20Difference\%20in\%20Education\%20Evaluation.pdf}, author = {Collins, K.} } @article {6269, title = {Male involvement interventions and improved couples{\textquoteright} emotional relationships in Tanzania and Zimbabwe: {\textquoteleft}When we are walking together, I feel happy{\textquoteright}}, journal = {Culture, Health \& Sexuality}, year = {2019}, month = {Aug-08-2020}, pages = {1 - 18}, keywords = {couple relationships, Love, Male involvement, maternal and child health}, issn = {1369-1058}, doi = {10.1080/13691058.2019.1630564}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2019.1630564}, author = {Comrie-Thomson, Liz and Mavhu, Webster and Makungu, Christina and Nahar, Quamrun and Khan, Rasheda and Davis, Jessica and Stillo, Erica and Hamdani, Saadya and Luchters, Stanley and Vaughan, Cathy} } @article {5873, title = {Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations: a prospective, longitudinal study of parents and children}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {Conger, Rand D
Neppl, Tricia
Kim, Kee Jeong
Scaramella, Laura
DA05347/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
MCJ-109572/PHS HHS/United States
MH00567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH19734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH43270/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH48165/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH51361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003 Apr;31(2):143-60.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {143-60}, edition = {2003/05/09}, abstract = {This investigation examined intergenerational continuities in both angry, aggressive parenting and also the angry, aggressive behavior of children and adolescents. Data from 75 G2 youth (26 men, 49 women, M = 22-years old), their mothers (G1), and their G3 children (47 boys, 28 girls, M = 2.4-years old) were included in the analyses. The prospective, longitudinal design of the study, which included observational and multiinformant measures, overcame many of the methodological limitations found in much of the earlier research on intergenerational transmission. The results demonstrated a direct connection between observed G1 aggressive parenting and observed G2 aggressive parenting from 5 to 7 years later. G2 aggressive behavior as an adolescent and G3 aggressive behavior as a child were related to parenting behavior but not directly to one another. The results were consistent with a social learning perspective on intergenerational continuities in angry and aggressive behaviors.}, keywords = {*Aggression, *Anger, *Intergenerational Relations, *Parent-Child Relations, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Prospective Studies, Social Behavior Disorders/*epidemiology/*psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {0091-0627 (Print)
0091-0627}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022570107457}, author = {Conger, R. D. and Neppl, T. and Kim, K. J. and Scaramella, L.} } @article {2731, title = {Socioeconomic Status, Family Processes, and Individual Development}, journal = {Journal of marriage and the family}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {20676350[pmid]
J Marriage Fam}, pages = {685-704}, abstract = {Research during the past decade shows that social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is related to satisfaction and stability in romantic unions, the quality of parent-child relationships, and a range of developmental outcomes for adults and children. This review focuses on evidence regarding potential mechanisms proposed to account for these associations. Research findings reported during the past decade demonstrate support for an interactionist model of the relationship between SES and family life, which incorporates assumptions from both the social causation and social selection perspectives. The review concludes with recommendations for future research on SES, family processes and individual development in terms of important theoretical and methodological issues yet to be addressed.}, isbn = {0022-2445
1741-3737}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910915/}, author = {Conger, Rand D. and Conger, Katherine J. and Martin, Monica J.} } @article {5961, title = {A cluster randomised trial evaluation of the Media Initiative for Children: Respecting Difference Programme, Centre for Effective Education}, year = {2010}, institution = {Center for Effective Education, Queen{\textquoteright}s University Belfast}, address = {Belfast, Ireland}, url = {http://www.early-years.org/coral/research-docs/mifc-crt.pdf}, author = {Connolly, P. and Miller, S. and Eakin, A.} } @article {2736, title = {Using survey data to explore preschool children{\textquoteright}s ethnic awareness and attitudes}, journal = {Journal of Early Childhood Research}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, month = {June 1, 2011}, pages = {175-187}, abstract = {This article presents the findings of a large-scale survey (n = 1049) of ethnic awareness and attitudes among three to four-year-old children in Northern Ireland. In drawing upon and applying Bourdieu{\textquoteright}s notion of habitus, the article demonstrates how, even at this age, the children are already beginning to embody and internalize the cultural habits and dispositions of their respective ethnic groups; namely the Protestant and Catholic communities. This is illustrated in the present article in relation to the children{\textquoteright}s attitudes towards particular national flags and awareness of specific sports associated with their respective communities. Informed by the work of Bourdieu, the article concludes by arguing for the need for greater use of quantitative methods in conjunction with in-depth qualitative and ethnographic research to help further our understanding of the influence of ethnicity in young children{\textquoteright}s lives.}, doi = {10.1177/1476718x10387898}, url = {http://ecr.sagepub.com/content/9/2/175.abstract}, author = {Connolly, P.} } @book {512, title = {From conflict to peace building: The power of early childhood initiatives: Lessons from around the world}, year = {2007}, publisher = {World Forum Foundation}, organization = {World Forum Foundation}, isbn = {9780942702446}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=AfxEAAAAYAAJ}, author = {Connolly, P. and Hayden, J. and Levin, D.E. and Shulman, L.R. and World Forum Foundation and NIPPA - the Early Years Organisation} } @book {2596, title = {Too Young to Notice?: The Cultural and Political Awareness of 3-6 Year Olds in Northern Ireland}, year = {2002}, note = {(Great Britain)}, publisher = {Northern Ireland Community Relations Council}, organization = {Northern Ireland Community Relations Council}, isbn = {9781898276302}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=Pa4QAAAACAAJ}, author = {Connolly, P. and Smith, A. and Kelly, B. and Community Relations Council and Community Relations Council Staff and Channel Four} } @article {5874, title = {Addressing diversity and inclusion in the early years in conflict-affected societies: A case study of the Media Initiative for Children - Northern Ireland.}, journal = {Int J Early Years Education}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {263-278}, abstract = {This article reports on the development and systematic evaluation of an innovative early years programme aimed at encouraging young children to respect differences within a deeply divided society that is emerging out of a prolonged period of violent conflict. The programme, the Media Initiative for Children{\textemdash}Northern Ireland, has been the product of a partnership between a US-based organization (the Peace Initiatives Institute) and NIPPA{\textemdash}The Early Years Organisation, and has been supported by academic research and the efforts of a range of voluntary and statutory organizations. It has attempted to encourage young children to value diversity and be more inclusive of those who are different from themselves through the use of short cartoons designed for and broadcast on television as well as specially prepared curricular materials for use in pre-school settings. To date the programme has been delivered through 200 settings to approximately 3500 pre-school children across Northern Ireland. This article describes how the programme was developed and implemented as well as the rigorous approach taken to evaluating its effects on young children{\textquoteright}s attitudes and awareness. Key lessons from this are identified and discussed in relation to future work in this area.}, doi = {10.1080/09669760600880027}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669760600880027}, author = {Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S and Gallagher, T and Harris, P.} } @article {2741, title = {Cooperation beyond the dyad: on simple models and a complex society}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {365}, number = {1553}, year = {2010}, month = {2010-09-12 }, pages = {2687-2697}, abstract = {Players in Axelrod and Hamilton{\textquoteright}s model of cooperation were not only in a Prisoner{\textquoteright}s Dilemma, but by definition, they were also trapped in a dyad. But animals are rarely so restricted and even the option to interact with third parties allows individuals to escape from the Prisoner{\textquoteright}s Dilemma into a much more interesting and varied world of cooperation, from the apparently rare {\textquoteleft}parcelling{\textquoteright} to the widespread phenomenon of market effects. Our understanding of by-product mutualism, pseudo-reciprocity and the snowdrift game is also enriched by thinking {\textquoteleft}beyond the dyad{\textquoteright}. The concepts of by-product mutualism and pseudo-reciprocity force us to think again about our basic definitions of cooperative behaviour (behaviour by a single individual) and cooperation (the outcome of an interaction between two or more individuals). Reciprocity is surprisingly rare outside of humans, even among large-brained {\textquoteleft}intelligent{\textquoteright} birds and mammals. Are humans unique in having extensive cooperative interactions among non-kin and an integrated cognitive system for mediating reciprocity? Perhaps, but our best chance for finding a similar phenomenon may be in delphinids, which also live in large societies with extensive cooperative interactions among non-relatives. A system of nested male alliances in bottlenose dolphins illustrates the potential and difficulties of finding a complex system of cooperation close to our own.}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2010.0150}, url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/365/1553/2687.full.pdf}, author = {Connor, Richard C.} } @article {5706, title = {The Effects of Two Influential Early Childhood Interventions on Health and Healthy Behaviour}, journal = {Econ J (London)Econ J (London)}, volume = {126}, number = {596}, year = {2016}, note = {Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R24 AG048081/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
England
2017/03/07 06:00
Econ J (London). 2016 Oct;126(596):F28-F65. doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12420. Epub 2016 Dec 7.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {F28-F65}, abstract = {This paper examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviors of two of the oldest and most widely cited U.S. early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomization with long-term follow-up: the Perry Preschool Project (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). There are pronounced gender effects strongly favoring boys, although there are also effects for girls. Dynamic mediation analyses show a significant role played by improved childhood traits, above and beyond the effects of experimentally enhanced adult socioeconomic status. These results show the potential of early life interventions for promoting health.}, keywords = {Abecedarian Project, early childhood intervention, Health, Perry Preschool Project, randomized trial, social experiment}, isbn = {0013-0133 (Print)
0013-0133 (Linking)}, author = {Conti, G. and Heckman, J. and Pinto, R.} } @article {5708, title = {Understanding conscientiousness across the life course: an economic perspective}, journal = {Dev PsycholDev Psychol}, volume = {50}, number = {5}, year = {2014}, note = {Conti, Gabriella
Heckman, James J
eng
5R01HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD32058-3/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
5R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2014/04/30 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2014 May;50(5):1451-9. doi: 10.1037/a0036426.}, month = {May}, pages = {1451-9}, abstract = {We discuss recent developments in the literature on the role of conscientiousness on healthy aging within an economic framework that helps to systematize and interpret the existing evidence.}, keywords = {*Personality/physiology, *Research Design, Aging/physiology/*psychology, Brain/physiology, Databases, Factual, Executive Function/physiology, Health, Humans, Impulsive Behavior/physiology, Models, Economic, Models, Psychological, Neurosciences/*methods}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Conti, G. and Heckman, J. J.} } @article {7702, title = {In Pursuit of Sustainable Peace: Practical Recommendations for Integrating Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), Policy Brief,}, year = {2025}, publisher = {Global Health Studies Program, Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University. }, address = {New Haven, CT, USA}, keywords = {humanitarian action, Mental health and psychosocial support, peacebuilding, violence prevention}, url = {https://jackson.yale.edu/academics/global-health-studies/student-research/}, author = {Sarah Cook and Goeun Lee and Angelin Mathew and Huda Siddiqui and John Ho and Shan Lateef and Kathryn Lance and Cara Fallon and Catherine Panter-Brick} } @article {3286, title = {Community engagement to strengthen social cohesion and child protection in Chad and Burundi: {\textquotedblleft}Bottom Up{\textquotedblright} participatory monitoring, planning and action}, year = {2016}, institution = {International Insituted for Child Rights and Development (IICRD)}, url = {http://www.socialserviceworkforce.org/system/files/resource/files/Community\%20Engagement.pdf}, author = {P. Cook and N.B. Cohen and A. Oguniyi and J. Sewanou and UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education and Advocacy Programme (PBEA), Learning for Peace} } @article {662, title = {Promoting Mother{\textendash}Infant Book Sharing and Infant Attention and Language Development in an Impoverished South African Population: A Pilot Study}, journal = {Early Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/03/01}, pages = {143-152}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, keywords = {Book sharing, Early literacy, Infant attention, Language Development, Maternal sensitivity}, isbn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-013-0591-8}, author = {Cooper, P. J. and Vally, Z. and Cooper, H. and Radford, T. and Sharples, A. and Tomlinson, M. and Murray, L.} } @article {513, title = {Improving quality of mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa: randomised controlled trial}, volume = {338}, year = {2009}, month = {2009-04-14 }, type = {Journal Article}, abstract = {

Objective To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve the mother-infant relationship and security of infant attachment in a South African peri-urban settlement with marked adverse socioeconomic circumstances.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in South Africa.Participants 449 pregnant women.Interventions The intervention was delivered from late pregnancy and for six months postpartum. Women were visited in their homes by previously untrained lay community workers who provided support and guidance in parenting. The purpose of the intervention was to promote sensitive and responsive parenting and secure infant attachment to the mother. Women in the control group received no therapeutic input from the research team.Main outcome measures Primary outcomes: quality of mother-infant interactions at six and 12 months postpartum; infant attachment security at 18 months. Secondary outcome: maternal depression at six and 12 months.Results The intervention was associated with significant benefit to the mother-infant relationship. At both six and 12 months, compared with control mothers, mothers in the intervention group were significantly more sensitive (6 months: mean difference=0.77 (SD 0.37), t=2.10, P\<0.05, d=0.24; 12 months: mean difference=0.42 (0.18), t=\−2.04 , P\<0.05, d=0.26) and less intrusive (6 months: mean difference=0.68 (0.36), t=2.28, P\<0.05, d=0.26; 12 months: mean difference=\−1.76 (0.86), t=2.28 , P\<0.05, d=0.24) in their interactions with their infants. The intervention was also associated with a higher rate of secure infant attachments at 18 months (116/156 (74\%) v 102/162 (63\%); Wald=4.74, odds ratio=1.70, P\<0.05). Although the prevalence of maternal depressive disorder was not significantly reduced, the intervention had a benefit in terms of maternal depressed mood at six months (z=2.05, P=0.04) on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale).Conclusions The intervention, delivered by local lay women, had a significant positive impact on the quality of the mother-infant relationship and on security of infant attachment, factors known to predict favourable child development. If these effects persist, and if they are replicated, this intervention holds considerable promise for use in the developing world.Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25664149.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b974 }, url = {http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b974?trendmd-shared=0}, author = {Cooper, P. J. and Tomlinson, M. and Swartz, L. and Landman, M. and Molteno, C. and Stein, A. and McPherson, K. and Murray, L.} } @article {7359, title = {Impact of a Social-emotional Skills-Building Program (Pisot{\'o}n) on Early Development of Children in Colombia: A Pilot Effectiveness Study}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {101898}, keywords = {Colombia, early childhood development, social and emotional skill development}, issn = {08830355}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101898}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0883035521001671}, author = {Cosso, Jimena and de Vivo, Ana Rita Russo and Hein, Sascha and Silvera, Liceth Paola Reales and Ramirez-Varela, Lucero and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @article {5844, title = {Maternal perceptions of paternal investment are associated with relationship satisfaction and breastfeeding duration in humans.}, journal = {Journal of Family Psychology}, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, pages = {1025 - 1035}, issn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/fam0000468}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/fam0000468http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/fam/32/8/1025.pdf}, author = {Tombeau Cost, Katherine and Jonas, Wibke and Unternaehrer, Eva and Dudin, Aya and Szatmari, Peter and Gaudreau, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne and Kennedy, James and Atkinson, Leslie and Steiner, Meir and Meaney, Michael and Fleming, Alison} } @article {5998, title = {Forced Migration Review: Education needs, rights and access in displacement}, year = {2019}, keywords = {child labour, early childhood educatgion, education in emergencies, education policy, forced migration, immigration policy, refugee children, Refugees}, url = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement}, author = {Couldrey, M. and Peebles, J.} } @article {379, title = {An approach to preventing coparenting conflict and divorce in low-income families: strengthening couple relationships and fostering fathers{\textquoteright} involvement.}, journal = {Fam Process}, volume = {46}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {109-21}, abstract = {

In the context of current concern about levels of marital distress, family violence, and divorce, the SFI study is evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention to facilitate the positive involvement of low-income Mexican American and European American fathers with their children, in part by strengthening the men\&$\#$39;s relationships with their children\&$\#$39;s mothers. The study design involves a randomized clinical trial that includes assignment to a 16-week couples group, a 16-week fathers group, or a single-session control group. Couples in both group interventions and the control condition include partners who are married, cohabiting, and living separately but raising a young child together. This article presents the rationale, design, and intervention approach to father involvement for families whose relationships are at risk because of the hardships of their lives, many of whom are manifesting some degree of individual or relationship distress. We present preliminary impressions and qualitative findings based on our experience with 257 families who completed the pretest, and the first 160 who completed one postintervention assessment 9 months after entering the study. Discussion centers on what we have learned and questions that remain to be answered in mounting a multisite preventive intervention to strengthen relationships in low-income families.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Conflict (Psychology), Divorce, Family Therapy, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parenting, Parents, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {0014-7370}, author = {Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A. and Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K.} } @book {515, title = {The Family Context of Parenting in Children{\textquoteright}s Adaptation to Elementary School}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9781135637088}, url = {http://www.tandfebooks.com/isbn/9781410612885}, author = {Cowan, P. A. and Cowan, C. P. and Ablow, J. C. and Johnson, V. K. and Measelle, J. R.} } @article {663, title = {Promoting Fathers{\textquoteright} Engagement With Children: Preventive Interventions for Low-Income Families}, journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family}, volume = {71}, number = {3}, year = {2009}, pages = {663-679}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, keywords = {experimental methods, Father-Child Relations, Hispanic American, marriage and close relationships, Parenting, prevention}, isbn = {1741-3737}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00625.x}, author = {Cowan, P. A. and Cowan, C. P. and Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Wong, J. J.} } @article {664, title = {Primarily Peaceful: Nurturing Peace in the Primary Grades}, journal = {Early Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education JournalEarly Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {32}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, month = {2005/04/01}, pages = {321-328}, publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers-Human Sciences Press}, keywords = {character education, children{\textquoteright}s literature, conflict resolution, peace studies, primary grades}, isbn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-004-1083-7}, author = {Crawford, PatriciaA} } @book {516, title = {Peer Mediation: Citizenship And Social Inclusion Revisited: Citizenship and Social Inclusion in Action}, year = {2007}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill Education}, organization = {McGraw-Hill Education}, isbn = {9780335221110}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=NRXG4ccAKXIC}, author = {Cremin, H.} } @article {2746, title = {A longitudinal study of relational aggression, physical aggression, and children{\textquoteright}s social-psychological adjustment}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, note = {Crick, Nicki R
Ostrov, Jamie M
Werner, Nicole E
eng
Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/06/03 09:00
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006 Apr;34(2):131-42. Epub 2006 Apr 26.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {131-42}, abstract = {Although great strides have recently been made in our understanding of relational aggression and its consequences, one significant limitation has been the lack of prospective studies. The present research addressed this issue by identifying and assessing groups of relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, relationally plus physically aggressive (co-morbid), and nonaggressive children during their third grade year in elementary school and then reassessing them a year later, during fourth-grade (N = 224, 113 girls). Two aspects of social-psychological adjustment were assessed during both assessment periods including internalizing difficulties (i.e., withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and somatic complaints) and externalizing problems (i.e., aggressive behavior, delinquency). It was revealed that the strongest predictor of future social-psychological adjustment problems and increases in these problems from third to fourth was the combination of relational and physical aggression. Relational aggression also contributed unique information, relative to physical aggression, in the prediction of future maladjustment. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention efforts, particularly for aggressive girls, are discussed.}, keywords = {*Aggression, *Interpersonal Relations, *Social Adjustment, Anxiety/psychology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology/*psychology, Comorbidity, Depression/psychology, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency/psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Multivariate Analysis, Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology, Violence/psychology}, isbn = {0091-0627 (Print)
0091-0627 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1007/s10802-005-9009-4}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741683}, author = {Crick, N. R. and Ostrov, J. M. and Werner, N. E.} } @article {2751, title = {Postinfancy growth, schooling, and cognitive achievement: Young Lives}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {98}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Crookston, Benjamin T
Schott, Whitney
Cueto, Santiago
Dearden, Kirk A
Engle, Patrice
Georgiadis, Andreas
Lundeen, Elizabeth A
Penny, Mary E
Stein, Aryeh D
Behrman, Jere R
eng
R01 HD070993/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
T32 DK007734/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Observational Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/09/27 06:00
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Dec;98(6):1555-63. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.067561. Epub 2013 Sep 25.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1555-63}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early life growth failure and resulting cognitive deficits are often assumed to be very difficult to reverse after infancy. OBJECTIVE: We used data from Young Lives, which is an observational cohort of 8062 children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, to determine whether changes in growth after infancy are associated with schooling and cognitive achievement at age 8 y. DESIGN: We represented the growth by height-for-age z score at 1 y [HAZ(1)] and height-for-age z score at 8 y that was not predicted by the HAZ(1). We also characterized growth as recovered (stunted at age 1 y and not at age 8 y), faltered (not stunted at age 1 y and stunted at age 8 y), persistently stunted (stunted at ages 1 and 8 y), or never stunted (not stunted at ages 1 and 8 y). Outcome measures were assessed at age 8 y. RESULTS: The HAZ(1) was inversely associated with overage for grade and positively associated with mathematics achievement, reading comprehension, and receptive vocabulary. Unpredicted growth from 1 to 8 y of age was also inversely associated with overage for grade (OR range across countries: 0.80-0.84) and positively associated with mathematics achievement (effect-size range: 0.05-0.10), reading comprehension (0.02-0.10), and receptive vocabulary (0.04-0.08). Children who recovered in linear growth had better outcomes than did children who were persistently stunted but were not generally different from children who experienced growth faltering. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in child growth after early faltering might have significant benefits on schooling and cognitive achievement. Hence, although early interventions remain critical, interventions to improve the nutrition of preprimary and early primary school-age children also merit consideration.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Cognition, *Learning, *Musculoskeletal Development, Cohort Studies, Developing Countries, Educational Status, Ethiopia, Family Characteristics, Female, Growth Disorders/etiology/*prevention \& control, Humans, India, Infant, Male, Malnutrition/*diet therapy/physiopathology, Peru, Reading, Vietnam, Vocabulary}, isbn = {1938-3207 (Electronic)
0002-9165 (Linking)}, doi = {10.3945/ajcn.113.067561}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067665}, author = {Crookston, B. T. and Schott, W. and Cueto, S. and Dearden, K. A. and Engle, P. and Georgiadis, A. and Lundeen, E. A. and Penny, M. E. and Stein, A. D. and Behrman, J. R.} } @article {863, title = {Evaluation of a Wraparound Process for Children Exposed to Family Violence}, journal = {Best Practice in Mental Health}, volume = {4}, year = {2008}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Numerous programs have been established to help children who have experienced or are experiencing family violence, but few of these programs have been systematically evaluated. To contribute to the field\&$\#$39;s understanding of interventions for young children exposed to family violence and their families, we evaluated an intervention that offers comprehensive assessment, targeted caregiver-child intervention, individualized service planning, and care coordination. Baseline-to-discharge results revealed (1) a significant decrease over time in the number of potentially traumatic events that children experienced, including family and nonfamily violence events, (2) significant decreases over time in children\&$\#$39;s post-traumatic stress-intrusive thoughts and post-traumatic stress-avoidance behaviors, (3) significant decreases in self-reported stress associated with the parenting role among caregivers, (4) favorable ratings of services by caregivers, and (5) high levels of service receipt.

}, keywords = {caregiver-child intervention, childhood trauma, family violence}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/31545475/evaluation-wraparound-process-children-exposed-family-violence}, author = {Crusto, C.A. and Lowell, D. I. and Paulicin, B. and Reynolds, J. and Feinn, R. and Friedman, S.R. and Kaufman, J.S.} } @article {6461, title = {Children{\textquoteright}s voices in times of COVID-19. Continued child activism in the face of personal challenges}, year = {2020}, institution = {World Vision}, keywords = {Child Advocacy, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.wvi.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/WV-Children\%E2\%80\%99s\%20voices\%20in\%20times\%20of\%20COVID-19\%20Final_2.pdf}, author = {Cuevas-Parra, P. and Stephano, M.} } @article {5875, title = {Intergenerational transmission of relationship aggression: a prospective longitudinal study}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {24}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {1939-1293
Cui, Ming
Durtschi, Jared A
Donnellan, M Brent
Lorenz, Frederick O
Conger, Rand D
R01 MH062989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH051361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH051361-06A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD051746/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD047573/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
HD027724/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
DA05347/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
MH59355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
HD064687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH051361/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH62989/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MCJ-109572/PHS HHS/United States
MH19734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD064687-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
MH43270/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
T32 MH019734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD047573/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD064687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
K05 MH000567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH00567/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
MH48165/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD051746-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
J Fam Psychol. 2010 Dec;24(6):688-97. doi: 10.1037/a0021675.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {688-97}, edition = {2010/12/22}, abstract = {The present study examined whether physical and verbal aggression in the family of origin were associated with similar patterns of aggression in young adult couples. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 213 focal individuals who were followed from adolescence to adulthood. Results suggested that aggression in the family when focal participants were adolescents predicted aggression with romantic partners when participants were adults. The association between interparental aggression and later aggression in adult romantic unions was partially mediated through parents{\textquoteright} aggression to focal participants when they were adolescents. Both physical and verbal aggression revealed the same pattern of findings. All together, these findings are consistent with a developmental-interactional perspective (Capaldi \& Gorman-Smith, 2003) concerning the developmental origins of aggression in intimate relationships.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression/*psychology, Child, Domestic Violence/psychology, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Iowa, Male, Parents/psychology, Prospective Studies, Spouses/psychology}, isbn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/a0021675}, author = {Cui, M. and Durtschi, J. A. and Donnellan, M. B. and Lorenz, F. O. and Conger, R. D.} } @article {2756, title = {Children and violence: the role of children{\textquoteright}s regulation in the marital aggression-child adjustment link}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Cummings, E Mark
El-Sheikh, Mona
Kouros, Chrystyna D
Buckhalt, Joseph A
eng
R01 HD046795/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD046795-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Review
2009/02/28 09:00
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2009 Mar;12(1):3-15. doi: 10.1007/s10567-009-0042-7.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {3-15}, abstract = {Exposure to marital psychological and physical abuse has been established as a risk factor for children{\textquoteright}s socio-emotional, behavioral, and cognitive problems. Understanding the processes by which children develop symptoms of psychopathology and deficits in cognitive functioning in the context of marital aggression is imperative for developing efficient and effective treatment programs for children and families, and has far-reaching mental health implications. The present paper outlines our research program, Child Regulation and Exposure to Marital Aggression, which focuses on children{\textquoteright}s emotional and physiological reactivity and regulation as pathways in the marital aggression-child development link. Findings from our research program, which highlight the importance of children{\textquoteright}s regulatory processes for understanding children{\textquoteright}s adjustment in contexts of intimate partner violence, are presented, and future directions in this line of inquiry are outlined.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child of Impaired Parents/*psychology, Expressed Emotion, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Psychophysiologic Disorders/etiology/physiopathology, Risk, Spouse Abuse/*psychology, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/*psychology, United States}, isbn = {1573-2827 (Electronic)
1096-4037 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-009-0042-7}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19247833}, author = {Cummings, E. M. and El-Sheikh, M. and Kouros, C. D. and Buckhalt, J. A.} } @inbook {2686, title = {Dominance, Status and Social Hierarchies}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology}, year = {2005}, pages = {676-697}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, chapter = {676-697}, isbn = {9780471727224}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=esDW3xTKoLIC}, author = {D. Cummings}, editor = {Buss, D.M.} } @article {2761, title = {Political Violence and Child Adjustment: Longitudinal Tests of Sectarian Antisocial Behavior, Family Conflict and Insecurity as Explanatory Pathways}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {83}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {22313052[pmid]
Child Dev}, month = {02/07}, pages = {461-468}, abstract = {Understanding the impact of political violence on child maladjustment is a matter of international concern. Recent research has advanced a social ecological explanation for relations between political violence and child adjustment. However, conclusions are qualified by the lack of longitudinal tests. Towards examining pathways longitudinally, mothers and their adolescents (M = 12.33, SD =1.78, at time 1) from two-parent families in Catholic and Protestant working class neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed measures assessing multiple levels of a social ecological model. Utilizing autoregressive controls, a three-wave longitudinal model test (T1, n = 299; T2, n = 248; T3, n = 197) supported a specific pathway linking sectarian community violence, family conflict, children{\textquoteright}s insecurity about family relationships, and adjustment problems.}, isbn = {0009-3920
1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01720.x}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3307389/}, author = {Cummings, E. M. and Merrilees, C. E. and Schermerhorn, A. C. and Goeke-Morey, M. C. and Shirlow, P. and Cairns, E.} } @article {5715, title = {The Economics and Psychology of Inequality and Human Development}, journal = {J Eur Econ AssocJ Eur Econ Assoc}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Cunha, Flavio
Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2009/01/01 00:00
J Eur Econ Assoc. 2009;7(2):320-364.}, pages = {320-364}, abstract = {Recent research on the economics of human development deepens understanding of the origins of inequality and excellence. It draws on and contributes to personality psychology and the psychology of human development. Inequalities in family environments and investments in children are substantial. They causally affect the development of capabilities. Both cognitive and noncognitive capabilities determine success in life but to varying degrees for different outcomes. An empirically determined technology of capability formation reveals that capabilities are self-productive and cross-fertilizing and can be enhanced by investment. Investments in capabilities are relatively more productive at some stages of a child{\textquoteright}s life cycle than others. Optimal child investment strategies differ depending on target outcomes of interest and on the nature of adversity in a child{\textquoteright}s early years. For some configurations of early disadvantage and for some desired outcomes, it is efficient to invest relatively more in the later years of childhood than in the early years.}, isbn = {1542-4766 (Print)
1542-4766 (Linking)}, author = {Cunha, F. and Heckman, J. J.} } @article {340, title = {Global health post-2015: the case for universal health equity.}, journal = {Glob Health Action}, volume = {6}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {19661}, abstract = {

Set in 2000, with a completion date of 2015, the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals is approaching, at which time a new global development infrastructure will become operational. Unsurprisingly, the discussions on goals, topics, priorities and monitoring and evaluation are gaining momentum. But this is a critical juncture. Over a decade of development programming offers a unique opportunity to reflect on its structure, function and purpose in a contemporary global context. This article examines the topic from an analytical health perspective and identifies universal health equity as an operational and analytical priority to encourage attention to the root causes of unnecessary and unfair illness and disease from the perspectives of those for whom the issues have most direct relevance.

}, keywords = {Environment, Global Health, Health Status Disparities, Humans, International Cooperation, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1654-9880}, doi = {10.3402/gha.v6i0.19661}, author = {D{\textquoteright}Ambruoso, Lucia} } @article {171, title = {Aggression in young children with concurrent callous-unemotional traits: can the neurosciences inform progress and innovation in treatment approaches?}, journal = {Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci}, volume = {363}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Aug 12}, pages = {2567-76}, abstract = {

Parenting is the \&$\#$39;clean water\&$\#$39; of healthy psychological development and parenting interventions remain the number one treatment at the individual and community levels for early-onset aggression and antisocial behaviour in children. However, recent progress in child psychopathology research is specifying a number of biological mechanisms that interact with environmental risk to influence pathways into aggression and antisocial behaviour. After a brief review of the parent training literature, we focus on child factors, especially callous-unemotional traits, that parse \&$\#$39;aggressive\&$\#$39; children into more homogeneous groupings, and then review selected ideas about the origins of aggression coming from the neurosciences (such as neurobehavioural responsivity to emotional stimuli; hypothalamic-pituitary axis abnormalities influencing low cortisol and low serotonin production). We review human and, where relevant, animal models of neurobiological system changes with particular attention to developmental timing and interactions with environmental factors, especially parenting. Based on this innovative research, we then discuss a number of ideas that hold potential for interventions. We conclude that the future will see the development of interventions that aim for synergy between specific biological processes and psychological experiences as they unfold developmentally. The use of D-cycloserine in fear extinction and oxytocin in affiliative bonds is used as an example of these futuristic approaches.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Animals, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Emotions, Humans, Neurosciences}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2008.0029}, author = {Dadds, M. R. and Rhodes, T.} } @article {2766, title = {Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, year = {2014}, note = {Dadds, Mark R
Moul, Caroline
Cauchi, Avril
Dobson-Stone, Carol
Hawes, David J
Brennan, John
Ebstein, Richard E
eng
2013/09/26 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2014 Feb;26(1):33-40. doi: 10.1017/S0954579413000497. Epub 2013 Sep 23.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {33-40}, abstract = {Child conduct problems (CPs) are a robust predictor of adult mental health; the concurrence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits confers specific risk for psychopathy. Psychopathy may be related to disturbances in the oxytocin (OXT) system. Evidence suggests that epigenetic changes in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with lower circulating OXT and social-cognitive difficulties. We tested methylation levels of OXTR in 4- to 16-year-old males who met DSM criteria for a diagnosis of oppositional-defiant or conduct disorder and were stratified by CU traits and age. Measures were DNA methylation levels of six CpG sites in the promoter region of the OXTR gene (where a CpG site is a cytosine nucleotide occurs next to a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its lenth, linked together by phosphate binding), and OXT blood levels. High CU traits were associated with greater methylation of the OXTR gene for two cytosine nucleotide and guanine nucleotide phosphate linked sites and lower circulating OXT in older males. Higher methylation correlated with lower OXT levels. We conclude that greater methylation of OXTR characterizes adolescent males with high levels of CU and CPs, and this methylation is associated with lower circulating OXT and functional impairment in interpersonal empathy. The results add genetic evidence that high CU traits specify a distinct subgroup within CP children, and they suggest models of psychopathy may be informed by further identification of these epigenetic processes and their functional significance.}, keywords = {*DNA Methylation, Adolescent, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder/blood/*genetics/psychology, Child, Conduct Disorder/blood/*genetics/psychology, Empathy, Epigenesis, Genetic, Family, Humans, Male, Oxytocin/*blood, Receptors, Oxytocin/*genetics, Social Environment}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579413000497}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24059811}, author = {Dadds, M. R. and Moul, C. and Cauchi, A. and Dobson-Stone, C. and Hawes, D. J. and Brennan, J. and Ebstein, R. E.} } @article {4321, title = {Effective interventions and strategies for improving early child development}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {351}, year = {2015}, note = {Daelmans, Bernadette
Black, Maureen M
Lombardi, Joan
Lucas, Jane
Richter, Linda
Silver, Karlee
Britto, Pia
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
MacMillan, Harriet
Dua, Tarun
Bouhouch, Raschida R
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Darmstadt, Gary L
Rao, Nirmala
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
England
2015/09/16 06:00
BMJ. 2015 Sep 14;351:h4029.}, month = {Sep 14}, pages = {h4029}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Mental Health, *Social Support, Adolescent, Child, Child Health Services/*organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Evidence-Based Medicine, Global Health, Health Services Research, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services/*organization \& administration/standards/trends, Mothers, Nutrition Policy, Poverty/prevention \& control/trends, Preconception Care/*organization \& administration, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality of Health Care, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization}, isbn = {1756-1833 (Electronic)
0959-8138 (Linking)}, author = {Daelmans, B. and Black, M. M. and Lombardi, J. and Lucas, J. and Richter, L. and Silver, K. and Britto, P. and Yoshikawa, H. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and MacMillan, H. and Dua, T. and Bouhouch, R. R. and Bhutta, Z. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Rao, N. and steering committee of a new scientific series on early child, development} } @article {7306, title = {Supporting Maternal Mental Health and Nurturing Care in Humanitarian Settings}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Nov-06-2022}, pages = {119}, keywords = {early childhood development, humanitarian settings, mental health and psychological support services}, doi = {10.33682/zhd4-5xt710.33682/9s48-6d0x}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/62213}, author = {Daelmans, Bernadette and Nair, Mahalakshmi and Hanna, Fahmy and Lincetto, Ornella and Dua, Tarun and Hunt, Xanthe} } @article {2771, title = {Early childhood development: the foundation of sustainable development}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, pages = {9-11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31659-2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31659-2}, author = {Daelmans, B. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Lombardi, J. and Black, M. M. and Britto, P. R. and Lye, S. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Richter, L. M.} } @article {5877, title = {Youth violence. Developmental pathways and prevention challenges}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {20}, number = {1 Suppl}, year = {2001}, note = {Dahlberg, L L
Potter, L B
Journal Article
Review
Netherlands
Am J Prev Med. 2001 Jan;20(1 Suppl):3-14.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {3-14}, edition = {2001/01/09}, abstract = {Youth violence is an important public health problem. During the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s, the United States witnessed unprecedented levels of violence among the nation{\textquoteright}s youths. Homicide remains one of the leading causes of death for young people aged 10 to 24 years. This paper reviews the major trends in homicide victimization and perpetration among youths during the past decade, the developmental pathways of delinquent and violent behavior and the context in which these behaviors occur, and some of the challenges associated with disrupting these pathways and preventing violence. Previous research reveals that multiple pathways lead toward violence and delinquency. Predicting which pathway a youth will follow, or if one will be followed at all, depends to some extent on a host of other biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors present as young people transition from early childhood to adolescence to early adulthood. Preventing violence requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account developmental needs, tasks, and supports.}, keywords = {*Psychology, Adolescent, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Infant, Juvenile Delinquency/psychology, Male, United States, Violence/prevention \& control/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797}, doi = {10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00268-3}, author = {Dahlberg, L. L. and Potter, L. B.} } @article {2776, title = {Oxytocin and vasopressin are dysregulated in Williams Syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting social behavior}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Dai, Li
Carter, C Sue
Ying, Jian
Bellugi, Ursula
Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Hossein
Korenberg, Julie R
eng
MH072935/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P01 HD033113/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
P01 HD33113/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2012/06/22 06:00
PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38513. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038513. Epub 2012 Jun 12.}, pages = {e38513}, abstract = {The molecular and neural mechanisms regulating human social-emotional behaviors are fundamentally important but largely unknown; unraveling these requires a genetic systems neuroscience analysis of human models. Williams Syndrome (WS), a condition caused by deletion of ~28 genes, is associated with a gregarious personality, strong drive to approach strangers, difficult peer interactions, and attraction to music. WS provides a unique opportunity to identify endogenous human gene-behavior mechanisms. Social neuropeptides including oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulate reproductive and social behaviors in mammals, and we reasoned that these might mediate the features of WS. Here we established blood levels of OT and AVP in WS and controls at baseline, and at multiple timepoints following a positive emotional intervention (music), and a negative physical stressor (cold). We also related these levels to standardized indices of social behavior. Results revealed significantly higher median levels of OT in WS versus controls at baseline, with a less marked increase in AVP. Further, in WS, OT and AVP increased in response to music and to cold, with greater variability and an amplified peak release compared to controls. In WS, baseline OT but not AVP, was correlated positively with approach, but negatively with adaptive social behaviors. These results indicate that WS deleted genes perturb hypothalamic-pituitary release not only of OT but also of AVP, implicating more complex neuropeptide circuitry for WS features and providing evidence for their roles in endogenous regulation of human social behavior. The data suggest a possible biological basis for amygdalar involvement, for increased anxiety, and for the paradox of increased approach but poor social relationships in WS. They also offer insight for translating genetic and neuroendocrine knowledge into treatments for disorders of social behavior.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin/*physiology, Vasopressins/*physiology, Williams Syndrome/*physiopathology}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0038513}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22719898}, author = {Dai, L. and Carter, C. S. and Ying, J. and Bellugi, U. and Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H. and Korenberg, J. R.} } @article {5878, title = {Maternal history of autoimmune disease and later development of tourette syndrome in offspring}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {1527-5418
Dalsgaard, Soren
Waltoft, Berit L
Leckman, James F
Mortensen, Preben Bo
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;54(6):495-501.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Mar 17.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {495-501.e1}, edition = {2015/05/26}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In a nationwide prospective cohort study, we examined the possible association between maternal autoimmune disease (AD) and later diagnosis of Tourette syndrome (TS) in offspring. METHOD: Data from national Danish health registers identified a cohort consisting of all children born in Denmark between 1990 and 2007 (n = 1,116,255), followed prospectively from birth until 2011, date of TS diagnosis, death, or emigration/disappearance, whichever came first. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of TS, dependent on whether or not the mother had a prior diagnosis of AD, was estimated by Poisson regression with 95\% CIs and adjusted for age, calendar time, place of birth, maternal and paternal age, parental psychiatric diagnoses other than TS, and parental TS. RESULTS: The cohort contributed a total of 13,000,162 person years and 2,442 participants with a diagnosis of TS (414 females and 2,028 males). Prior maternal AD was found in 110 of the 2,442 children with TS, corresponding to an increased risk of TS, with an adjusted IRR of 1.22 (95\% CI = 1.01-1.48). Maternal history of a prior AD increased the risk of TS in males, with an adjusted IRR of 1.29 (95\% CI = 1.05-1.58), but not in females, with an adjusted IRR of 0.89 (95\% CI = 0.52-1.52). CONCLUSION: Maternal AD was associated with a 29\% increased incidence rate of TS in male offspring. This finding supports the hypothesis that neuroimmunological disorders may act as a component in the etiology of a subset of TS.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, autoimmune disease, Autoimmune Diseases/*epidemiology, Child, cohort study, Denmark, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mothers, neuroimmunology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Registries, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, tics, Tourette syndrome, Tourette Syndrome/diagnosis/*etiology, Young Adult}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2015.03.008}, author = {Dalsgaard, S. and Waltoft, B. L. and Leckman, J. F. and Mortensen, P. B.} } @article {7682, title = {Scoping Review: Digital Mental Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents Affected by War}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry}, year = {2024}, month = {Jan-05-2024}, abstract = {

Objective: More than 200 million children and adolescents live in countries affected by violent conflict, are likely to have complex mental health needs, and struggle to access traditional mental health services. Digital mental health interventions have the potential to overcome some of the barriers in accessing mental health support. We performed a scoping review to map existing digital mental health interventions relevant for children and adolescents affected by war, to examine the strength of the evidence base, and to inform the development of future interventions. More.

}, keywords = {adolescents; children; digital intervention; mental health; war}, issn = {08908567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2024.02.017}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856724002430}, author = {Danese, Andrea and Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro and Remberk, Barbara and Khalil, Monika Youssef and Diggins, Emma and Keiller, Eleanor and Masood, Saba and Awah, Isang and Barbui, Corrado and Beer, Ren{\'e}e and Calam, Rachel and Gagliato, Marcio and Jensen, Tine K. and Kostova, Zlatina and Leckman, James F. and Lewis, Stephanie J. and Lorberg, Boris and Myshakivska, Olha and Pfeiffer, Elisa and Rosner, Rita and Schleider, Jessica L. and Shenderovich, Yulia and Skokauskas, Norbert and Tolan, Patrick H. and Caffo, Ernesto and Sijbrandij, Marit and Ougrin, Dennis and Leventhal, Bennett L. and Weisz, John R.} } @article {7326, title = {Relocation from Greece: Lessons learned and looking ahead}, year = {2021}, keywords = {Greece, Protection and Human Rights, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/greece/relocation-greece-lessons-learned-and-looking-ahead}, author = {DanishRefugeeCouncil} } @article {864, title = {Welcome Home and Early Start: An Assessment of Program Quality and Outcomes}, year = {2005}, institution = {Chapin Hall Center for Children, University of Chicago}, address = {Chicago}, keywords = {early childhood initiatives}, url = {https://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/old_reports/277.pdf}, author = {Daro, D. and Howard, E. and Tobin, J. and Harden, A.} } @book {2601, title = {The Descent of Man}, year = {1871}, publisher = {D. Appleton and Company}, organization = {D. Appleton and Company}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvsHAAAAIAAJ}, author = {Darwin, C.} } @article {6466, title = {Sexual assault hotline sees spike in messages from minors amid coronovirus outbreak}, year = {2020}, month = {April/2020}, publisher = {Newsweek}, keywords = {Child Abuse, COVID-19, sexual abuse}, url = {https://www.newsweek.com/sexual-assault-hotline-sees-spike-messages-minors-amid-coronavirus-outbreak-1498520}, author = {DaSilva, C.} } @article {3221, title = {The Role of Education in Peacebulding Country Report: Uganda}, year = {2015}, month = {November 2015}, institution = {UNICEF Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam Centre for International Education, University of Sussex UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, url = {http://www.peace-ed-campaign.org/role-education-peacebuilding-uganda-myanmar/}, author = {Simone Datzberger and Alan McCully and Alan Smith} } @inbook {2606, title = {Empathy-Related Emotional Responses, Altruism, and Their Socialization.}, year = {2002}, doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130430.001.0001}, author = {Richard J. Davidson and Anne Harrington} } @book {2611, title = {Childhood \& Adversity: Psychological Perspectives from South African Research}, year = {1994}, publisher = {D. Philip}, organization = {D. Philip}, isbn = {9780864862648}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=g6p9AAAAMAAJ}, author = {Dawes, A. and Donald, D.} } @book {517, title = {Monitoring Child Well-being: A South African Rights-based Approach}, year = {2007}, note = {(Society)}, publisher = {HSRC Publishers}, organization = {HSRC Publishers}, isbn = {9780796921772}, url = {http://www.hsrc.ac.za/uploads/pageContent/1651/Monitoringchildwell-beingASouthAfricanrightsbasedapproach.pdf}, author = {Dawes, A. and Bray, R. and Van der Merwe, A. and R{\"a}dda barnen} } @inbook {2691, title = {Levels, Trends, and Determinants of Child Maltreatment in the Western Cape Province}, booktitle = {The State of the Population in the Western Cape Province}, year = {2008}, note = {(South Africa)}, pages = {97 - 125}, publisher = {HSRC Press}, organization = {HSRC Press}, address = {Cape Town}, isbn = {9780796922267}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=i9snAQAAIAAJ}, author = {Dawes, A. and C. Ward}, editor = {Marindo, R. and Gaisie, S.K.} } @inbook {5666, title = {Structural violence and early childhood development}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {233 - 250}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {13}, abstract = {The first part of this chapter examines the influence of structural violence on early child development and the family environment. In contrast to direct violence, this form manifests as unequal exposure to protective and risk factors, inequitable access to the resources and services that could ameliorate risk and support positive development, and as unequal service quality. Similar to direct violence, the structural variant violates the rights of children and undermines the protective capacities of those who care for them. Insults to early development raise the probability of poor outcomes in the long term, including reduced capabilities for productive, prosocial, and peaceable citizenship. The second part offers the example of an essential package of population-level, evidence-based services for young children and caregivers that has been developed in South Africa. These services aim to reduce exposure to risk factors that compromise developmental potential, and to increase protective and promotive influences in those most affected by poverty. It covers basic services designed to promote maternal and child health and nutrition, stimulation for early learning, social protection, child protection, and the well-being of primary caregivers. Provision of these services is seen as a social good (not just an investment in future productivity). They should be available to all, but particularly to those disadvantaged by poverty and other forms of deprivation occasioned by structural violence.}, keywords = {child health, early childhood development, peaceable citizenship, protective influences, rights of children, structural violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0013}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Dawes, Andrew and Merwe, Amelia van der}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {3226, title = {lifalabantwana Sobambisana Initiative Partner Evaluation Report: The Ntataise Trust Play Group, Parent Support and Teacher Enrichment Programmes Rammulotsi/Viljoenskroon, Northern Free State.}, year = {2012}, url = {http://ilifalabantwana.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/ntataise-report-web.pdf}, author = {Dawes, A. and L. Biersteker and L. Hendricks.} } @article {665, title = {The Origins of War: Biological and Anthropological Theories}, journal = {History and Theory}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, year = {1996}, pages = {1-28}, publisher = {Wiley for Wesleyan University}, abstract = {

This article surveys the history since the Enlightenment of the controversy over the origins and functions of warfare, focusing on the question of whether war is caused by nature or nurture. In the earlier literature (before 1950) five positions are distinguished. (1) The Hobbesian thesis: war is part of human nature and serves both the internal function of solidarity and the external function of maintaining the balance of power. (2) The Rousseauean thesis: war is not in human nature but was invented by states for the functions mentioned above. (3) The Malthusian thesis: war serves the grand function of reducing population, quite apart from its conscious proximate functions. (4) The Spencerian thesis: a combination of Hobbes and Malthus - war serves the grand function of human evolution. (5) The cultural anthropologists\&$\#$39; thesis: an extreme version of Rousseau - war is a dysfunctional historical accident. Most of the article is devoted to recent controversy, distinguishing three major theories: (1) sociobiology, an updated version of the Spencerian thesis; (2) cultural ecology, an updated version of the cultural-anthropological thesis, combining Rousseau and Malthus; (3) cultural Darwinism, which holds that the process of cultural evolution mimics natural selection. The last theory is favored here. It implies that warfare has no grand functions, either sociobiological or ecological. War is neither nature nor nurture, but nurture imitating nature. Hobbes was right in thinking war has always been around; Rousseau was right to think primitive warfare was not the same thing as the wars of states.

}, isbn = {00182656}, doi = {10.2307/2505515}, author = {Dawson, Doyne} } @article {639, title = {Relationships between Macro and Micro Socio-Cultural Contexts: Implications for the Study of Interactions in the Mathematics Classroom}, journal = {Educational Studies in Mathematics}, volume = {41}, number = {1}, year = {2000}, pages = {1-29}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

In this paper I attempt to clarify how the relationship between macro and micro social contexts has been addressed in the Vygotskian and Neo-Piagetian approaches to learning. For each approach I look at how key scholars (Cole, 1977; Perret-Clermont, Perret and Bell, 1991) come to view context as central to their theories of cognitive development. In order to illustrate my review of the dominant strands of empirical research I refer to studies that focus on the uses, learning and understanding of mathematics. I start the paper with the socio-cultural Vygotskian approach. This is closely associated with my own research into the relationship between culture and learning. Not surprisingly, I find biases in this body of research in terms of the macro and micro features of contexts which were analysed. In an attempt to gain insights into alternative ways of conceptualising these relationships I explore work which has adopted a socio-psychological approach. In the final part of the paper I discuss how these insights can be used to broaden our basis for studying interactions in the mathematics classroom and conclude by relating my ideas to new developments in socio-cultural theory.

}, isbn = {00131954}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3483058}, author = {Abreu, Guida De} } @article {2781, title = {Psychiatric co-morbidity in caregivers and children involved in maltreatment: a pilot research study with policy implications}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {25}, number = {7}, year = {2001}, note = {De Bellis, M D
Broussard, E R
Herring, D J
Wexler, S
Moritz, G
Benitez, J G
eng
5 K08 MHO1324-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
England
2001/08/29 10:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2001 Jul;25(7):923-44.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {923-44}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the lifetime incidence of mental disorders in caregivers involved in maltreatment and in their maltreated child. METHODS: Lifetime DSM-III-R and IV psychiatric diagnoses were obtained for 53 maltreating families, including at least one primary caregiver and one proband maltreated child or adolescent subject (28 males, 25 females), and for a comparison group of 46 sociodemographically, similar nonmaltreating families, including one proband healthy child and adolescent subject (22 males, 22 females). RESULTS: Mothers of maltreated children exhibited a significantly greater lifetime incidence of anxiety disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder), mood disorders, alcohol and/or substance abuse or dependence disorder, suicide attempts, and comorbidity of two or more psychiatric disorders, compared to control mothers. Natural fathers or mothers{\textquoteright} live-in mates involved in maltreatment exhibited a significantly greater lifetime incidence of an alcohol and/or substance abuse or dependence disorder compared to controls. The majority of maltreated children and adolescents reported anxiety disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (from witnessing domestic violence and/or sexual abuse), mood disorders, suicidal ideation and attempts, and disruptive disorders. Most maltreated children (72\%) suffered from comorbidity involving both emotional and behavioral regulation disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Families involved in maltreatment manifest significant histories of psychiatric comorbidity. Policies which target identification and treatment of comorbidity may contribute to breaking the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Family Health, Fathers/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/classification/complications/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Mothers/psychology, Parents/*psychology, Pennsylvania/epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, isbn = {0145-2134 (Print)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00247-2}, author = {De Bellis, M. D. and Broussard, E. R. and Herring, D. J. and Wexler, S. and Moritz, G. and Benitez, J. G.} } @article {2791, title = {Biologic findings of post-traumatic stress disorder and child maltreatment}, journal = {Curr Psychiatry Rep}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {De Bellis, Michael D
Thomas, Lisa A
eng
5K08MH01324-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
2003/04/11 05:00
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 Jun;5(2):108-17.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {108-17}, abstract = {Child maltreatment is a serious problem in US society, affecting approximately three million children. Children and adolescents exposed to child abuse and neglect experience high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, they are at risk for comorbid mental illness. Biologic stress systems affected in trauma and in PTSD are complex. Findings in cognitive testing, neuroimaging, and affected pathways shed light on the consequences of child maltreatment. What is known about treatment and outcomes for children with history of maltreatment and maltreatment-related PTSD indicates the need for prevention, intervention, and treatment of children exposed to abuse and neglect. The following is a brief review of the most recent neurobiologic findings in child maltreatment and related PTSD.}, keywords = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*metabolism, Aggression/psychology, Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology/etiology, Aspartic Acid/*analogs \& derivatives/metabolism, Child, Child Abuse/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Cognition Disorders/epidemiology/etiology, Depressive Disorder/epidemiology, Humans, Hydrocortisone/*metabolism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*metabolism, Pituitary-Adrenal System/*metabolism, Serotonin/metabolism, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism, Suicide, Attempted/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1523-3812 (Print)
1523-3812 (Linking)}, author = {De Bellis, M. D. and Thomas, L. A.} } @article {2786, title = {Demographic, maltreatment, and neurobiological correlates of PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents}, journal = {J Pediatr Psychol}, volume = {35}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {De Bellis, Michael D
Hooper, Stephen R
Woolley, Donald P
Shenk, Chad E
eng
K24 DA028773/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24 MH071434-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K24MH071434/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 AA012479/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/
R01 MH061744/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 MH063407/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01-75 MH61744/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01-AA12479/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/
R01-MH63407/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 DK063929/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2009/12/17 06:00
J Pediatr Psychol. 2010 Jun;35(5):570-7. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp116. Epub 2009 Dec 11.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {570-7}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships of demographic, maltreatment, neurostructural and neuropsychological measures with total posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS: Participants included 216 children with maltreatment histories (N = 49), maltreatment and PTSD (N = 49), or no maltreatment (N = 118). Participants received diagnostic interviews, brain imaging, and neuropsychological evaluations. RESULTS: We examined a hierarchical regression model comprised of independent variables including demographics, trauma and maltreatment-related variables, and hippocampal volumes and neuropsychological measures to model PTSD symptoms. Important independent contributors to this model were SES, and General Maltreatment and Sexual Abuse Factors. Although hippocampal volumes were not significant, Visual Memory was a significant contributor to this model. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to adult PTSD, pediatric PTSD symptoms are associated with lower Visual Memory performance. It is an important correlate of PTSD beyond established predictors of PTSD symptoms. These results support models of developmental traumatology and suggest that treatments which enhance visual memory may decrease symptoms of PTSD.}, keywords = {*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, *Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/*psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Child Abuse/*psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Child, Preschool, Dominance, Cerebral/physiology, Female, Hippocampus/*pathology, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Memory, Short-Term/physiology, Neuropsychological Tests/*statistics \& numerical data, North Carolina, Organ Size/physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/epidemiology/*physiopathology/*psychology, Psychometrics, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders,}, isbn = {1465-735X (Electronic)
0146-8693 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsp116}, author = {De Bellis, M. D. and Hooper, S. R. and Woolley, D. P. and Shenk, C. E.} } @article {173, title = {Oxytocin promotes human ethnocentrism.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {108}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jan 25}, pages = {1262-6}, abstract = {

Human ethnocentrism--the tendency to view one\&$\#$39;s group as centrally important and superior to other groups--creates intergroup bias that fuels prejudice, xenophobia, and intergroup violence. Grounded in the idea that ethnocentrism also facilitates within-group trust, cooperation, and coordination, we conjecture that ethnocentrism may be modulated by brain oxytocin, a peptide shown to promote cooperation among in-group members. In double-blind, placebo-controlled designs, males self-administered oxytocin or placebo and privately performed computer-guided tasks to gauge different manifestations of ethnocentric in-group favoritism as well as out-group derogation. Experiments 1 and 2 used the Implicit Association Test to assess in-group favoritism and out-group derogation. Experiment 3 used the infrahumanization task to assess the extent to which humans ascribe secondary, uniquely human emotions to their in-group and to an out-group. Experiments 4 and 5 confronted participants with the option to save the life of a larger collective by sacrificing one individual, nominated as in-group or as out-group. Results show that oxytocin creates intergroup bias because oxytocin motivates in-group favoritism and, to a lesser extent, out-group derogation. These findings call into question the view of oxytocin as an indiscriminate \"love drug\" or \"cuddle chemical\" and suggest that oxytocin has a role in the emergence of intergroup conflict and violence.

}, keywords = {Choice Behavior, Codependency (Psychology), Cooperative Behavior, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Social Behavior, Task Performance and Analysis, Young Adult}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1015316108}, author = {De Dreu, Carsten K W and Greer, Lindred L and Van Kleef, Gerben A and Shalvi, Shaul and Handgraaf, Michel J J} } @article {172, title = {The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {328}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jun 11}, pages = {1408-11}, abstract = {

Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a \"tend and defend\" response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Altruism, Conflict (Psychology), Cooperative Behavior, Decision Making, Double-Blind Method, Game Theory, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Oxytocin, Trust, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.1189047}, author = {De Dreu, Carsten K W and Greer, Lindred L and Handgraaf, Michel J J and Shalvi, Shaul and Van Kleef, Gerben A and Baas, Matthijs and Ten Velden, Femke S and Van Dijk, Eric and Feith, Sander W W} } @article {2796, title = {Oxytocin modulates cooperation within and competition between groups: an integrative review and research agenda}, journal = {Horm BehavHorm Behav}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {1095-6867
De Dreu, Carsten K W
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
United States
Horm Behav. 2012 Mar;61(3):419-28. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.009. Epub 2011 Dec 20.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {419-28}, edition = {2012/01/10}, abstract = {The author reviews evidence that hypothalamic release (or infusion) of the neuropeptide oxytocin modulates the regulation of cooperation and conflict among humans because of three reasons. First, oxytocin enables social categorization of others into in-group versus out-group. Second, oxytocin dampens amygdala activity and enables the development of trust. Third, and finally, oxytocin up-regulates neural circuitries (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus) involved in empathy and other-concern. Consistent with an evolutionary perspective on the functionality of cooperation, it is concluded that oxytocin-motivated cooperation is mostly parochial-it motivates (i) in-group favoritism, (ii) cooperation towards in-group but not out-group members, and (iii) defense-motivated non-cooperation towards threatening outsiders. Thus, in addition to its well-known role in reproduction and pair-bond formation, oxytocin{\textquoteright}s primary functions include in-group "tend-and-defend." This review concludes with avenues for new research on oxytocin{\textquoteright}s functions in within-group cooperation and between-group competition. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.}, keywords = {*Cooperative Behavior, *Group Processes, Competitive Behavior/*physiology, Discrimination (Psychology), Empathy/physiology, Fear/psychology, Humans, Love, Oxytocin/*physiology, Recognition (Psychology), Social Behavior, Trust}, isbn = {0018-506x}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.009}, author = {De Dreu, C. K.} } @article {2806, title = {A deletion variant of the alpha2b-adrenoceptor is related to emotional memory in Europeans and Africans}, journal = {Nat NeurosciNat Neurosci}, volume = {10}, number = {9}, year = {2007}, note = {de Quervain, Dominique J-F
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
Ertl, Verena
Onyut, P Lamaro
Neuner, Frank
Elbert, Thomas
Papassotiropoulos, Andreas
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10(9):1137-9. Epub 2007 Jul 29.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1137-9}, edition = {2007/07/31}, abstract = {Emotionally arousing events are recalled better than neutral events. This phenomenon, which helps us to remember important and potentially vital information, depends on the activation of noradrenergic transmission in the brain. Here we show that a deletion variant of ADRA2B, the gene encoding the alpha2b-adrenergic receptor, is related to enhanced emotional memory in healthy Swiss subjects and in survivors of the Rwandan civil war who experienced highly aversive emotional situations.}, keywords = {*Gene Deletion, African Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics, Analysis of Variance, Emotions/*physiology, European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics, Glutamic Acid/genetics, Humans, Memory/*physiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/*genetics}, isbn = {1097-6256 (Print)
1097-6256}, doi = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nn1945}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17660814}, author = {de Quervain, D. J. and Kolassa, I. T. and Ertl, V. and Onyut, P. L. and Neuner, F. and Elbert, T. and Papassotiropoulos, A.} } @article {2801, title = {PKCalpha is genetically linked to memory capacity in healthy subjects and to risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in genocide survivors}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S AProc Natl Acad Sci U S AProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {109}, number = {22}, year = {2012}, note = {1091-6490
de Quervain, Dominique J-F
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
Ackermann, Sandra
Aerni, Amanda
Boesiger, Peter
Demougin, Philippe
Elbert, Thomas
Ertl, Verena
Gschwind, Leo
Hadziselimovic, Nils
Hanser, Edveena
Heck, Angela
Hieber, Petra
Huynh, Kim-Dung
Klarhofer, Markus
Luechinger, Roger
Rasch, Bjorn
Scheffler, Klaus
Spalek, Klara
Stippich, Christoph
Vogler, Christian
Vukojevic, Vanja
Stetak, Attila
Papassotiropoulos, Andreas
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8746-51. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1200857109. Epub 2012 May 14.}, month = {May 29}, pages = {8746-51}, edition = {2012/05/16}, abstract = {Strong memory of a traumatic event is thought to contribute to the development and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, a genetic predisposition to build strong memories could lead to increased risk for PTSD after a traumatic event. Here we show that genetic variability of the gene encoding PKCalpha (PRKCA) was associated with memory capacity--including aversive memory--in nontraumatized subjects of European descent. This finding was replicated in an independent sample of nontraumatized subjects, who additionally underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI analysis revealed PRKCA genotype-dependent brain activation differences during successful encoding of aversive information. Further, the identified genetic variant was also related to traumatic memory and to the risk for PTSD in heavily traumatized survivors of the Rwandan genocide. Our results indicate a role for PKCalpha in memory and suggest a genetic link between memory and the risk for PTSD.}, keywords = {*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain/pathology/physiopathology, Female, Genotype, Homicide/psychology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory/*physiology, Mental Recall/physiology, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Protein Kinase C-alpha/*genetics, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Risk Factors, Rwanda/ethnology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/*physiopathology/psychology, Survivors/psychology, Uganda, Young Adult}, isbn = {0027-8424}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200857109}, author = {de Quervain, D. J. and Kolassa, I. T. and Ackermann, S. and Aerni, A. and Boesiger, P. and Demougin, P. and Elbert, T. and Ertl, V. and Gschwind, L. and Hadziselimovic, N. and Hanser, E. and Heck, A. and Hieber, P. and Huynh, K. D. and Klarhofer, M. and Luechinger, R. and Rasch, B. and Scheffler, K. and Spalek, K. and Stippich, C. and Vogler, C. and Vukojevic, V. and Stetak, A. and Papassotiropoulos, A.} } @book {2621, title = {Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Harvard Univ. Press}, organization = {Harvard Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, url = {http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674356610\&content=reviews}, author = {de Waal, F. B. M.} } @article {2811, title = {Putting the altruism back into altruism: the evolution of empathy}, journal = {Annu Rev PsycholAnnual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of Psychology}, volume = {59}, year = {2008}, note = {de Waal, Frans B M
Journal Article
Review
United States
Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:279-300.}, pages = {279-300}, edition = {2007/06/07}, abstract = {Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be experienced by the organism. Motivational analyses should restrict themselves, therefore, to the altruistic impulse and its knowable consequences. Empathy is an ideal candidate mechanism to underlie so-called directed altruism, i.e., altruism in response to anothers{\textquoteright}s pain, need, or distress. Evidence is accumulating that this mechanism is phylogenetically ancient, probably as old as mammals and birds. Perception of the emotional state of another automatically activates shared representations causing a matching emotional state in the observer. With increasing cognition, state-matching evolved into more complex forms, including concern for the other and perspective-taking. Empathy-induced altruism derives its strength from the emotional stake it offers the self in the other{\textquoteright}s welfare. The dynamics of the empathy mechanism agree with predictions from kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Biological Evolution, *Empathy, Affect, Cooperative Behavior, Humans, Intention, Social Behavior}, isbn = {0066-4308 (Print)
0066-4308}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625}, url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625}, author = {de Waal, F. B.} } @book {2616, title = {The Age of Empathy: Nature{\textquoteright}s Lessons for a Kinder Society}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Three Rivers Press}, organization = {Three Rivers Press}, isbn = {9780307407771}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Good_natured.html?id=VMYPAQAAIAAJ}, author = {de Waal, F.} } @article {2816, title = {Sensitivity and attachment: a meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, note = {De Wolff, M S
van Ijzendoorn, M H
eng
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
1997/08/01 00:00
Child Dev. 1997 Aug;68(4):571-91.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {571-91}, abstract = {This meta-analysis included 66 studies (N = 4,176) on parental antecedents of attachment security. The question addressed was whether maternal sensitivity is associated with infant attachment security, and what the strength of this relation is. It was hypothesized that studies more similar to Ainsworth{\textquoteright}s Baltimore study (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, \& Wall, 1978) would show stronger associations than studies diverging from this pioneering study. To create conceptually homogeneous sets of studies, experts divided the studies into 9 groups with similar constructs and measures of parenting. For each domain, a meta-analysis was performed to describe the central tendency, variability, and relevant moderators. After correction for attenuation, the 21 studies (N = 1,099) in which the Strange Situation procedure in nonclinical samples was used, as well as preceding or concurrent observational sensitivity measures, showed a combined effect size of r(1,097) = .24. According to Cohen{\textquoteright}s (1988) conventional criteria, the association is moderately strong. It is concluded that in normal settings sensitivity is an important but not exclusive condition of attachment security. Several other dimensions of parenting are identified as playing an equally important role. In attachment theory, a move to the contextual level is required to interpret the complex transactions between context and sensitivity in less stable and more stressful settings, and to pay more attention to nonshared environmental influences.}, keywords = {*Maternal Behavior, *Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, *Psychological Theory, *Psychology, Child, Adult, Communication, Cooperative Behavior, Cues, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Parenting/*psychology, Research Design, Touch}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, doi = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04218.x}, author = {De Wolff, M. S. and van IJzendoorn, M. H.} } @article {2821, title = {CpG islands and the regulation of transcription}, journal = {Genes Dev}, volume = {25}, number = {10}, year = {2011}, note = {Deaton, Aimee M
Bird, Adrian
eng
Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2011/05/18 06:00
Genes Dev. 2011 May 15;25(10):1010-22. doi: 10.1101/gad.2037511.}, month = {May 15}, pages = {1010-22}, abstract = {Vertebrate CpG islands (CGIs) are short interspersed DNA sequences that deviate significantly from the average genomic pattern by being GC-rich, CpG-rich, and predominantly nonmethylated. Most, perhaps all, CGIs are sites of transcription initiation, including thousands that are remote from currently annotated promoters. Shared DNA sequence features adapt CGIs for promoter function by destabilizing nucleosomes and attracting proteins that create a transcriptionally permissive chromatin state. Silencing of CGI promoters is achieved through dense CpG methylation or polycomb recruitment, again using their distinctive DNA sequence composition. CGIs are therefore generically equipped to influence local chromatin structure and simplify regulation of gene activity.}, keywords = {*Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Chromatin/chemistry, CpG Islands/genetics/*physiology, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing, Humans, Polycomb-Group Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics, Repressor Proteins/metabolism, Transcription Initiation Site}, isbn = {1549-5477 (Electronic)
0890-9369 (Linking)}, url = {http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/25/10/1010}, author = {Deaton, A. M. and Bird, A.} } @article {2826, title = {The functional architecture of human empathy}, journal = {Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, note = {Decety, Jean
Jackson, Philip L
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2004/11/13 09:00
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev. 2004 Jun;3(2):71-100.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {71-100}, abstract = {Empathy accounts for the naturally occurring subjective experience of similarity between the feelings expressed by self and others without loosing sight of whose feelings belong to whom. Empathy involves not only the affective experience of the other person{\textquoteright}s actual or inferred emotional state but also some minimal recognition and understanding of another{\textquoteright}s emotional state. In light of multiple levels of analysis ranging from developmental psychology, social psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and clinical neuropsychology, this article proposes a model of empathy that involves parallel and distributed processing in a number of dissociable computational mechanisms. Shared neural representations, self-awareness, mental flexibility, and emotion regulation constitute the basic macrocomponents of empathy, which are underpinned by specific neural systems. This functional model may be used to make specific predictions about the various empathy deficits that can be encountered in different forms of social and neurological disorders.}, keywords = {*Empathy, *Self Concept, *Social Behavior, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Awareness/*physiology, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Emotions/*physiology, Humans, Infant, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Perception/physiology}, isbn = {1534-5823 (Print)
1534-5823 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1534582304267187}, author = {Decety, J. and Jackson, P. L.} } @article {2836, title = {The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity}, journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev}, volume = {35}, number = {7}, year = {2011}, note = {Del Giudice, Marco
Ellis, Bruce J
Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A
eng
K01 MH077687/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K01 MH077687-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R21 MH093675/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2010/12/15 06:00
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Jun;35(7):1562-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007. Epub 2010 Dec 8.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {1562-92}, abstract = {This paper presents the Adaptive Calibration Model (ACM), an evolutionary-developmental theory of individual differences in the functioning of the stress response system. The stress response system has three main biological functions: (1) to coordinate the organism{\textquoteright}s allostatic response to physical and psychosocial challenges; (2) to encode and filter information about the organism{\textquoteright}s social and physical environment, mediating the organism{\textquoteright}s openness to environmental inputs; and (3) to regulate the organism{\textquoteright}s physiology and behavior in a broad range of fitness-relevant areas including defensive behaviors, competitive risk-taking, learning, attachment, affiliation and reproductive functioning. The information encoded by the system during development feeds back on the long-term calibration of the system itself, resulting in adaptive patterns of responsivity and individual differences in behavior. Drawing on evolutionary life history theory, we build a model of the development of stress responsivity across life stages, describe four prototypical responsivity patterns, and discuss the emergence and meaning of sex differences. The ACM extends the theory of biological sensitivity to context (BSC) and provides an integrative framework for future research in the field.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Biological, *Adaptation, Psychological, *Biological Evolution, *Human Development, *Models, Theoretical, Humans, Individuality, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/*psychology}, isbn = {1873-7528 (Electronic)
0149-7634 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007}, author = {Del Giudice, M. and Ellis, B. J. and Shirtcliff, E. A.} } @article {2831, title = {Sex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies}, journal = {Behav Brain Sci}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Del Giudice, Marco
eng
England
2009/02/13 09:00
Behav Brain Sci. 2009 Feb;32(1):1-21; discussion 21-67. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X09000016.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {1-21; discussion 21-67}, abstract = {This target article presents an integrated evolutionary model of the development of attachment and human reproductive strategies. It is argued that sex differences in attachment emerge in middle childhood, have adaptive significance in both children and adults, and are part of sex-specific life history strategies. Early psychosocial stress and insecure attachment act as cues of environmental risk, and tend to switch development towards reproductive strategies favoring current reproduction and higher mating effort. However, due to sex differences in life history trade-offs between mating and parenting, insecure males tend to adopt avoidant strategies, whereas insecure females tend to adopt anxious/ambivalent strategies, which maximize investment from kin and mates. Females are expected to shift to avoidant patterns when environmental risk is more severe. Avoidant and ambivalent attachment patterns also have different adaptive values for boys and girls, in the context of same-sex competition in the peer group: in particular, the competitive and aggressive traits related to avoidant attachment can be favored as a status-seeking strategy for males. Finally, adrenarche is proposed as the endocrine mechanism underlying the reorganization of attachment in middle childhood, and the implications for the relationship between attachment and sexual development are explored. Sex differences in the development of attachment can be fruitfully integrated within the broader framework of adaptive plasticity in life history strategies, thus contributing to a coherent evolutionary theory of human development.}, keywords = {*Biological Evolution, *Object Attachment, *Sex Characteristics, Adolescent, Adrenarche/physiology/*psychology, Adult, Aggression/psychology, Animals, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Competitive Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Male, Marriage/*psychology, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Phenotype, Psychological Theory, Sexual Behavior/physiology/psychology, Sexual Development, Stress, Psychological}, isbn = {1469-1825 (Electronic)
0140-525X (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09000016}, author = {Del Giudice, M.} } @mastersthesis {3376, title = {Talking to Infants: How Culture Is Instantiated in Early Mother- Infant Interactions. The Case of Cameroonian Farming Nso and North German Middle-Class Families}, year = {2008}, school = {Osnabrück University}, author = {Demuth, C.} } @article {666, title = {{\textquotedblleft}Parenting About Peace{\textquotedblright}: Exploring Taiwanese Parents{\textquoteright} and Children{\textquoteright}s Perceptions in a Shared Political and Sociocultural Context}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, pages = {115-128}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, keywords = {children, Parents, peace, peace education, perception}, isbn = {1741-3729}, doi = {10.2307/2505515}, author = {Deng, Liang-Yu F.} } @article {5261, title = {Secondary Traumatization in Caregivers Working With Women and Children Who Suffered Extreme Violence by the "Islamic State"}, journal = {Front Psychiatry}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, note = {Denkinger, Jana K
Windthorst, Petra
Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount, Caroline
Blume, Michael
Sedik, Hes
Kizilhan, Jan I
Gibbons, Niamh
Pham, Phuong
Hillebrecht, Jennifer
Ateia, Nora
Nikendei, Christoph
Zipfel, Stephan
Junne, Florian
eng
Switzerland
2018/06/21 06:00
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 5;9:234. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00234. eCollection 2018.}, pages = {234}, abstract = {Introduction: Refugees fleeing persecution, torture, or sexual violence are at high risk of developing both acute and chronic psychological disorders. Systematic violence, as committed against the Yazidi minority in Northern Iraq by the terror organization known as the Islamic State (IS), can be seen as a particularly traumatic burden to the victims, but also to caregivers providing treatments and assistance to them. The intense exposure to traumatic content may cause secondary traumatization in respective caregivers. This study aims (1) to identify the prevalence of secondary traumatization in caregivers working with traumatized women and children from Northern Iraq; (2) to determine the specific distressing factors and resources of the caregivers; as well as (3) to analyze whether caregivers{\textquoteright} personal history of trauma or flight, attachment styles, working arrangements as well as support offers qualify as risk or resilience factors for secondary traumatization. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, N = 84 caregivers (social workers, psychotherapists/physicians, and interpreters) in the context of a Humanitarian Admission Program (HAP) for women and children traumatized by the so called IS were investigated about their work-related burdens and resources. Secondary traumatization was assessed with the Questionnaire for Secondary Traumatization (FST). To identify relevant determinants for secondary traumatization multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Secondary traumatization was present in 22.9\% of the participating caregivers, with 8.6\% showing a severe symptom load. A personal history of traumatic experiences, a personal history of flight, a higher number of hours per week working in direct contact with refugees as well as a preoccupied attachment style were detected as risk factors for secondary traumatization. A secure attachment style could be identified as a resilience factor for secondary traumatization. Discussion: Caregivers working with traumatized refugees are at high risk of developing secondary traumatization. Based on the findings of this study and theoretical considerations, a framework of classification for different types of trauma-associated psychological burdens of caregivers working with traumatized refugees is proposed. Implications for the training and supervision of professionals in refugee- and trauma-care are discussed.}, keywords = {attachment style, caregiver, genocide, Refugees, resilience, secondary traumatization, Trauma, Yazidi}, isbn = {1664-0640 (Print)
1664-0640 (Linking)}, author = {Denkinger, J. K. and Windthorst, P. and Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount, C. and Blume, M. and Sedik, H. and Kizilhan, J. I. and Gibbons, N. and Pham, P. and Hillebrecht, J. and Ateia, N. and Nikendei, C. and Zipfel, S. and Junne, F.} } @book {2626, title = {Cultivating a Landscape of Peace: Iroquois-European Encounters in Seventeenth-century America}, year = {1993}, publisher = {Cornell University Press}, organization = {Cornell University Press}, isbn = {9780801421716}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=QqH-ytiOAYkC}, author = {Dennis, M.} } @article {6271, title = {Making life better for Children on the Move promising practices for working with and supporting children on the move}, year = {2019}, institution = {Destination Unknown}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {displaced children, Migrant children, refugee children}, url = {https://destination-unknown.org/wp-content/uploads/destination-unknown-web-28012019.pdf}, author = {DestinationUnknown} } @inbook {2701, title = {Justice and Conflict}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice}, year = {2011}, pages = {43-68}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781118046906}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rw61VDID7U4C}, author = {Deutsch, M.}, editor = {Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P.T. and Marcus, E.C. and Alessio, A. C.} } @book {2631, title = {The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes}, year = {1977}, publisher = {Yale University Press}, organization = {Yale University Press}, isbn = {9780300021868}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=qmGEiPU-O-cC}, author = {Deutsch, M.} } @inbook {2696, title = {Cooperation and Competition}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice}, year = {2011}, pages = {23-42}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781118046906}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rw61VDID7U4C}, author = {Deutsch, M.}, editor = {Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P.T. and Marcus, E.C. and Alessio, A. C.} } @article {718, title = {Enhancing the Interactions of Teenage Mothers and Their At-Risk Children: Effectiveness of a Maternal-Focused Intervention}, journal = {Topics in Early Childhood Special Education}, volume = {26}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-01-2006}, pages = {194 - 205}, issn = {0271-1214}, doi = {10.1177/02711214060260040101}, url = {http://tec.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/02711214060260040101}, author = {Deutscher, B. and Fewell, R. R. and Gross, M.} } @book {2636, title = {Experience and Education, 60th Anniversary Edition}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Kappa Delta Pi}, organization = {Kappa Delta Pi}, isbn = {9780912099354}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=UE2EusaU53IC}, author = {Dewey, J.} } @article {2841, title = {Long-term consequences of stunting in early life}, journal = {Matern Child Nutr}, volume = {7 Suppl 3}, year = {2011}, note = {Dewey, Kathryn G
Begum, Khadija
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
England
2011/10/05 06:00
Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Oct;7 Suppl 3:5-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {5-18}, abstract = {This review summarizes the impact of stunting, highlights recent research findings, discusses policy and programme implications and identifies research priorities. There is growing evidence of the connections between slow growth in height early in life and impaired health and educational and economic performance later in life. Recent research findings, including follow-up of an intervention trial in Guatemala, indicate that stunting can have long-term effects on cognitive development, school achievement, economic productivity in adulthood and maternal reproductive outcomes. This evidence has contributed to the growing scientific consensus that tackling childhood stunting is a high priority for reducing the global burden of disease and for fostering economic development. Follow-up of randomized intervention trials is needed in other regions to add to the findings of the Guatemala trial. Further research is also needed to: understand the pathways by which prevention of stunting can have long-term effects; identify the pathways through which the non-genetic transmission of nutritional effects is mediated in future generations; and determine the impact of interventions focused on linear growth in early life on chronic disease risk in adulthood.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, *Developing Countries, *Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Africa/epidemiology, Asia/epidemiology, Body Height, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Dietary Supplements, Female, Humans, Latin America/epidemiology, Malnutrition/complications/epidemiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1740-8709 (Electronic)
1740-8695 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x }, author = {Dewey, K. G. and Begum, K.} } @article {380, title = {Secondary analysis of the "Love Me...Never Shake Me" SBS education program.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Nov}, pages = {1017-25}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is preventable; however, an estimated 21-74 per 100,000 children worldwide are victims annually. This study examined the effectiveness of an SBS prevention program in the US.

METHODS: A descriptive, secondary analysis of the Prevent Child Abuse Ohio (PCAO) \"Love Me...Never Shake Me\" SBS education program database included 7,051 women who completed a commitment statement, pre and post-test, and follow-up survey.

RESULTS: Participants were mostly White (76\%), had at least some college education (62\%), were privately insured (62\%), and lived with the father and infant (63\%). Mothers knew of the dangers of shaking (96\%) and recommended SBS education for all parents (98\%) because they found it helpful (97\%). Scores on the pre and post-tests were significantly different, but there was no difference based on education site or demographics. There was a significant increase in a pre/post-test item pertaining to infant crying. At follow-up, participants remembered postpartum SBS education (98\%), but post-discharge did not receive SBS education from their primary care provider (62\%). Most mothers practiced infant soothing techniques (79\%) provided in the education; however, few women practiced self-coping techniques (36\%) and accessed community support services (9\%).

CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum SBS prevention education should continue. Development of SBS programs should result from these study findings focusing on education content and program evaluation.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Mothers report that shaken baby syndrome education is important for all parents and memorable at follow-up. Postpartum SBS education should continue because the hospital is the primary place they receive education. Mothers\&$\#$39; report they less frequently receive education from healthcare sources post-discharge. Diligence of primary care providers to incorporate SBS prevention education in well child visits will increase parental exposure to this information. Education may need to place greater emphasis on infant crying and soothing, as well as parent support and self-coping techniques versus the dangers of shaking.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Child Abuse, Databases, Factual, Fathers, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hospitals, Humans, Infant Care, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Mothers, Ohio, Patient Education as Topic, Postpartum Period, Questionnaires, Shaken Baby Syndrome, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.02.006}, author = {Deyo, Grace and Skybo, Theresa and Carroll, Alisa} } @article {2846, title = {Can Psychosocial Intervention Improve Peer and Sibling Relations Among War-affected Children? Impact and Mediating Analyses in a Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Social Development}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, year = {2014}, pages = {215-231}, abstract = {Social resources are considered important protectors in traumatic conditions, but few studies have analyzed their role in psychosocial interventions among war-affected children. We examined (1) whether a psychosocial intervention (teaching recovery techniques, TRT) is effective in improving peer and sibling relations, and (2) whether these potentially improved relations mediate the intervention{\textquoteright}s impacts on children{\textquoteright}s mental health. Participants were 428 Palestinian children [10{\textendash}13 (mean = 11.29, standard deviation SD = .68)-year-old girls (49.4 percent) and boys (50.6 percent)], who were cluster-randomized into the TRT and wait-list control groups. They reported the quality of peer (friendship and loneliness) and sibling (intimacy, warmth, conflict, and rivalry) relations, and posttraumatic stress, depressive and psychological distress symptoms, as well as psychosocial well-being at baseline (T1), postintervention (T2), and six month follow-up (T3). Results showed gender-specific TRT intervention effects: Loneliness in peer relations reduced among boys and sibling rivalry reduced among girls. The TRT prevented the increase in sibling conflict that happened in the control group. The mediating hypothesis was partially substantiated for improved peer relations, and beneficial changes in sibling relations were generally associated with improved mental health.}, keywords = {intervention, peer relations, siblingship, War}, isbn = {1467-9507}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12052 }, author = {Diab, Marwan and Punam{\"a}ki, Raija-Leena and Palosaari, Esa and Qouta, Samir R.} } @book {2641, title = {The Psychosocial Factors That Undermine Children{\textquoteright}s Academic Potentials: A Multi-Level Study of the Main Psychosocial Factors That Contribute to Palestinian Children{\textquoteright}s Academic Underachievement.}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Lambert Academic Publishing}, organization = {Lambert Academic Publishing}, address = {Berlin}, url = {https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details//store/gb/book/978-3-8443-8781-0/the-psychosocial-factors-that-undermine-children-s-academic-potentials}, author = {Diab, S. Y.} } @article {341, title = {Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {17}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jan}, pages = {89-96}, abstract = {

Using olfactory molecular specificity, we examined the inheritance of parental traumatic exposure, a phenomenon that has been frequently observed, but not understood. We subjected F0 mice to odor fear conditioning before conception and found that subsequently conceived F1 and F2 generations had an increased behavioral sensitivity to the F0-conditioned odor, but not to other odors. When an odor (acetophenone) that activates a known odorant receptor (Olfr151) was used to condition F0 mice, the behavioral sensitivity of the F1 and F2 generations to acetophenone was complemented by an enhanced neuroanatomical representation of the Olfr151 pathway. Bisulfite sequencing of sperm DNA from conditioned F0 males and F1 naive offspring revealed CpG hypomethylation in the Olfr151 gene. In addition, in vitro fertilization, F2 inheritance and cross-fostering revealed that these transgenerational effects are inherited via parental gametes. Our findings provide a framework for addressing how environmental information may be inherited transgenerationally at behavioral, neuroanatomical and epigenetic levels.

}, keywords = {1-Propanol, Acetophenones, Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Animals, beta-Galactosidase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Conditioning, Classical, Electroshock, Epigenomics, Fear, Female, Glycine, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Odors, Olfactory Pathways, Paternal Exposure, Pregnancy, Receptors, Odorant, Reflex, Startle, Sensory Receptor Cells, Smell, Spermatozoa}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3594}, author = {Dias, Brian G and Ressler, Kerry J} } @article {865, title = {Effectiveness of the Turkish Version of "First Step to Success Program" in Preventing Antisocial Behaviors}, journal = {Education \& Science / Egitim ve Bilim}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, month = {07/2011}, chapter = {145}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Turkish version of the First Step to Success (TFSS) early intervention program on problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence of at-risk students for antisocial behaviors in Turkey. Participants consisted of a total number of 102 students (53 students in experimental and 49 students in control group) and experimental group students\&$\#$39; teachers and mothers. Experimental group students were subjected to implementation of TFSS while control group students were not. Results revealed significant differences between the scores of two groups on problem behaviors and social skills. Moreover, significant decreases in experimental group students\&$\#$39; problem behavior scores and significant increases in their social skills and academic competence scores were observed. High levels of satisfaction were reported by experimental group students\&$\#$39; teachers and mothers. Results are being discussed

}, keywords = {antisocial behavior, early intervention, First Step to Success}, doi = {10.1080/10409280802516090}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67231657/effectiveness-turkish-version-of-first-step-success-program-preventing-antisocial-behaviors}, author = {D{\.I}KEN, I.H. and CAVKAYTAR, A. and BATU, E.S. and BOZKURT, F. and KURTILMAZ, Y.} } @article {2851, title = {A systematic review on the mental health of children and adolescents in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East}, journal = {Child Care Health Dev}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {Dimitry, L
eng
Review
England
2011/05/28 06:00
Child Care Health Dev. 2012 Mar;38(2):153-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01246.x. Epub 2011 May 27.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {153-61}, abstract = {For many decades, the Middle East has been troubled with numerous long-standing armed conflicts and wars. Children and adolescents were not spared the trauma and its consequences. Exposure to traumatic events can result in mental, behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents. To date, this is the first paper that aims to systematically review the literature on the mental health of children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East, specifically Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq. It explores factors that mediate between exposure to armed conflict and mental, behavioural and emotional problems and places them in a cultural context. Pubmed was searched and papers were identified using specific inclusion criteria. Seventy-one eligible studies were included. The main findings are that children and adolescents living in these conflict zones are exposed to high levels of traumatic experiences. Number of conflict-related traumatic experiences correlates positively with prevalence of mental, behavioural and emotional problems. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents is estimated to be 5-8\% in Israel, 23-70\% in Palestine and 10-30\% in Iraq (insufficient data for Lebanon). The main determining factors identified were level and type of exposure, age, gender, socio-economic adversity, social support and religiosity. These findings bring to light the pressing need to provide children and adolescents living in conflict areas with help. They are useful in designing new interventions to strengthen child and adolescent resilience in areas of conflict worldwide. Specific recommendations are included.}, keywords = {*Mental Health, *Psychology, Child, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Conflict (Psychology), culture, Female, Humans, Infant, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Male, Mental Disorders/*etiology, Middle East, Mothers/*psychology, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology/*psychology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1365-2214 (Electronic)
0305-1862 (Linking)}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01246.x}, author = {Dimitry, L.} } @article {2861, title = {Peer contagion in child and adolescent social and emotional development}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {62}, year = {2011}, note = {Dishion, Thomas J
Tipsord, Jessica M
eng
DA018760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA07031/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA16110/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
MH20012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
P30 DA018760/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
P30 DA018760-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA007031/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA007031-20/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA016110/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA016110-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32 MH020012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH020012-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
2009/07/07 09:00
Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:189-214. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100412.}, pages = {189-214}, abstract = {In this article, we examine the construct of peer contagion in childhood and adolescence and review studies of child and adolescent development that have identified peer contagion influences. Evidence suggests that children{\textquoteright}s interactions with peers are tied to increases in aggression in early and middle childhood and amplification of problem behaviors such as drug use, delinquency, and violence in early to late adolescence. Deviancy training is one mechanism that accounts for peer contagion effects on problem behaviors from age 5 through adolescence. In addition, we discuss peer contagion relevant to depression in adolescence, and corumination as an interactive process that may account for these effects. Social network analyses suggest that peer contagion underlies the influence of friendship on obesity, unhealthy body images, and expectations. Literature is reviewed that suggests how peer contagion effects can undermine the goals of public education from elementary school through college and impair the goals of juvenile corrections systems. In particular, programs that "select" adolescents at risk for aggregated preventive interventions are particularly vulnerable to peer contagion effects. It appears that a history of peer rejection is a vulnerability factor for influence by peers, and adult monitoring, supervision, positive parenting, structure, and self-regulation serve as protective factors.}, keywords = {*Emotions, *Interpersonal Relations, *Peer Group, *Social Behavior, *Social Environment, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Aggression, Child, Child Development, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Violence}, isbn = {1545-2085 (Electronic)
0066-4308 (Linking)}, author = {Dishion, T. J. and Tipsord, J. M.} } @article {2856, title = {The family check-up with high-risk indigent families: preventing problem behavior by increasing parents{\textquoteright} positive behavior support in early childhood}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {79}, number = {5}, year = {2008}, note = {Dishion, Thomas J
Shaw, Daniel
Connell, Arin
Gardner, Frances
Weaver, Chelsea
Wilson, Melvin
eng
5 R01 DA16110/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K05 DA025630/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA022773/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA022773-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA022773-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA023245/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA023245-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA026222/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
R01 DA036832/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2008/10/02 09:00
Child Dev. 2008 Sep-Oct;79(5):1395-414. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01195.x.}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1395-414}, abstract = {Seven hundred thirty-one income-eligible families in 3 geographical regions who were enrolled in a national food supplement program were screened and randomized to a brief family intervention. At child ages 2 and 3, the intervention group caregivers were offered the Family Check-Up and linked parenting support services. Latent growth models on caregiver reports at child ages 2, 3, and 4 revealed decreased behavior problems when compared with the control group. Intervention effects occurred predominantly among families reporting high levels of problem behavior at child age 2. Families in the intervention condition improved on direct observation measures of caregivers{\textquoteright} positive behavior support at child ages 2 and 3; improvements in positive behavior support mediated improvements in children{\textquoteright}s early problem behavior.}, keywords = {*Parent-Child Relations, Child Behavior Disorders/*prevention \& control/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parents/*psychology, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dishion, T. J. and Shaw, D. and Connell, A. and Gardner, F. and Weaver, C. and Wilson, M.} } @article {2866, title = {Maternal responsiveness moderates the relationship between allostatic load and working memory}, journal = {Dev PsychopatholDevelopment and PsychopathologyDevelopment and Psychopathology}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, note = {1469-2198
Doan, Stacey N
Evans, Gary W
Journal Article
United States
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Aug;23(3):873-80. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000368.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {873-80}, edition = {2011/07/16}, abstract = {A substantial amount of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of chronic stress on memory. However, much less is known about protective factors. In the current study we test the role of maternal responsiveness in buffering the effects of childhood allostatic load on subsequent adolescent working memory. Allostatic load is a marker of cumulative stress on the body that is caused by mobilization of multiple physiological systems in response to chronic environmental demands. Results of the study suggest that allostatic load negatively affects working memory, but that this effect is significantly attenuated in children with responsive mothers.}, keywords = {*Mother-Child Relations, Adaptation, Physiological/physiology, Adolescent, Allostasis/*physiology, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory, Short-Term/*physiology, Poverty, Stress, Physiological/*physiology, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology}, isbn = {0954-5794}, author = {Doan, S. N. and Evans, G. W.} } @article {2871, title = {Mechanisms in the cycle of violence}, journal = {Science}, volume = {250}, number = {4988}, year = {1990}, note = {Dodge, K A
Bates, J E
Pettit, G S
eng
42498/PHS HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
1990/12/21
Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1678-83.}, month = {Dec 21}, pages = {1678-83}, abstract = {Two questions concerning the effect of physical abuse in early childhood on the child{\textquoteright}s development of aggressive behavior are the focus of this article. The first is whether abuse per se has deleterious effects. In earlier studies, in which samples were nonrepresentative and family ecological factors (such as poverty, marital violence, and family instability) and child biological variables (such as early health problems and temperament) were ignored, findings have been ambiguous. Results from a prospective study of a representative sample of 309 children indicated that physical abuse is indeed a risk factor for later aggressive behavior even when the other ecological and biological factors are known. The second question concerns the processes by which antisocial development occurs in abused children. Abused children tended to acquire deviant patterns of processing social information, and these may mediate the development of aggressive behavior.}, keywords = {*Aggression, *Child Abuse, *Child Development, *Violence, Child, Preschool, Humans, Probability, Risk Factors, Temperament}, isbn = {0036-8075 (Print)
0036-8075 (Linking)}, author = {Dodge, K. A. and Bates, J. E. and Pettit, G. S.} } @article {2881, title = {Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threats to the self}, journal = {Child DevChild DevChild Development}, volume = {58}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, note = {Dodge, K A
Somberg, D R
NIMH 37062/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United states
Child Dev. 1987 Feb;58(1):213-24.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {213-24}, edition = {1987/02/01}, abstract = {Previous studies have found a tendency for aggressive boys to display hostile attributional biases and social cue interpretation deficits. It was hypothesized that these biases and deficits would be exaggerated under conditions of social anxiety and threat. Aggressive and nonaggressive boys aged 8 - 10 (total N = 65) were administered tests of attributional tendencies and social cue interpretation skills (via videorecorded stimuli) under relaxed and threatening conditions. It was found that, relative to normal boys, aggressive boys displayed a bias toward attributing hostile intentions to peers, a deficit in interpreting accurately others{\textquoteright} intentions, and a deficit in linking interpretations to behavioral responses. The hypothesis that these biases and deficits would be exaggerated under conditions of threat was also supported. Findings were interpreted as consistent with theories of preemptive processing and emotional vulnerability in aggressive boys.}, keywords = {*Hostility, *Social Perception, Aggression/*psychology, Child, Cognition, Cues, Humans, Male, Motivation}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920}, author = {Dodge, K. A. and Somberg, D. R.} } @article {2876, title = {Testing an idealized dynamic cascade model of the development of serious violence in adolescence}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {79}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, note = {Dodge, Kenneth A
Greenberg, Mark T
Malone, Patrick S
eng
K05MH00797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05MH01027/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH048043-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH48043/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50951/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50952/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R18 MH50953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2008/11/29 09:00
Child Dev. 2008 Nov-Dec;79(6):1907-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01233.x.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1907-27}, abstract = {A dynamic cascade model of development of serious adolescent violence was proposed and tested through prospective inquiry with 754 children (50\% male; 43\% African American) from 27 schools at 4 geographic sites followed annually from kindergarten through Grade 11 (ages 5-18). Self, parent, teacher, peer, observer, and administrative reports provided data. Partial least squares analyses revealed a cascade of prediction and mediation: An early social context of disadvantage predicts harsh-inconsistent parenting, which predicts social and cognitive deficits, which predicts conduct problem behavior, which predicts elementary school social and academic failure, which predicts parental withdrawal from supervision and monitoring, which predicts deviant peer associations, which ultimately predicts adolescent violence. Findings suggest targets for in-depth inquiry and preventive intervention.}, keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting, Prospective Studies, Social Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dodge, K. A. and Greenberg, M. T. and Malone, P. S. and Conduct Problems Prevention Research, Group} } @article {174, title = {Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {61}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar 15}, pages = {731-3}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: The ability to \"read the mind\" of other individuals, that is, to infer their mental state by interpreting subtle social cues, is indispensable in human social interaction. The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in social approach behavior in nonhuman mammals.

METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, 30 healthy male volunteers were tested for their ability to infer the affective mental state of others using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) after intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin.

RESULTS: Oxytocin improved performance on the RMET compared with placebo. This effect was pronounced for difficult compared with easy items.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region. Oxytocin might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Awareness, Brain, Cues, Double-Blind Method, Empathy, Facial Expression, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Nonverbal Communication, Oxytocin, Reference Values, Social Perception, Telepathy}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.015}, author = {Domes, Gregor and Heinrichs, Markus and Michel, Andre and Berger, Christoph and Herpertz, Sabine C} } @article {381, title = {Improving young children{\textquoteright}s social and emotional competence: a randomized trial of the preschool "PATHS" curriculum.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {28}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar}, pages = {67-91}, abstract = {

This paper reports the results from a randomized clinical trial evaluating an adaptation of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies curriculum (PATHS) for preschool-age children in Head Start. PATHS is a universal, teacher-taught social-emotional curriculum that is designed to improve children\&$\#$39;s social competence and reduce problem behavior. Twenty classrooms in two Pennsylvania communities participated in the study. Teachers in the 10 intervention classrooms implemented weekly lessons and extension activities across a 9-month period. Child assessments and teacher and parent reports of child behavior assessments were collected at the beginning and end of the school year. Analysis of covariance was used to control for baseline differences between the groups and pretest scores on each of the outcome measures. The results suggest that after exposure to PATHS, intervention children had higher emotion knowledge skills and were rated by parents and teachers as more socially competent compared to peers. Further, teachers rated intervention children as less socially withdrawn at the end of the school year compared to controls.

}, keywords = {Child Development, Child, Preschool, Curriculum, Early Intervention (Education), Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Pennsylvania, Poverty, School Health Services, Socialization}, issn = {0278-095X}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-007-0081-0}, author = {Domitrovich, Celene E and Cortes, Rebecca C and Greenberg, Mark T} } @article {2886, title = {Patho-genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {Psychiatr DanubPsychiatr DanubPsychiatr Danub}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Domschke, Katharina
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Croatia
Psychiatr Danub. 2012 Sep;24(3):267-73.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {267-73}, edition = {2012/09/28}, abstract = {Clinical genetic studies propose a moderate genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of PTSD with a heritability of about 30-35\%. The present brief review will give an overview of molecular genetic research in PTSD yielding support for specific vulnerability genes. Additionally, evidence for gene-environment (GxE) interactions between susceptibility genes of PTSD and traumatic experiences will be reported. Recent studies suggest a pivotal role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation in mediating the impact of trauma in the pathogenesis of PTSD. Future approaches to further unravel the genetic underpinnings of PTSD might comprise genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the investigation of the genetic influence on intermediate phenotypes of PTSD (e.g., imaging genetics) as well as pharmaco- and psychotherapy-genetic studies. Genetic research in PTSD will be discussed with respect to its potential benefit regarding innovative and individually tailored therapeutic approaches in PTSD.}, keywords = {DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Pharmacogenetics, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/therapy}, isbn = {0353-5053 (Print)
0353-5053}, author = {Domschke, K.} } @article {5831, title = {Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

In order to advance the notion that young children and their families have a role to play in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is pleased to introduce its first publication \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Promoting Peace and Sustainable Development\". This concept paper summarizes and combines evidence from developmental psychology, health and nutrition, with lessons learned from the peacebuilding and social services administration sectors. The paper will help practitioners appreciate how ECD services can prevent and mitigate conflict between individuals and among groups.

This background paper thereby follows in the footsteps of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which acknowledges that \“there can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development.\” It exemplifies the role of ECD in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, and in particular Goal 16. The concepts described in the paper align with recent directions in peacebuilding that aim to operationalize socio-economic development interventions so that they simultaneously transform relationships and build social support networks capable of mitigating violent conflict risks.

Read the ECPC background paper\ \”Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\”.

Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng]\ \ [Ara]\ \ [Fre]\ \ [Spa]\  [Tur].

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/background_paper_ecpc_issues_brief_2018.pdf}, author = {Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Salah, R. and Britto, P. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S. and Walmsley, P.} } @article {6060, title = {ECPC background paper "Contributions of Early Childhood Development programming to sustainable peace and development"}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

In order to advance the notion that young children and their families have a role to play in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is pleased to introduce its first publication \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Promoting Peace and Sustainable Development\". This concept paper summarizes and combines evidence from developmental psychology, health and nutrition, with lessons learned from the peacebuilding and social services administration sectors. The paper will help practitioners appreciate how ECD services can prevent and mitigate conflict between individuals and among groups.

This background paper thereby follows in the footsteps of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which acknowledges that \“there can be no sustainable development without peace, and no peace without sustainable development.\” It exemplifies the role of ECD in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, and in particular Goal 16. The concepts described in the paper align with recent directions in peacebuilding that aim to operationalize socio-economic development interventions so that they simultaneously transform relationships and build social support networks capable of mitigating violent conflict risks.

Read the ECPC background paper \”Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\”.

Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng] [Ara] [Fre] [Spa] [Tur].

}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), peacebuilding, Social cohesion, Sustainable development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), violence prevention}, url = {http://ecdpeace.org/ecpc-background-paper}, author = {Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Salah, R. and Britto, P. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Connolly, P. and Fitzpatrick, S. and Walmsley, P.} } @article {2021, title = {Contributions of Early Childhood Development services to preventing violent conflict and sustaining peace [Eng, Ara, Fre, Spa, Tur]}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {
The purpose of this Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) issue brief is to: (1) demonstrate\ the societal risks that result when early childhood\ development (ECD) services are lacking and (2) show\ how ECD services\  ontribute to sustaining peace\ through increasing social cohesion, equality and\ economic productivity.\  The brief and the ECPC background paper on which it is based are available via the links below.
Read the ECPC issue brief [Eng]\ \ [Ara]\ \ [Fre]\ \ [Spa]\  [Tur].

Read the ECPC background paper\ \"Contributions of Early Childhood Development Programming to Sustainable Peace and Development\".

}, keywords = {early childhood development, sustaining peace, vulnerable children}, url = {/sites/default/files/files/ecpc-brief-eng-2017(1).pdf}, author = {Donaldson, Chelsea}, editor = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Affolter, Friedrich and Britto, Pia Rebello} } @book {2646, title = {The Moral Psychology Handbook}, year = {2010}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, organization = {OUP Oxford}, isbn = {9780199582143}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=N_mW2tpvf1cC}, author = {Doris, J.M. and Group, T.M.P.R.} } @article {2891, title = {Commonality and the complexity of "we": social attitudes and social change}, journal = {Pers Soc Psychol RevPers Soc Psychol RevPers Soc Psychol Rev}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Dovidio, John F
Gaertner, Samuel L
Saguy, Tamar
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
United States
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2009 Feb;13(1):3-20. doi: 10.1177/1088868308326751.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {3-20}, edition = {2009/01/16}, abstract = {The present article explores the complex role of collective identities in the development of intergroup biases and disparities, in interventions to improve orientations toward members of other groups, and in inhibiting or facilitating social action. The article revolves around the common ingroup identity model, examining general empirical support but also acknowledging potential limitations and emphasizing new insights and extensions. It proposes that the motivations of majority group members to preserve a system that advantages them and the motivations of minority group members to enhance their status have direct implications for preferred group representations and consequent intergroup relations. In particular, the effects of majority group members{\textquoteright} preferences for a common, one-group identity and minority group members{\textquoteright} preference for a dual identity (in which differences are acknowledged within the context of a superordinate identity) are considered in terms of intergroup attitudes, recognition of unfair disparities, and support for social action.}, keywords = {*Group Processes, *Prejudice, *Social Change, *Social Identification, Acculturation, Conflict (Psychology), Humans, Minority Groups, Models, Psychological}, isbn = {1088-8683 (Print)
1532-7957}, author = {Dovidio, J. F. and Gaertner, S. L. and Saguy, T.} } @article {2896, title = {Early origins of health disparities: burden of infection, health, and socioeconomic status in U.S. children}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, year = {2009}, note = {Dowd, Jennifer Beam
Zajacova, Anna
Aiello, Allison
eng
R21 NR 011181-01/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
R21 NR011181-01/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2009/01/21 09:00
Soc Sci Med. 2009 Feb;68(4):699-707. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.12.010. Epub 2009 Jan 17.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {699-707}, abstract = {Recent work in biodemography has suggested that lifetime exposure to infection and inflammation may be an important determinant of later-life morbidity and mortality. Early exposure to infections during critical periods can predispose individuals to chronic disease, in part through the reallocation of energy away from development needed for immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, markers of inflammation are known to vary by socioeconomic status in adults and may contribute to overall socioeconomic health inequalities, but little is known about how the sources of this inflammation differ over the life course. This paper uses novel biomarker data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to test the association of the burden of common chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), hepatitis A and hepatitis B) with height-for-age and asthma/chronic respiratory conditions in U.S. children ages 6 and older, and the association of these chronic infections to children{\textquoteright}s socioeconomic status. A higher burden of infection is found to be associated with lower height-for-age as well as an increased likelihood of asthma net of race/ethnicity, family income, and parental education. Children with lower family income, lower parental education, and non-white race/ethnicity have a higher likelihood of infection with several individual pathogens as well as the overall burden of infection. Differential exposure and/or susceptibility to infections may be one mechanism through which early social factors get embodied and shape later-life health outcomes.}, keywords = {*Health Status Disparities, *Social Class, Adolescent, African Americans, Asthma/epidemiology, Body Height, Child, Helicobacter Infections/*epidemiology, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Seroepidemiologic Studies, United States/epidemiology, Virus Diseases/*epidemiology}, isbn = {0277-9536 (Print)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Dowd, J. B. and Zajacova, A. and Aiello, A.} } @article {5879, title = {Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency}, journal = {Econ Hum Biol}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {1873-6130
Doyle, Orla
Harmon, Colm P
Heckman, James J
Tremblay, Richard E
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
Econ Hum Biol. 2009 Mar;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-6}, edition = {2009/02/14}, abstract = {Policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (SES) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. Yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. The majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. However socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age three, suggesting that preventative programmes starting earlier in childhood may be even more effective. We discuss the optimal timing of early childhood intervention with reference to recent research in developmental neuroscience. We motivate the need for early intervention by providing an overview of the impact of adverse risk factors during the antenatal and early childhood periods on outcomes later in life. We provide a brief review of the economic rationale for investing early in life and propose the "antenatal investment hypothesis". We conclude by discussing a suite of new European interventions that will inform this optimal timing debate.}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Cognition/physiology, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Humans, Infant, Neurosciences}, isbn = {1570-677x}, doi = {10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002}, author = {Doyle, O. and Harmon, C. P. and Heckman, J. J. and Tremblay, R. E.} } @article {5714, title = {Investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency}, journal = {Econ Hum BiolEcon Hum Biol}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Doyle, Orla
Harmon, Colm P
Heckman, James J
Tremblay, Richard E
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
2009/02/14 09:00
Econ Hum Biol. 2009 Mar;7(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (SES) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. Yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. The majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. However socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age three, suggesting that preventative programmes starting earlier in childhood may be even more effective. We discuss the optimal timing of early childhood intervention with reference to recent research in developmental neuroscience. We motivate the need for early intervention by providing an overview of the impact of adverse risk factors during the antenatal and early childhood periods on outcomes later in life. We provide a brief review of the economic rationale for investing early in life and propose the "antenatal investment hypothesis". We conclude by discussing a suite of new European interventions that will inform this optimal timing debate.}, keywords = {Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Cognition/physiology, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Humans, Infant, Neurosciences}, isbn = {1873-6130 (Electronic)
1570-677X (Linking)}, author = {Doyle, O. and Harmon, C. P. and Heckman, J. J. and Tremblay, R. E.} } @article {2901, title = {Attachment for infants in foster care: the role of caregiver state of mind}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {72}, number = {5}, year = {2001}, note = {Dozier, M
Stovall, K C
Albus, K E
Bates, B
eng
52135/PHS HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2001/11/09 10:00
Child Dev. 2001 Sep-Oct;72(5):1467-77.}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1467-77}, abstract = {The concordance between foster mothers{\textquoteright} attachment state of mind and foster infants{\textquoteright} attachment quality was examined for 50 foster mother-infant dyads. Babies had been placed into the care of their foster mothers between birth and 20 months of age. Attachment quality was assessed between 12 and 24 months of age, at least 3 months after the infants{\textquoteright} placement into foster care. The two-way correspondence between maternal state of mind and infant attachment quality was 72\%, kappa = .43, similar to the level seen among biologically intact mother-infant dyads. Contrary to expectations, age at placement was not related to attachment quality. Rather, concordance between maternal state of mind and infant attachment was seen for relatively late-placed babies, as well as early placed babies. These findings have two major implications. First, following a disruption in care during the first year and a half of life, babies appear capable of organizing their behavior around the availability of new caregivers. Second, these data argue for a nongenetic mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of attachment.}, keywords = {*Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Adult, Aged, Caregivers/*psychology, Female, Foster Home Care/*psychology, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior/*psychology, Intergenerational Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reactive Attachment Disorder/psychology}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dozier, M. and Stovall, K. C. and Albus, K. E. and Bates, B.} } @article {4351, title = {Global research priorities to accelerate early child development in the sustainable development era}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {2016}, note = {Dua, Tarun
Tomlinson, Mark
Tablante, Elizabeth
Britto, Pia
Yousfzai, Aisha
Daelmans, Bernadette
Darmstadt, Gary L
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
R01 AA017104/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e887-e889. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30218-2. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e887-e889}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Global Health, *Research, Child, Preschool, Goals, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Dua, T. and Tomlinson, M. and Tablante, E. and Britto, P. and Yousfzai, A. and Daelmans, B. and Darmstadt, G. L.} } @article {2916, title = {Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {25}, number = {12}, year = {2001}, note = {Dube, S R
Anda, R F
Felitti, V J
Croft, J B
Edwards, V J
Giles, W H
eng
TS-44-10/11/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
England
2002/01/30 10:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2001 Dec;25(12):1627-40.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1627-40}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study is a detailed examination of the association between parental alcohol abuse (mother only, father only, or both parents) and multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHOD: A questionnaire about ACEs including child abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and exposure to parental alcohol abuse was completed by 8629 adult HMO members to retrospectively assess the relationship of growing up with parental alcohol abuse to 10 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). RESULTS: Compared to persons who grew up with no parental alcohol abuse, the adjusted odds ratio for each category of ACE was approximately 2 to 13 times higher if either the mother, father, or both parents abused alcohol (p < 0.05). For example, the likelihood of having a battered mother was increased 13-fold for men who grew up with both parents who abused alcohol (OR, 12.7; 95\% CI: 8.4-19.1). For almost every ACE, those who grew up with both an alcohol-abusing mother and father had the highest likelihood of ACEs. The mean number of ACEs for persons with no parental alcohol abuse, father only, mother only, or both parents was 1.4, 2.6, 3.2, and 3.8, respectively (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Although the retrospective reporting of these experiences cannot establish a causal association with certainty, exposure to parental alcohol abuse is highly associated with experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Improved coordination of adult and pediatric health care along with related social and substance abuse services may lead to earlier recognition, treatment, and prevention of both adult alcohol abuse and adverse childhood experiences, reducing the negative sequelae of ACEs in adolescents and adults.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism/complications/*epidemiology/psychology, California/epidemiology, Causality, Child, Child Abuse/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Child of Impaired Parents/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Behavior, Health Maintenance Organizations/*utilization, Humans, Life Change Events, Likelihood Functions, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time}, isbn = {0145-2134 (Print)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Dube, S. R. and Anda, R. F. and Felitti, V. J. and Croft, J. B. and Edwards, V. J. and Giles, W. H.} } @article {2911, title = {Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {286}, number = {24}, year = {2001}, note = {Dube, S R
Anda, R F
Felitti, V J
Chapman, D P
Williamson, D F
Giles, W H
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
2002/01/05 10:00
JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3089-96.}, month = {Dec 26}, pages = {3089-96}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective cohort study of 17 337 adult health maintenance organization members (54\% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarceration; and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8\%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during childhood/adolescence and adulthood (P<.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1\%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2\%) was 31.1 (95\% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience-suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67\%, 64\%, and 80\% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/adolescent suicide attempts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention.}, keywords = {*Family Relations, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/*statistics \& numerical data, Domestic Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychology, Social/*statistics \& numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted/prevention \& control/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0098-7484 (Print)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Dube, S. R. and Anda, R. F. and Felitti, V. J. and Chapman, D. P. and Williamson, D. F. and Giles, W. H.} } @article {4736, title = {Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Dubow, Eric F
Aber, J Lawrence
Betancourt, Theresa S
Cummings, E Mark
Huesmann, L Rowell
eng
R01 HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
2016/11/22 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Feb;29(1):85-92. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416001176. Epub 2016 Nov 21.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {85-92}, abstract = {The reader might get the impression that the four projects described in this Special Section proceeded in a systematic and predictable way. Of course, those of us engaged in each research project encountered pitfalls and challenges along the way. A main goal of this Special Section is to provide pathways and encouragement for those who may be interested in advancing high-quality research on this topic. In this paper, we describe a set of practical and ethical challenges that we encountered in conducting our longitudinal, process-oriented, and translational research with conflict-affected youth, and we illustrate how problems can be solved with the goal of maintaining the internal and external validity of the research designs. We are hopeful that by describing the challenges of our work, and how we overcame them, which are seldom treated in this or any other literature on research on child development in high-risk contexts, we can offer a realistic and encouraging picture of conducting methodologically sound research in conflict-affected contexts.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Dissent and Disputes, *Translational Medical Research, Adolescent, Armed Conflicts/*psychology, Child, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Intersectoral Collaboration, Longitudinal Studies, Research Support as Topic}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Dubow, E. F. and Aber, J. L. and Betancourt, T. S. and Cummings, E. M. and Huesmann, L. R.} } @article {2921, title = {Cumulative effects of exposure to violence on posttraumatic stress in Palestinian and Israeli youth}, journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol}, volume = {41}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {Dubow, Eric F
Boxer, Paul
Huesmann, L Rowell
Landau, Simha
Dvir, Shira
Shikaki, Khalil
Ginges, Jeremy
eng
HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD047814/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R24 HD050959/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
2012/05/01 06:00
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2012;41(6):837-44. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2012.675571. Epub 2012 Apr 27.}, pages = {837-44}, abstract = {We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestinian children, males, and older youth were generally at greatest risk for exposure to conflict/violence across contexts. Regression analysis found unique effects of exposure to ethnic-political (Palestinian sample), school (Palestinian and Israeli Jewish samples), and family conflict/violence (Israeli Arab sample) during the first 2 years on PTS symptoms in Year 3, controlling for prior PTS symptoms. Cumulative exposure to violence in more contexts during the first 2 years predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms than did exposure to violence in fewer contexts, and this was true regardless of the youth{\textquoteright}s level of prior PTS symptoms. These results highlight the risk that ongoing exposure to violence across multiple contexts in the social ecology poses for the mental health of children in contexts of ethnic-political violence. Researchers and mental health professionals working with war-exposed youth in a given cultural context must assess both war- and non-war-related stressors affecting youth. Based on this assessment, interventions may not be limited to individual-based, war-trauma-focused approaches but also may include school-based, community-based, and family-level interventions.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Arabs/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Israel/epidemiology, Jews/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology/psychology, Violence/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1537-4424 (Electronic)
1537-4416 (Linking)}, author = {Dubow, E. F. and Boxer, P. and Huesmann, L. R. and Landau, S. and Dvir, S. and Shikaki, K. and Ginges, J.} } @article {2926, title = {Working with Children Affected by Hurricane Katrina: Two Case Studies in Play Therapy}, journal = {Child and Adolescent Mental Health}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, pages = {52-55}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {In August 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast Regions. Throughout history, mental health professionals have primarily focused on adults as the identified victims of natural disasters. More recently, mental health professionals are focused on integrating mental health services to children and adolescents. This article discusses the impact natural disasters have on children, and the related traumatic stress response and post traumatic stress disorder often experienced by children. Treating children can be complicated and a developmentally appropriate intervention is needed. Evidenced-based research has shown play therapy to be a developmentally effective intervention with traumatised children. This article presents two case studies of play therapy with children affected by Hurricane Katrina.}, keywords = {hurricane, non directive play therapy, Play therapy, Trauma}, isbn = {1475-3588}, author = {Dugan, Erin M. and Snow, Marilyn S. and Crowe, Sindy R.} } @article {5880, title = {Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {125}, number = {4}, year = {2010}, note = {1098-4275
Duke, Naomi N
Pettingell, Sandra L
McMorris, Barbara J
Borowsky, Iris W
T01-DP000112/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
Pediatrics. 2010 Apr;125(4):e778-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0597. Epub 2010 Mar 15.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e778-86}, edition = {2010/03/17}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with significant functional impairment and life lost in adolescence and adulthood. This study identified relationships between multiple types of adverse events and distinct categories of adolescent violence perpetration. METHODS: Data are from 136 549 students in the 6th, 9th, and 12th grades who responded to the 2007 Minnesota Student Survey, an anonymous, self-report survey examining youth health behaviors and perceptions, characteristics of primary socializing domains, and youth engagement. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine if 6 types of adverse experiences including physical abuse, sexual abuse by family and/or other persons, witnessing abuse, and household dysfunction caused by family alcohol and/or drug use were significantly associated with risk of adolescent violence perpetration after adjustment for demographic covariates. An adverse-events score was entered into regression models to test for a dose-response relationship between the event score and violence outcomes. All analyses were stratified according to gender. RESULTS: More than 1 in 4 youth (28.9\%) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experience. The most commonly reported adverse experience was alcohol abuse by a household family member that caused problems. Each type of adverse childhood experience was significantly associated with adolescent interpersonal violence perpetration (delinquency, bullying, physical fighting, dating violence, weapon-carrying on school property) and self-directed violence (self-mutilatory behavior, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt). For each additional type of adverse event reported by youth, the risk of violence perpetration increased 35\% to 144\%. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple types of adverse childhood experiences should be considered as risk factors for a spectrum of violence-related outcomes during adolescence. Providers and advocates should be aware of the interrelatedness and cumulative impact of adverse-event types. Study findings support broadening the current discourse on types of adverse events when considering pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent perpetration of delinquent and violent outcomes.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Child, Child Abuse/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Schools/statistics \& numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/complications/epidemiology/psychology, Suicide, Attempted/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2009-0597}, author = {Duke, N. N. and Pettingell, S. L. and McMorris, B. J. and Borowsky, I. W.} } @article {719, title = {Healthy Families New York (HFNY) randomized trial: effects on early child abuse and neglect.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {32}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar}, pages = {295-315}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a home visiting program modeled after Healthy Families America on parenting behaviors in the first 2 years of life.

METHODS: A sample of 1173 families at risk for child abuse and neglect who met the criteria for Healthy Families New York (HFNY) was randomly assigned to either an intervention group that was offered HFNY or a control group that was given information and referrals to other services. Data were collected through a review of CPS records, and maternal interviews at baseline and the child\&$\#$39;s first birthday (90\% re-interviewed) and second birthday (85\% re-interviewed).

RESULTS: HFNY mothers reported committing one-quarter as many acts of serious abuse at age 2 as control mothers (.01 versus .04, p\<.05). Two sets of interactions were tested and found to have significant effects (p\<.05). At age 2, young, first-time mothers in the HFNY group who were randomly assigned at 30 weeks of pregnancy or less were less likely than counterparts in the control group to engage in minor physical aggression in the past year (51\% versus 70\%) and harsh parenting in the past week (41\% versus 62\%). Among women who were \"psychologically vulnerable,\" HFNY mothers were one-quarter as likely to report engaging in serious abuse and neglect as control mothers (5\% versus 19\%) at age 2.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that who is offered home visitation may be an important factor in explaining the differential effectiveness of home visitation programs. Improved effects may be realized by prioritizing the populations served or by enhancing the model to meet program objectives for hard-to-serve families.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Early Diagnosis, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting, Social Environment}, issn = {0145-2134}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.07.007}, author = {DuMont, Kimberly and Mitchell-Herzfeld, Susan and Greene, Rose and Lee, Eunju and Lowenfels, Ann and Rodriguez, Monica and Dorabawila, Vajeera} } @article {2931, title = {The structure of online social networks mirrors those in the offline world}, journal = {Social Networks}, volume = {43}, year = {2015}, month = {10//}, pages = {39-47}, abstract = {We use data on frequencies of bi-directional posts to define edges (or relationships) in two Facebook datasets and a Twitter dataset and use these to create ego-centric social networks. We explore the internal structure of these networks to determine whether they have the same kind of layered structure as has been found in offline face-to-face networks (which have a distinctively scaled structure with successively inclusive layers at 5, 15, 50 and 150 alters). The two Facebook datasets are best described by a four-layer structure and the Twitter dataset by a five-layer structure. The absolute sizes of these layers and the mean frequencies of contact with alters within each layer match very closely the observed values from offline networks. In addition, all three datasets reveal the existence of an innermost network layer at \~{}1.5 alters. Our analyses thus confirm the existence of the layered structure of ego-centric social networks with a very much larger sample (in total, >185,000 egos) than those previously used to describe them, as well as identifying the existence of an additional network layer whose existence was only hypothesised in offline social networks. In addition, our analyses indicate that online communities have very similar structural characteristics to offline face-to-face networks.}, keywords = {Ego-centric social networks, Facebook, Network scaling, Network structure, Twitter}, isbn = {0378-8733}, author = {Dunbar, R. I. M. and Arnaboldi, Valerio and Conti, Marco and Passarella, Andrea} } @article {2936, title = {How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children?}, journal = {American Sociological Review}, volume = {63}, number = {3}, year = {1998}, pages = {406-423}, publisher = {[American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]}, abstract = {Why parental socioeconomic status correlates strongly with various measures of child and adult achievement is an important and controversial research question. After summarizing findings from recent contributions to this literature, we conduct two sets of analyses using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Completed schooling and nonmarital childbearing are related to parental income during early and middle childhood, as well as during adolescence. These analyses suggest that family economic conditions in early childhood have the greatest impact on achievement, especially among children in families with low incomes. Estimates from sibling models support the hypothesis that economic conditions in early childhood are important determinants of completed schooling.}, isbn = {00031224}, author = {Duncan, G. J. and Yeung, W. J. and Brooks-Gunn, J. and Smith, J. R.} } @article {342, title = {Economic deprivation and early childhood development.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {296-318}, abstract = {

We consider 3 questions regarding the effects of economic deprivation on child development. First, how are developmental outcomes in childhood affected by poverty and such poverty correlates as single parenthood, ethnicity, and maternal education? Second, what are the developmental consequences of the duration and timing of family economic deprivation? And, third, what is the comparative influence of economic deprivation at the family and neighborhood level? We investigate these issues with longitudinal data from the Infant Health and Development Program. We find that family income and poverty status are powerful correlates of the cognitive development and behavior of children, even after accounting for other differences--in particular family structure and maternal schooling--between low- and high-income families. While the duration of poverty matters, its timing in early childhood does not. Age-5 IQs are found to be higher in neighborhoods with greater concentrations of affluent neighbors, while the prevalence of low-income neighbors appears to increase the incidence of externalizing behavior problems.

}, keywords = {African Americans, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Disabilities, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hispanic Americans, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intelligence Tests, Learning Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Risk Factors, Social Class, Social Environment, Socialization, United States}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Duncan, G J and Brooks-Gunn, J and Klebanov, P K} } @article {2946, title = {Classifying prosocial behavior: children{\textquoteright}s responses to instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {5}, year = {2013}, note = {Dunfield, Kristen A
Kuhlmeier, Valerie A
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/03/07 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Sep-Oct;84(5):1766-76. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12075. Epub 2013 Mar 5.}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1766-76}, abstract = {This study investigates the diversity of early prosocial behavior by examining the ability of ninety-five 2- to 4-year-olds to provide aid to an adult experimenter displaying instrumental need, emotional distress, and material desire. Children provided appropriate aid in response to each of these cues with high consistency over multiple trials. In contrast to the consistency with which the children provided aid within each task, there were no cross-task correlations, and the tendency to respond to each of the cues revealed unique developmental trajectories. Taken together, these results provide preliminary support for the importance of examining the cues to which children are responding and of differentiating between varieties of aid when considering the development of prosocial behavior.}, keywords = {*Helping Behavior, Analysis of Variance, Attitude, Child, Preschool, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Dunfield, K. A. and Kuhlmeier, V. A.} } @article {2941, title = {Examining the Diversity of Prosocial Behavior: Helping, Sharing, and Comforting in Infancy}, journal = {Infancy}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, year = {2011}, pages = {227-247}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {Prosocial behaviors are a diverse group of actions that are integral to human social life. In this study, we examined the ability of 18- and 24-month-old infants to engage in three types of other-oriented behaviors, specifically helping, sharing, and comforting. Infants in both age groups engaged in more prosocial behavior on trials in which an unfamiliar adult experimenter required aid (experimental conditions) than on those in which she did not (control conditions) across two of the three prosocial tasks (i.e., helping and sharing). The infants engaged in these behaviors with similar frequency; however, there was no correlation between the tasks. The implications for the construct of prosocial behavior and the presence of a prosocial disposition are discussed.}, isbn = {1532-7078}, author = {Dunfield, K. and Kuhlmeier, V. A. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, L. and Kelley, E.} } @article {2951, title = {Determinants of posttraumatic adjustment in adolescents from Sarajevo who experienced war}, journal = {J Clin Psychol}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, note = {Durakovic-Belko, Elvira
Kulenovic, Alija
Dapic, Renko
eng
Comparative Study
2003/01/01 04:00
J Clin Psychol. 2003 Jan;59(1):27-40.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {27-40}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine risk and protective factors of postwar adjustment among adolescents from Sarajevo who have been exposed to war traumas during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More specifically, we wanted to examine differential linkages between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depression (as outcomes) and (a) war traumas, (b) individual and socioenvironmental factors, and (c) cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that dimensions of war traumas, individual characteristics, and cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms play a significant role in determining who will have more serious PTSD symptoms. Although individual and socioenvironmental factors are the strongest predictors of depression, dimensions of war traumas also are significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Common risk factors for more serious depression and PTSD symptoms in postwar adjustment were female gender and low optimism. While the strongest predictor of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR) was trauma experience in the category of loss, the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms was female gender.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Warfare, Adjustment Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology, Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, Adolescent, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*diagnosis/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology}, isbn = {0021-9762 (Print)
0021-9762 (Linking)}, author = {Durakovic-Belko, E. and Kulenovic, A. and Dapic, R.} } @article {2956, title = {A neural basis for the development of inhibitory control}, journal = {Developmental Science}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, pages = {F9-F16}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishers Ltd.}, abstract = {The present study explores the neural basis of the development of inhibitory control by combining functional neuroimaging with a parametric manipulation of a go{\textendash}nogo paradigm. We demonstrate how the maturation of ventral fronto{\textendash}striatal circuitry underlies the development of this ability. We used event{\textendash}related fMRI to examine the effect of interference on neural processes involved in inhibitory control in children and adults. Nogo trials were preceded by either 1, 3 or 5 go trials and then compared to one another. Both children and adults showed an increase in errors with increasing interference. Successful response inhibition was associated with stronger activation of prefrontal and parietal regions for children than for adults. In adults, activation in ventralprefrontal regions increased with increasing interference from go trials. Unlike adults, the circuitry appeared to be maximally activated in children when suppressing a behavioral response regardless of the number of preceding responses. Furthermore, activation in ventral fronto{\textendash}striatal regions correlated with both age and performance. These findings suggest that immature cognition is more susceptible to interference and this is paralleled by maturational differences in underlying fronto{\textendash}striatal circuitry.}, isbn = {1467-7687}, author = {Durston, Sarah and Thomas, Kathleen M. and Yang, Yihong and Ulu{\u g}, Aziz M. and Zimmerman, Robert D. and Casey, B. J.} } @article {3241, title = {Transitional Justice and Education: Learning Peace}, year = {2017}, institution = {The International Center for Transitional Justice}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/transitional-justice-and-education-learning-peace}, author = {Clara Ram{\'\i}rez-Barat and Roger Duthie} } @article {3236, title = {Education and Transitional Justice Opportunities and Challenges for Peacebuilding}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov. 17, 2015}, institution = {The International Center for Transitional Justice}, url = {https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-UNICEF-Report-EducationTJ-2015.pdf}, author = {Clara Ram{\'\i}rez-Barat and Roger Duthie} } @article {6176, title = {Paid parental leave and family-friendly policies. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {breastfeeding, early childhood development, family-friendly policies, immunization, infant development, job protection, parental leave, preventative care}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Parental-Leave-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Earle, A. and Heymann, J. and UNICEF} } @article {2961, title = {The contributions of oxytocin and vasopressin pathway genes to human behavior}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Ebstein, Richard P
Knafo, Ariel
Mankuta, David
Chew, Soo Hong
Lai, Poh San
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2012/01/17 06:00
Horm Behav. 2012 Mar;61(3):359-79. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.014. Epub 2011 Dec 29.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {359-79}, abstract = {Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are social hormones and mediate affiliative behaviors in mammals and as recently demonstrated, also in humans. There is intense interest in how these simple nonapeptides mediate normal and abnormal behavior, especially regarding disorders of the social brain such as autism that are characterized by deficits in social communication and social skills. The current review examines in detail the behavioral genetics of the first level of human AVP-OXT pathway genes including arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), AVP (AVP-neurophysin II [NPII]) and OXT (OXT neurophysin I [NPI]), oxytocinase/vasopressinase (LNPEP), ADP-ribosyl cyclase (CD38) and arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (AVPR1b). Wherever possible we discuss evidence from a variety of research tracks including molecular genetics, imaging genomics, pharmacology and endocrinology that support the conclusions drawn from association studies of social phenotypes and detail how common polymorphisms in AVP-OXT pathway genes contribute to the behavioral hard wiring that enables individual Homo sapiens to interact successfully with conspecifics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.}, keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD38/genetics/physiology, Autistic Disorder/genetics/physiopathology/psychology, Dancing, Feeding Behavior/physiology, Gene Expression/physiology, Genomics, Humans, Microsatellite Repeats, Music, Oxytocin/blood/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics/physiology, Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics/physiology, Retinoids/physiology, Social Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders/genetics/psychology, Vasopressins/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology}, isbn = {1095-6867 (Electronic)
0018-506X (Linking)}, author = {Ebstein, R. P. and Knafo, A. and Mankuta, D. and Chew, S. H. and Lai, P. S.} } @article {593, title = {National Strategic Plan for Early Childhood Development in Jamaica 2008-2013}, year = {2009}, institution = {ECC}, address = {Kingston}, url = {https://www.ecc.gov.jm/Downloads/Brochures/nsp_book_layout_small.pdf}, author = {Early Childhood Commission (ECC)} } @article {6486, title = {COVID-19 and ECD}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

On March 26, 2020, the ECD Action Network (ECDAN) along with WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank, ARNEC and other partners organized the first in a series of webinars on COVID-19 and Early Childhood Development. Dr. David Nabarro, the Special Envoy on COVID-19 for the Secretary-General at WHO also provided the global community with a briefing on the pandemic to date. (See: https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19)

  1. High bandwidth
  2. Low bandwidth
}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {6470, title = {A call for coordinated action to protect and support all young children and their caregivers}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {The Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) partners have co-developed and launched a Call For Coordinated Action urging all governments, global partnerships, multi- and bi-lateral agencies, political bodies, funders, international non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, the business sector, academia, civil society organizations, networks, and advocates to prioritize and invest in the needs of ALL young children and their parents and caregivers, especially the most vulnerable, during the COVID-19 pandemic response and recovery. }, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://covidaction.ecdan.org/calltoaction}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {6475, title = {Early childhood focused COVID-19 resources}, year = {2020}, abstract = {ECDAN, along with partners, regional networks and members curates an ECD-related COVID-19 resource hub that is continually updated. }, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19}, author = {ECDAN} } @article {2966, title = {Genomics: ENCODE explained}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {489}, number = {7414}, year = {2012}, note = {Ecker, Joseph R
Bickmore, Wendy A
Barroso, Ines
Pritchard, Jonathan K
Gilad, Yoav
Segal, Eran
eng
England
2012/09/08 06:00
Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):52-5. doi: 10.1038/489052a.}, month = {Sep 6}, pages = {52-5}, keywords = {*Encyclopedias as Topic, *Genomics/trends, *Molecular Sequence Annotation, Chromatin/genetics/metabolism, Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism, DNA Methylation, DNA/*genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation/genetics, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genome, Human/*genetics, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics, RNA, Untranslated/genetics, Sequence Analysis, Transcription Factors/metabolism}, isbn = {1476-4687 (Electronic)
0028-0836 (Linking)}, author = {Ecker, J. R. and Bickmore, W. A. and Barroso, I. and Pritchard, J. K. and Gilad, Y. and Segal, E.} } @article {5850, title = {Out of the Shadows: Shining light on response to child sexual abuse and exploitation - a 40 country benchmarking index}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Economist Intelligence Unit}, abstract = {Out of the shadows: Shining light on the response to child sexual abuse and exploitation - a 40-country benchmarking index examines how countries are responding to the threat of sexual violence against children. It explores the environment in which the issue occurs and is addressed; the degree to which a country{\textquoteright}s legal framework provide protections for children from sexual violence; whether government commitment and capacity is being deployed to equip institutions and personnel to respond appropriately; and the engagement of industry, civil society and media in efforts to tackle the problem.}, keywords = {child sexual abuse and exploitation}, url = {https://outoftheshadows.eiu.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Out-the-Shadows-Whitepaper.pdf }, author = {EconomistIntelligenceUnit} } @article {7144, title = {ECPC global call to action in response to COVID-19 for children in fragile and conflict-affected settings}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {

In this global call to action, the Early Childhood Peace Consortium entreats governments, policy makers and community leaders to safeguard the increasingly undermined rights of young children living in fragile contexts and to prioritise investment in their survival, development and protection. We stand in solidarity and collaborate with the United Nations and the wider international community in the global response to this pandemic-induced humanitarian crisis.

Early childhood development strategies and services are now more important than ever, to mitigate the immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis and its indirect consequences on the most vulnerable young children and families. Supporting and empowering them today can not only interrupt cycles of racial injustice and inequality, but build a strong foundation for peace and security, resilience, social justice and social cohesion. We invite you to join us in this global call to action, to ensure young children are not forgotten amidst this pandemic and to invest in their \– and our \– shared futures in a just world. - Rima Salah, PhD, Chairperson ECPC

â–ºREAD the ECPC Global Call to Action in Response to COVID-19 for Children in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings: The Promise of Early Childhood Development. Available in English, Spanish, French, and Arabic.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, displaced children, early childhood development, refugee and migrant children}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/work-content/ecpc-global-call-action-reponse-covid-19-children-fragile-and-conflict-affected}, author = {ECPC} } @article {7284, title = {ECPC Video Seriesâ–º Early Childhood Development Advances The Culture of Peace}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, address = {New Haven, CT U.S.A.}, abstract = {

Presenting the \"ECPC Conference Speaker Video Series\". Watch 14 compelling talks by 25 world champions in evidence-based science and practice, education, human migration, web technology and media. Learn why they join together in expertise to pave a road to hope and build pathways to peace through the transformative power of children and families. Hear them sound the global call to action as they launch the ECPC Pledge to Action for Peace.

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium, ECPC, peacebuilding}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/video/ecpc-video-seriesearly-childhood-development-advances-culture-peace}, author = {ECPC} } @article {6210, title = {The meanings of spaces in ECEC centres: A literature review}, year = {2019}, publisher = {EDUCAS}, keywords = {Belgium, early childhood development, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands}, url = {https://www.issa.nl/sites/default/files/u327/EDUCAS\%20Literature\%20Review\%20.pdf}, author = {EDUCAS} } @article {2971, title = {Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adverse childhood experiences study}, journal = {Am J PsychiatryAm J PsychiatryAm J Psychiatry}, volume = {160}, number = {8}, year = {2003}, note = {Edwards, Valerie J
Holden, George W
Felitti, Vincent J
Anda, Robert F
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;160(8):1453-60.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {1453-60}, edition = {2003/08/06}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of a history of various combinations of childhood maltreatment types (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing of maternal battering) among adult members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) and explored the relationship with adult mental health of the combinations of types of childhood maltreatment and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. METHOD: A total of 8,667 adult members of an HMO completed measures of childhood exposure to family dysfunction, which included items on physical and sexual abuse, witnessing of maternal battering, and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. The adults{\textquoteright} current mental health was assessed by using the mental health scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. RESULTS: The prevalences of sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing of maternal violence were 21.6\%, 20.6\%, and 14.0\%, respectively, when the maltreatment types were considered separately. Among respondents reporting any of the maltreatment types, 34.6\% reported more than one type of maltreatment. Lower mean mental health scores were associated with higher numbers of abuse categories (mean=78.5, 75.5, 72.8, and 69.9 for respondents with no, one, two, and three abuse types, respectively). Both an emotionally abusive family environment and the interaction of an emotionally abusive family environment with the various maltreatment types had a significant effect on mental health scores. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood physical and sexual abuse, as well as witnessing of maternal battering, were common among the adult members of an HMO in this study. Among those reporting any maltreatment, more than one-third had experienced more than one type of maltreatment. A dose-response relation was found between the number of types of maltreatment reported and mental health scores. In addition, an emotionally abusive family environment accentuated the decrements in mental health scores. Future research examining the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult mental health should include assessments of a wide range of abusive experiences, as well as the family atmosphere in which they occur.}, keywords = {*Family Health, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Child Abuse/diagnosis/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Comorbidity, Domestic Violence/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {0002-953X (Print)
0002-953x}, author = {Edwards, V. J. and Holden, G. W. and Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F.} } @article {4686, title = {Integrating Early Child Development and violence prevention programs: A systematic review}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Efevbera, Yvette
McCoy, Dana C
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):27-54. doi: 10.1002/cad.20230.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {27-54}, abstract = {Limited evidence describes promoting development and reducing violence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a missed opportunity to protect children and promote development and human capital. This study presents a systematic literature review of integrated early childhood development plus violence prevention (ECD+VP) interventions in LMICs. The search yielded 5,244 unique records, of which N = 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions were in Chile, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Mozambique, and Turkey. Five interventions were parent education programs, including center-based sessions (n = 3) and home visiting (n = 2), while one intervention was a teacher education program. All but one study reported improvements in both child development and maltreatment outcomes. The dearth of evidence on ECD+VP interventions suggests additional research is needed. Integrated ECD+VP interventions may improve multiple child outcome domains while leveraging limited resources in LMICs.}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, Developing Countries, early childhood development, prevention, systematic review}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20230}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cad.20230}, author = {Efevbera, Y. and McCoy, D. C. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5881, title = {Integrating Early Child Development and Violence Prevention Programs: A Systematic Review}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Efevbera, Yvette
McCoy, Dana C
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):27-54. doi: 10.1002/cad.20230.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {27-54}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {Limited evidence describes promoting development and reducing violence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a missed opportunity to protect children and promote development and human capital. This study presents a systematic literature review of integrated early childhood development plus violence prevention (ECD+VP) interventions in LMICs. The search yielded 5,244 unique records, of which N = 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions were in Chile, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Mozambique, and Turkey. Five interventions were parent education programs, including center-based sessions (n = 3) and home visiting (n = 2), while one intervention was a teacher education program. All but one study reported improvements in both child development and maltreatment outcomes. The dearth of evidence on ECD+VP interventions suggests additional research is needed. Integrated ECD+VP interventions may improve multiple child outcome domains while leveraging limited resources in LMICs.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, *Program Development, Child maltreatment, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, early childhood development, Humans, prevention, systematic review, Violence/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20230}, author = {Efevbera, Y. and McCoy, D. C. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {343, title = {Suffering, hope, and entrapment: resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {71}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul}, pages = {71-83}, abstract = {

A critical health-related issue in war-affected areas is how people make sense of adversity and why they show resilience in a high-risk environment. In Afghanistan, the burden of poor mental health arises in contexts of pervasive poverty, social inequality, and persistent violence. In 2006, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 1011 children (age 11-16) and 1011 adult caregivers, randomly selected in a school-based survey in three northern and central areas. Participants narrated their experiences as part of a systematic health survey, including an open-ended questionnaire on major life stressors and solutions to mitigate them. Responses were analysed using an inductive thematic approach and categorised for quantitative presentation, producing a conceptual model. For adults, the primary concern is repairing their \"broken economy,\" the root of all miseries in social, educational, governance, and health domains. For students, frustrations focus on learning environments as well as poverty, as education is perceived as the gateway to upward social and economic mobility. Hope arises from a sense of moral and social order embodied in the expression of key cultural values: faith, family unity, service, effort, morals, and honour. These values form the bedrock of resilience, drive social aspirations, and underpin self-respect and dignity. However, economic impediments, social expectations, and cultural dictates also combine to create entrapment, as the ability to realise personal and social aspirations is frustrated by structural inequalities injurious to health and wellbeing. This study contributes to a small but growing body of work on resilience in public health and conflict settings. It demonstrates that culture functions both as an anchor for resilience and an anvil of pain, and highlights the relevance of ethnographic work in identifying what matters most in formulating social and public health policies to promote a hopeful future.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Afghanistan, Child, Conflict (Psychology), Cultural Characteristics, Domestic Violence, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Questionnaires, Resilience, Psychological, Social Values, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, War}, issn = {1873-5347}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023}, author = {Eggerman, M. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @inbook {577, title = {Life Feeds on Hope: Family mental health, culture, and resilience}, booktitle = {Children of Afghanistan: The Path to Peace}, volume = {226-238}, year = {2014}, publisher = {University of Texas Press}, organization = {University of Texas Press}, url = {http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/books/heachi}, author = {Eggerman, M. and Panter-Brick, C}, editor = {Jennifer Heath and Ashraf Zahedi} } @article {2976, title = {A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {Behav Res Ther}, volume = {38}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, note = {Ehlers, A
Clark, D M
eng
069777/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
ENGLAND
2000/04/13 09:00
Behav Res Ther. 2000 Apr;38(4):319-45.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {319-45}, abstract = {Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic events. Many people recover in the ensuing months, but in a significant subgroup the symptoms persist, often for years. A cognitive model of persistence of PTSD is proposed. It is suggested that PTSD becomes persistent when individuals process the trauma in a way that leads to a sense of serious, current threat. The sense of threat arises as a consequence of: (1) excessively negative appraisals of the trauma and/or its sequelae and (2) a disturbance of autobiographical memory characterised by poor elaboration and contextualization, strong associative memory and strong perceptual priming. Change in the negative appraisals and the trauma memory are prevented by a series of problematic behavioural and cognitive strategies. The model is consistent with the main clinical features of PTSD, helps explain several apparently puzzling phenomena and provides a framework for treatment by identifying three key targets for change. Recent studies have provided preliminary support for several aspects of the model.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Cognitive Therapy, Association, Chronic Disease, Humans, Imagery (Psychotherapy), Memory, Models, Psychological, Negativism, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology/therapy, Stress, Psychological/*psychology, Thinking}, isbn = {0005-7967 (Print)
0005-7967 (Linking)}, author = {Ehlers, A. and Clark, D. M.} } @book {2651, title = {Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Henry Holt and Company}, organization = {Henry Holt and Company}, isbn = {9780805057874}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=C2GM_xXM3pYC}, author = {Ehrenreich, B.} } @article {2981, title = {Together in pain: attachment-related dyadic processes and posttraumatic stress disorder}, journal = {J Couns Psychol}, volume = {57}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {Ein-Dor, Tsachi
Doron, Guy
Solomon, Zahava
Mikulincer, Mario
Shaver, Phillip R
eng
2010/12/08 06:00
J Couns Psychol. 2010 Jul;57(3):317-27. doi: 10.1037/a0019500.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {317-27}, abstract = {We used actor-partner interdependence modeling to explore associations among attachment-related dyadic processes, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in war veterans, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in their wives. A sample of 157 Israeli couples (85 former prisoners of war and their wives and a comparison group of 72 veterans not held captive and their wives) completed self-report scales assessing attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) and PTSD symptoms. For both groups of veterans and their wives, attachment anxiety was associated with the severity of their own and their spouses{\textquoteright} PTSD and STS. Avoidant attachment was associated with PTSD and STS only in couples that included a former prisoner of war. A complex pattern of associations involving avoidant attachment was observed in the actor-partner analyses of these couples. The study demonstrates that attachment-related dyadic processes play a role in the development and maintenance of PTSD in traumatized veterans and STS in their wives.}, keywords = {*Object Attachment, Adult, Combat Disorders/diagnosis/*psychology, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Models, Psychological, Pain/*psychology, Personality Inventory/statistics \& numerical data, Prisoners/*psychology, Psychometrics/statistics \& numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Social Support, Spouses/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*psychology, Veterans/*psychology}, isbn = {0022-0167 (Print)
0022-0167 (Linking)}, author = {Ein-Dor, T. and Doron, G. and Solomon, Z. and Mikulincer, M. and Shaver, P. R.} } @article {2986, title = {The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {101}, number = {1}, year = {1987}, note = {Eisenberg, N
Miller, P A
eng
935691/PHS HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
1987/01/01
Psychol Bull. 1987 Jan;101(1):91-119.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {91-119}, keywords = {*Empathy, *Interpersonal Relations, *Social Behavior, Humans}, isbn = {0033-2909 (Print)
0033-2909 (Linking)}, author = {Eisenberg, N. and Miller, P. A.} } @inbook {2706, title = {Prosocial Development}, booktitle = {Handbook of Child Psychology}, year = {2007}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, keywords = {Altruism, children, Empathy, helping, prosocial behavior, sharing, sympathy}, isbn = {9780470147658}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0311}, author = {Eisenberg, N. and Fabes, R. A. and Spinrad, T. L.} } @article {2991, title = {An experimental study of shared sensitivity to physical pain and social rejection}, journal = {Pain}, volume = {126}, number = {1-3}, year = {2006}, note = {Eisenberger, Naomi I
Jarcho, Johanna M
Lieberman, Matthew D
Naliboff, Bruce D
eng
MH15750/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
NR04881/NR/NINR NIH HHS/
P50 DK64539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/
R24 AT002681/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/
T32 MH019925/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Netherlands
2006/08/08 09:00
Pain. 2006 Dec 15;126(1-3):132-8. Epub 2006 Aug 4.}, month = {Dec 15}, pages = {132-8}, abstract = {Recent evidence points to a possible overlap in the neural systems underlying the distressing experience that accompanies physical pain and social rejection (Eisenberger et al., 2003). The present study tested two hypotheses that stem from this suggested overlap, namely: (1) that baseline sensitivity to physical pain will predict sensitivity to social rejection and (2) that experiences that heighten social distress will heighten sensitivity to physical pain as well. In the current study, participants{\textquoteright} baseline cutaneous heat pain unpleasantness thresholds were assessed prior to the completion of a task that manipulated feelings of social distress. During this task, participants played a virtual ball-tossing game, allegedly with two other individuals, in which they were either continuously included (social inclusion condition) or they were left out of the game by either never being included or by being overtly excluded (social rejection conditions). At the end of the game, three pain stimuli were delivered and participants rated the unpleasantness of each. Results indicated that greater baseline sensitivity to pain (lower pain unpleasantness thresholds) was associated with greater self-reported social distress in response to the social rejection conditions. Additionally, for those in the social rejection conditions, greater reports of social distress were associated with greater reports of pain unpleasantness to the thermal stimuli delivered at the end of the game. These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that pain distress and social distress share neurocognitive substrates. Implications for clinical populations are discussed.}, keywords = {*Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, *Rejection (Psychology), *Social Isolation, Adult, Female, Games, Experimental, Hot Temperature, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Nervous System/*physiopathology, Pain Threshold, Pain/etiology/*physiopathology/*psychology, Skin/physiopathology}, isbn = {1872-6623 (Electronic)
0304-3959 (Linking)}, author = {Eisenberger, N. I. and Jarcho, J. M. and Lieberman, M. D. and Naliboff, B. D.} } @article {3001, title = {Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion}, journal = {ScienceScience}, volume = {302}, number = {5643}, year = {2003}, note = {1095-9203
Eisenberger, Naomi I
Lieberman, Matthew D
Williams, Kipling D
R21MH66709-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):290-2.}, month = {Oct 10}, pages = {290-2}, edition = {2003/10/11}, abstract = {A neuroimaging study examined the neural correlates of social exclusion and tested the hypothesis that the brain bases of social pain are similar to those of physical pain. Participants were scanned while playing a virtual ball-tossing game in which they were ultimately excluded. Paralleling results from physical pain studies, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was more active during exclusion than during inclusion and correlated positively with self-reported distress. Right ventral prefrontal cortex (RVPFC) was active during exclusion and correlated negatively with self-reported distress. ACC changes mediated the RVPFC-distress correlation, suggesting that RVPFC regulates the distress of social exclusion by disrupting ACC activity.}, keywords = {*Emotions, *Rejection (Psychology), *Social Isolation, Brain Mapping, Female, Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pain/*physiopathology, Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology}, isbn = {0036-8075}, author = {Eisenberger, N. I. and Lieberman, M. D. and Williams, K. D.} } @article {2996, title = {Why rejection hurts: a common neural alarm system for physical and social pain}, journal = {Trends Cogn SciTrends in Cognitive SciencesTrends in Cognitive Sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {7}, year = {2004}, note = {Eisenberger, Naomi I
Lieberman, Matthew D
R21MH66709-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
England
Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Jul;8(7):294-300.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {294-300}, edition = {2004/07/10}, abstract = {Numerous languages characterize {\textquoteright}social pain{\textquoteright}, the feelings resulting from social estrangement, with words typically reserved for describing physical pain ({\textquoteright}broken heart{\textquoteright}, {\textquoteright}broken bones{\textquoteright}) and perhaps for good reason. It has been suggested that, in mammalian species, the social-attachment system borrowed the computations of the pain system to prevent the potentially harmful consequences of social separation. Mounting evidence from the animal lesion and human neuroimaging literatures suggests that physical and social pain overlap in their underlying neural circuitry and computational processes. We review evidence suggesting that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a key role in the physical-social pain overlap. We also suggest that the physical-social pain circuitry might share components of a broader neural alarm system.}, keywords = {*Rejection (Psychology), *Social Behavior, Animals, Brain Mapping, Brain/anatomy \& histology/*physiology, Humans, Pain/classification/*psychology}, isbn = {1364-6613 (Print)
1364-6613}, author = {Eisenberger, N. I. and Lieberman, M. D.} } @book {2656, title = {Children of the Great Depression: 25th Anniversary Edition}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, isbn = {9780813346373}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rx7zpZ8cgiEC}, author = {Elder, G.H.} } @book {2661, title = {The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780631221616}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=ThJJcfgga54C}, author = {Elias, N.} } @article {3016, title = {Differential susceptibility to the environment: an evolutionary--neurodevelopmental theory}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Boyce, W Thomas
Belsky, Jay
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J
van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H
eng
2011/01/26 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Feb;23(1):7-28. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000611.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {7-28}, abstract = {Two extant evolutionary models, biological sensitivity to context theory (BSCT) and differential susceptibility theory (DST), converge on the hypothesis that some individuals are more susceptible than others to both negative (risk-promoting) and positive (development-enhancing) environmental conditions. These models contrast with the currently dominant perspective on personal vulnerability and environmental risk: diathesis stress/dual risk. We review challenges to this perspective based on emerging theory and data from the evolutionary, developmental, and health sciences. These challenges signify the need for a paradigm shift in conceptualizing Person x Environment interactions in development. In this context we advance an evolutionary--neurodevelopmental theory, based on DST and BSCT, of the role of neurobiological susceptibility to the environment in regulating environmental effects on adaptation, development, and health. We then outline current thinking about neurogenomic and endophenotypic mechanisms that may underpin neurobiological susceptibility, summarize extant empirical research on differential susceptibility, and evaluate the evolutionary bases and implications of BSCT and DST. Finally, we discuss applied issues including methodological and statistical considerations in conducting differential susceptibility research; issues of ecological, cultural, and racial--ethnic variation in neurobiological susceptibility; and implications of differential susceptibility for designing social programs. We conclude that the differential susceptibility paradigm has far-reaching implications for understanding whether and how much child and adult development responds, for better and for worse, to the gamut of species-typical environmental conditions.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Models, Neurological, *Social Environment, Biological Evolution, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Susceptibility/*psychology, Humans, Mental Disorders/*etiology, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological/complications}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Boyce, W. T. and Belsky, J. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. and van IJzendoorn, M. H.} } @article {3011, title = {Beyond mental health: an evolutionary analysis of development under risky and supportive environmental conditions: an introduction to the special section}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Bjorklund, David F
eng
Introductory
2012/05/02 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):591-7. doi: 10.1037/a0027651.}, month = {May}, pages = {591-7}, abstract = {Evolutionary approaches to behavior have increasingly captured the attention and imagination of academics and laypeople alike. One part of this trend has been the increasing influence of evolutionary theory in developmental science. The articles in this special section of Developmental Psychology attempt to demonstrate why an evolutionary analysis is needed to more fully understand the contexts and contingencies of development. The 3 theoretical articles articulate the core evolutionary logic underlying conditional adaptation (and maladaptation) to both stressful and supportive environmental conditions over development. These theoretical articles are then followed by 9 empirical articles that test these evolutionary-developmental theories and hypotheses. Finally, 6 commentaries evaluate the prospects, pitfalls, and implications of this body of work.}, keywords = {*Biological Evolution, *Child Development, *Environment, Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology, Child, Humans, Psychological Theory, Psychology, Child}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Bjorklund, D. F.} } @article {3031, title = {Fundamental Dimensions of Environmental Risk : The Impact of Harsh versus Unpredictable Environments on the Evolution and Development of Life History Strategies}, journal = {Hum NatHum NatHum Nat}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Figueredo, Aurelio Jose
Brumbach, Barbara H
Schlomer, Gabriel L
Journal Article
United States
Hum Nat. 2009 Jun;20(2):204-68. doi: 10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {204-68}, edition = {2009/06/01}, abstract = {The current paper synthesizes theory and data from the field of life history (LH) evolution to advance a new developmental theory of variation in human LH strategies. The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism{\textquoteright}s resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales. These interrelated factors operate at evolutionary and developmental levels and should be distinguished because they exert distinctive effects on LH traits and are hierarchically operative in terms of primacy of influence. Although converging lines of evidence support core assumptions of the theory, many questions remain unanswered. This review demonstrates the value of applying a multilevel evolutionary-developmental approach to the analysis of a central feature of human phenotypic variation: LH strategy.}, isbn = {1045-6767 (Print)
1045-6767}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Figueredo, A. J. and Brumbach, B. H. and Schlomer, G. L.} } @article {3006, title = {Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach}, journal = {Psychol Bull}, volume = {130}, number = {6}, year = {2004}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
eng
2004/11/13 09:00
Psychol Bull. 2004 Nov;130(6):920-58.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {920-58}, abstract = {Life history theory provides a metatheoretical framework for the study of pubertal timing from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. The current article reviews 5 middle-level theories--energetics theory, stress-suppression theory, psychosocial acceleration theory, paternal investment theory, and child development theory--each of which applies the basic assumptions of life history theory to the question of environmental influences on timing of puberty in girls. These theories converge in their conceptualization of pubertal timing as responsive to ecological conditions but diverge in their conceptualization of (a) the nature, extent, and direction of environmental influences and (b) the effects of pubertal timing on other reproductive variables. Competing hypotheses derived from the 5 perspectives are evaluated. An extension of W. T. Boyce and B. J. Ellis{\textquoteright}s (in press) theory of stress reactivity is proposed to account for both inhibiting and accelerating effects of psychosocial stress on timing of pubertal development. This review highlights the multiplicity of (often unrecognized) perspectives guiding research, raises challenges to virtually all of these, and presents an alternative framework in an effort to move research forward in this arena of multidisciplinary inquiry.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Psychological Theory, Psychology, Puberty/*physiology/*psychology}, isbn = {0033-2909 (Print)
0033-2909 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J.} } @article {4911, title = {Multi-tier mental health program for refugee youth}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {81}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {Ellis, B Heidi
Miller, Alisa B
Abdi, Saida
Barrett, Colleen
Blood, Emily A
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/08/29 06:00
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013 Feb;81(1):129-40. doi: 10.1037/a0029844. Epub 2012 Aug 27.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {129-40}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish that refugee youths who receive a multi-tiered approach to services, Project SHIFA, would show high levels of engagement in treatment appropriate to their level of mental health distress, improvements in mental health symptoms, and a decrease in resource hardships. METHOD: Study participants were 30 Somali and Somali Bantu refugee youths in the English language learner classroom in a middle school in New England. Project SHIFA is a multi-tiered program including prevention and community resilience building for the community at large, school-based early intervention groups for at-risk students, and direct intervention using an established trauma model (trauma systems therapy) for those with significant psychological distress. Data were collected from students at time of enrollment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Measures used were the War Trauma Screening Scale, Adolescent Post-War Adversities Scale-Somali version, UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV (Revision 1), and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. RESULTS: Students across all tiers of the program demonstrated improvements in mental health and resources. Resource hardships were significantly associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder over time, and the stabilization of resource hardships coincided with significant improvements in symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder for the top tier of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Project SHIFA is a promising model of treatment for young refugees.}, keywords = {*Mental Health, Adolescent, Adolescent Health Services, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health Services, Refugees/*psychology, School Health Services, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/psychology/*therapy, Warfare}, isbn = {1939-2117 (Electronic)
0022-006X (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. H. and Miller, A. B. and Abdi, S. and Barrett, C. and Blood, E. A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {3026, title = {The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: implications for science, policy, and practice}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {48}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Del Giudice, Marco
Dishion, Thomas J
Figueredo, Aurelio Jose
Gray, Peter
Griskevicius, Vladas
Hawley, Patricia H
Jacobs, W Jake
James, Jenee
Volk, Anthony A
Wilson, David Sloan
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2011/11/30 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2012 May;48(3):598-623. doi: 10.1037/a0026220. Epub 2011 Nov 28.}, month = {May}, pages = {598-623}, abstract = {This article proposes an evolutionary model of risky behavior in adolescence and contrasts it with the prevailing developmental psychopathology model. The evolutionary model contends that understanding the evolutionary functions of adolescence is critical to explaining why adolescents engage in risky behavior and that successful intervention depends on working with, instead of against, adolescent goals and motivations. The current article articulates 5 key evolutionary insights into risky adolescent behavior: (a) The adolescent transition is an inflection point in development of social status and reproductive trajectories; (b) interventions need to address the adaptive functions of risky and aggressive behaviors like bullying; (c) risky adolescent behavior adaptively calibrates over development to match both harsh and unpredictable environmental conditions; (d) understanding evolved sex differences is critical for understanding the psychology of risky behavior; and (e) mismatches between current and past environments can dysregulate adolescent behavior, as demonstrated by age-segregated social groupings. The evolutionary model has broad implications for designing interventions for high-risk youth and suggests new directions for research that have not been forthcoming from other perspectives.}, keywords = {*Biological Evolution, *Environment, *Models, Psychological, *Risk-Taking, Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Behavioral Symptoms/psychology/therapy, DNA-Cytosine Methylases, Humans, Motivation, policy, Sex Characteristics}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Del Giudice, M. and Dishion, T. J. and Figueredo, A. J. and Gray, P. and Griskevicius, V. and Hawley, P. H. and Jacobs, W. J. and James, J. and Volk, A. A. and Wilson, D. S.} } @article {3021, title = {Beyond allostatic load: rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, year = {2014}, note = {Ellis, Bruce J
Del Giudice, Marco
eng
Review
2013/11/28 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2014 Feb;26(1):1-20. doi: 10.1017/S0954579413000849. Epub 2013 Nov 26.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {How do exposures to stress affect biobehavioral development and, through it, psychiatric and biomedical disorder? In the health sciences, the allostatic load model provides a widely accepted answer to this question: stress responses, while essential for survival, have negative long-term effects that promote illness. Thus, the benefits of mounting repeated biological responses to threat are traded off against costs to mental and physical health. The adaptive calibration model, an evolutionary-developmental theory of stress-health relations, extends this logic by conceptualizing these trade-offs as decision nodes in allocation of resources. Each decision node influences the next in a chain of resource allocations that become instantiated in the regulatory parameters of stress response systems. Over development, these parameters filter and embed information about key dimensions of environmental stress and support, mediating the organism{\textquoteright}s openness to environmental inputs, and function to regulate life history strategies to match those dimensions. Drawing on the adaptive calibration model, we propose that consideration of biological fitness trade-offs, as delineated by life history theory, is needed to more fully explain the complex relations between developmental exposures to stress, stress responsivity, behavioral strategies, and health. We conclude that the adaptive calibration model and allostatic load model are only partially complementary and, in some cases, support different approaches to intervention. In the long run, the field may be better served by a model informed by life history theory that addresses the adaptive role of stress response systems in regulating alternative developmental pathways.}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology, Allostasis/*physiology, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Stress, Physiological/*physiology, Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Ellis, B. J. and Del Giudice, M.} } @article {3036, title = {Abnormal brain connectivity in children after early severe socioemotional deprivation: a diffusion tensor imaging study}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {117}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, note = {Eluvathingal, Thomas J
Chugani, Harry T
Behen, Michael E
Juhasz, Csaba
Muzik, Otto
Maqbool, Mohsin
Chugani, Diane C
Makki, Malek
eng
2006/06/03 09:00
Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):2093-100.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {2093-100}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that children who were subjected to early socioemotional deprivation in Romanian orphanages showed glucose hypometabolism in limbic and paralimbic structures, including the orbital frontal gyrus, infralimbic prefrontal cortex, hippocampus/amygdala, lateral temporal cortex, and the brainstem. The present study used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to examine the integrity of white matter tracts that connect these brain regions. METHODS: Fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient for uncinate fasciculus, stria terminalis, fornix, and cingulum were measured in 7 right-handed children (5 girls and 2 boys; mean age: 9.7 +/- 2.6 years) with a history of early severe socioemotional deprivation in Eastern European orphanages and compared with similar measurements in 7 right-handed normal children (4 girls and 3 boys; mean age: 10.7 +/- 2.8 years). RESULTS: Neuropsychological assessment of the orphans verified the relatively mild specific cognitive impairment and impulsivity consistent with previous studies of children who were adopted from Romanian orphanages. Fractional anisotropy values in the left uncinate fasciculus were decreased significantly in the early deprivation group compared with control subjects. Apparent diffusion coefficient values for the early deprivation group tended to be greater than that in control subjects in all of the tracts measured, without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates in children who experienced socioemotional deprivation a structural change in the left uncinate fasciculus that partly may underlie the cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral difficulties that commonly are observed in these children.}, keywords = {*Psychosocial Deprivation, Brain/*pathology/*physiopathology, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Eluvathingal, T. J. and Chugani, H. T. and Behen, M. E. and Juhasz, C. and Muzik, O. and Maqbool, M. and Chugani, D. C. and Makki, M.} } @article {5753, title = {Bullying and your child. What every parent needs to know and do}, year = {2017}, publisher = {European Network Against Bullying in Learning and Leisure Environments (ENABLE)}, keywords = {Bullying, cyberbullying, parenting support and education, social and emotional skill development}, url = {http://www.azzurro.it/sites/default/files/Bullying\%20and\%20your\%20child\%20\%28ENG\%29.pdf}, author = {ENABLE} } @article {7206, title = {End corporal punishment. Reports on every state and territory}, year = {2021}, institution = {End Violence Against Children}, keywords = {corporal punishment, violence prevention}, url = {https://endcorporalpunishment.org/reports-on-every-state-and-territory/?fbclid=IwAR01ZuuAcy8yxFO-tMxFuhUoeG9xxxFTFDeBYIUjtIKrMVkZDfePrJWNoI0}, author = {EndViolenceAgainstChildren} } @article {704, title = {Psychosocial aspects of care and nutrition}, volume = {16}, year = {1995}, pages = {356-77}, url = {http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/food/8F164e/8F164E0c.htm}, author = {P. L. Engle and H. N. Ricciuti} } @article {175, title = {Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Oct 8}, pages = {1339-53}, abstract = {

This report is the second in a Series on early child development in low-income and middle-income countries and assesses the effectiveness of early child development interventions, such as parenting support and preschool enrolment. The evidence reviewed suggests that early child development can be improved through these interventions, with effects greater for programmes of higher quality and for the most vulnerable children. Other promising interventions for the promotion of early child development include children\&$\#$39;s educational media, interventions with children at high risk, and combining the promotion of early child development with conditional cash transfer programmes. Effective investments in early child development have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. A simulation model of the potential long-term economic effects of increasing preschool enrolment to 25\% or 50\% in every low-income and middle-income country showed a benefit-to-cost ratio ranging from 6\·4 to 17\·6, depending on preschool enrolment rate and discount rate.

}, keywords = {Child Development, Humans}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60889-1}, author = {Engle, P. L. and Fernald, L. C. H. and Alderman, H. and Behrman, J. and O{\textquoteright}Gara, C. and Yousafzai, A. and de Mello, M. C. and Hidrobo, M. and Ulkuer, N. and Ertem, I. and Iltus, S.} } @article {5693, title = {Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {369}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {229 - 242}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60112-3}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673607601123http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607601123?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607601123?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Engle, Patrice L and Black, Maureen M and Behrman, Jere R and Cabral de Mello, Meena and Gertler, Paul J and Kapiriri, Lydia and Martorell, Reynaldo and Young, Mary Eming} } @article {5883, title = {A Prospective Cohort Study of Influences on Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: Results From a Nurse Home Visiting Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, note = {1527-5418
Enoch, Mary-Anne
Kitzman, Harriet
Smith, Joyce A
Anson, Elizabeth
Hodgkinson, Colin A
Goldman, David
Olds, David L
K05 MH001382/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD043492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH068790/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
ZIA AA000306-10/NULL/International
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 May;55(5):376-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007. Epub 2016 Mar 2.}, month = {May}, pages = {376-82}, edition = {2016/04/30}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigated genetic and environmental influences on behavior in a cohort of 600 children followed prenatally to 18 years. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial of prenatal/infancy nurse home visits (NHV) was conducted in 600 predominantly African American mothers and their firstborn children from Memphis, TN. Mothers were assessed in pregnancy for mental health (MH), self-efficacy, and mastery. Mothers reported longitudinally on smoking and alcohol/drug use. The functional polymorphisms SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR, FKBP5 rs1360780 and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 were genotyped together with 186 ancestry informative markers. Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores from the mother-report Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were included as dependent variables in regression analyses for time points 2, 6, 12, and 18 years. RESULTS: Behaviors at younger ages strongly predicted later behaviors (p < .0001). Children whose mothers had high self-efficacy and had received NHV were better behaved at age 2 years. Poorer maternal MH adversely influenced ED up to 12 years, but at age 18 years, maternal mastery exerted a strong, positive effect (p = .0001). Maternal smoking was associated with worse ED at 6 and 18 years. Main and interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms varied across childhood: FKBP5 rs1360780 up to age 6, 5-HTTLPR from 6 to 12, and DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 from 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that maternal MH and resilience measured in pregnancy have long-lasting effects on child behavior. Maternal smoking across childhood and genetic factors also play a role. NHV had a positive effect on early behavior. Our findings have implications for prevention of pathological behaviors in adulthood. Clinical trial registration information-Age-17 Follow-Up of Home Visiting Intervention; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00708695.}, keywords = {*5-httlpr, *Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, *drd2/ankk1, *fkbp5, *nurse home visiting, *Self Efficacy, Adolescent, African Americans/*statistics \& numerical data, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, Mothers/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Tennessee/epidemiology}, isbn = {0890-8567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.02.007}, author = {Enoch, M. A. and Kitzman, H. and Smith, J. A. and Anson, E. and Hodgkinson, C. A. and Goldman, D. and Olds, D. L.} } @book {2666, title = {Forgiveness is a Choice: A Step-by-step Process for Resolving Anger and Restoring Hope}, year = {2001}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, organization = {American Psychological Association}, isbn = {9781557987570}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=OWN3QgAACAAJ}, author = {Enright, R.D.} } @article {5316, title = {More than One Way to Get There: Pathways of Change in Coparenting Conflict after a Preventive Intervention}, journal = {Fam Process}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, note = {Epstein, Kenneth
Pruett, Marsha Kline
Cowan, Philip
Cowan, Carolyn
Pradhan, Lisa
Mah, Elisabeth
Pruett, Kyle
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
2015/02/14 06:00
Fam Process. 2015 Dec;54(4):610-8. doi: 10.1111/famp.12138. Epub 2015 Feb 11.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {610-8}, abstract = {This study explored pathways of change in the levels of conflict couples experienced after Supporting Father Involvement, an evidence-based, prevention-oriented couples and parenting intervention that included a diverse low-income and working class group of participants. Pathways of change were examined for couples with baseline conflict scores that were initially low, medium, and high. The growth mixture model analysis found that the best-fitting model for change in couples{\textquoteright} conflict was represented by three distinctly different change patterns. The intervention was most successful for High-Conflict couples. This finding contributes to a growing literature examining variations in how relationships change over time and the process of change, especially for couples in distress. This study supports further investigation into the impact and costs associated with universal interventions versus those that target specific groups of higher risk families.}, keywords = {*Family Conflict, *Parenting, Adult, cambio, Case Management, Change, Child, Preschool, co-crianza, Communication, conflict, conflicto, Coparenting, Couples, Couples Therapy/*methods, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, matrimonio, Models, Psychological, parejas, Parents/*psychology, Paternal Behavior, prevencion, prevention, Young Adult}, isbn = {1545-5300 (Electronic)
0014-7370 (Linking)}, author = {Epstein, K. and Pruett, M. K. and Cowan, P. and Cowan, C. and Pradhan, L. and Mah, E. and Pruett, K.} } @book {6040, title = {School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools}, year = {2018}, pages = {656}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, edition = {2nd}, keywords = {Academic Achievement, Educational Policy, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Family School Relationship, Homework, Inner City, Marital Status, One Parent Family, Parent Attitudes, Parent Participation, Parent Teacher Cooperation, Partnerships in Education, School Community Programs, School Community Relationship, Teacher Attitudes, Urban Schools}, isbn = {9780429972768}, url = {https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=TyZhDwAAQBAJ\&gl=us\&source=productsearch\&utm_source=HA_Desktop_US\&utm_medium=SEM\&utm_campaign=PLA\&pcampaignid=MKTAD0930BO1\&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzdKyqJCH4gIVC0wNCh1k2AmvEAQYAyABEgL33_D_BwE\&gclsrc=aw.ds}, author = {Epstein, J.L.} } @article {5884, title = {Maternal immune activation: Implications for neuropsychiatric disorders}, journal = {Science}, volume = {353}, number = {6301}, year = {2016}, note = {1095-9203
Estes, Myka L
McAllister, A Kimberley
P50 MH106438/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 NS060125/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
P50-MH106438-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01-NS060125-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
United States
Science. 2016 Aug 19;353(6301):772-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aag3194.}, month = {Aug 19}, pages = {772-7}, edition = {2016/08/20}, abstract = {Epidemiological evidence implicates maternal infection as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Animal models corroborate this link and demonstrate that maternal immune activation (MIA) alone is sufficient to impart lifelong neuropathology and altered behaviors in offspring. This Review describes common principles revealed by these models, highlighting recent findings that strengthen their relevance for schizophrenia and autism and are starting to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MIA on offspring. The role of MIA as a primer for a much wider range of psychiatric and neurologic disorders is also discussed. Finally, the need for more research in this nascent field and the implications for identifying and developing new treatments for individuals at heightened risk for neuroimmune disorders are considered.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Animals, Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology/*immunology, Brain/*immunology/physiopathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology, Humans, Immune System Diseases/epidemiology/*immunology, Immune System/immunology, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*immunology, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia/epidemiology/*immunology, Young Adult}, isbn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.aag3194}, author = {Estes, M. L. and McAllister, A. K.} } @article {7415, title = {European Care Strategy. Eurochild position}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurochild}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Convention on the Rights of the Child, COVID-19, early childhood development, Early childhood education, Governance and policymaking}, url = {https://eurochild.org/uploads/2022/02/Eurochild-position-European-Care-Strategy-Feb2022.pdf}, author = {Eurochild} } @article {6004, title = {Child immigration detention in the EU}, year = {2019}, institution = {Children In Migration}, keywords = {children in alternative care, children{\textquoteright}s rights, Eurochild news, migration}, url = {https://www.eurochild.org/news/news-details/article/child-immigration-detention-in-the-eu/?tx_news_pi1\%5Bcontroller\%5D=News\&tx_news_pi1\%5Baction\%5D=detail\&cHash=58f9ef7ca846aaca7d00e54b3ace5c33}, author = {Eurochild and ChildrenInMigration} } @article {7233, title = {Commission proposes action to uphold child rights and support children in need}, year = {2021}, publisher = {European Union}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Education, governance and policy, Health}, url = {https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_1226}, author = {EuropeanCommission} } @article {7232, title = {The European Union{\textquoteright}s Plan for Children{\textquoteright}s Rights}, year = {2021}, publisher = {European Union}, keywords = {Advocacy, children, European Union, governance, justice, policy}, url = {https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/long_version.pdf}, author = {EuropeanUnion and QueensUniversityBelfast} } @article {6504, title = {Compendium of Resources | Protecting children during the COVID-19 outbreak}, year = {2020}, abstract = {COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic. As we continue to navigate this rapidly evolving situation, it is essential to stay informed on the latest news, updates and resources about the virus and its effect on children. As a global partnership, End Violence is here to share the latest evidence, data and information to protect children from COVID-19 and the related risk of violence. (See: https://www.end-violence.org/protecting-children-during-covid-19-outbreak)}, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19, violence exposure}, url = {https://www.end-violence.org/protecting-children-during-covid-19-outbreak}, author = {EVAC} } @article {6485, title = {COVID-19 and Child Protection}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children (EVAC) and the Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) }, abstract = {

COVID-19 and Child Protection: On April 8, 2020, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children (EVAC) and the Early Childhood Development Action Network (ECDAN) partnered together to present a webinar focused on key issues on child protection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Speakers from WHO, Oxford University, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Actions, and country briefings from Tanzania, Montenegro, and the Philippines. (See:\ https://mailchi.mp/ecdan/covid19)

  1. High bandwidth
  2. Low bandwidth
}, keywords = {child protection, COVID-19}, url = {https://zoom.us/rec/play/6JJ5d7z-q203HdOVswSDU6AsW9S_L66s13If_vsKxUjjWiRSYFulY-QXY-N4AztlsCmPu9xR8-XGvOjv?startTime=1586349047000\&_x_zm_rtaid=1YbMxokIQd2waVM1Z-YYBQ.1586968287275.ef27407061eac7b125294eda4bda9280\&_x_zm_rhtaid=211}, author = {EVAC and ECDAN} } @article {6502, title = {Compendium of Resources | Stay safe at home. Stay safe online.}, year = {2020}, keywords = {child online safety, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.end-violence.org/safeonlinecovid?fbclid=IwAR0IFFqqhws_-2MTRqCqgvbjv6a7IyKC4y76YXheoRdZ8RuU0eewG6XNb9Y}, author = {EVAC} } @article {4501, title = {The rituals, fears and phobias of young children: insights from development, psychopathology and neurobiology}, journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, year = {1999}, note = {Evans, D W
Gray, F L
Leckman, J F
eng
1999/07/28 00:00
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 1999 Summer;29(4):261-76.}, month = {Summer}, pages = {261-76}, abstract = {This study examined the relationship between ritualistic, compulsive-like behaviors and normative fears and phobias in 61 children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. Parents reported on their children{\textquoteright}s ritualistic habits, and perfectionistic behaviors that reflect what we have previously called "compulsive-like" behaviors. Parents also reported on their children{\textquoteright}s fears and phobias. Results indicated that various aspects of children{\textquoteright}s ritualistic and compulsive-like behaviors are correlated with children{\textquoteright}s fears and phobias. Developmental differences existed such that younger children{\textquoteright}s (< 4 years) repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors were related to "prepotent" fears such as stranger and separation anxieties, whereas the compulsive-like behaviors of older children (> 4 years) were correlated with more specific, "contextual" fears such as fears of contamination, death, and fears often associated with concerns of the inner city such as burglars, assault, etc. These findings are discussed in terms of the phenomenologic and possible neurobiological continuities between normative and pathologic rituals, fears and phobias.}, keywords = {*Ceremonial Behavior, *Fear, *Psychology, Child, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Compulsive Behavior/*psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Phobic Disorders/*psychology, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {0009-398X (Print)
0009-398X (Linking)}, author = {Evans, D. W. and Gray, F. L. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {3041, title = {Childhood Poverty, Chronic Stress, Self-Regulation, and Coping}, journal = {Child Development Perspectives}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, pages = {43-48}, abstract = {Poverty is a powerful factor that can alter lifetime developmental trajectories in cognitive, socioemotional, and physical health outcomes. Most explanatory work on the underlying psychological processes of how poverty affects development has focused on parental investment and parenting practices, principally responsiveness. Our primary objective in this article was to describe a third, complementary pathway{\textemdash}chronic stress and coping{\textemdash}that may also prove helpful in understanding the developmental impacts of early childhood poverty throughout life. Disadvantaged children are more likely than their wealthier peers to confront a wide array of physical stressors (e.g., substandard housing, chaotic environments) and psychosocial stressors (e.g., family turmoil, separation from adult caregivers). As exposure to stressors accumulates, physiological response systems that are designed to handle relatively infrequent, acute environmental demands are overwhelmed. Chronic cumulative stressors also disrupt the self-regulatory processes that help children cope with external demands.}, keywords = {coping, Poverty, self-regulation, stress}, isbn = {1750-8606}, author = {Evans, Gary W. and Kim, Pilyoung} } @article {607, title = {Dads Matter Performance Measures: Preliminary results for confidence and knowledge}, year = {2010}, institution = {National Fatherhood Iniative}, address = {Germantown}, url = {http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/135704/file-561419503-pdf/Research_Eval_Files/214_Consulting_Dads_Matter_Program_Evalution.pdf}, author = {D. Evans-Rhodes} } @article {5885, title = {Child maltreatment, youth violence, and intimate partner violence: developmental relationships}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {33}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, note = {Fang, Xiangming
Corso, Phaedra S
P01 HD 31921/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Netherlands
Am J Prev Med. 2007 Oct;33(4):281-90. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.003.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {281-90}, edition = {2007/09/25}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the cycle of violence, from victimization to perpetration across the life span, is critical for designing successful prevention interventions. This study uses a nationally representative sample to examine the developmental relationships among three forms of child maltreatment, youth violence perpetration or victimization, and young adult intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration or victimization. METHODS: Data describing self-reported youth violence perpetration (or victimization) from Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994-1995) were matched with self-reported IPV perpetration (or victimization) in young adult sexual relationships and retrospective reports of child maltreatment collected during Wave III (2001-2002). Bivariate probit regression models were used to analyze the developmental relationships between child maltreatment, youth violence, and IPV. Analyses were completed in September 2006. RESULTS: Compared to nonvictims of child maltreatment, victims of child maltreatment are more likely to perpetrate youth violence (a likelihood increase ranging from -1.2\% to 6.6\% for females and 3.7\% to 11.9\% for males) and young adult IPV (an increase from 8.7\% to 10.4\% for females and from 1.3\% to 17.2\% for males), although the direct and indirect effects vary by type of child maltreatment experienced. Gender differences exist in the links between child maltreatment, youth violence and IPV, and in the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that it may be important to account for gender differences when designing violence prevention programs, and an integrative approach is critical for stopping the developmental trajectory of violence.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse/statistics \& numerical data, *Sexual Partners, *Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, United States}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797}, doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2007.06.003}, author = {Fang, X. and Corso, P. S.} } @article {344, title = {Structural violence and clinical medicine.}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {3}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Oct}, pages = {e449}, keywords = {Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Baltimore, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Clinical Medicine, Ethics, Institutional, Haiti, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Infant, Public Health, Rwanda, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1549-1676}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.0030449}, author = {Farmer, Paul E and Nizeye, Bruce and Stulac, Sara and Keshavjee, Salmaan} } @inbook {578, title = {Key results from the first forty years of the Cambridge Study in delinquent development}, booktitle = {Taking stock of delinquency: An overview of findings from contemporary longitudinal studies}, year = {2003}, pages = {137 - 184}, publisher = {Kluwer}, organization = {Kluwer}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {http://www.springer.com/us/book/9780306473647}, author = {D. P. Farrington}, editor = {T. P. Thornberry and M. Krohn} } @article {5886, title = {Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the trajectory of mental health problems from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, note = {1471-244x
Fatori, Daniel
Bordin, Isabel A
Curto, Bartira M
de Paula, Cristiane S
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 17;13:31. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-31.}, month = {Jan 17}, pages = {31}, edition = {2013/01/19}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Longitudinal epidemiological studies involving child/adolescent mental health problems are scarce in developing countries, particularly in regions characterized by adverse living conditions. We examined the influence of psychosocial factors on the trajectory of child/adolescent mental health problems (CAMHP) over time. METHODS: A population-based sample of 6- to 13-year-olds with CAMHP was followed-up from 2002-2003 (Time 1/T1) to 2007-2008 (Time 2/T2), with 86 out of 124 eligible children/adolescents at T1 being reassessed at T2 (sample loss: 30.6\%). OUTCOME: CAMHP at T2 according to the Child Behavior Checklist/CBCL{\textquoteright}s total problem scale. Psychosocial factors: T1 variables (child/adolescent{\textquoteright}s age, family socioeconomic status); trajectory of variables from T1 to T2 (child/adolescent exposure to severe physical punishment, mother exposure to severe physical marital violence, maternal anxiety/depression); and T2 variables (maternal education, child/adolescent{\textquoteright}s social support and pro-social activities). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for child/adolescent MHP at T2: aggravation of child/adolescent physical punishment and aggravation of maternal anxiety/depression. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows the importance of considering child/adolescent physical punishment and maternal anxiety/depression in intervention models and mental health care policies.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Brazil, Checklist, Child, Child Behavior/psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*etiology, Psychology, Punishment/psychology, Risk Factors, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {1471-244x}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244x-13-31}, author = {Fatori, D. and Bordin, I. A. and Curto, B. M. and de Paula, C. S.} } @article {4966, title = {Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Haitian immigrant students: implications for access to mental health services and educational programming}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {9}, year = {2009}, note = {Fawzi, Mary C Smith
Betancourt, Theresa S
Marcelin, Lilly
Klopner, Michelle
Munir, Kerim
Muriel, Anna C
Oswald, Catherine
Mukherjee, Joia S
eng
R03-MH52267/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
2009/12/24 06:00
BMC Public Health. 2009 Dec 22;9:482. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-482.}, month = {Dec 22}, pages = {482}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies of Haitian immigrant and refugee youth have emphasized "externalizing" behaviors, such as substance use, high risk sexual behavior, and delinquency, with very little information available on "internalizing" symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. Analyzing stressors and "internalizing" symptoms offers a more balanced picture of the type of social and mental health services that may be needed for this population. The present study aims to: 1) estimate the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Haitian immigrant students; and 2) examine factors associated with depression and PTSD to identify potential areas of intervention that may enhance psychosocial health outcomes among immigrant youth from Haiti in the U.S. METHODS: A stratified random sample of Haitian immigrant students enrolled in Boston public high schools was selected for participation; 84\% agreed to be interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. Diagnosis of depression and PTSD was ascertained using the best estimate diagnosis method. RESULTS: The prevalence estimates of depression and PTSD were 14.0\% and 11.6\%; 7.9\% suffered from comorbid PTSD and depression. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated factors most strongly associated with depression (history of father{\textquoteright}s death, self-report of schoolwork not going well, not spending time with friends) and PTSD (concern for physical safety, having many arguments with parents, history of physical abuse, and lack of safety of neighborhood). CONCLUSIONS: A significant level of depression and PTSD was observed. Stressors subsequent to immigration, such as living in an unsafe neighborhood and concern for physical safety, were associated with an increased risk of PTSD and should be considered when developing programs to assist this population. Reducing exposure to these stressors and enhancing access to social support and appropriate school-based and mental health services may improve educational attainment and psychosocial health outcomes among Haitian immigrant youth.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Boston/epidemiology, Depressive Disorder/*ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Haiti/ethnology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Logistic Models, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*ethnology, Students/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult}, isbn = {1471-2458 (Electronic)
1471-2458 (Linking)}, author = {Fawzi, M. C. and Betancourt, T. S. and Marcelin, L. and Klopner, M. and Munir, K. and Muriel, A. C. and Oswald, C. and Mukherjee, J. S.} } @article {345, title = {Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {379}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan 21}, pages = {266-82}, abstract = {

We undertook a systematic search and review of individual, family, community, and societal risk and protective factors for mental health in children and adolescents who are forcibly displaced to high-income countries. Exposure to violence has been shown to be a key risk factor, whereas stable settlement and social support in the host country have a positive effect on the child\&$\#$39;s psychological functioning. Further research is needed to identify the relevant processes, contexts, and interplay between the many predictor variables hitherto identified as affecting mental health vulnerability and resilience. Research designs are needed that enable longitudinal investigation of individual, community, and societal contexts, rather than designs restricted to investigation of the associations between adverse exposures and psychological symptoms. We emphasise the need to develop comprehensive policies to ensure a rapid resolution of asylum claims and the effective integration of internally displaced and refugee children.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Developed Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Parenting, Parents, Refugees, Risk Management, Social Problems, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence, War}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2}, author = {Fazel, M. and Reed, R. V. and Panter-Brick, C. and Stein, A.} } @article {3046, title = {The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children{\textquoteright}s externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, number = {2}, year = {2010}, note = {Fearon, R Pasco
Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J
van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H
Lapsley, Anne-Marie
Roisman, Glenn I
eng
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2010/05/05 06:00
Child Dev. 2010 Mar-Apr;81(2):435-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {435-56}, abstract = {This study addresses the extent to which insecure and disorganized attachments increase risk for externalizing problems using meta-analysis. From 69 samples (N = 5,947), the association between insecurity and externalizing problems was significant, d = 0.31 (95\% CI: 0.23, 0.40). Larger effects were found for boys (d = 0.35), clinical samples (d = 0.49), and from observation-based outcome assessments (d = 0.58). Larger effects were found for attachment assessments other than the Strange Situation. Overall, disorganized children appeared at elevated risk (d = 0.34, 95\% CI: 0.18, 0.50), with weaker effects for avoidance (d = 0.12, 95\% CI: 0.03, 0.21) and resistance (d = 0.11, 95\% CI: -0.04, 0.26). The results are discussed in terms of the potential significance of attachment for mental health.}, keywords = {*Internal-External Control, *Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Adaptation, Psychological, Aggression/psychology, Anxiety, Separation/diagnosis/psychology, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*diagnosis/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Personality Assessment, Reactive Attachment Disorder/*diagnosis/*psychology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Fearon, R. P. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. and van IJzendoorn, M. H. and Lapsley, A. M. and Roisman, G. I.} } @article {3051, title = {Direct and extended friendship effects on minority and majority children{\textquoteright}s interethnic attitudes: a longitudinal study}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {80}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Feddes, Allard R
Noack, Peter
Rutland, Adam
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2009/05/27 09:00
Child Dev. 2009 Mar-Apr;80(2):377-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01266.x.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {377-90}, abstract = {Longitudinal direct and extended cross-ethnic friendship effects on out-group evaluations among German (majority status, N = 76) and Turkish (minority status, N = 73) children (age 7-11 years) in ethnically heterogeneous elementary schools were examined at the beginning and end of the school year (time lag: 7 months). The results showed that among majority status children, but not minority status children, direct cross-ethnic friendship predicted over time positive out-group evaluations. This association was partly mediated by perceived social norms about cross-ethnic friendship relations. No longitudinal effects of extended cross-ethnic friendship were found. These results suggest that in ethnically heterogeneous contexts, direct friendship is more effective in changing intergroup attitudes than extended friendship and that social status moderates direct friendship effects.}, keywords = {*Interpersonal Relations, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/*psychology, Attitude/*ethnology, Ethnic Groups/*psychology, Female, Friends/*ethnology/psychology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Minority Groups/*psychology, Portugal, Schools, Social Environment, Students/*psychology, Turkey/ethnology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Feddes, A. R. and Noack, P. and Rutland, A.} } @article {3056, title = {Egalitarianism in young children}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {454}, number = {7208}, year = {2008}, note = {Fehr, Ernst
Bernhard, Helen
Rockenbach, Bettina
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2008/08/30 09:00
Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1079-83. doi: 10.1038/nature07155.}, month = {Aug 28}, pages = {1079-83}, abstract = {Human social interaction is strongly shaped by other-regarding preferences, that is, a concern for the welfare of others. These preferences are important for a unique aspect of human sociality-large scale cooperation with genetic strangers-but little is known about their developmental roots. Here we show that young children{\textquoteright}s other-regarding preferences assume a particular form, inequality aversion that develops strongly between the ages of 3 and 8. At age 3-4, the overwhelming majority of children behave selfishly, whereas most children at age 7-8 prefer resource allocations that remove advantageous or disadvantageous inequality. Moreover, inequality aversion is strongly shaped by parochialism, a preference for favouring the members of one{\textquoteright}s own social group. These results indicate that human egalitarianism and parochialism have deep developmental roots, and the simultaneous emergence of altruistic sharing and parochialism during childhood is intriguing in view of recent evolutionary theories which predict that the same evolutionary process jointly drives both human altruism and parochialism.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Cooperative Behavior, Age Factors, Biological Evolution, Candy, Child, Child, Preschool, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Morals, Motivation, Sex Characteristics, Social Justice, Switzerland}, isbn = {1476-4687 (Electronic)
0028-0836 (Linking)}, author = {Fehr, E. and Bernhard, H. and Rockenbach, B.} } @article {5691, title = {Effects of family foundations on parents and children: 3.5 years after baseline.}, journal = {Journal of Family Psychology}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-01-2010}, pages = {532 - 542}, issn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/a0020837}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0020837http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/fam/24/5/532.pdf}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E. and Jones, Damon E. and Kan, Marni L. and Goslin, Megan C.} } @article {348, title = {Enhancing coparenting, parenting, and child self-regulation: effects of family foundations 1 year after birth.}, journal = {Prev Sci}, volume = {10}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Sep}, pages = {276-85}, abstract = {

This study investigated whether a psycho-educational program with modest dosage (eight sessions), delivered in a universal framework through childbirth education programs and targeting the coparenting relationship would have a positive impact on observed family interaction and child behavior at 6-month follow-up (child age 1 year). One hundred sixty-nine couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped family observation tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and at child age 1 year (2003-2007). Coparenting, parenting, couple relationship, and child self-regulatory behaviors were coded by teams of raters. Intent-to-treat analyses of program effects controlled for age, education, and social desirability. Evidence of significant (p \< 0.05) program effects at follow-up emerged in all four domains. Effect sizes ranged from 0.28 to 1.01. Targeting the coparenting relationship at the transition to parenthood represents an effective, non-stigmatizing means of promoting parenting quality and child adjustment.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Disorders, Parenting, Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1573-6695}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-009-0130-4}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Kan, Marni L and Goslin, Megan C} } @article {705, title = {Establishing Family Foundations: Intervention Effects on Coparenting, Parent/Infant Well-Being, and Parent{\textendash}Child Relations}, journal = {Journal of Family Psychology}, volume = {22}, number = {253-63}, year = {2008}, doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.253}, author = {M. E. Feinberg and M. L. Kan} } @article {347, title = {Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of family foundations: effects on children{\textquoteright}s emotional, behavioral, and school adjustment.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {28}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Dec}, pages = {821-31}, abstract = {

This study examines long-term effects of a transition to parenthood program, Family Foundations, designed to enhance child outcomes through a strategic focus on supporting the coparenting relationship. Roughly 5 to 7 years after baseline (pregnancy), parent and teacher reports of internalizing and externalizing problems and school adjustment were collected by mail for 98 children born to couples enrolled in the randomized trial. Teachers reported significantly lower levels of internalizing problems among children in the intervention group compared with children in the control group and, consistent with prior findings at age 3, lower levels of externalizing problems for boys in the intervention group. Baseline level of observed couple negative communication moderated intervention effects for parent and teacher report of child adjustment and teacher report of school adjustment and adaptation. Effect sizes ranged from 0.40 to 0.98. Results indicate that relatively brief preventive programs for couples at the transition to parenthood have the capacity to promote long-term positive benefits for children\&$\#$39;s adjustment. Although we attended to missing data issues in several ways, high levels of attrition in this long-term follow-up study is a cause for caution.

}, issn = {1939-1293}, doi = {10.1037/fam0000037}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Jones, Damon E and Roettger, Michael E and Solmeyer, Anna and Hostetler, Michelle L} } @article {346, title = {Effects of family foundations on parents and children: 3.5 years after baseline.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {532-42}, abstract = {

This study investigated the ability of a psychosocial prevention program implemented through childbirth education programs to enhance the coparental and couple relationship, parental mental health, the parent-child relationship, and child outcomes. A sample of 169 heterosexual, adult couples expecting their first child was randomized to intervention and control conditions. The intervention families participated in Family Foundations, a series of eight classes delivered before and after birth, which was designed as a universal prevention program (i.e., applicable to all couples, not just those at high risk). Intent-to-treat analyses utilizing data collected from child age 6 months through 3 years indicated significant program effects on parental stress and self-efficacy, coparenting, harsh parenting, and children\&$\#$39;s emotional adjustment among all families, and maternal depression among cohabiting couples. Among families of boys, program effects were found for child behavior problems and couple relationship quality. These results indicate that a universal prevention approach at the transition to parenthood focused on enhancing family relationships can have a significant and substantial positive impact on parent and child well-being.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Family, Family Relations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Pennsylvania, Program Evaluation, Questionnaires, Self Efficacy, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1939-1293}, doi = {10.1037/a0020837}, author = {Feinberg, Mark E and Jones, Damon E and Kan, Marni L and Goslin, Megan C} } @article {3061, title = {Stochastic epigenetic variation as a driving force of development, evolutionary adaptation, and disease}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {107}, number = {suppl 1}, year = {2010}, month = {January 26, 2010}, pages = {1757-1764}, abstract = {Neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory is based on exquisite selection of phenotypes caused by small genetic variations, which is the basis of quantitative trait contribution to phenotype and disease. Epigenetics is the study of nonsequence-based changes, such as DNA methylation, heritable during cell division. Previous attempts to incorporate epigenetics into evolutionary thinking have focused on Lamarckian inheritance, that is, environmentally directed epigenetic changes. Here, we propose a new non-Lamarckian theory for a role of epigenetics in evolution. We suggest that genetic variants that do not change the mean phenotype could change the variability of phenotype; and this could be mediated epigenetically. This inherited stochastic variation model would provide a mechanism to explain an epigenetic role of developmental biology in selectable phenotypic variation, as well as the largely unexplained heritable genetic variation underlying common complex disease. We provide two experimental results as proof of principle. The first result is direct evidence for stochastic epigenetic variation, identifying highly variably DNA-methylated regions in mouse and human liver and mouse brain, associated with development and morphogenesis. The second is a heritable genetic mechanism for variable methylation, namely the loss or gain of CpG dinucleotides over evolutionary time. Finally, we model genetically inherited stochastic variation in evolution, showing that it provides a powerful mechanism for evolutionary adaptation in changing environments that can be mediated epigenetically. These data suggest that genetically inherited propensity to phenotypic variability, even with no change in the mean phenotype, substantially increases fitness while increasing the disease susceptibility of a population with a changing environment.}, author = {Feinberg, Andrew P. and Irizarry, Rafael A.} } @article {182, title = {Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding.}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, volume = {18}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Nov}, pages = {965-70}, abstract = {

Although research on the neurobiological foundation of social affiliation has implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin in processes of maternal bonding in mammals, there is little evidence to support such links in humans. Plasma oxytocin and cortisol of 62 pregnant women were sampled during the first trimester, last trimester, and first postpartum month. Oxytocin was assayed using enzyme immunoassay, and free cortisol was calculated. After the infants were born, their interactions with their mothers were observed, and the mothers were interviewed regarding their infant-related thoughts and behaviors. Oxytocin was stable across time, and oxytocin levels at early pregnancy and the postpartum period were related to a clearly defined set of maternal bonding behaviors, including gaze, vocalizations, positive affect, and affectionate touch; to attachment-related thoughts; and to frequent checking of the infant. Across pregnancy and the postpartum period, oxytocin may play a role in the emergence of behaviors and mental representations typical of bonding in the human mother.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy}, issn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Weller, Aron and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna and Levine, Ari} } @article {349, title = {Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children{\textquoteright}s oxytocin response and social reciprocity.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {38}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jun}, pages = {1154-62}, abstract = {

Oxytocin (OT) has an important role in bond formation and social reciprocity, and animal studies indicate that OT functioning is transferred from parent to child through patterns of parental care. Perspectives on attachment suggest that the individual\&$\#$39;s various attachment bonds are underpinned by the oxytocinergic system. However, prospective human studies that demonstrate the cross-generation transfer of OT as mediated by early caregiving and its impact on children\&$\#$39;s multiple attachments are lacking. To address these concerns, the current study included 160 mothers and fathers and their firstborn child who participated in a 3-year longitudinal study. At the first and sixth postpartum months, parents\&$\#$39; plasma OT was assayed, parent-infant interactions were videotaped and micro-coded, and allelic variations on the OXTR(rs2254298, rs1042778) and CD38rs3796863 genes were measured. At 3 years, parents\&$\#$39; and child\&$\#$39;s salivary OT was assessed and children\&$\#$39;s social reciprocity observed during interactions with mother, father, and their first best friend. Parents\&$\#$39; OT levels were individually stable across the 3-year period, correlated with low-risk OXTR and CD38 alleles, and predicted child OT. Child\&$\#$39;s social reciprocity with friend was associated with child OT levels, mother\&$\#$39;s OT-related genes and hormones, and mother-child reciprocity, but not with father\&$\#$39;s genes, hormones, or behavior. A cross-generation gene-by-environment effect emerged, with low child OT levels predicted by the interaction of maternal high-risk CD38 allele and diminished maternal care in infancy. These results demonstrate individual stability in peripheral OT across several years and describe a cross-generation transfer of OT through caregiving in humans within a prospective longitudinal design. Consistent with other mammals, biobehavioral experiences within the parent-infant bond shape children\&$\#$39;s affiliative biology and social behavior across multiple attachments. Our findings bear important implications for conditions involving disruptions to maternal-infant bonding and underscore the potential for peer-based interventions.

}, keywords = {Adult, Alleles, Antigens, CD38, Child, Preschool, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Receptors, Oxytocin, Saliva}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2013.22}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Influs, Moran and Gutbir, Tamar and Ebstein, Richard P} } @article {4506, title = {The nature of the mother{\textquoteright}s tie to her infant: maternal bonding under conditions of proximity, separation, and potential loss}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, year = {1999}, note = {Feldman, R
Weller, A
Leckman, J F
Kuint, J
Eidelman, A I
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
1999/10/06 00:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;40(6):929-39.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {929-39}, abstract = {Attachment has generally been examined from the infant{\textquoteright}s perspective. We focused on mothers{\textquoteright} post-partum thoughts and behaviors. Guided by an ethological approach, maternal bonding was examined under conditions of proximity, separation, and potential loss. Ninety-one mothers were interviewed: mothers of full-term infants who maintained continuous proximity to the infant, mothers of healthy premature infants who were separated from the infant, and mothers of very low birthweight infants who experienced potential loss and prolonged separation. Mothers of term infants reported medium-to-high levels of preoccupations with thoughts of infant safety and well-being. Preoccupations increased with separation (Group 2) and significantly decreased with impending loss (Group 3). Attachment behaviors and representations were the highest among mothers of term infants and declined linearly with the duration of mother-infant separation. Maternal trait anxiety and depression were related respectively to higher levels of preoccupations and reduced attachment behaviors and representations, independent of the infant medical condition and mother-child separation. Discussion focused on the comparability of maternal and infant attachment in relation to the neurobiological system underlying bond formation.}, keywords = {*Anxiety, Separation, *Infant, Premature, *Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, *Mother-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Adult, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Pregnancy}, isbn = {0021-9630 (Print)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Feldman, R. and Weller, A. and Leckman, J. F. and Kuint, J. and Eidelman, A. I.} } @article {177, title = {The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans.}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {669-76}, abstract = {

Animal studies demonstrated that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), implicated in bond formation across mammalian species, is transmitted from mother to young through mechanisms of early social experiences; however, no research has addressed the cross-generation transmission of OT in humans. Fifty-five parents (36 mothers and 19 fathers) engaged in a 15-min interaction with their infants. Baseline plasma OT was sampled from parents and salivary OT was sampled from parents and infants before and after play and analyzed with ELISA methods. Interactions were micro-coded for parent and child\&$\#$39;s socio-affective behavior. Parent and infant\&$\#$39;s salivary OT was individually stable across assessments and showed an increase from pre- to post-interaction. Significant correlations emerged between parental and infant OT at both assessments and higher OT levels in parent and child were related to greater affect synchrony and infant social engagement. Parent-infant affect synchrony moderated the relations between parental and infant OT and the associations between OT in parent and child were stronger under conditions of high affect synchrony. Results demonstrate consistency in the neuroendocrine system supporting bond formation in humans and other mammals and underscore the role of early experience in shaping the cross-generation transmission of social affiliation in humans.

}, keywords = {Adult, Cohort Effect, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Saliva, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-6867}, doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.005}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna} } @article {181, title = {Conflict resolution in the parent-child, marital, and peer contexts and children{\textquoteright}s aggression in the peer group: a process-oriented cultural perspective.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {46}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {310-25}, abstract = {

Theories of socialization propose that children\&$\#$39;s ability to handle conflicts is learned at home through mechanisms of participation and observation-participating in parent-child conflict and observing the conflicts between parents. We assessed modes of conflict resolution in the parent-child, marriage, and peer-group contexts among 141 Israeli and Palestinian families and their 1st-born toddler. We observed the ecology of parent-child conflict during home visits, the couple\&$\#$39;s discussion of marital conflicts, and children\&$\#$39;s conflicts with peers as well as aggressive behavior at child care. Israeli families used more open-ended tactics, including negotiation and disregard, and conflict was often resolved by compromise, whereas Palestinian families tended to consent or object. During marital discussions, Israeli couples showed more emotional empathy, whereas Palestinians displayed more instrumental solutions. Modes of conflict resolution across contexts were interrelated in culture-specific ways. Child aggression was predicted by higher marital hostility, more coparental undermining behavior, and ineffective discipline in both cultures. Greater family compromise and marital empathy predicted lower aggression among Israeli toddlers, whereas more resolution by consent predicted lower aggression among Palestinians. Considering the cultural basis of conflict resolution within close relationships may expand understanding on the roots of aggression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aggression, Child, Child Behavior, Child Care, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Family Conflict, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Peer Group, Play and Playthings, Young Adult}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0018286}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Masalha, Shafiq and Derdikman-Eiron, Ruth} } @article {176, title = {Direct and indirect effects of breast milk on the neurobehavioral and cognitive development of premature infants.}, journal = {Dev Psychobiol}, volume = {43}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Sep}, pages = {109-19}, abstract = {

Eighty-six premature infants were tested to examine the effects of maternal breast milk on infant development. Infants were classified by breast-milk consumption during the hospitalization period (M = 57.4 days) into three groups: those receiving minimal (\<25\% of nutrition), intermediate (25-75\%), and substantial (\>75\%) amounts of breast milk. Infants in the three groups were matched for birth weight, gestational age (GA), medical risk, and family demographics. At 37 weeks GA, mother-infant interaction was videotaped, maternal depression self-reported, and neurobehavioral maturation assessed by the Neonatal Behavior Assessment Seale (Brazelton, 1973). At 6 months corrected age, infants were tested with the Bayley II (Bayley, 1993). Infants receiving substantial amounts of breast milk showed better neurobehavioral profiles-in particular, motor maturity and range of state. These infants also were more alert during social interactions, and their mothers provided more affectionate touch. Higher maternal depression scores were associated with lower quantities of breast milk, longer latencies to the first breast-milk feeding, reduced maternal affectionate touch, and lower infant cognitive skills. Maternal affectionate touch moderated the relations between breast milk and cognitive development, with infants receiving a substantial amount of breast milk and frequent touch scoring the highest. In addition to its nutritional value, breast milk may be related to improved maternal mood and interactive behaviors, thereby indirectly contributing to development in premature infants.

}, keywords = {Brain, Breast Feeding, Child Development, Cognition, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Food, Formulated, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Male, Maternal Behavior, Milk, Human, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers}, issn = {0012-1630}, doi = {10.1002/dev.10126}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Eidelman, Arthur I} } @article {3071, title = {Affiliation buffers stress: cumulative genetic risk in oxytocin-vasopressin genes combines with early caregiving to predict PTSD in war-exposed young children}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {Feldman, R
Vengrober, A
Ebstein, R P
eng
Duplicate Publication
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2014/03/13 06:00
Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Mar 11;4:e370. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.6.}, pages = {e370}, abstract = {Research indicates that risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is shaped by the interaction between genetic vulnerability and early caregiving experiences; yet, caregiving has typically been assessed by adult retrospective accounts. Here, we employed a prospective longitudinal design with real-time observations of early caregiving combined with assessment of genetic liability along the axis of vasopressin-oxytocin (OT) gene pathways to test G x E contributions to PTSD. Participants were 232 young Israeli children (1.5-5 years) and their parents, including 148 living in zones of continuous war and 84 controls. A cumulative genetic risk factor was computed for each family member by summing five risk alleles across three genes (OXTR, CD38 and AVPR1a) previously associated with psychopathology, sociality and caregiving. Child PTSD was diagnosed and mother-child interactions were observed in multiple contexts. In middle childhood (7-8 years), child psychopathology was re-evaluated. War exposure increased propensity to develop Axis-I disorder by threefold: 60\% of exposed children displayed a psychiatric disorder by middle childhood and 62\% of those showed several comorbid disorders. On the other hand, maternal sensitive support reduced risk for psychopathology. G x E effect was found for child genetic risk: in the context of war exposure, greater genetic risk on the vasopressin-OT pathway increased propensity for psychopathology. Among exposed children, chronicity of PTSD from early to middle childhood was related to higher child, maternal and paternal genetic risk, low maternal support and greater initial avoidance symptoms. Child avoidance was predicted by low maternal support and reduced mother-child reciprocity. These findings underscore the saliency of both genetic and behavioral facets of the human affiliation system in shaping vulnerability to PTSD as well as providing an underlying mechanism of post-traumatic resilience.}, keywords = {*Gene-Environment Interaction, *Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Adult, Child, Child Rearing/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations/*psychology, Receptors, Oxytocin/*genetics, Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*etiology/genetics, Warfare}, isbn = {2158-3188 (Electronic)
2158-3188 (Linking)}, author = {Feldman, R. and Vengrober, A. and Ebstein, R. P.} } @article {180, title = {Parent-child and triadic antecedents of children{\textquoteright}s social competence: cultural specificity, shared process.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {46}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {455-67}, abstract = {

Guided by theories of cultural participation, the authors examined mother-child, father-child, and triadic interactive behaviors in 141 Israeli and Palestinian couples and their firstborn child at 5 and 33 months as antecedents of children\&$\#$39;s social competence. Four parent-child measures (parent sensitivity, child social engagement, parental control, dyadic reciprocity) and two family-level measures (cohesion and rigidity) were coded at each age. Children\&$\#$39;s social competence was observed at child-care locations. Cultural differences were observed for parent sensitivity and child social engagement, and the large cultural differences in sensitivity observed in infancy were attenuated by the toddler age. Interactive behaviors correlated with culture-specific parenting practices, child-rearing goals, and sex-role attitudes. Mother-child reciprocity in infancy and child engagement with father and family-level cohesion at both time points predicted social competence. Maternal sensitivity in infancy facilitated social competence only among Israeli children. Paternal control in toddlerhood interfered with Israeli children\&$\#$39;s social functioning but contributed to competence among Palestinians. Results underscore the links between early relational experiences and children\&$\#$39;s adaptation to the social milieu.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Attention, Attitude, Child Care, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Family, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mental Competency, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Social Behavior}, issn = {1939-0599}, doi = {10.1037/a0017415}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Masalha, Shafiq} } @article {3066, title = {Oxytocin and social affiliation in humans}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, note = {Feldman, Ruth
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
2012/01/31 06:00
Horm Behav. 2012 Mar;61(3):380-91. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008. Epub 2012 Jan 20.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {380-91}, abstract = {A conceptual model detailing the process of bio-behavioral synchrony between the online physiological and behavioral responses of attachment partners during social contact is presented as a theoretical and empirical framework for the study of affiliative bonds. Guided by an ethological behavior-based approach, we suggest that micro-level social behaviors in the gaze, vocal, affective, and touch modalities are dynamically integrated with online physiological processes and hormonal response to create dyad-specific affiliations. Studies across multiple attachments throughout life are presented and demonstrate that the extended oxytocin (OT) system provides the neurohormonal substrate for parental, romantic, and filial attachment in humans; that the three prototypes of affiliation are expressed in similar constellations of social behavior; and that OT is stable over time within individuals, is mutually-influencing among partners, and that mechanisms of cross-generation and inter-couple transmission relate to coordinated social behavior. Research showing links between peripheral and genetic markers of OT with concurrent parenting and memories of parental care; between administration of OT to parent and infant{\textquoteright}s physiological readiness for social engagement; and between neuropeptides and the online synchrony of maternal and paternal brain response in social-cognitive and empathy networks support the hypothesis that human attachment develops within the matrix of biological attunement and close behavioral synchrony. The findings have conceptual implications for the study of inter-subjectivity as well as translational implications for the treatment of social disorders originating in early childhood, such as autism spectrum disorders, or those associated with disruptions to early bonding, such as postpartum depression or child abuse and neglect. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Social Behavior.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, Animals, Autistic Disorder/genetics/psychology, Friends, Humans, Love, Maternal Behavior, Object Attachment, Oxytocin/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology, Paternal Behavior}, isbn = {1095-6867 (Electronic)
0018-506X (Linking)}, author = {Feldman, R.} } @article {179, title = {Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {35}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {1133-41}, abstract = {

Animal studies have demonstrated that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays a critical role in processes of parent-infant bonding through mechanisms of early parental care, particularly maternal grooming and contact. Yet, the involvement of OT in human parenting remains poorly understood, no data are available on the role of OT in the development of human fathering, and the links between patterns of parental care and the OT response have not been explored in humans. One hundred and twelve mothers and fathers engaged in a 15-min play-and-contact interaction with their 4-6-month-old infants and interactions were micro-coded for patterns of parental touch. Results showed that baseline levels of plasma and salivary OT in mothers and fathers were similar, OT levels in plasma and saliva were inter-related, and OT was associated with the parent-specific mode of tactile contact. Human mothers who provided high levels of affectionate contact showed an OT increase following mother-infant interaction but such increase was not observed among mothers displaying low levels of affectionate contact. Among fathers, only those exhibiting high levels of stimulatory contact showed an OT increase. These results demonstrate consistency in the neuroendocrine basis of human parental interactions with those seen in other mammals. The findings underscore the need to provide opportunities for paternal care to trigger the biological basis of fatherhood and suggest that interventions that permit social engagement may be recommended in conditions of diminished maternal-infant contact, such as prematurity or postpartum depression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Saliva, Time Factors, Touch, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.01.013}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Schneiderman, Inna and Weisman, Omri and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna} } @article {350, title = {Sensitive parenting is associated with plasma oxytocin and polymorphisms in the OXTR and CD38 genes.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {72}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Aug 1}, pages = {175-81}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Research in mammals has demonstrated the involvement of oxytocin (OT) in social bond formation; yet, its role in human bonding remains unclear. Plasma OT has been used as a proxy for central activity and studies indicate its association with human affiliative behaviors. Molecular genetic studies also reveal a role for OT neuropathways in shaping the social brain. However, the links between peripheral OT, genetic markers, and their combined contribution to human parenting are unknown.

METHODS: Participants included 352 individuals: 272 mothers and fathers and their 4- to 6-month-old-infants and 80 nonparents. Plasma OT was assayed from adults who were genotyped for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and CD38 risk alleles associated with social dysfunctions. CD38 is an ectoenzyme that mediates the release of brain OT. Parent-infant interactions were microcoded for parental touch and gaze synchrony and participants reported on parental care in childhood.

RESULTS: OXTR (rs2254298 and rs1042778) and CD38 (rs3796863) risk alleles were each associated with lower plasma OT. Reduced plasma OT and both OXTR and CD38 risk alleles were related to less parental touch. The interaction of high plasma OT and low-risk CD38 alleles predicted longer durations of parent-infant gaze synchrony. Parents reporting greater parental care showed higher plasma OT, low-risk CD38 alleles, and more touch toward their infants.

CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that peripheral and genetic markers of the extended OT pathway are interrelated and underpin core behaviors associated with human parenting and social engagement. These findings may have important implications for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders marked by early social dysfunctions.

}, keywords = {Adult, Alleles, Antigens, CD38, DNA, Female, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Male, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Oxytocin, Regression Analysis, Risk Assessment, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-2402}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.025}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna and Weisman, Omri and Schneiderman, Inna and Gordon, Ilanit and Maoz, Rina and Shalev, Idan and Ebstein, Richard P} } @article {178, title = {Maternal and paternal plasma, salivary, and urinary oxytocin and parent-infant synchrony: considering stress and affiliation components of human bonding.}, journal = {Dev Sci}, volume = {14}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul}, pages = {752-61}, abstract = {

Studies in mammals have implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in processes of bond formation and stress modulation, yet the involvement of OT in human bonding throughout life remains poorly understood. We assessed OT in the plasma, saliva, and urine of 112 mothers and fathers interacting with their 4-6-month-old infants. Parent-infant interactions were micro-coded for parent and child\&$\#$39;s social behaviors and for the temporal coordination of their socio-affective cues. Parents were interviewed regarding their attachment to the infant and reported on bonding to own parents, romantic attachment, and parenting stress. Results indicated that OT in plasma (pOT) and saliva (sOT) were inter-related and were unrelated to OT in urine (uOT). pOT and sOT in mothers and fathers were associated with parent and child\&$\#$39;s social engagement, affect synchrony, and positive communicative sequences between parent and child. uOT was related to moments of interactive stress among mothers only, indexed by the co-occurrence of infant negative engagement and mother re-engagement attempts. pOT and sOT were associated with mothers\&$\#$39; and fathers\&$\#$39; attachment relationships throughout life: to own parents, partner, and infant, whereas uOT correlated with relationship anxiety and parenting stress among mothers only. Similar to other mammals, OT is involved in human attachment and contingent parenting. The dual role of OT in stress and affiliation underscores its complex involvement in processes of social bonding throughout life.

}, keywords = {Adult, Anxiety, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Love, Male, Mothers, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Saliva, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1467-7687}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01021.x}, author = {Feldman, Ruth and Gordon, Ilanit and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna} } @article {3076, title = {Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, year = {1998}, note = {Felitti, V J
Anda, R F
Nordenberg, D
Williamson, D F
Spitz, A M
Edwards, V
Koss, M P
Marks, J S
eng
TS-44-10/12/TS/ATSDR CDC HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
NETHERLANDS
1998/06/23
Am J Prev Med. 1998 May;14(4):245-58.}, month = {May}, pages = {245-58}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described. METHODS: A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5\%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life. RESULTS: More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported > or = 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P < .001). Persons who had experienced four or more categories of childhood exposure, compared to those who had experienced none, had 4- to 12-fold increased health risks for alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, and suicide attempt; a 2- to 4-fold increase in smoking, poor self-rated health, > or = 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life. CONCLUSIONS: We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.}, keywords = {*Cause of Death, *Child Abuse/statistics \& numerical data, *Family, *Social Problems, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California/epidemiology, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Domestic Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Violence/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0749-3797 (Print)
0749-3797 (Linking)}, author = {Felitti, V. J. and Anda, R. F. and Nordenberg, D. and Williamson, D. F. and Spitz, A. M. and Edwards, V. and Koss, M. P. and Marks, J. S.} } @article {7435, title = {Comparing the reliability and predictive power of child, teacher, and guardian reports of noncognitive skills}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {119}, year = {2022}, month = {Aug-02-2022}, keywords = {Big Five, personality traits, Predictive power, psychological assessment, respondent types}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2113992119}, url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2113992119}, author = {Feng, Shuaizhang and Han, Yujie and Heckman, James J. and Kautz, Tim} } @article {382, title = {Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation: parent and family outcomes.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {117}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Mar}, pages = {781-6}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which the Early Start program of home visitation had beneficial consequences in the areas of maternal health, family functioning, family economic circumstances, and exposure to stress and adversity.

METHODS: The study used a randomized, controlled trial design in which 220 families receiving the Early Start program were contrasted with a control series of 223 families not receiving the program. Families were enrolled in the program after population screening conducted by community health nurses. Families were enrolled in the program for up to 36 months. Outcomes were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after trial entry.

RESULTS: There was a consistent lack of association between maternal and family outcomes and group membership. There were no significant differences between the Early Start and control series in any comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation suggested that the Early Start program failed to lead to parent- and family-related benefits. This absence of benefit for parent/family outcomes is contrasted with the benefits found previously for child-related outcomes, including child health, preschool education, child abuse and neglect, parenting, and behavioral adjustment. This comparison suggests that home visitation programs may provide benefits for child-related outcomes in the absence of parent- or family-related outcomes.

}, keywords = {Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Family Health, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Maternal Welfare, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parenting, Poverty, Social Support, Social Work, Spouse Abuse, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2005-1517}, author = {Fergusson, David M and Grant, Hildegard and Horwood, L John and Ridder, Elizabeth M} } @article {3081, title = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging and the neurobiology of vasopressin and oxytocin}, journal = {Prog Brain ResUnderstanding Emotions}, volume = {170}, year = {2008}, note = {Ferris, Craig F
eng
Netherlands
2008/07/29 09:00
Prog Brain Res. 2008;170:305-20. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00425-1.}, pages = {305-20}, abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess the roles of vasopressin (AVP) in aggressive motivation and oxytocin (OXT) in maternal behaviour. In the case of aggression, male rats are triggered to show the autonomic signs of impending attack behaviour by simulating a resident/intruder conflict in the bore of the magnet during the imaging session. Intraventricular injection of AVP alone causes robust changes in brain activity mirroring many areas selective for AVP receptor binding and overlapped with many of the same areas activated during aggression. Pretreatment with an orally active AVP V1a receptor antagonist blocks aggression in bench-top studies and suppressed the pattern of brain activation caused by the intruder or administration of AVP. These findings using imaging corroborate and extended our understanding of the neural circuitry of aggression and the role of AVP neurotransmission in agonistic motivation. In the case of maternal behaviour, primiparous dams are imaged during nursing with and without OXT receptor blockade. Suckling alone activates many cortical and subcortical areas. Intracerebroventricular injection of OXT stimulates brain activity in areas selective to OXT receptor binding and overlap with many of the same areas activated during pup suckling. Pretreatment with OXT receptor antagonist suppresses the pattern of brain activation caused by suckling or administration of OXT. The data suggest that OXT may strengthen mother-infant bond formation partly by acting through brain areas involved in regulating olfactory discrimination, emotions and reward.}, keywords = {*Motivation, Aggression/*physiology, Amphibians/physiology, Amygdala/physiology, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology, Birds/physiology, Brain/drug effects/*physiology, Cerebral Ventricles/physiology, Female, Fishes/physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods, Male, Mammals/physiology, Maternal Behavior/*physiology, Models, Animal, Oxytocin/*physiology, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Sex Characteristics, Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology, Vasopressins/*physiology}, isbn = {1875-7855 (Electronic)
0079-6123 (Linking)}, author = {Ferris, C. F.} } @article {3086, title = {A Theory of Social Comparison Processes}, journal = {Human Relations}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1954}, month = {May 1, 1954}, pages = {117-140}, author = {Festinger, Leon} } @article {352, title = {Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth: an update.}, journal = {JAMA Pediatr}, volume = {167}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jul}, pages = {614-21}, abstract = {

IMPORTANCE: Because exposure to violence, crime, and abuse has been shown to have serious consequences on child development, physicians and policymakers need to know the kinds of exposure that occur at various developmental stages.

OBJECTIVES: To provide updated estimates of and trends for childhood exposure to a broad range of violence, crime, and abuse victimizations.

DESIGN: The National Survey of Children\&$\#$39;s Exposure to Violence was based on a cross-sectional, US national telephone survey conducted in 2011.

SETTING: Interviews by telephone.

PARTICIPANTS: The experiences of 4503 children and youth aged 1 month to 17 years were assessed by interviews with caregivers and with youth in the case of those aged 10 to 17 years.

RESULTS: Two-fifths (41.2\%) of children and youth experienced a physical assault in the last year, and 1 in 10 (10.1\%) experienced an assault-related injury. Two percent experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the last year, but the rate was 10.7\% for girls aged 14 to 17 years. More than 1 in 10 (13.7\%) experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 3.7\% who experienced physical abuse. Few significant changes could be detected in rates since an equivalent survey in 2008, but declines were documented in peer flashing, school bomb threats, juvenile sibling assault, and robbery and total property victimization.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The variety and scope of children\&$\#$39;s exposure to violence, crime, and abuse suggest the need for better and more comprehensive tools in clinical and research settings for identifying these experiences and their effects.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Bullying, Caregivers, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Peer Group, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States, Violence}, issn = {2168-6211}, doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.42}, author = {Finkelhor, David and Turner, Heather A and Shattuck, Anne and Hamby, Sherry L} } @article {351, title = {Violence, abuse, and crime exposure in a national sample of children and youth.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {124}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1411-23}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to obtain national estimates of exposure to the full spectrum of the childhood violence, abuse, and crime victimizations relevant to both clinical practice and public-policy approaches to the problem.

METHODS: The study was based on a cross-sectional national telephone survey that involved a target sample of 4549 children aged 0 to 17 years.

RESULTS: A clear majority (60.6\%) of the children and youth in this nationally representative sample had experienced at least 1 direct or witnessed victimization in the previous year. Almost half (46.3\%) had experienced a physical assault in the study year, 1 in 4 (24.6\%) had experienced a property offense, 1 in 10 (10.2\%) had experienced a form of child maltreatment, 6.1\% had experienced a sexual victimization, and more than 1 in 4 (25.3\%) had been a witness to violence or experienced another form of indirect victimization in the year, including 9.8\% who had witnessed an intrafamily assault. One in 10 (10.2\%) had experienced a victimization-related injury. More than one third (38.7\%) had been exposed to 2 or more direct victimizations, 10.9\% had 5 or more, and 2.4\% had 10 or more during the study year.

CONCLUSIONS: The scope and diversity of child exposure to victimization is not well recognized. Clinicians and researchers need to inquire about a larger spectrum of victimization types to identify multiply victimized children and tailor prevention and interventions to the full range of threats that children face.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Crime, Crime Victims, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, United States, Violence}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2009-0467}, author = {Finkelhor, David and Turner, Heather and Ormrod, Richard and Hamby, Sherry L} } @article {7272, title = {Nine country profiles highlight the need for greater attention to early childhood development across Europe}, year = {2021}, institution = {First Years First Priority}, keywords = {cross-country analysis, early childhood development, Europe}, url = {https://firstyearsfirstpriority.eu/nine-country-profiles-highlight-the-need-for-greater-attention-to-early-childhood-development-across-europe/?fbclid=IwAR3PLJUTNvacVMF-8ddC2g695eKxYr47Pw-VsdqdR28hKu8XI2jNbcT-NoE}, author = {FirstYearsFirstPriority} } @book {2671, title = {G Is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9781135664954}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=iMiQAgAAQBAJ}, author = {Fisch, S.M. and Truglio, R.T.} } @book {521, title = {Paving the Way: Contributions of Interactive Conflict Resolution to Peacemaking}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Lexington Books}, organization = {Lexington Books}, isbn = {9780739112274}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=BxJLBIbosnMC}, author = {Fisher, R.J.} } @book {520, title = {Interactive Conflict Resolution}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Syracuse University Press}, organization = {Syracuse University Press}, isbn = {9780815627159}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=rwpkb826U24C}, author = {Fisher, R.J.} } @book {519, title = {Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Penguin Publishing Group}, organization = {Penguin Publishing Group}, isbn = {9781101539545}, url = {http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/324551/getting-to-yes-by-roger-fisher/9780143118756/}, author = {Fisher, R. and Ury, W.L. and Patton, B.} } @article {7210, title = {Prenatal attachment: using measurement invariance to test the validity of comparisons across eight culturally diverse countriesAbstract}, journal = {Archives of Women{\textquoteright}s Mental Health}, year = {2021}, month = {Sep-02-2021}, keywords = {Cross-cultural, Lower-middle income, Maternal-fetal attachment, Measurement invariance, Parity, Pregnancy}, issn = {1434-1816}, doi = {10.1007/s00737-021-01105-8}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00737-021-01105-8}, author = {Foley, Sarah and Hughes, Claire and Murray, Aja Louise and Baban, Adriana and Fernando, Asvini D. and Madrid, Bernadette and Osafo, Joseph and Sikander, Siham and Abbasi, Fahad and Walker, Susan and Luong-Thanh, Bao-Yen and Vo, Thang Van and Tomlinson, Mark and Fearon, Pasco and Ward, Catherine L. and Valdebenito, Sara and Eisner, Manuel} } @article {5887, title = {Maternal Interpersonal Trauma and Child Social-Emotional Development: An Intergenerational Effect}, journal = {Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {1365-3016
Folger, Alonzo T
Orcid: 0000-0002-0849-723x
Putnam, Karen T
Putnam, Frank W
Peugh, James L
Eismann, Emily A
Sa, Ting
Shapiro, Robert A
Van Ginkel, Judith B
Ammerman, Robert T
R01 MH087499/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2017 Mar;31(2):99-107. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12341. Epub 2017 Jan 31.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {99-107}, edition = {2017/02/01}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that maternal interpersonal trauma can adversely affect offspring health, but little is known about potential transmission pathways. We investigated whether interpersonal trauma exposure had direct and indirect associations with offspring social-emotional development at 12-months of age in an at-risk, home visited population. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 1172 mother-child dyads who participated in a multi-site, early childhood home visiting program. Children were born January 2007 to June 2010 and data were collected at enrolment (prenatal/birth) through 12-months of age. Multivariable path analyses were used to examine the relationship between maternal interpersonal trauma, subsequent psychosocial mediators (maternal depressive symptoms, social support, and home environment), and the outcome of child social-emotional development measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE). Maternal interpersonal trauma was characterized as any previous exposure, the level of exposure, and type (e.g. abuse) of exposure. RESULTS: The prevalence of maternal interpersonal trauma exposure was 69.1\%, and exposures ranged from 1 type (19.3\%) to 7 types (2.3\%). Interpersonal trauma was associated with a 3.6 point (95\% confidence interval 1.8, 5.4) higher ASQ:SE score among offspring and indicated greater developmental risk. An estimated 23.4\% of the total effect was mediated by increased maternal depressive symptoms and lower social support. Differential effects were observed by the level and type of interpersonal trauma exposure. CONCLUSION: Maternal interpersonal trauma exposures can negatively impact child social-emotional development, acting in part through maternal psychosocial factors. Future research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of intergenerational risk.}, keywords = {*depression, *Emotions, *home visiting, *Interpersonal Relations, *maternal interpersonal trauma, *Social Support, *social-emotional development, Child, Depression/psychology, Developmental Disabilities/*psychology, exposure to violence, Female, Humans, Maternal Exposure, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers/psychology, Psychological Trauma/*psychology, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult}, isbn = {0269-5022}, doi = {10.1111/ppe.12341}, author = {Folger, A. T. and Putnam, K. T. and Putnam, F. W. and Peugh, J. L. and Eismann, E. A. and Sa, T. and Shapiro, R. A. and Van Ginkel, J. B. and Ammerman, R. T.} } @article {5727, title = {Empathy in neuroscience and practice - A report from the conference of "Empathy neuroscience: Translational relevance to conflict transformation"}, year = {2017}, keywords = {conflict transformation, Empathy, neuroscience}, url = {http://www.fondazionechild.it/layout/upload/State_of_Mind_Article[1].pdf}, author = {FondazioneChild} } @article {7228, title = {Violence against children in the time of COVID-19: What we have learned, what remains unknown and the opportunities that lie ahead}, journal = {Child Abuse \& Neglect}, volume = {116}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-06-2021}, pages = {104776}, keywords = {children, COVID-19, pandemic, violence exposure}, issn = {01452134}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104776}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0145213420304312}, author = {Fore, Henrietta H.} } @article {6245, title = {UK Chief Medical Officers{\textquoteright} Physical Activity Guidelines}, year = {2019}, institution = {Gov.UK}, keywords = {Health, physical activity}, url = {https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/832868/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf}, author = {Foster, C} } @article {3371, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/education-and-social-cohesion-country-report-south-africa}, author = {K. Foulds and Yusuf Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and W. Sirkotte-Kriel and C. Garisch and J. Gaston} } @article {353, title = {How the timing and quality of early experiences influence the development of brain architecture.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan-Feb}, pages = {28-40}, abstract = {

Early life events can exert a powerful influence on both the pattern of brain architecture and behavioral development. In this study a conceptual framework is provided for considering how the structure of early experience gets \"under the skin.\" The study begins with a description of the genetic framework that lays the foundation for brain development, and then proceeds to the ways experience interacts with and modifies the structures and functions of the developing brain. Much of the attention is focused on early experience and sensitive periods, although it is made clear that later experience also plays an important role in maintaining and elaborating this early wiring diagram, which is critical to establishing a solid footing for development beyond the early years.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Brain, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Critical Period (Psychology), Humans, Psychoanalytic Theory, Time Factors}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x}, author = {Fox, Sharon E and Levitt, Pat and Nelson, Charles A} } @inbook {5662, title = {The problem of institutionalization of young children and its consequences for efforts to build peaceful societies}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {145 - 160}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {9}, abstract = {Institutionalization of children is a worldwide problem. The consequences of these deprived early experiences have been known for some time. Indeed, neuroscientists have long been aware of the effects of early adverse experience, particularly profound deprivation, on the developing brain. However, the majority of work to date has focused on examining the effects of experience on brain and brain development in rodents and nonhuman primates. In a rigorous attempt to examine how profound early neglect impacts the course of human development, we designed the Bucharest Early Intervention Project. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project is the first randomized controlled trial of family care intervention on young children institutionalized in infancy. The study is unique in that it includes measures of brain structure and function. Results suggest that early psychosocial deprivation has profound effects on gray matter structure that do not appear to remediate, although subtle intervention effects were observed for white matter volume. EEG activity was significantly affected by early psychosocial deprivation, but there appeared to be remediation of this functioning by the time children were eight years old and had spent close to six or seven years in families. The data from this project argue for changes in the manner in which societies address abandoned children. An important step toward building just and peaceful societies is to provide family-type care for young children instead of institutional life, as being raised in a family1 greatly (p.146) enhances a child{\textquoteright}s skills in emotion regulation. The link to peaceful societies is through these processes.}, keywords = {brain development, early childhood interventions, Institutionalization, regulation of emotions}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0009}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Fox, Nathan A. and Nelson, Charles A. and Zeanah, Charles H.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {6094, title = {Experiences of Community Youth Leaders in a Youth-Led Early Childhood Education Program in Rural Pakistan}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {227}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-04-2019}, pages = {113 - 120}, issn = {2190-8370}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000362}, url = {https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000362}, author = {Franchett, Emily E. and Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Rasheed, Muneera A. and Siyal, Saima and Reyes, Chin R. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica} } @article {4711, title = {"We would never forget who we are": resettlement, cultural negotiation, and family relationships among Somali Bantu refugees}, journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {26}, number = {11}, year = {2017}, note = {Frounfelker, Rochelle L
Assefa, Mehret T
Smith, Emily
Hussein, Aweis
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
U01 MD010613/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
Germany
2017/05/06 06:00
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Nov;26(11):1387-1400. doi: 10.1007/s00787-017-0991-1. Epub 2017 May 4.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1387-1400}, abstract = {Somali refugees are resettling in large numbers in the US, but little is known about the Somali Bantu, an ethnic minority within this population. Refugee youth mental health is linked to the functioning of the larger family unit. Understanding how the process of culturally adjusting to life after resettlement relates to family functioning can help identify what kind of interventions might strengthen families and lead to better mental health outcomes for youth. This paper seeks to address the following research questions: (1) How do different groups of Somali Bantu refugees describe their experiences of culturally adapting to life in the US?; and (2) How, if at all, do processes of cultural adaptation in a new country affect Somali Bantu family functioning? We conducted 14 focus groups with a total of 81 Somali Bantu refugees in New England. Authors analyzed focus groups using principles of thematic analysis to develop codes and an overarching theoretical model about the relationship between cultural adaptation, parent-child relationships, and family functioning. Views and expectations of parent-child relationships were compared between Somali Bantu youth and adults. Cultural negotiation was dependent upon broader sociocultural contexts in the United States that were most salient to the experience of the individual. Adult and youth participants had conflicting views around negotiating Somali Bantu culture, which often led to strained parent-child relationships. In contrast, youth sibling relationships were strengthened, as they turned to each other for support in navigating the process of cultural adaptation.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cultural negotiation, Emigration and Immigration/*trends, Family Relations/*psychology, Family relationships, Female, Humans, Male, Negotiating, Refugees, Refugees/*psychology, Resettlement, Somali Bantu, Somalia, United States, Young Adult, Youth mental health}, isbn = {1435-165X (Electronic)
1018-8827 (Linking)}, author = {Frounfelker, R. L. and Assefa, M. T. and Smith, E. and Hussein, A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @inbook {5551, title = {Group identity as an obstacle and catalyst of peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, year = {2014}, pages = {79-92}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, edition = {15}, chapter = {6}, abstract = {Social identity is not only an obstacle to peace; it can also be engaged to advance peace, such as when children are raised to develop multiple and cross-cutting forms of identification. This chapter considers the evidence that nomadic forager band social organization is not particularly conducive to the formation of hostile {\textquotedblleft}us versus them{\textquotedblright} social identities and that, consequently, {\textquotedblleft} us versus them{\textquotedblright} distinctions have only become strongly manifested with the development of more complex forms of social organization (e.g., tribes, kingdoms, nations) within the last 12,500 years or so. Such a proposition highlights the malleability of the concept of identity and contradicts the school of thought that sees {\textquotedblleft}us versus them{\textquotedblright} identity formation as a long-standing innate tendency. This chapter will also consider how social identity can contribute to peace when it is employed in inclusive and unifying ways, in contrast to exclusionary and dehumanizing ways. This occurs, for example, within non-warring peace systems, when additional overarching identities are developed in the service of peace. In terms of promoting peace and inclusive social identities during childhood, it is suggested that explicitly teaching global citizenship can contribute to raising a peaceful world.}, keywords = {childhood development, global citizenship, non-warring peace systems, social identity, social organization}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0006}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {D. P. Fry}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @book {2676, title = {War, Peace, and Human Nature: The Convergence of Evolutionary and Cultural Views}, year = {2013}, publisher = {OUP USA}, organization = {OUP USA}, isbn = {9780199858996}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=YtwSz2A12e8C}, author = {Fry, D.P.} } @article {6514, title = {Webinar Tiempo de cuidarnos: volver a ser ni{\~n}os y ni{\~n}as.}, year = {2020}, publisher = { Fundaci{\'o}n CINDE}, abstract = {

In alliance with the Comfenalco compensation fund, our Master\&$\#$39;s Program in Early Childhood: Education and Development leads this webinar that invites you to enjoy time with the boys and girls who, due to current contingencies, must stay home.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education, Parenting}, url = {https://youtu.be/37XXXFbXCgU}, author = {Fundaci{\'o}nCINDE} } @book {5965, title = {Parenting Matters}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, isbn = {978-0-309-38854-2}, doi = {10.17226/21868}, url = {https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21868}, editor = {Gadsden, Vivian L. and Ford, Morgan and Breiner, Heather} } @article {667, title = {Violence, Peace, and Peace Research}, journal = {Journal of Peace Research}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, year = {1969}, pages = {167-191}, publisher = {Sage Publications, Ltd.}, isbn = {00223433}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/422690}, author = {Galtung, J.} } @article {5888, title = {Violence, peace and peace research}, journal = {J Peace ResJ Peace Res}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, year = {1969}, pages = {167-191}, keywords = {Humans, peacefulness, Peacetime, Police, Social Justice, Social order, Social structures, Urban violence, Violence, Violent extremism}, author = {Galtung, J.} } @book {522, title = {Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization}, year = {1996}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, organization = {SAGE Publications}, isbn = {9780803975118}, url = {https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/peace-by-peaceful-means/book202692}, author = {Galtung, J. and International Peace Research Institute} } @article {354, title = {Implication of sperm RNAs in transgenerational inheritance of the effects of early trauma in mice.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {17}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 May}, pages = {667-9}, abstract = {

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are potential vectors at the interface between genes and environment. We found that traumatic stress in early life altered mouse microRNA (miRNA) expression, and behavioral and metabolic responses in the progeny. Injection of sperm RNAs from traumatized males into fertilized wild-type oocytes reproduced the behavioral and metabolic alterations in the resulting offspring.

}, keywords = {Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cell Line, Tumor, Dark Adaptation, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Intake, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Maze Learning, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MicroRNAs, Oocytes, Reaction Time, RNA, Small Interfering, RNA, Small Untranslated, Spermatozoa, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.3695}, author = {Gapp, Katharina and Jawaid, Ali and Sarkies, Peter and Bohacek, Johannes and Pelczar, Pawel and Prados, Julien and Farinelli, Laurent and Miska, Eric and Mansuy, Isabelle M} } @article {6119, title = {Infant Language Production and Parenting Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Behavior Therapy}, volume = {50}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-05-2019}, pages = {544 - 557}, issn = {00057894}, doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2018.09.003}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000578941830114X?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Garcia, Dainelys and Rodriquez, Gabriela M. and Hill, Ryan M. and Lorenzo, Nicole E. and Bagner, Daniel M.} } @article {7434, title = {Boosting Intergenerational Mobility: The Lasting Effects of Early Childhood Education on Skills and Social Mobility }, year = {2022}, publisher = {Heckman}, keywords = {Early childhood education, Perry Preschool program}, url = {https://heckmanequation.org/www/assets/2021/11/F_Heckman_Perry-2021_OnePager_092321.pdf?utm_source=The+Heckman+Equation\&utm_campaign=e7d978d77c-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_23_01_40_COPY_01\&utm_medium=email\&utm_term=0_861cad7111-e7d978d77c-456846769}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a, J.L. and Heckman, J.J. and Ronda, V.} } @article {6797, title = {Quantifying the Life-Cycle Benefits of an Influential Early-Childhood Program}, journal = {Journal of Political Economy}, year = {2020}, month = {Sep-05-2021}, pages = {000 - 000}, keywords = {early childhood programs, Economics}, issn = {0022-3808}, doi = {10.1086/705718}, url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/705718}, author = {Garc{\'\i}a, Jorge Luis and Heckman, James J. and Leaf, Duncan Ermini and Prados, Mar{\'\i}a Jos{\'e}} } @book {523, title = {Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Basic Books}, organization = {Basic Books}, isbn = {9780465024346}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=2IEfFSYouKUC}, author = {Gardner, H.} } @article {3381, title = {To what extent can evidence-based parenting interventions be transported from one country to another? A systematic review.}, year = {Submitted}, author = {F. Gardner and W. Knerr and P. Montgomery and K. Sundell} } @book {524, title = {Education for a Civil Society: How Guidance Teaches Young Children Democratic Life Skills}, year = {2012}, publisher = {NAEYC}, organization = {NAEYC}, isbn = {9781928896876}, url = {http://www.naeyc.org/books/education_for_a_civil_society}, author = {Gartrell, D.} } @article {5031, title = {The effects of antipoverty programs on children{\textquoteright}s cumulative level of poverty-related risk}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {42}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, note = {Gassman-Pines, Anna
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
F31-MH70128/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/11/08 09:00
Dev Psychol. 2006 Nov;42(6):981-99. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.981.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {981-99}, abstract = {The authors examined the effects of antipoverty programs on children{\textquoteright}s cumulative poverty-related risk and the relationship between cumulative poverty-related risk and child outcomes among low-income families. Samples included 419 children ages 3-10 years in the New Hope program and 759 children ages 2-9 years in the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP), which tested 2 program approaches. Nine poverty-related risks made up the measure of cumulative risk. Both MFIP program approaches reduced cumulative poverty-related risk. New Hope reduced cumulative poverty-related risk among long-term welfare recipients. In both New Hope and MFIP, significant linear relationships between cumulative poverty-related risk and parent-reported behavior problems and school achievement were found. Cumulative poverty-related risk partially mediated the impacts of the MFIP programs on children{\textquoteright}s behavior problems. Among long-term welfare recipients, cumulative poverty-related risk partially mediated New Hope{\textquoteright}s impact on parent-reported school achievement.}, keywords = {*Risk, *Social Support, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/etiology/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Employment, Female, Health Services Accessibility/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Male, Poverty/*prevention \& control, Predictive Value of Tests, Public Policy, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {0012-1649 (Print)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Gassman-Pines, A. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5026, title = {Maternal education preferences moderate the effects of mandatory employment and education programs on child positive and problem behaviors}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {Gassman-Pines, Anna
Godfrey, Erin B
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
P2C HD065563/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R24 HD065563/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
F31 MH082535/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
F31 MH070128/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
F31-MH082535/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
F31-MH070128/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2012/08/07 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Jan-Feb;84(1):198-208. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01832.x. Epub 2012 Aug 3.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {198-208}, abstract = {Grounded in person-environment fit theory, this study examined whether low-income mothers{\textquoteright} preferences for education moderated the effects of employment- and education-focused welfare programs on children{\textquoteright}s positive and problem behaviors. The sample included 1,365 families with children between ages 3 and 5 years at study entry. Results 5 years after random assignment, when children were ages 8-10 years, indicated that mothers{\textquoteright} education preferences did moderate program impacts on teacher-reported child behavior problems and positive behavior. Children whose mothers were assigned to the education program were rated by teachers to have less externalizing behavior and more positive behavior than children whose mothers were assigned to the employment program but only when mothers had strong preferences for education.}, keywords = {*Child Behavior, *Education, *Mandatory Programs, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*psychology, Choice Behavior, Educational Status, Employment/*psychology, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Mothers/*psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Random Allocation, Social Security, United States}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Gassman-Pines, A. and Godfrey, E. B. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {7283, title = {The voices of children in the global health debate}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {395}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-02-2020}, pages = {541 - 542}, keywords = {children, Global Health}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30364-0}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673620303640}, author = {Gatera, Grace and Pavarini, Gabriela} } @article {5491, title = {Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {390}, number = {10100}, year = {2017}, note = {eng
MC_UU_12017/13/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
R01 MH110163/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 AI043596/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
U01 AI096299/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
P30 AG047845/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
D43 TW009775/TW/FIC NIH HHS/
SPHSU13/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom
R01 HD084233/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD087993/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
SPHSU15/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom
U54 HG007479/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/
SCAF/15/02/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom
MR/K013351/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
R01 AI124389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
MC_UU_12017/15/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
CDF-2011-04-048/Department of Health/United Kingdom
P01 AG041710/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
R01 AI112339/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
England
2017/09/19 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1084-1150. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31833-0.}, month = {Sep 16}, pages = {1084-1150}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5\% and where VR systems were less than 65\% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28\% in 1970 to a peak of 45\% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95\% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. INTERPRETATION: Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled. FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {GBDMortalityCollaborators} } @article {3166, title = {What Ministries Can Do to Protect Education from Attack and Schools from Military Use A Menu of Actions}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/what_ministries.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {3161, title = {Protecting Education Personnel from Targeted Attack in Conflict-Affected Countries}, year = {2014}, url = {http://protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/protecting_education_personnel.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {3156, title = {The Role of Communities in Protecting Education from Attack: Lessons Learned}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/the_role_of_communities_in_protecting_education_from_attack.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {3151, title = {A Summary of: Education Under Attack 2014}, year = {2014}, url = {http://protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/eua_2014_full_0.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {3201, title = {What Schools Can Do to Protect Education from Attack and Military Use}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.protectingeducation.org/sites/default/files/documents/what_schools.pdf}, author = {GCPEA and Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack} } @article {6203, title = {Studying perceived needs for information on maternal and infant health care in the puerperium period among fathers of newborns in China}, journal = {Midwifery}, volume = {78}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-11-2019}, pages = {32 - 41}, keywords = {Fathers of newborns, Perceived need for information on maternal and infant healthcare;China, Puerperium}, issn = {02666138}, doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2019.07.002}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613819301792$\#$!}, author = {Ge, Binqian and Wan, Shen-xian and Li, Hui-ling and Shen, Qian and Wang, Wei and MO, Yuanyuan and Kelly, Brian C. and Wang, Ji-chuan} } @article {6488, title = {Brain Matters. A ground-breaking documentary on the critical nature of the early years of life}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Genesis Foundation}, abstract = {

}, url = {https://brainmattersfilm.com/}, author = {GenesisFoundation} } @article {7393, title = {Reflections on Gender, Patriarchy, and Peace: Results from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) in Afghanistan}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Promundo-US, UN Women, and Global Affairs Canada}, address = {Washington D.C.}, keywords = {Conflict Prevention, Economic Participation, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV), Violent Conflict}, url = {https://giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/reflections-on-gender-patriarchy-and-peace-results-from-the-international-men-and-gender-equality-survey-images-in-afghanistan/}, author = {Gere{\v s}, N. and Heilman, B. and Hashimi, S.I. and Kakar, R. and Kelberg, M. and Hakobyan, L. and El Feki, S. and Barker, G.} } @article {7442, title = {Effect of the Jamaica Early Childhood Stimulation Intervention on Labor Market Outcomes at Age 31}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)}, keywords = {early childhood development, Jamaican Study, Labor Market Outcomes}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w29292}, author = {Gertler, P. and Heckman, J.J. and Pinto, R. and Chang, S.M. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Vermeersch, C. and Walker, S. and Wright, A.} } @article {5889, title = {Labor market returns to an early childhood stimulation intervention in Jamaica}, journal = {Science}, volume = {344}, number = {6187}, year = {2014}, note = {1095-9203
Gertler, Paul
Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
Zanolini, Arianna
Vermeersch, Christel
Walker, Susan
Chang, Susan M
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD54702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):998-1001. doi: 10.1126/science.1251178.}, month = {May 30}, pages = {998-1001}, edition = {2014/05/31}, abstract = {A substantial literature shows that U.S. early childhood interventions have important long-term economic benefits. However, there is little evidence on this question for developing countries. We report substantial effects on the earnings of participants in a randomized intervention conducted in 1986-1987 that gave psychosocial stimulation to growth-stunted Jamaican toddlers. The intervention consisted of weekly visits from community health workers over a 2-year period that taught parenting skills and encouraged mothers and children to interact in ways that develop cognitive and socioemotional skills. The authors reinterviewed 105 out of 129 study participants 20 years later and found that the intervention increased earnings by 25\%, enough for them to catch up to the earnings of a nonstunted comparison group identified at baseline (65 out of 84 participants).}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Developing Countries/*statistics \& numerical data, Early Intervention (Education)/*statistics \& numerical data, Emotions, Employment/*economics/trends, Female, Humans, Infant, Jamaica, Male, Mother-Child Relations/*psychology, Parenting/psychology, Psychology, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult}, isbn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1251178}, author = {Gertler, P. and Heckman, J. and Pinto, R. and Zanolini, A. and Vermeersch, C. and Walker, S. and Chang, S. M. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {6160, title = {A Qualitative Study of Mechanisms Underlying Effects of a Parenting Intervention in Rural Liberia}, journal = {The European Journal of Development Research}, volume = {29}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-11-2017}, pages = {964 - 982}, keywords = {harsh discipline, Liberia, Parenting, young children}, issn = {0957-8811}, doi = {10.1057/s41287-017-0101-8}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41287-017-0101-8}, author = {Giusto, Ali and Friis, Elsa and Sim, Amanda L. and Chase, Rhea M. and Zayzay, John O. and Green, Eric and Puffer, Eve} } @article {5036, title = {Caseworker-recipient interaction: welfare office differences, economic trajectories, and child outcomes}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, note = {Godfrey, Erin B
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2011/12/21 06:00
Child Dev. 2012 Jan-Feb;83(1):382-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01697.x. Epub 2011 Dec 19.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {382-98}, abstract = {Drawing on developmental and policy research, this study examined whether 3 dimensions of caseworker-recipient interaction in welfare offices functioned as critical ecological contexts for recipient families. The sample consisted of 1,098 families from 10 welfare offices in National Evaluation of Welfare to Work Strategies (NEWWS). In multilevel analyses, caseworker support, caseload size, and emphasis on employment predicted 5-year quarterly trajectories of earnings, income, and welfare receipt. Recipients in offices characterized by high support had steeper increases in earnings and income; those in offices with high caseload size had steeper decreases in income and welfare receipt; and those in offices with high emphasis on employment had steeper decreases in welfare receipt. These economic trajectories were associated with children{\textquoteright}s reading and math achievement and internalizing behavior at ages 8-10.}, keywords = {*Goals, *Outcome Assessment (Health Care), *Professional-Patient Relations, Achievement, Adult, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/economics, California, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/economics/therapy, Child Welfare/*economics, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Income, Internal-External Control, Male, Models, Statistical, Rehabilitation, Vocational/economics, Social Support, Social Welfare/*economics, Social Work/*economics, Statistics as Topic, United States, Vocational Education/economics, Workload}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Godfrey, E. B. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6489, title = {Early Childhood Development in the Global South}, journal = {Journal of the British Academy}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/JBA-8s2-Early-Childhood-Development-in-the-Global-South.pdf}, author = {Goldhill, S and Lewis, P} } @article {668, title = {Medical humanitarianism: Research insights in a changing field of practice Introduction}, journal = {Social Science \& MedicineSocial Science \& MedicineSocial Science \& Medicine}, volume = {120}, year = {2014}, note = {At8ju
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:60}, month = {Nov}, pages = {311-316}, keywords = {agency, conflict, health-care, im/migrants, ngos, Refugees, tel-aviv, Violence}, isbn = {0277-9536}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.027}, author = {Good, B. J. and Good, M. J. D. and Abramowitz, S. and Kleinman, A. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {187, title = {Prolactin, Oxytocin, and the development of paternal behavior across the first six months of fatherhood.}, journal = {Horm Behav}, volume = {58}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {513-8}, abstract = {

Animal studies have implicated the neuropeptides Prolactin (PRL) and Oxytocin (OT) in processes of maternal bonding and PRL has similarly been shown to play a role in the neurophysiology of fatherhood. Yet, very little is known on the involvement of PRL and OT in human fathering. Forty-three fathers and their firstborn infant were seen twice: in the second and sixth postpartum months. Paternal plasma PRL and OT were sampled at both time-points and analyzed with ELISA methods. At six months fathers were videotaped interacting with their child in social and exploratory play contexts and interactions were micro-analyzed for father-infant Affect Synchrony and father facilitation of child toy exploration. PRL and OT showed high individual stability across time and were correlated at the second observation. PRL was related to father-infant Coordinated Exploratory Play in the toy context whereas OT was associated with father-infant Affect Synchrony in the social context. Results point to the role of PRL and OT in the development of human fathering and underscore their differential relations with patterns of paternal care.

}, keywords = {Adult, Father-Child Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Oxytocin, Paternal Behavior, Play and Playthings, Prolactin, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-6867}, doi = {10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.04.007}, author = {Gordon, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {186, title = {Oxytocin, cortisol, and triadic family interactions.}, journal = {Physiol Behav}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Dec 2}, pages = {679-84}, abstract = {

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) supports the development of parenting in mammals primarily through its impact on parent-infant proximity and touch behaviors; however, much less is known about the links between OT and parental touch and contact in humans. In this study, we examined the relations between maternal and paternal OT and patterns of touch and contact in the family unit during triadic interactions. Thirty-seven parents and their firstborn child were seen twice: during the 2nd and 6th postpartum month. Plasma OT and salivary cortisol (CT) were assessed with ELISA methods. At six months, triadic mother-father-infant interactions were videotaped and micro-coded for patterns of proximity, touch, and gaze behavior. Triadic synchrony, defined as moments of coordination between physical proximity and affectionate touch between the parents as well as between parent and infant while both parent and child are synchronizing their social gaze, was predicted by both maternal and paternal OT. Among mothers, triadic synchrony was also independently related to lower levels of CT. Results highlight the role of OT in the early formation of the family unit at the transition to parenthood.

}, keywords = {Adult, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Male, Oxytocin, Parenting, Saliva, Touch}, issn = {1873-507X}, doi = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.008}, author = {Gordon, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {185, title = {Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {68}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug 15}, pages = {377-82}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: The nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) has been repeatedly implicated in processes of parent-infant bonding in animal models; yet, its role in the development of human parenting has received less attention and no research has addressed the involvement of OT in the transition to fatherhood.

METHODS: Using a prospective longitudinal design, 160 cohabitating mothers and fathers and their firstborn infant were visited at home during the first postpartum weeks and again at 6 months postpartum. Mothers\&$\#$39; and fathers\&$\#$39; plasma OT was analyzed at each time point with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Interactions between each parent and the infant were observed in the postpartum and microcoded for parenting behavior.

RESULTS: Overall, parental OT increased across the study period and there were no differences between maternal and paternal OT at each time point. Oxytocin showed high intraindividual stability across the first 6 months of parenting and the OT levels of husband and wife were interrelated at both assessments. Maternal OT was related to the amount of affectionate parenting behaviors, including \"motherese\" vocalizations, the expression of positive affect, and affectionate touch, whereas paternal OT correlated with the degree of stimulatory parenting behaviors, including proprioceptive contact, tactile stimulation, and object presentation.

CONCLUSIONS: Results are the first to describe plasma OT levels in new fathers and mothers across the transition to parenthood in relation to maternal and paternal typical parenting behaviors. These data may provide a normative basis for the study of parenting under conditions of high risk.

}, keywords = {Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maternal Behavior, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Paternal Behavior, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Sex Factors}, issn = {1873-2402}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.005}, author = {Gordon, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {184, title = {Oxytocin and cortisol in romantically unattached young adults: associations with bonding and psychological distress.}, journal = {Psychophysiology}, volume = {45}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May}, pages = {349-52}, abstract = {

Despite extensive research on the involvement of oxytocin (OT) in mammalian bonding, less is known about its role in human social affiliation across the life cycle. Forty-five romantically unattached young adults participated. Plasma oxytocin and salivary cortisol were assessed using enzyme immuno-assay, and self-report measures of bonding, attachment, anxiety, and depression were collected. Oxytocin was associated with bonding to own parents and inversely related to psychological distress, particularly depressive symptoms. Cortisol was related to attachment anxiety. Regression analysis indicated that the adult\&$\#$39;s representations of bonding to parents predicted OT levels above and beyond cortisol, psychological distress, and attachment. Findings are consistent with antistress models of oxytocin and suggest that oxytocin may play a role in bonding-related cognitions across the life span.

}, keywords = {Adult, Family, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Regression Analysis, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0048-5772}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00649.x}, author = {Gordon, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Schneiderman, I. and Leckman, J. F. and Weller, A. and Feldman, R.} } @article {355, title = {From attachment to groups: tapping into the neurobiology of our interconnectedness.}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {53}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Feb}, pages = {130-2}, keywords = {Animals, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Object Attachment}, issn = {1527-5418}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.012}, author = {Gordon, I. and Leckman, J. F. and Berg, D. N.} } @article {183, title = {Oxytocin and social motivation.}, journal = {Dev Cogn Neurosci}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Oct}, pages = {471-93}, abstract = {

Humans are fundamentally social creatures who are {\textquoteleft}motivated{\textquoteright} to be with others. In this review we examine the role of oxytocin (OT) as it relates to social motivation. OT is synthesized in the brain and throughout the body, including in the heart, thymus, gastrointestinal tract, as well as reproductive organs. The distribution of the OT receptor (OTR) system in both the brain and periphery is even more far-reaching and its expression is subject to changes over the course of development. OTR expression is also sensitive to changes in the external environment and the internal somatic world. The OT system functions as an important element within a complex, developmentally sensitive biobehavioral system. Other elements include sensory inputs, the salience, reward, and threat detection pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response axis. Despite an ever expanding scientific literature, key unresolved questions remain concerning the interplay of the central and peripheral components of this complex biobehavioral system that dynamically engages the brain and the body as humans interact with social partners over the course of development.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, Humans, Motivation, Oxytocin, Receptors, Oxytocin, Social Behavior}, issn = {1878-9307}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcn.2011.07.007}, author = {Gordon, I. and Martin, C. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {6258, title = {Breaking the silence on early child care and education costs}, year = {2019}, institution = {Economic Policy Institute}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {children, Cost of Child Care, early childhood, Education, Teacher pay, Wages}, url = {https://www.epi.org/publication/breaking-the-silence-on-early-child-care-and-education-costs-a-values-based-budget-for-children-parents-and-teachers-in-california/}, author = {Gould, E. and Whitebook, M. and Mokhiber, Z. and Austin, L.J.E.} } @article {5391, title = {Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {369}, number = {9555}, year = {2007}, note = {Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Cheung, Yin Bun
Cueto, Santiago
Glewwe, Paul
Richter, Linda
Strupp, Barbara
eng
068599/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
England
2007/01/09 09:00
Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):60-70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4.}, month = {Jan 6}, pages = {60-70}, abstract = {Many children younger than 5 years in developing countries are exposed to multiple risks, including poverty, malnutrition, poor health, and unstimulating home environments, which detrimentally affect their cognitive, motor, and social-emotional development. There are few national statistics on the development of young children in developing countries. We therefore identified two factors with available worldwide data--the prevalence of early childhood stunting and the number of people living in absolute poverty--to use as indicators of poor development. We show that both indicators are closely associated with poor cognitive and educational performance in children and use them to estimate that over 200 million children under 5 years are not fulfilling their developmental potential. Most of these children live in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. These disadvantaged children are likely to do poorly in school and subsequently have low incomes, high fertility, and provide poor care for their children, thus contributing to the intergenerational transmission of poverty.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, *Poverty, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition/*classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/*etiology, Educational Status, Female, Growth Disorders/*complications, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Grantham-McGregor, S. and Cheung, Y. B. and Cueto, S. and Glewwe, P. and Richter, L. and Strupp, B. and International Child Development Steering, Group} } @article {357, title = {Effects of early childhood supplementation with and without stimulation on later development in stunted Jamaican children.}, journal = {Am J Clin Nutr}, volume = {66}, year = {1997}, month = {1997 Aug}, pages = {247-53}, abstract = {

It is not known whether nutritional supplementation in early childhood has long-term benefits on stunted children\&$\#$39;s mental development. We followed up 127 7-8-y old children who had been stunted in early childhood and received supplementation, stimulation, or both. At 9-24 mo of age, the children had been randomly assigned to four treatment groups: nutritional supplementation, stimulation, both treatments, and control. After 2 y, supplementation and stimulation had independent benefits on the children\&$\#$39;s development and the effects were additive. The group receiving both treatments caught up to a matched group of 32 nonstunted children. Four years after the end of the 2-y intervention 97\% of the children were given a battery of cognitive function, school achievement, and fine motor tests. An additional 52 nonstunted children were included. Factor analyses of the test scores produced three factors: general cognitive, perceptual-motor, and memory. One, the perceptual-motor factor, showed a significant benefit from stimulation, and supplementation benefited only those children whose mothers had higher verbal intelligence quotients. However, each intervention group had higher scores than the control subjects on more tests than would be expected by chance (supplemented and both groups on 14 of 15 tests, P = 0.002; stimulated group in 13 of 15 tests, P = 0.01), suggesting a very small global benefit. There was no longer an additive effect of combined treatments at the end of the intervention. The stunted control group had significantly lower scores than the nonstunted children on most tests. Stunted children\&$\#$39;s heights and head circumferences on enrollment significantly predicted intelligence quotient at follow-up.

}, keywords = {Anthropometry, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Food, Fortified, Humans, Infant, Intelligence, Intervention Studies, Jamaica, Questionnaires}, issn = {0002-9165}, author = {Grantham-McGregor, S M and Walker, S P and Chang, S M and Powell, C A} } @article {356, title = {A home-visiting intervention programme with Jamaican mothers and children.}, journal = {Dev Med Child Neurol}, volume = {17}, year = {1975}, month = {1975 Oct}, pages = {605-13}, abstract = {

In order to promote better mental development in three-year-old children from poor Jamaican families, a home-visiting project was carried out with the aim of helping mothers to interact with and stimulate their children. Homes were visited once a week, and the use of toys and books was demonstrated to the mothers. The play equipment was then left with the family and exchanged at the following visit. After a maximum of 29 visits, the children had made significant gains (average 13 IQ points) compared with children in a previously matched control group. The mothers\&$\#$39; knowledge of child-rearing had also improved. Similar intervention programmes may be useful on a larger scale, and need not be expensive if full use is made of the mothers\&$\#$39; help.

}, keywords = {Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Intelligence, Jamaica}, issn = {0012-1622}, author = {Grantham-McGregor, S M and Desai, P} } @article {5890, title = {Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {369}, number = {9555}, year = {2007}, note = {1474-547x
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Cheung, Yin Bun
Cueto, Santiago
Glewwe, Paul
Richter, Linda
Strupp, Barbara
International Child Development Steering Group
068599/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Journal Article
England
Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):60-70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4.}, month = {Jan 6}, pages = {60-70}, edition = {2007/01/09}, abstract = {Many children younger than 5 years in developing countries are exposed to multiple risks, including poverty, malnutrition, poor health, and unstimulating home environments, which detrimentally affect their cognitive, motor, and social-emotional development. There are few national statistics on the development of young children in developing countries. We therefore identified two factors with available worldwide data--the prevalence of early childhood stunting and the number of people living in absolute poverty--to use as indicators of poor development. We show that both indicators are closely associated with poor cognitive and educational performance in children and use them to estimate that over 200 million children under 5 years are not fulfilling their developmental potential. Most of these children live in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. These disadvantaged children are likely to do poorly in school and subsequently have low incomes, high fertility, and provide poor care for their children, thus contributing to the intergenerational transmission of poverty.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, *Poverty, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition/*classification, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/*etiology, Educational Status, Female, Growth Disorders/*complications, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk Factors}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60032-4}, author = {Grantham-McGregor, S. and Cheung, Y. B. and Cueto, S. and Glewwe, P. and Richter, L. and Strupp, B.} } @article {6255, title = {Men{\textquoteright}s roles in care seeking for maternal and newborn health: a qualitative study applying the three delays model to male involvement in Morogoro Region, Tanzania}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, keywords = {Care seeking, Gender, Healthcare financing, Male involvement, maternal health, Newborn health, Tanzania}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-019-2439-8}, url = {https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12884-019-2439-8}, author = {Greenspan, Jesse A. and Chebet, Joy J. and Mpembeni, Rose and Mosha, Idda and Mpunga, Maurus and Winch, Peter J. and Killewo, Japhet and Baqui, Abdullah H. and McMahon, Shannon A.} } @article {358, title = {Opium trade, insurgency, and HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan: relationships and regional consequences.}, journal = {Asia Pac J Public Health}, volume = {22}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul}, pages = {159S-167S}, abstract = {

Global health and conflict studies share key linkages that have important research and policy implications but for which data are currently lacking. This analytical review examines the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan, using it as a basis to develop a conceptual framework that integrates security and public health concepts. The analysis draws on recent peer-reviewed and gray literature to assess the interrelationship among 3 variable clusters and their impact on the emergence of the HIV epidemic in Afghanistan. The evidence suggests that there is a complex indirect relationship linking illicit opium trade, the ongoing insurgency, and forced and spontaneous migration to the emergence of an injection drug use-driven HIV epidemic in Afghanistan. These findings demonstrate a clear need for an integrated cross-disciplinary and regional approach to the emerging threat of HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan, to inform more balanced and effective policy making in this and other regions of strategic global import.

}, keywords = {Afghan Campaign 2001-, Afghanistan, Databases, Bibliographic, Disease Outbreaks, Heroin Dependence, HIV Infections, Humans, Opium, Refugees, Substance Abuse, Intravenous}, issn = {1941-2479}, doi = {10.1177/1010539510374524}, author = {Griffin, Nevada and Khoshnood, Kaveh} } @article {6172, title = {Breastfeeding and family-friendly policies. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {breastfeeding, early childhood development, family-friendly policies, maternal physical and mental health}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Breastfeeding-Family-Friendly\%20Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Griswold, M. and Palmquist, A. and UNICEF} } @book {7539, title = {Childhood Vulnerabilities in South Africa: Some Ethical PerspectivesSeen but not heard? Engaging the mechanisms of faith to end violence against children}, year = {2020}, pages = {33 - 64}, publisher = {African Sun Media}, organization = {African Sun Media}, edition = {1}, keywords = {child rights and protection, interfaith, South Africa, violence prevention}, doi = {10.18820/9781928480952/02}, url = {https://bit.ly/3dkgqR9}, author = {Palm, Selina}, editor = {Grobbelaar, Jan and Jones, Chris} } @article {5401, title = {Long-term economic effect of early childhood nutrition}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {371}, number = {9610}, year = {2008}, note = {Grosse, Scott D
Roy, Kakoli
eng
Comment
Multicenter Study
England
2008/02/05 09:00
Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):365-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60180-4.}, month = {Feb 2}, pages = {365-6}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Nutritional Status, Adult, Child, Preschool, Employment/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/*statistics \& numerical data, Time Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Grosse, S. D. and Roy, K.} } @article {359, title = {History of socioeconomic disadvantage and allostatic load in later life.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {74}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan}, pages = {75-83}, abstract = {

There is a growing interest in understanding how the experience of socioeconomic status (SES) adversity across the life course may accumulate to negatively affect the functioning of biological regulatory systems important to functioning and health in later adulthood. The goal of the present analyses was to examine whether greater life course SES adversity experience would be associated with higher scores on a multi-system allostatic load (AL) index of physiological function in adulthood. Data for these analyses are from 1008 participants (92.2\% White) from the Biomarker Substudy of the Study of Midlife in the US (MIDUS). Multiple indicators of SES adversity in childhood (parent educational attainment, welfare status, financial situation) and two points in adulthood (educational attainment, household income, difficulty paying bills, availability of money to meet basic needs, current financial situation) were used to construct SES adversity measures for each life course phase. An AL score was constructed using information on 24 biomarkers from 7 different physiological systems (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cardiovascular, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, inflammatory immune activity). Analyses indicate higher AL as a function of greater SES adversity at each phase of, and cumulatively across, the life course. Associations were only moderately attenuated when accounting for a wide array of health status, behavioral and psychosocial factors. Findings suggest that SES adversity experience may cumulate across the life course to have a negative impact on multiple biological systems in adulthood. An important aim of future research is the replication of current findings in this predominantly White sample in more ethnically diverse populations.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Allostasis, Biological Markers, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty, Questionnaires, Social Class, United States}, issn = {1873-5347}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.037}, author = {Gruenewald, Tara L and Karlamangla, Arun S and Hu, Perry and Stein-Merkin, Sharon and Crandall, Carolyn and Koretz, Brandon and Seeman, Teresa E} } @article {188, title = {Intranasal oxytocin improves emotion recognition for youth with autism spectrum disorders.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {67}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Apr 1}, pages = {692-4}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: A diagnostic hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is a qualitative impairment in social communication and interaction. Deficits in the ability to recognize the emotions of others are believed to contribute to this. There is currently no effective treatment for these problems.

METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we administered oxytocin nasal spray (18 or 24 IU) or a placebo to 16 male youth aged 12 to 19 who were diagnosed with Autistic or Asperger\&$\#$39;s Disorder. Participants then completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task, a widely used and reliable test of emotion recognition.

RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, oxytocin administration improved performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task. This effect was also shown when analysis was restricted to the younger participants aged 12 to 15 who received the lower dose.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence that oxytocin nasal spray improves emotion recognition in young people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Findings suggest the potential of earlier intervention and further evaluation of oxytocin nasal spray as a treatment to improve social communication and interaction in young people with autism spectrum disorders.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Administration, Topical, Adolescent, Affect, Autistic Disorder, Child, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Recognition (Psychology), Young Adult}, issn = {1873-2402}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.020}, author = {Guastella, Adam J and Einfeld, Stewart L and Gray, Kylie M and Rinehart, Nicole J and Tonge, Bruce J and Lambert, Timothy J and Hickie, Ian B} } @article {5891, title = {Maternal Inflammation and Neurodevelopmental Programming: A Review of Preclinical Outcomes and Implications for Translational Psychiatry}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {1873-2402
Gumusoglu, Serena B
Stevens, Hanna E
P30 ES005605/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 15;85(2):107-121. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.008. Epub 2018 Aug 27.}, month = {Jan 15}, pages = {107-121}, edition = {2018/10/16}, abstract = {Early disruptions to neurodevelopment are highly relevant to understanding both psychiatric risk and underlying pathophysiology that can be targeted by new treatments. Much convergent evidence from the human literature associates inflammation during pregnancy with later neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring. Preclinical models of prenatal inflammation have been developed to examine the causal maternal physiological and offspring neural mechanisms underlying these findings. Here we review the strengths and limitations of preclinical models used for these purposes and describe selected studies that have shown maternal immune impacts on the brain and behavior of offspring. Maternal immune activation in mice, rats, nonhuman primates, and other mammalian model species have demonstrated convergent outcomes across methodologies. These outcomes include shifts and/or disruptions in the normal developmental trajectory of molecular and cellular processes in the offspring brain. Prenatal developmental origins are critical to a mechanistic understanding of maternal immune activation-induced alterations to microglia and immune molecules, brain growth and development, synaptic morphology and physiology, and anxiety- and depression-like, sensorimotor, and social behaviors. These phenotypes are relevant to brain functioning across domains and to anxiety and mood disorders, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder, in which they have been identified. By turning a neurodevelopmental lens on this body of work, we emphasize the importance of acute changes to the prenatal offspring brain in fostering a better understanding of potential mechanisms for intervention. Collectively, overlapping results across maternal immune activation studies also highlight the need to examine preclinical offspring neurodevelopment alterations in terms of a multifactorial immune milieu, or immunome, to determine potential mechanisms of psychiatric risk.}, keywords = {Animal model, Behavioral neuroscience, Maternal immune activation, Molecular and cellular psychiatry, neurodevelopment, Prenatal inflammation}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.008}, author = {Gumusoglu, S. B. and Stevens, H. E.} } @article {669, title = {The neurobiology of stress and development}, journal = {Annual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of PsychologyAnnual Review of Psychology, Vol 63}, volume = {58}, year = {2007}, note = {131vx
Times Cited:454
Cited References Count:159
Annual Review of Psychology}, pages = {145-173}, abstract = {

Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves activation of neurobiological systems that preserve viability through change or allostasis. Although they are necessary for survival, frequent neurobiological stress responses increase the risk of physical and mental health problems, perhaps particularly when experienced during periods of rapid brain development. Recently, advances in noninvasive measurement techniques have resulted in a burgeoning of human developmental stress research. Here we review the anatomy and physiology of stress responding, discuss the relevant animal literature, and briefly outline what is currently known about the psychobiology of stress in human development, the critical role of social regulation of stress neurobiology, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes.

}, keywords = {behavioral-inhibition, child-care, corticotropin-releasing-factor, early adverse experience, factor crf, hpa axis, maltreated children, multiple-regression analysis, neuroendocrine activity, pituitary-adrenal axis, Psychopathology, salivary cortisol}, isbn = {0066-4308}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605}, author = {Gunnar, M. and Quevedo, K.} } @article {7490, title = {Bronfenbrenner{\textquoteright}s ecological systems theory}, journal = {Simple Psychology}, year = {2020}, month = {11/2020}, keywords = {Developmental psychology}, url = {https://www.simplypsychology.org/Bronfenbrenner.html}, author = {Guy-Evans, O.} } @article {5943, title = {Explore, Engage, Act! Children and young people and the Global Compact on Refugees and Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration}, year = {2018}, institution = {Save the Children}, address = {United Kingdom}, keywords = {children on the move, Human Rights, Migrant children, Refugees}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/14326/pdf/767_globalcompacts_youthfriendly_a4_60pp_final_v3_slr2.pdf}, author = {Mehta H.} } @article {360, title = {Socioeconomic status and the brain: mechanistic insights from human and animal research.}, journal = {Nat Rev Neurosci}, volume = {11}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {651-9}, abstract = {

Human brain development occurs within a socioeconomic context and childhood socioeconomic status (SES) influences neural development--particularly of the systems that subserve language and executive function. Research in humans and in animal models has implicated prenatal factors, parent-child interactions and cognitive stimulation in the home environment in the effects of SES on neural development. These findings provide a unique opportunity for understanding how environmental factors can lead to individual differences in brain development, and for improving the programmes and policies that are designed to alleviate SES-related disparities in mental health and academic achievement.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Mental Disorders, Social Class}, issn = {1471-0048}, doi = {10.1038/nrn2897}, author = {Hackman, Daniel A and Farah, Martha J and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {5041, title = {Cross-generational effects of discrimination among immigrant mothers: perceived discrimination predicts child{\textquoteright}s healthcare visits for illness}, journal = {Health Psychol}, volume = {32}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {Halim, May Ling
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Amodio, David M
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2012/03/07 06:00
Health Psychol. 2013 Feb;32(2):203-11. doi: 10.1037/a0027279. Epub 2012 Mar 5.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {203-11}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study tested whether an immigrant mother{\textquoteright}s perception of ethnic and language-based discrimination affects the health of her child (indexed by the child{\textquoteright}s frequency of sick visits to the doctor, adjusting for well-visits), as a function of her ethnic-group attachment and length of U.S. residency. METHOD: A community-based sample of 98 immigrant Dominican and Mexican mothers of normally developing 14-month-old children were interviewed. Mothers reported their perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination, degree of ethnic-group attachment, length of time in the United States, and frequency of their child{\textquoteright}s doctor visits for both illness and routine (healthy) exams. RESULTS: Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those reporting low ethnic-group attachment. The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment. Among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits regardless of ethnic-group attachment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a Latina mother{\textquoteright}s experience with ethnic and language-based discrimination is associated with her child{\textquoteright}s health, as indicated by doctor visits for illness, but that strong ethnic-group attachment may mitigate this association among recent immigrants.}, keywords = {*Cohort Effect, Adult, Child Health Services/*utilization, Dominican Republic/ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Emigration and Immigration/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mexico/ethnology, Mothers/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Prejudice/*psychology, Qualitative Research, Time Factors, United States, Young Adult}, isbn = {1930-7810 (Electronic)
0278-6133 (Linking)}, author = {Halim, M. L. and Yoshikawa, H. and Amodio, D. M.} } @article {6498, title = {It{\textquoteright}s Okay to Be a Different Kind of Parent During the Pandemic}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The Atlantic}, keywords = {COVID-19, Parenting}, url = {https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2020/04/what-losing-my-husband-taught-me-about-pandemic-parenting/609607/?fbclid=IwAR0RfK2JIqrtxPNK-SJZ7iBXVm48dKQluSfXVODxSiyyhvzP34kquD1ywFE}, author = {Ham, MK} } @book {525, title = {Narrative and the Politics of Identity: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, isbn = {9780199781263}, url = {http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195394467.001.0001/acprof-9780195394467}, author = {Hammack, P.L.} } @article {362, title = {Saving lives, preserving livelihoods: understanding risk, decision-making and child health in a food crisis.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {68}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Feb}, pages = {758-65}, abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to analyse household decision-making regarding resource allocation in the aftermath of a food crisis in rural Niger. International attention had resulted in humanitarian agencies launching emergency nutrition programmes to alleviate persistently high levels of acute child malnutrition. We conducted participant observation, 93 in-depth interviews, 15 focus groups, 44 feeding and illness histories for children under 5, and debriefing sessions with local humanitarian staff. The impetus for this study came from observations of marked intra-household differences in child growth and health status, despite the caregivers\&$\#$39; ethos of treating children equally. Egalitarian input, however, does not always result in equal outcomes: vulnerable children become \"victims of non-discrimination\" through a form of benign neglect engendered by pervasive poverty. The ethos and practices of equal investment in children are rooted in a need to balance the perceived risks to children with the preservation of long-term livelihoods. We discuss the mismatch of views between external interventions, which focus on saving individual children\&$\#$39;s lives, and local priorities, aimed at spreading risk. This mismatch is rooted in the different ways in which humanitarian agencies and local communities weigh up risks and vulnerabilities in matters of child health.

}, keywords = {Caregivers, Child, Child, Preschool, Decision Making, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Niger, Poverty, Resource Allocation, Starvation}, issn = {0277-9536}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.014}, author = {Hampshire, K. R. and Panter-Brick, C. and Kilpatrick, K. and Casiday, R. E.} } @article {361, title = {The social context of childcare practices and child malnutrition in Niger{\textquoteright}s recent food crisis.}, journal = {Disasters}, volume = {33}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Mar}, pages = {132-51}, abstract = {

In 2004-05, Niger suffered a food crisis during which global attention focused on high levels of acute malnutrition among children. In response, decentralised emergency nutrition programmes were introduced into much of southern Niger. Child malnutrition, however, is a chronic problem and its links with food production and household food security are complex. This qualitative, anthropological study investigates pathways by which children are rendered vulnerable in the context of a nutritional \&$\#$39;emergency\&$\#$39;. It focuses on household-level decisions that determine resource allocation and childcare practices in order to explain why practices apparently detrimental to children\&$\#$39;s health persist. Risk aversion, the need to maintain self-identity and status, and constrained decision making result in a failure to invest extra necessary resources ingrowth-faltering children. Understanding and responding to the social context of child malnutrition will help humanitarian workers to integrate their efforts more effectively with longer-term development programmes aimed at improving livelihood security.

}, keywords = {Child Care, Child Nutrition Disorders, Child, Preschool, Decision Making, Food Supply, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Niger, Parent-Child Relations, Resource Allocation, Starvation}, issn = {1467-7717}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01066.x}, author = {Hampshire, K. and Casiday, R. and Kilpatrick, K. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {5166, title = {The social context of childcare practices and child malnutrition in Niger{\textquoteright}s recent food crisis}, journal = {Disasters}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {Hampshire, Katherine
Casiday, Rachel
Kilpatrick, Kate
Panter-Brick, Catherine
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2008/06/03 09:00
Disasters. 2009 Mar;33(1):132-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01066.x. Epub 2008 May 29.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {132-51}, abstract = {In 2004-05, Niger suffered a food crisis during which global attention focused on high levels of acute malnutrition among children. In response, decentralised emergency nutrition programmes were introduced into much of southern Niger. Child malnutrition, however, is a chronic problem and its links with food production and household food security are complex. This qualitative, anthropological study investigates pathways by which children are rendered vulnerable in the context of a nutritional {\textquoteright}emergency{\textquoteright}. It focuses on household-level decisions that determine resource allocation and childcare practices in order to explain why practices apparently detrimental to children{\textquoteright}s health persist. Risk aversion, the need to maintain self-identity and status, and constrained decision making result in a failure to invest extra necessary resources ingrowth-faltering children. Understanding and responding to the social context of child malnutrition will help humanitarian workers to integrate their efforts more effectively with longer-term development programmes aimed at improving livelihood security.}, keywords = {*Decision Making, *Parent-Child Relations, *Resource Allocation, *Starvation, Child Care, Child Nutrition Disorders, Child, Preschool, Food Supply, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Niger}, isbn = {1467-7717 (Electronic)
0361-3666 (Linking)}, author = {Hampshire, K. and Casiday, R. and Kilpatrick, K. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {7584, title = {Policy Briefing Note: Early Childhood Development and Its Promise for Peace}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

The Challenge

Inequality is on the rise globally. International conflict is also increasing. Conflicts impact people of all ages but children are particularly vulnerable to violence and neglect. That impact is magnified by the increased stress children and parents experience when adapting to the realities of war and displacement that substantially disrupt their daily lives. Exposure to these adversities at an early age can cause children to experience \“toxic stress\”, which is associated with a broad range of negative life outcomes, including major emotional and behavioral problems. Hundreds of millions of children are now at great risk of not reaching their full developmental potential and perpetuating cycles of violence and marginalization, affecting not just this generation but those to come.

How ECD can make a difference\ 

In such periods of disparity and unrest, it is vital to invest in solutions that will disrupt cycles of violence, build strong foundations for sustainable development and social cohesion, and promote a \“culture of peace\”.\ 

READ the full policy briefing note.\ 

}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, economic investment, partnerships, peacebuilding, programs and interventions, research science, Social cohesion, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ECPC-UNGA-Briefing\%20Note-1_Promise-for-Peace_24Sept2023.pdf}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Policy \& Advocacy Working Group} } @article {7617, title = {ECPC Call-to-Action for Justice, Peace, and the Protection of All Children Affected by the War in Israel and Palestine}, year = {2023}, month = {November 2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

Thousands have died. The killing, maiming, and abduction of children must stop. Attacks on schools and hospitals, and the impedance of humanitarian aid to affected children and amilies/parents/caregivers, are unacceptable. These are among the most serious violations of international human rights laws protecting children and constitute four of the six grave violations against children during armed conflict as identified by the united nations security council resolution S/RES/1612 (2005).

The Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) is extremely concerned with the impact of the current war in Israel and Palestine on innocent children. Every conflict profoundly impacts people of all age groups, but children are disproportionately affected. Being far more vulnerable to violence, hardship, and toxic stress, they can suffer physical, psychological, and emotional effects for the rest of their lives. That impact can pass from one generation to the next. Any delay in bringing this catastrophic conflict to an end will have enduring consequences.\ Moreâ–º
}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, humanitarian action, Israel-Palestine War 2023, peacebuilding, violence prevention}, url = {node/7604}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Advocacy Working Group} } @article {7585, title = {Policy Briefing Note: Taking Action on the Safety, Well-being, and Development of Children in Conflict/Post Conflict Countries}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

Executive Summary

Humanitarian crises including the war in Ukraine and the ongoing crisis in Syria, among others\—pose a substantial threat to children\’s health, safety, and development. In addition to the physical threats and psychological traumas posed by war and mass displacement, children in such crises suffer severe deprivation, including lack of adequate nutrition, medicine, education, and clean drinking water. Exposure to such and resulting toxic stress leads to significant harm for children\’s short- and long-term health and well-being.

Early child development (ECD) interventions are critical to addressing these threats globally. Growing evidence suggests appropriate ECD programming, supported by psychological first aid and psychosocial support, can mitigate harms to young children and families living in contexts of war, displacement, and other humanitarian crises. Yet, it is disturbing that neither integrated ECD interventions, nor early care and learning for children more generally, have been prioritized by governments and agencies in emergency contexts.\ \ 

Governments, donors, organizations, and other international actors must act now to uphold international commitments to prioritize the rights of children and ensure adequate funding and support for all children in crisis. The ECD research and practitioner community must also act with urgency to strengthen the case for ECD interventions in emergencies, including employing more effective communications and addressing research gaps. Frontline workers, including families, should be empowered with the knowledge and tools to support the holistic development of children, especially in situations of conflict and crisis.

We urge governments, donors, organizations, and other international actors to prioritize integrated ECD interventions inclusive of early learning and early care in emergencies.\ 

READ the full policy briefing note.

}, keywords = {child rights and protection, early childhood development, Governance and policymaking, humanitarian response, peacebuilding, programs and interventions, Social cohesion, toxic stress}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ECPC-UNGA_Briefing-Note-2-Taking-Action_24Sept2023.pdf}, author = {Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and ECPC Policy \& Advocacy Working Group} } @article {5892, title = {Inflammation: A Proposed Intermediary Between Maternal Stress and Offspring Neuropsychiatric Risk}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {1873-2402
Hantsoo, Liisa
Kornfield, Sara
Anguera, Montserrat C
Epperson, C Neill
K23 MH107831/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
K12 HD085848/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R21 AI124084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
K23 MH102360/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
P50 MH099910/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 15;85(2):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.018. Epub 2018 Sep 5.}, month = {Jan 15}, pages = {97-106}, edition = {2018/10/14}, abstract = {During pregnancy, programming of the fetal central nervous system establishes vulnerabilities for emergence of neuropsychiatric phenotypes later in life. Psychosocial influences during pregnancy, such as stressful life events and chronic stress, correlate with offspring neuropsychiatric disorders and inflammation, respectively. Stress promotes inflammation, but the role of inflammation as a mediator between maternal psychosocial stress and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes has not been extensively studied in humans. This review summarizes clinical evidence linking specific types of stress to maternal inflammatory load during pregnancy. We propose that inflammation is a mediator in the relationship between psychosocial stress and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes, potentially influenced by poor maternal glucocorticoid-immune coordination. We present relevant experimental animal research supporting this hypothesis. We conclude that clinical and preclinical research supports the premise that stress-induced maternal immune activation contributes in part to prenatal programming of risk. Programming of risk is likely due to a combination of vulnerabilities, including multiple or repeated inflammatory events; timing of such events; poor maternal regulation of inflammation; genetic vulnerability; and lifestyle contributors.}, keywords = {Cytokine-glucocorticoid feedback, Cytokines, Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal, Pregnancy, stress, Transgenerational}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.018}, author = {Hantsoo, L. and Kornfield, S. and Anguera, M. C. and Epperson, C. N.} } @article {6234, title = {How Children and Adults Can Build Core Capabilities for Life}, year = {2018}, keywords = {executive function, responsive caregiving}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/video-building-core-capabilities-life/?fbclid=IwAR04sdKbGGp5mMAHrurHOPZ7DZCsYH7LfoJyaSPPROfwqYJ0Te1PvsM0lWs}, author = {Harvard} } @article {6231, title = {A guide to Serve and Return: How your interaction with children can build brains}, year = {2019}, keywords = {building brains, early childhood development, responsive caregiving, serve and return}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/event/science-based-innovation-training-reimagining-program-development-and-evaluation$\#$overlay=node/add/news}, author = {Harvard} } @article {6474, title = {A Guide to COVID-19 and Early Childhood Development}, year = {2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/covid-19-resources/}, author = {HarvardCenterDevelopingChild} } @article {6471, title = {The Brain Architects Podcast: COVID-19 Special Edition: A Different World}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Center for the Developing Child at Harvard University}, address = {Boston}, abstract = {In this first episode from a special COVID-19 series of The Brain Architects podcast, Center Director Jack P. Shonkoff, M.D. discusses the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of early childhood development. He offers advice to help ensure that adults and the children they care for don{\textquoteright}t experience the long-term effects of stress, and explains how society can work together to continue to support healthy development.}, keywords = {brain development, COVID-19, early childhood development}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/the-brain-architects-podcast-covid-19-special-edition-a-different-world/?utm_source=announcement\&utm_medium=email\&utm_campaign=covid_podcast}, author = {HarvardCenterDevelopingChild} } @article {363, title = {Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Iranian survivors of chemical warfare.}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {296}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Aug 2}, pages = {560-6}, abstract = {

CONTEXT: In the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War, extensive use of chemical weapons resulted in high rates of morbidity and mortality. While much is known about the physical consequences of chemical warfare, there is a paucity of information about the long-term effects of chemical attacks on mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term psychological impact of chemical warfare on a civilian population.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional randomized survey conducted in July 2004 of 153 civilians in 3 towns exposed to warfare in northwestern Iran: Oshnaviyeh (low-intensity conventional warfare), Rabat (high-intensity conventional warfare), and Sardasht (both high-intensity conventional warfare and chemical weapons).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Full or partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were assessed using Farsi versions of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton Scale for Anxiety, and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively.

RESULTS: Overall participation rate was 93\%. Respondents had a mean age of 45 years and were all of Kurdish ethnicity. Among individuals exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons, prevalence rates for lifetime PTSD, current PTSD, major anxiety symptoms, and severe depressive symptoms were 59\%, 33\%, 65\%, and 41\%, respectively. Among the low-intensity warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8\%, 2\%, 18\%, and 6\%, respectively, while intermediate rates were found among those exposed to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons (31\%, 8\%, 26\%, and 12\%, respectively). Compared with individuals exposed to low-intensity warfare, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 18.6; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-59.4), current PTSD (OR, 27.4; 95\% CI, 3.4-218.2), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 14.6; 95\% CI, 6.0-35.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 7.2; 95\% CI, 3.3-15.9). Exposure to high-intensity warfare but not to chemical weapons was also significantly associated with lifetime PTSD (OR, 5.4; 95\% CI, 1.7-17.6), compared with those in the low-intensity warfare group. Further, compared with individuals exposed to high-intensity warfare alone, those exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at higher risk for lifetime PTSD (OR, 3.4; 95\% CI, 1.5-7.4), current PTSD (OR, 6.2; 95\% CI, 2.0-20.1), increased anxiety symptoms (OR, 5.6; 95\% CI, 2.5-12.6), and increased depressive symptoms (OR, 3.7; 95\% CI, 1.8-7.2).

CONCLUSION: Exposure to chemical warfare is an extreme traumatic event that has long-lasting adverse consequences on mental health.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Chemical Warfare, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Survival}, issn = {1538-3598}, doi = {10.1001/jama.296.5.560}, author = {Hashemian, Farnoosh and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Desai, Mayur M and Falahati, Farahnaz and Kasl, Stanislav and Southwick, Steven} } @article {364, title = {Poverty, social support, and parental behavior.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {65}, year = {1994}, month = {1994 Apr}, pages = {394-403}, abstract = {

The associations among poverty, measures of social support, and parents\&$\#$39; reports of punitive and unsupportive behaviors were examined using the National Survey of Families and Households. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between perceived social support and household income: perceived social support was negatively associated with parents\&$\#$39; reports of punitive behavior, but mainly when income was low. The amount of help received from others was negatively associated with parents\&$\#$39; reports of unsupportive behavior. The study suggests that some forms of social support lower levels of problematic behavior among all parents, whereas other forms of social support are particularly beneficial to parents living in poverty.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Parenting, Poverty, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Social Support, Socialization}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {Hashima, P Y and Amato, P R} } @article {6131, title = {Self-Regulation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Future Directions}, journal = {Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review}, volume = {22}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {104 - 117}, keywords = {Collectivistic, culture, Emotion regulation, Executive functioning, LMICs, Low resource settings, Low- and middle-income countries, Parenting; Reflective functioning, Self-control, self-regulation}, issn = {1096-4037}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-019-00278-0}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10567-019-00278-0}, author = {Haslam, Divna and Mejia, Anilena and Thomson, Dana and Betancourt, Theresa} } @article {610, title = {Culture, Context and the Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Syrians: A Review for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support staff working with Syrians Affected by Armed Conflict}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNHCR}, address = {Geneva}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/55f6b90f9.pdf}, author = {Hassan, G. and Mekki- Berrada A. and Quosh, C. and el Chammay, R. and Deville-Stoetzel, J.B. and Youssef, A. and Jefee-Bahloul, H. and Barkeel-Oteo, A. and Coutts, A. and Song, S. and Ventevogel, P.} } @article {633, title = {Evaluation of the Better Parenting Programme in Jordan}, journal = {Early Child Development and Care}, volume = {181}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-06-2011}, pages = {587 - 598}, issn = {0300-4430}, doi = {10.1080/03004431003654925}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03004431003654925}, author = {-Hassan, Suha M. and Lansford, Jennifer E.} } @article {720, title = {Increasing Fathers{\textquoteright} Involvement in Child Care With a Couple-Focused Intervention During the Transition to Parenthood}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {57}, year = {2008}, month = {Jan-01-2008}, pages = {49 - 59}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00482.x}, author = {Hawkins, Alan J. and Lovejoy, Kimberly R. and Holmes, Erin K. and Blanchard, Victoria L. and Fawcett, Elizabeth} } @article {365, title = {Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: myths and mechanisms.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {157}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar 27}, pages = {95-109}, abstract = {

Since the human genome was sequenced, the term \"epigenetics\" is increasingly being associated with the hope that we are more than just the sum of our genes. Might what we eat, the air we breathe, or even the emotions we feel influence not only our genes but those of descendants? The environment can certainly influence gene expression and can lead to disease, but transgenerational consequences are another matter. Although the inheritance of epigenetic characters can certainly occur-particularly in plants-how much is due to the environment and the extent to which it happens in humans remain unclear.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene-Environment Interaction, Germ Cells, Humans, Plants}, issn = {1097-4172}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.045}, author = {Heard, Edith and Martienssen, Robert A} } @book {526, title = {Children of Afghanistan: The Path to Peace}, year = {2014}, publisher = {University of Texas Press}, organization = {University of Texas Press}, isbn = {9780292759336}, url = {http://utpress.utexas.edu/index.php/books/heachi}, author = {Heath, J. and Zahedi, A.} } @article {5711, title = {The American Family in Black and White: A Post-Racial Strategy for Improving Skills to Promote Equality}, journal = {Daedalus}, volume = {140}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2012/05/19 06:00
Daedalus. 2011 Spring;140(2):70-89. doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00078. Epub 2011 Jul 14.}, month = {Spring}, pages = {70-89}, abstract = {In contemporary America, racial gaps in achievement are primarily due to gaps in skills. Skill gaps emerge early before children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when children enter school. Parenting matters, and the true measure of child advantage and disadvantage is the quality of parenting received. A growing fraction of American children across all race and ethnic groups is being raised in dysfunctional families. Investment in the early lives of children in disadvantaged families will help close achievement gaps. America currently relies too much on schools and adolescent remediation strategies to solve problems that start in the preschool years. Policy should prevent rather than remediate. Voluntary, culturally sensitive support for parenting is a politically and economically palatable strategy that addresses problems common to all racial and ethnic groups.}, isbn = {0011-5266 (Print)
0011-5266 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5893, title = {Social Policy: Targeting programs effectively}, journal = {Nat Hum Behav}, volume = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Heckman, James J
Garcia, Jorge Luis
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R24 AG048081/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
England
Nat Hum Behav. 2017;1. doi: 10.1038/s41562-016-0019. Epub 2017 Jan 10.}, edition = {2017/06/27}, abstract = {By linking data from a 40-year birth cohort study with multiple administrative databases, Caspi and colleagues show that 20\% of the population accounts for 60\% - 80\% of several adult social ills. Outcomes for this group can be accurately predicted from as early as age 3, using a small set of indicators of disadvantage. This finding supports policies that target children from disadvantaged families and complements recent literature on the life-cycle benefits of early childhood programmes.}, isbn = {2397-3374 (Print)}, doi = {10.1038/s41562-016-0019}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Garcia, J. L.} } @article {6100, title = {The Perry Preschoolers at late midlife: A study in design-specific inference}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper presents the first analysis of the life course outcomes through late midlife (around age 55) for the participants of the iconic Perry Preschool Project, an experimental high-quality preschool program for disadvantaged African-American children in the 1960s. We discuss the design of the experiment, compromises in and adjustments to the randomization protocol, and the extent of knowledge about departures from the initial random assignment. We account for these factors in developing conservative small-sample hypothesis tests that use approximate worst-case (least favorable) randomization null distributions. We examine how our new methods compare with standard inferential methods, which ignore essential features of the experimental setup. Widely used procedures produce misleading inferences about treatment effects. Our design- specific inferential approach can be applied to analyze a variety of compromised social and economic experiments, including those using re-randomization designs. Despite the conservative nature of our statistical tests, we find long-term treatment effects on crime, employment, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, and other outcomes of the Perry participants. Treatment effects are especially strong for males. Improvements in childhood home environments and parental attachment appear to be an important source of the long-term benefits of the program.}, keywords = {preschool, The Perry Preschool Project}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w25888.pdf}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Karapakula, G.} } @article {6565, title = {Invest in Early Childhood Development: Reduce Deficits, Strengthen the Economy}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Heckman}, keywords = {early childhood development, early learning, economy}, url = {https://heckmanequation.org/resource/invest-in-early-childhood-development-reduce-deficits-strengthen-the-economy/?utm_source=The+Heckman+Equation\&utm_campaign=1971935a98-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_03_28_COPY_01\&utm_medium=email\&utm_term=0_861cad7111-1971935a98-}, author = {Heckman, J.J.} } @article {5710, title = {Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes}, journal = {Am Econ Rev}, volume = {103}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Heckman, James
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2014/03/19 06:00
Am Econ Rev. 2013 Oct;103(6):2052-2086. doi: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2052.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {2052-2086}, abstract = {A growing literature establishes that high quality early childhood interventions targeted toward disadvantaged children have substantial impacts on later life outcomes. Little is known about the mechanisms producing these impacts. This paper uses longitudinal data on cognitive and personality traits from an experimental evaluation of the influential Perry Preschool program to analyze the channels through which the program boosted both male and female participant outcomes. Experimentally induced changes in personality traits explain a sizable portion of adult treatment effects.}, keywords = {academic motivation, cognitive traits, early childhood interventions, experimentally estimated production functions, externalizing behavior, factor analysis, human capital, Human Development, Perry Preschool program, personality traits, social experiments}, isbn = {0002-8282 (Print)
0002-8282 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P.} } @article {6099, title = {Intergenerational and intragenerational externalities of the Perry Preschool Project}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Bureau of Economic Research}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper examines the impact of the iconic Perry Preschool Project on the children and siblings of the original participants. The children of treated participants have fewer school suspensions, higher levels of education and employment, and lower levels of participation in crime, compared with the children of untreated participants. Impacts are especially pronounced for the children of male participants. These treatment effects are associated with improved childhood home environments. The intergenerational effects arise despite the fact that families of treated subjects live in similar or worse neighborhoods than the control families. We also find substantial positive effects of the Perry program on the siblings of participants who did not directly participate in the program, especially for male siblings.}, keywords = {Intergenerational Relations, Perry Preschool Project}, url = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w25889.pdf}, author = {Heckman, J.J. and Karapakula, G.} } @article {5718, title = {Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children}, journal = {Science}, volume = {312}, number = {5782}, year = {2006}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
R01HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/07/01 09:00
Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1900-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1128898.}, month = {Jun 30}, pages = {1900-2}, abstract = {This paper summarizes evidence on the effects of early environments on child, adolescent, and adult achievement. Life cycle skill formation is a dynamic process in which early inputs strongly affect the productivity of later inputs.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Child Development, *Early Intervention (Education)/economics, *Education/economics, *Vulnerable Populations, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Family, Humans, Income, Infant, Intelligence, Public Policy, United States}, isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)
0036-8075 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5713, title = {Analyzing social experiments as implemented: A reexamination of the evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {Quant Econom}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter
Yavitz, Adam
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
2010/01/01 00:00
Quant Econom. 2010;1(1):1-46.}, pages = {1-46}, abstract = {Social experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Significant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented.We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40.Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study.}, isbn = {1759-7323 (Print)}, author = {Heckman, J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5895, title = {Intergenerational Long-Term Effects of Preschool - Structural Estimates from a Discrete Dynamic Programming Model}, journal = {J Econom}, volume = {191}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Heckman, James J
Raut, Lakshmi K
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Netherlands
J Econom. 2016 Mar;191(1):164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 17.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {164-175}, edition = {2015/12/29}, abstract = {This paper formulates a structural dynamic programming model of preschool investment choices of altruistic parents and then empirically estimates the structural parameters of the model using the NLSY79 data. The paper finds that preschool investment significantly boosts cognitive and non-cognitive skills, which enhance earnings and school outcomes. It also finds that a standard Mincer earnings function, by omitting measures of non-cognitive skills on the right-hand side, overestimates the rate of return to schooling. From the estimated equilibrium Markov process, the paper studies the nature of within generation earnings distribution, intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility. The paper finds that a tax-financed free preschool program for the children of poor socioeconomic status generates positive net gains to the society in terms of average earnings, higher intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility.}, keywords = {early childhood development, Intergenerational Social Mobility, Preschool Investment, Structural Dynamic Programming}, isbn = {0304-4076 (Print)
0304-4076}, doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Raut, L. K.} } @book {590, title = {Inequality in America: What role for human capital policies?}, year = {2003}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/inequality-america}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Krueger, A. B.} } @article {5717, title = {The economics, technology, and neuroscience of human capability formation}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {104}, number = {33}, year = {2007}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2007/08/10 09:00
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14;104(33):13250-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701362104. Epub 2007 Aug 8.}, month = {Aug 14}, pages = {13250-5}, abstract = {This article begins the synthesis of two currently unrelated literatures: the human capital approach to health economics and the economics of cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. A lifecycle investment framework is the foundation for understanding the origins of human inequality and for devising policies to reduce it.}, keywords = {*Economics, *Neurosciences, Humans}, isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)
0027-8424 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5712, title = {The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {J Public Econ}, volume = {94}, number = {1-2}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter A
Yavitz, Adam
eng
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Netherlands
2010/02/01 00:00
J Public Econ. 2010 Feb 1;94(1-2):114-128.}, month = {Feb 1}, pages = {114-128}, abstract = {This paper estimates the rate of return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program, an early intervention program targeted toward disadvantaged African-American youth. Estimates of the rate of return to the Perry program are widely cited to support the claim of substantial economic benefits from preschool education programs. Previous studies of the rate of return to this program ignore the compromises that occurred in the randomization protocol. They do not report standard errors. The rates of return estimated in this paper account for these factors. We conduct an extensive analysis of sensitivity to alternative plausible assumptions. Estimated annual social rates of return generally fall between 7-10 percent, with most estimates substantially lower than those previously reported in the literature. However, returns are generally statistically significantly different from zero for both males and females and are above the historical return on equity. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios support this conclusion.}, isbn = {0047-2727 (Print)
0047-2727 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. A. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5894, title = {The Rate of Return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program}, journal = {J Public Econ}, volume = {94}, number = {1-2}, year = {2010}, note = {Heckman, James J
Moon, Seong Hyeok
Pinto, Rodrigo
Savelyev, Peter A
Yavitz, Adam
R01 HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD043411-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Netherlands
J Public Econ. 2010 Feb 1;94(1-2):114-128.}, month = {Feb 1}, pages = {114-128}, edition = {2010/02/01}, abstract = {This paper estimates the rate of return to the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program, an early intervention program targeted toward disadvantaged African-American youth. Estimates of the rate of return to the Perry program are widely cited to support the claim of substantial economic benefits from preschool education programs. Previous studies of the rate of return to this program ignore the compromises that occurred in the randomization protocol. They do not report standard errors. The rates of return estimated in this paper account for these factors. We conduct an extensive analysis of sensitivity to alternative plausible assumptions. Estimated annual social rates of return generally fall between 7-10 percent, with most estimates substantially lower than those previously reported in the literature. However, returns are generally statistically significantly different from zero for both males and females and are above the historical return on equity. Estimated benefit-to-cost ratios support this conclusion.}, isbn = {0047-2727 (Print)
0047-2727}, url = {https://heckmanequation.org/resource/the-rate-of-return-to-the-highscope-perry-preschool-program/}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Moon, S. H. and Pinto, R. and Savelyev, P. A. and Yavitz, A.} } @article {5707, title = {Intergenerational Long-Term Effects of Preschool - Structural Estimates from a Discrete Dynamic Programming Model}, journal = {J Econom}, volume = {191}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Heckman, James J
Raut, Lakshmi K
eng
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R37 HD065072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Netherlands
2015/12/29 06:00
J Econom. 2016 Mar;191(1):164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 17.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {This paper formulates a structural dynamic programming model of preschool investment choices of altruistic parents and then empirically estimates the structural parameters of the model using the NLSY79 data. The paper finds that preschool investment significantly boosts cognitive and non-cognitive skills, which enhance earnings and school outcomes. It also finds that a standard Mincer earnings function, by omitting measures of non-cognitive skills on the right-hand side, overestimates the rate of return to schooling. From the estimated equilibrium Markov process, the paper studies the nature of within generation earnings distribution, intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility. The paper finds that a tax-financed free preschool program for the children of poor socioeconomic status generates positive net gains to the society in terms of average earnings, higher intergenerational earnings mobility, and schooling mobility.}, keywords = {early childhood development, Intergenerational Social Mobility, Preschool Investment, Structural Dynamic Programming}, isbn = {0304-4076 (Print)
0304-4076 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J. and Raut, L. K.} } @article {5716, title = {Role of income and family influence on child outcomes}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1136}, year = {2008}, note = {Heckman, James J
eng
P01 AG029409-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
R01 HD054702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
R01-HD043411/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
2008/06/27 09:00
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:307-23. doi: 10.1196/annals.1425.031.}, pages = {307-23}, abstract = {This chapter examines the role of income and family background in models of capability formation that explains a variety of findings established in the child development and child intervention literatures.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Income, *Parenting, Child, Child, Preschool, Family Characteristics, Humans, Models, Theoretical}, isbn = {0077-8923 (Print)
0077-8923 (Linking)}, author = {Heckman, J. J.} } @article {5896, title = {The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {12}, year = {2001}, note = {Heim, C
Nemeroff, C B
MH 42088/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jun 15;49(12):1023-39.}, month = {Jun 15}, pages = {1023-39}, edition = {2001/06/30}, abstract = {Epidemiologic studies indicate that children exposed to early adverse experiences are at increased risk for the development of depression, anxiety disorders, or both. Persistent sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) circuits as a consequence of early life stress, which are integrally involved in the regulation of stress and emotion, may represent the underlying biological substrate of an increased vulnerability to subsequent stress as well as to the development of depression and anxiety. A number of preclinical studies suggest that early life stress induces long-lived hyper(re)activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems as well as alterations in other neurotransmitter systems, resulting in increased stress responsiveness. Many of the findings from these preclinical studies are comparable to findings in adult patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Emerging evidence from clinical studies suggests that exposure to early life stress is associated with neurobiological changes in children and adults, which may underlie the increased risk of psychopathology. Current research is focused on strategies to prevent or reverse the detrimental effects of early life stress on the CNS. The identification of the neurobiological substrates of early adverse experience is of paramount importance for the development of novel treatments for children, adolescents, and adults.}, keywords = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism, Adult, Animals, Anxiety Disorders/*etiology/metabolism, Anxiety, Separation/metabolism/psychology, Brain/metabolism, Child, Child Abuse/psychology, Corticosterone/metabolism, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism, Depressive Disorder/etiology/metabolism, Humans, Life Change Events, Maternal Behavior/psychology, Mood Disorders/*etiology/metabolism, Nerve Net/metabolism, Norepinephrine/urine, Parenting, Raphe Nuclei/metabolism, Rats, Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism, Receptors, GABA/metabolism, RNA, Messenger/metabolism, Serotonin/metabolism, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/metabolism/*physiopathology/*psychology}, isbn = {0006-3223 (Print)
0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01157-X}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11430844}, author = {Heim, C. and Nemeroff, C. B.} } @article {7583, title = {Overview of the Early Childhood Peace Consortium{\textquoteright}s Early Childhood and Peacebuilding Research and Practice}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, abstract = {

Summary

Early childhood development (ECD) is a critical period in a child\&$\#$39;s life, impacting their neuropsychosocial health and ability to reach their full developmental and economic potential. ECD is endorsed as a transformative element in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasize the importance of equal access to early learning and lifelong education for all children. However, many children do not receive adequate nurturing care due to socioeconomic stresses and caregivers\&$\#$39; mental health. Research has shown positive effects of ECD interventions that incorporate nurturing care. The available evidence also indicates that how a community attends to its children (their health, safety, sense of being loved and valued) can set the stage for a more peaceful world. However, limited evidence specifically examines pathways from early childhood to peacebuilding (that is, actions that promote sustainable peace by supporting prosocial skills needed for peace 1). This review summarizes the interdisciplinary body of knowledge that can help build a peaceful, equitable, and sustainable world through effective ECD programming. To address today\&$\#$39;s global inequities, researchers and practitioners must better understand family and community dynamics and their implications for child development. This knowledge is crucial to tailor evidence-based ECD services to family and community needs and promote the long-term acceptability, uptake, and sustainability of programs. However, governments or policymakers still need to thoroughly prioritize high-quality ECD services. This review emphasizes the importance of cross-sectoral partnerships and coalitions to propel effective ECD research, programming, and advocacy.\ 
Donors, governments, and policymakers must prioritize investments in translational research of the relationships between early childhood development and peacebuilding outcomes, such as social cohesion, community mobilization, diversified social networks, and trust. Early experiences, as determined by the interaction between the developing child\&$\#$39;s brain and the immediate environment, lay the foundation for violent or peaceful relations and behaviors in later life. Interventions targeting the family, or the developing child can impact the child\&$\#$39;s propensity for violent or peaceful relationships and behaviors in later life. This review summarizes the interdisciplinary body of knowledge generated by members of the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) that can help build a peaceful, equitable, and sustainable world. This review details global ECD research to better draw the connections between parenting, bio-behavioral development, and peacebuilding efforts. While there is growing evidence for a catalyst role of ECD programs and families in conflict-affected regions, more significant structural interventions are needed to sustain more peaceful, socially cohesive, and resilient communities.
Four areas of key findings and recommendations for research and practice at the intersection of ECD and peacebuilding emerged from this review:
  1. Preprimary education and 0-3 parenting programs can significantly improve early learning. Supporting parents and their partners in caring for their children can improve child outcomes. Research in hard-to-access regions has shown that caregiver-guided education and mass media can contribute to peace and stability.\ 
  2. Engaging caregivers in ECD interventions can reduce conflict, violence, aggression, and psychopathology, benefiting their children\&$\#$39;s well-being and developmental outcomes. Engaging fathers in care can improve family well-being and reduce caregiving stress. Effective community engagement, self-sustaining programs, and stakeholder involvement are crucial for widespread peacebuilding and successful implementation.
  3. The available evidence demonstrates the added value of engaging youth in intergenerational programs. The ECPC can serve as a youth access point for peacebuilding projects. Research co-designed and implemented by youth and ECPC researchers could inform the next generation of peacebuilding research.
  4. Research on ECD and peacebuilding primarily focuses on individual outcomes, neglecting community and structural factors. A new generation of research is needed to understand the multi-level effects of ECD programs on social cohesion and community-level aspects. Such analysis must also account for the neurobiological foundations that shape early life experiences and subsequent pathways to peace.\ 

READ the full text.\ 

}, keywords = {biomarkers, early childhood development, peacebuilding, programmatic evidence, programs and interventions, research science, Social cohesion, Sustainable development, systematic review, violence prevention}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/EvidenceReview_ECPC_Research_24SEP_FINAL_no-appendix.pdf}, author = {Hein, Sascha and ECPC Research Working Group} } @article {7683, title = {Caregiver Psychopathology, Resilience, and Their Associations with Social-Emotional Challenges of Young Children Affected by Armed Conflict in ColombiaAbstract}, journal = {Child Psychiatry \& Human Development}, year = {2024}, month = {Oct-11-2025}, keywords = {Anxiety, caregiver, Colombia, Depression, early childhood}, issn = {0009-398X}, doi = {10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y}, url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10578-024-01787-y}, author = {Hein, Sascha and Ponguta, Liliana A. and Flores, Jos{\'e} M. and Londo{\~n}o Tob{\'o}n, Amalia and Johnson, Isaac N. S. and Larran, Julie and Ortiz Hoyos, Ana M. and G{\'o}mez, Oscar and Gonz{\'a}lez Ballesteros, Lina M. and Castellanos Roncancio, Camila A. and Leckman, James F.} } @article {6370, title = {Maternal perceptions of father involvement among refugee and disadvantaged families in Beirut, Lebanon}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {May-03-2020}, pages = {e0229670}, keywords = {co-parenting, father involvement, harsh discipline, Lebanon, maternal mental health, parenting stress, paternal involvement, refugee families}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229670}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0229670}, author = {Hein, Sascha and Bick, Johanna and Issa, Ghassan and Aoude, Lara and Maalouf, Cosette and Awar, Abir and Nourallah, Sawsan and Zonderman, Anna L. and Householder, Sarah and Katsovich, Liliya and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Moore, Christina and Salah, Rima and Britto, Pia R. and Leckman, James F. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica}, editor = {Fischer, Florian} } @article {7209, title = {The tiney guide to becoming an inclusive, anti-racist early educator}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Tiney}, keywords = {anti-racism, early learning, early years, inclusion}, url = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/16dX9uYy3i-4U8VJShBUrWyESgkznqoUp/view}, author = {Laura Henry-Allain, L. and Lloyd-Rose, M.} } @article {5481, title = {Maternal depression and mental health in early childhood: an examination of underlying mechanisms in low-income and middle-income countries}, journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, volume = {3}, number = {10}, year = {2016}, note = {Herba, Catherine M
Glover, Vivette
Ramchandani, Paul G
Rondon, Marta B
eng
Review
England
2016/09/22 06:00
Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;3(10):983-992. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30148-1. Epub 2016 Sep 17.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {983-992}, abstract = {Studies examining mechanisms underlying associations between maternal depression and adverse child outcomes (including behaviour, socioemotional adjustment, and emotion regulation) indicate that during pregnancy, maternal depression could affect child outcomes through altered placental function, epigenetic changes in the child, and stress reactivity. Infection and dietary deficiencies in the mother and the child, together with the child{\textquoteright}s genetic vulnerability, might also affect outcome. Postnatally, associations between maternal depression and child outcome are influenced by altered mother-child interactions, sociodemographic or environmental influences, and social support. Knowledge is scarce on mechanisms in low-income and middle-income countries where maternal depression is highly prevalent, and stressful factors that influence the development of perinatal maternal depression and adverse child outcome (eg, food insecurity, perinatal infections, crowded or rural living conditions, and interpersonal violence) are both more intense and more common than in high-income countries. We reviewed evidence and use the biopsychosocial model to illustrate risk factors, mediators and moderators underlying associations between maternal depression and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women/*psychology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Factors}, isbn = {2215-0374 (Electronic)
2215-0366 (Linking)}, author = {Herba, C. M. and Glover, V. and Ramchandani, P. G. and Rondon, M. B.} } @article {6118, title = {Child friendly spaces impact across five humanitarian settings: a meta-analysis}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-019-6939-2}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-6939-2}, author = {Hermosilla, Sabrina and Metzler, Janna and Savage, Kevin and Musa, Miriam and Ager, Alastair} } @article {3251, title = {Emerging Practices in Design, Monitoring, and Evaluation for Education for Peacebuilding Program}, year = {2015}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/emerging-practices-in-design-monitoring-and-evaluation-for-education-for-pe}, author = {Rebecca Herrington} } @inbook {579, title = {Contact Is Not Enough: An Intergroup Perspective on the Contact Hypothesis}, booktitle = {Contact and Conflict in Intergroup Encounters}, year = {1986}, pages = {1-44}, publisher = {Basil Blackwell}, organization = {Basil Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Contact_and_Conflict_in_Intergroup_Encou.html?id=kDRmQgAACAAJ}, author = {M. Hewstone and R. J. Brown}, editor = {M. Hewstone and R. Brown} } @article {721, title = {More than Manners: Conflict Resolution in Primary Level Classrooms}, journal = {Early Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {35}, year = {2007}, month = {Jun-09-2008}, pages = {119 - 126}, issn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-007-0185-4}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10643-007-0185-4http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10643-007-0185-4}, author = {Heydenberk, Warren and Heydenberk, Roberta} } @article {3256, title = {The Role of Education in Peacebuilding Country Report: Myanmar}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, institution = {UNICEF Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam Centre for International Education, University of Sussex UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, url = {https://educationanddevelopment.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/myanmar-country-report-executive-summary-final-jun16.pdf}, author = {Sean Higgins and Elizabeth Maber and Mieke Lopes Cardozo and Ritesh Shah} } @inbook {5531, title = {Framing our analysis: A dialectical perspective}, booktitle = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {19-25}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {2}, abstract = {This chapter presents a framework (Figure 2.1) to examine dialectical relations between successive levels of analysis. It represents dynamic processes, with bidirectional influences and continuous change over time, and is particularly relevant to child rearing, where parental adaptation to change is essential. Attachment theory and research indicate how early parent-child interactions lead to the development of an attachment bond, and how the quality of this attachment lays a foundation for the child{\textquoteright}s socioemotional development. Finally, viewing behavior within the context of our common evolutionary past leads to the assumption of two basic propensities: selfish assertiveness, which primarily benefits the actor, and prosociality, which benefits others. These propensities remain with us today and suggest the need to provide contexts that promote more pro-sociality and less selfish assertiveness, both within our own groups as well as toward other groups.}, keywords = {attachment, Child Rearing, nurturing, prosociality, self assertiveness}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0002}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Hinde, R. A. and Stevenson-Hinde, J.}, editor = {Leckman, J. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @book {527, title = {Changing How We Live}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Spokesman Books}, organization = {Spokesman Books}, isbn = {9780851248073}, url = {http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/acatalog/Robert_Hinde.html}, author = {Hinde, R.} } @article {383, title = {Universal parenting programme to prevent early childhood behavioural problems: cluster randomised trial.}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {336}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Feb 9}, pages = {318-21}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a parenting programme, offered universally in primary care, can prevent behavioural problems in children and improve parenting and maternal mental health.

DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial.

SETTING: 40 primary care nursing centres (clusters) in Victoria, Australia.

PARTICIPANTS: 733 English speaking mothers of 8 month old children sequentially recruited from well child appointments; 656 retained at 24 months.

INTERVENTION: Structured three session programme at age 8-15 months, co-led by well child providers and a parenting expert. The programme covered normal development and behaviour, strategies to increase desired behaviour, and strategies to reduce unwanted behaviour.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal report of child externalising behaviour (child behavior checklist 1(1/2)-5 year old), parenting (parent behavior checklist), and maternal mental health (depression anxiety stress scales) at 18 and 24 months.

RESULTS: At 18 months, child behaviour and parenting scores were similar in the two groups. At 24 months, externalising scores in the intervention and control groups were similar (mean 11.9 (SD 7.2) v 12.9 (7.4)); however, on the parent behavior checklist subscale scores, intervention group parents were less likely to report harsh/abusive parenting (mean 38.9 (SD 7.7) v 40.5 (8.8); adjusted mean difference -1.83, 95\% confidence interval -3.12 to -0.55) and unreasonable expectations of child development (40.9 (9.9) v 42.7 (9.6); -2.18, -3.74 to -0.62). Mean scores for nurturing parenting and maternal mental health were similar in the two groups at both times.

CONCLUSIONS: A universal parenting programme resulted in modest improvement in parenting factors that predict behavioural problems in children but did not reduce externalising behavioural problems or affect maternal mental health at 2 years. Trial registration ISRCTN 77531789.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Mental Health, Mothers, Parenting, Psychotherapy, Group, Treatment Outcome, Victoria}, issn = {1756-1833}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.39451.609676.AE}, author = {Hiscock, Harriet and Bayer, Jordana K and Price, Anna and Ukoumunne, Obioha C and Rogers, Susan and Wake, Melissa} } @article {5897, title = {Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {371}, number = {9610}, year = {2008}, note = {1474-547x
Hoddinott, John
Maluccio, John A
Behrman, Jere R
Flores, Rafael
Martorell, Reynaldo
HD-046125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
TW-05598/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
Lancet. 2008 Feb 2;371(9610):411-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60205-6.}, month = {Feb 2}, pages = {411-6}, edition = {2008/02/05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Substantial, but indirect, evidence suggests that improving nutrition in early childhood in developing countries is a long-term economic investment. We investigated the direct effect of a nutrition intervention in early childhood on adult economic productivity. METHODS: We obtained economic data from 1424 Guatemalan individuals (aged 25-42 years) between 2002 and 2004. They accounted for 60\% of the 2392 children (aged 0-7 years) who had been enrolled in a nutrition intervention study during 1969-77. In this initial study, two villages were randomly assigned a nutritious supplement (atole) for all children and two villages a less nutritious one (fresco). We estimated annual income, hours worked, and average hourly wages from all economic activities. We used linear regression models, adjusting for potentially confounding factors, to assess the relation between economic variables and exposure to atole or fresco at specific ages between birth and 7 years. FINDINGS: Exposure to atole before, but not after, age 3 years was associated with higher hourly wages, but only for men. For exposure to atole from 0 to 2 years, the increase was US$0.67 per hour (95\% CI 0.16-1.17), which meant a 46\% increase in average wages. There was a non-significant tendency for hours worked to be reduced and for annual incomes to be greater for those exposed to atole from 0 to 2 years. INTERPRETATION: Improving nutrition in early childhood led to substantial increases in wage rates for men, which suggests that investments in early childhood nutrition can be long-term drivers of economic growth.}, keywords = {*Dietary Supplements, Adult, Child, Child Nutrition Disorders/*diet therapy, Child, Preschool, Employment/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Guatemala, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/statistics \& numerical data, Social Class}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60205-6}, author = {Hoddinott, J. and Maluccio, J. A. and Behrman, J. R. and Flores, R. and Martorell, R.} } @book {528, title = {Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Fully Revised Third Edition}, year = {2007}, pages = {787}, publisher = {UNICEF}, organization = {UNICEF}, abstract = {

The newly revised third edition of the Handbook provides a detailed reference for the implementation of law, policy and practice to promote and protect the rights of children. It brings together under each article an analysis of the Committee on the Right of the Child\’s growing interpretation during its first fourteen years and examination of over 300 of its Concluding Observations following consideration of States\’ reports. The Handbook also provides a concise description of the role, power and procedures, and developing activities of the Committee and its appendices include a guide to related United Nations bodies and texts of key instruments.

}, isbn = { 978-92-806-4183-7 }, url = {http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_43110.html}, author = {Hodgkin, R. and Newell, P. and UNICEF.} } @article {611, title = {The pathways to prevention project: The first five years, 1999-2004. Sydney, Australia: Mission Australia and the Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice \& Governance}, year = {2006}, institution = {Griffith University}, url = {https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/13382/pathways-final.pdf}, author = {R. Hommel and K. Freiberg and C. Lamb and M. Leech and A. Carr and A. Hampshire} } @article {5898, title = {Future Directions in the Study of Early-Life Stress and Physical and Emotional Health: Implications of the Neuroimmune Network Hypothesis}, journal = {J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, year = {2018}, note = {1537-4424
Hostinar, Camelia E
Nusslock, Robin
Miller, Gregory E
P30 DA027827/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
F32 HD078048/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 HL122328/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH077908/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH100117/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 HD058502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
England
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018 Jan-Feb;47(1):142-156. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1266647. Epub 2017 Jan 20.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {142-156}, edition = {2017/01/21}, abstract = {Early-life stress is associated with increased vulnerability to physical and emotional health problems across the lifespan. The recently developed neuroimmune network hypothesis proposes that one of the underlying mechanisms for these associations is that early-life stress amplifies bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and the immune system, contributing to several mental and physical health conditions that have inflammatory underpinnings, such as depression and coronary heart disease. Neuroimmune crosstalk is thought to perpetuate inflammation and neural alterations linked to early-life stress exposure, and also foster behaviors that can further compromise health, such as smoking, drug abuse and consumption of high-fat diets. The goal of the present review is to briefly summarize the neuroimmune network hypothesis and use it as a starting point for generating new questions about the role of early-life stress in establishing a dysregulated relationship between neural and immune signaling, with consequences for lifespan physical and emotional health. Specifically, we aim to discuss implications and future directions for theory and empirical research on early-life stress, as well as for interventions that may improve the health and well-being of children and adolescents living in adverse conditions.}, isbn = {1537-4416}, doi = {10.1080/15374416.2016.1266647}, author = {Hostinar, C. E. and Nusslock, R. and Miller, G. E.} } @article {5046, title = {Working nonstandard schedules and variable shifts in low-income families: associations with parental psychological well-being, family functioning, and child well-being}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, note = {Hsueh, JoAnn
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
5-T32-MH15742/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2007/05/09 09:00
Dev Psychol. 2007 May;43(3):620-32. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.620.}, month = {May}, pages = {620-32}, abstract = {Longitudinal data from the New Hope Project--an experimental evaluation of a work-based antipoverty program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin--was used to explore concurrent and lagged associations of nonstandard schedules and variable shifts with parental psychological well-being, regularity of family mealtimes, and child well-being among low-income families. Working a combination of variable shifts and nonstandard hours was associated concurrently with lower teacher-reported school performance and engagement and higher levels of externalizing behavior problems. Fixed nonstandard schedules were associated with lagged decreases in parent-reported school performance, whereas working variable shifts was associated with lagged increases in parent-reported school performance.}, keywords = {*Family Relations, Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis/psychology, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents/*psychology, Poverty/*psychology, Quality of Life/*psychology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological/complications, Wisconsin, Work Schedule Tolerance/*psychology}, isbn = {0012-1649 (Print)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Hsueh, J. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5899, title = {The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {Lancet Public Health}, volume = {2}, number = {8}, year = {2017}, note = {2468-2667
Hughes, Karen
Bellis, Mark A
Hardcastle, Katherine A
Sethi, Dinesh
Butchart, Alexander
Mikton, Christopher
Jones, Lisa
Dunne, Michael P
001/World Health Organization/International
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Review
Systematic Review
England
Lancet Public Health. 2017 Aug;2(8):e356-e366. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4. Epub 2017 Jul 31.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e356-e366}, edition = {2017/12/19}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May 6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. FINDINGS: Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants. Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two); moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I(2) of >75\%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes. INTERPRETATION: To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their life-course effect on health. FUNDING: Public Health Wales.}, keywords = {*Health Status, *Life Change Events, Humans}, doi = {10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4}, author = {Hughes, K. and Bellis, M. A. and Hardcastle, K. A. and Sethi, D. and Butchart, A. and Mikton, C. and Jones, L. and Dunne, M. P.} } @article {6124, title = {Early Caregiving Intervention Holds Promise for Long-term Improvements in Neural Function Following Adversity}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-02-2019}, pages = {e15 - e16}, issn = {00063223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.005}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322318320833}, author = {Humphreys, Kathryn L.} } @book {6478, title = {My Hero is You, Storybook for Children on COVID-19 (available in 24 languages)}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Inter-Agency Standing Committee}, organization = {Inter-Agency Standing Committee}, keywords = {children, COVID-19, resilience}, url = {https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-reference-group-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-emergency-settings/my-hero-you}, author = {IASC} } @article {7329, title = {Missing from the story: The urgent need for better data to protect children on the move}, year = {2021}, institution = { International Data Alliance for Children on the Move (IDAC)}, keywords = {children on the move, Displaced persons, migrants and refugees}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/}, author = {IDAC} } @article {6483, title = {Childcare in the COVID-19 Era: A Guide for Employers}, year = {2020}, publisher = {International Finance Corporation}, abstract = {This guidance note is a companion to IFC{\textquoteright}s Global Guide for Employer-Supported Childcare and outlines ways in which employers can support the care and family needs of their employees during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and fulfill their obligations under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. (See: https://bit.ly/2VurqSP)}, keywords = {COVID-19, employers}, url = {https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/gender+at+ifc/resources/childcare+and+covid+guidance+for+employers?fbclid=IwAR3D4ibB_N6CUsd3zU_3ozwYZxheQOoFX4GYHpgPvqvas_deJ789NF2Upug}, author = {IFC and WHO} } @article {7195, title = {Non-formal Education for Adolescents and Youth in Crisis and Conflict Contexts: a Proposed Taxonomy (Background Paper)}, year = {2020}, publisher = {e Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE}, keywords = {adolescents, crisis and conflict, Education, youth}, url = {https://inee.org/system/files/resources/Non-formal\%20Education\%20for\%20Adolescents\%20and\%20Youth\%20in\%20Crisis\%20and\%20Conflict\%20a\%20Proposed\%20Taxonomy\%20and\%20Background\%20Paper.pdf}, author = {INEE} } @article {3196, title = {INEE Background Paper on Psychosocial Support and Social and Emotional Learning for Children and Youth in Emergency Settings}, year = {2016}, address = {New York}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1126/20161219_PSS_SEL_Background_Note_Digital_Final.pdf}, author = {IRC and International Rescue Committee} } @article {7061, title = {20 Years of INEE: Achievements and Challenges in Education in Emergencies}, year = {2020}, institution = {Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE)}, keywords = {children and youth, education in emergencies}, url = {https://inee.org/blog/20-years-inee-achievements-and-challenges-education-emergencies?fbclid=IwAR2UJlGKThvzJLzBoBuDR-Pwf5O0jF4oIc_tps2VmYQ_dyMsyxLoRLPWGho}, author = {INEE} } @article {7262, title = {Journal on Education in Emergencies (JEiE)}, year = {2021}, keywords = {Early childhood education, Humanitarianism, Research}, url = {https://inee.org/journal}, author = {INEE} } @article {3146, title = {INEE Guidance Note on Conflict Sensitive Education}, year = {2013}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1150/INEE_GN_on_Conflict_Sensitive_Education\%5B1\%5D.pdf}, author = {INEE and The Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies} } @article {7392, title = {Fatherhood Institute research summary: Fathers{\textquoteright} impact on their children{\textquoteright}s learning and achievement}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Fatherhood Institute}, keywords = {African-Caribbean fathers, early years, Muslim fathers, Parenting education, Schools, Separated families, Vulnerable families}, url = {http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/2013/fatherhood-institute-research-summary-fathers-and-their-childrens-education/}, author = {Fatherhood Institute} } @article {7273, title = {The Impacts of Tutoring Informed by Social-Emotional Learning: An Analysis Across Crisis Contexts}, year = {2021}, publisher = {International Rescue Committee (IRC)}, keywords = {education in emergencies, Lebanon, Niger, refugee children, Sierra Leone, social emotional}, url = {https://steinhardt.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/2021-07/\%5Baccessible\%5D\%203EA_Global\%20Policy\%20Brief_2021.07.15.pdf?fbclid=IwAR04gr0Qbiz-iOU2cPi2wvyMmatq2-7vR3DB0kfdr57WfbYCQJeVDfxXWvA}, author = {InternationalRescueCommittee and GlobalTiesforChildren and DubaiCares} } @article {5900, title = {Family Support Surrounding Child Abuse: Treatment and Education}, journal = {Jpn J Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {57}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, pages = {769-782}, abstract = {As only 7\% of abuse cases handled by the Child Guidance Centers in Japan result in removal of the children from their homes, the majority of maltreated children continue life within the community with their original families. Although community support is available for parents and children of mild to moderate abuse cases, lack of human resources and effective programs for their support and treatment remain the challenge.

The aim of support in abuse cases is to help children recover from the negative impacts of abuse, allowing for healthy development through nurture of self-esteem. Family support is provided to achieve that goal by changing abusive parenting behavior, and shifting the home into an environment conducive to the child{\textquoteright}s emotional and physical development. This process often requires support not only for the parents, but multidimensional approaches including care for the child, the parent-child relationship, and help in bridging the parents with support from relatives, acquaintances, and the community. Abusive behaviors can at times be lessened by helping to relieve parents from isolation, reducing stress in their everyday life, and promoting the family{\textquoteright}s strengths and independence. However, some parents, particularly those with histories of being abused, require treatment and education to acquire appropriate parenting skills, and to reconstruct the parent-child relationship.

This article reviews the compound factors giving rise to child abuse, classification of abuse by the mechanism fostering abuse helpful in determining the types of required support, supportive networks encompassing welfare, education, medical care and justice. Treatment and educational modalities are overviewed, including the Alternatives for Families: A Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AF-CBT) {\textemdash}an evidence-based treatment program developed in the US targeting both parents and children{\textemdash}comprised of core elements with proven efficacy in supporting families with abuse issues (safety planning, psychoeducation, emotion regulation, restructuring thoughts, parent training, and clarification of responsibility for abusive behavior and apology).}, keywords = {AF-CBT (Alternatives for Families: A Cognitive Behavior Therapy), child abuse, family support, parent training, treatment}, doi = {10.20615/jscap.57.5_769}, author = {Inuzuka, M.} } @article {6068, title = {The Effects of a Play-Based Preschool Learning Program in Rural Ghana}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA)}, address = {New Haven, CT US}, abstract = {As in many other developing countries, children under the age of five in rural Ghana often fail to reach their developmental potential. Researchers partnered with the Institute for Fiscal Studies and the organization Lively Minds to evaluate the impact of a low-cost, play-based learning program on early childhood cognitive development. Preliminary results suggest that the Lively Minds program is an effective and potentially scalable way to improve children{\textquoteright}s{\textquoteright} cognitive and socio-emotional development, health, and school readiness.}, keywords = {early childhood cognitive development, Ghana, Health, play-based preschool, preschool, school rediness, socio-emotional development}, url = {https://www.poverty-action.org/printpdf/33336}, author = {IPA} } @article {384, title = {Traumatic and stressful events in early childhood: can treatment help those at highest risk?}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jul}, pages = {504-13}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study involves a reanalysis of data from a randomized controlled trial to examine whether child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), an empirically based treatment focusing on the parent-child relationship as the vehicle for child improvement, is efficacious for children who experienced multiple traumatic and stressful life events (TSEs).

METHODS: Participants comprised 75 preschool-aged children and their mothers referred to treatment following the child\&$\#$39;s exposure to domestic violence. Dyads were randomly assigned to CPP or to a comparison group that received monthly case management plus referrals to community services and were assessed at intake, posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Treatment effectiveness was examined by level of child TSE risk exposure (\<4 risks versus 4+ TSEs).

RESULTS: For children in the 4+ risk group, those who received CPP showed significantly greater improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms, PTSD diagnosis, number of co-occurring diagnoses, and behavior problems compared to those in the comparison group. CPP children with \<4 risks showed greater improvements in symptoms of PTSD than those in the comparison group. Mothers of children with 4+ TSEs in the CPP group showed greater reductions in symptoms of PTSD and depression than those randomized to the comparison condition. Analyses of 6-month follow-up data suggest improvements were maintained for the high risk group.

CONCLUSIONS: The data provide evidence that CPP is effective in improving outcomes for children who experienced four or more TSEs and had positive effects for their mothers as well.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Numerous studies show that exposure to childhood trauma and adversity has negative consequences for later physical and mental health, but few interventions have been specifically evaluated to determine their effectiveness for children who experienced multiple TSEs. The findings suggest that including the parent as an integral participant in the child\&$\#$39;s treatment may be particularly effective in the treatment of young children exposed to multiple risks.

}, keywords = {Adult, California, Child, Preschool, Domestic Violence, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parent-Child Relations, Psychotherapy, Questionnaires, Referral and Consultation, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.009}, author = {Ghosh Ippen, Chandra and Harris, William W and Van Horn, Patricia and Lieberman, Alicia F} } @article {5987, title = {Alone and unsafe: Children, migration, and sexual and gender-based violence}, year = {2018}, pages = {28}, institution = {IFRC}, address = {Geneva}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child migration, child sexual abuse, gender-based violence, migration, Refugees, sexual violence}, url = {https://childhub.org/en/child-protection-online-library/alone-and-unsafe}, author = {IRFC} } @article {5901, title = {The Equalizing Power of Early Child Development: From the Commission on Social Determinants of Health to Action}, journal = {Child Health Education}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, pages = {146-161}, abstract = {This article synthesizes knowledge about opportunities to improve the state of early child development globally. Research confirms a strong association between child survival and child development. The evidence and its interpretation are derived primarily from three sources: (a) peer-reviewed scientific literature, (b) reports from governments, international agencies, and civil society groups, and (c) a knowledge network of experts in ECD. The principal insight of our knowledge synthesis is that nurturant qualities of the environments where children grow, live, and learn{\textemdash}parents, caregivers, family, and community{\textemdash}will have the most significant impact on their development. We propose ways in which government and civil society actors, from local to international, can provide equitable access to strong nurturant environments for all children globally.}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.597.2653\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf}, author = {Irwin, L. G. and Siddiqi, A. and Hertzman, C.} } @book {529, title = {Early child development: A powerful equalizer}, year = {2007}, publisher = {HELP Research Institute, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia}, organization = {HELP Research Institute, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia}, address = {British Colmbia, Cananda}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69729/a91213.pdf;jsessionid=A7143793E301E3D8E3C43B172AF6B681?sequence=1}, author = {G. L. Irwin and A. Siddiqui and C. Hertzman} } @article {6529, title = {Early childhood educators: Supporting professionalism during COVID-19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Nobody imagined that childhood educators would have to leave their kindergartens and daycare centers to perform their demanding and complex profession from home, without any in-person interaction with children and their families. This sudden change asks early childhood educators to shift from being the greatest facilitator of a child\’s learning and development in the indoor or outdoor kindergarten environment, to being the greatest supporter of parents to ensure continuity in their child\’s learning and development while at home. Learn more ...

In this webinar, panelists share examples from Albania, Croatia and the Netherlands.

Panelists:

Sanja Brajkovic \– Director, Open Academy Step by Step (Croatia)

Simon Hay \– Board Member, Child Care International and pedagogue Child Care KindeRdam in Rotterdam (the Netherlands)

Gerda Sula \– Director, Step by Step Center (Albania)

Moderator:

Mihaela Ionescu - Program Director, ISSA (the Netherlands)

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education, Training}, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1\&v=iW3GIXno2-E\&feature=emb_logo}, author = {ISSA} } @article {5902, title = {Mediating effects of parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital on the association between child poverty and maltreatment in Japan}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {83}, year = {2018}, note = {1873-7757
Isumi, Aya
Fujiwara, Takeo
Nawa, Nobutoshi
Ochi, Manami
Kato, Tsuguhiko
Journal Article
England
Child Abuse Negl. 2018 Sep;83:142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.005. Epub 2018 Jul 17.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {142-150}, edition = {2018/07/20}, abstract = {Child poverty is well known as a major risk factor for child maltreatment. However, it is not known whether parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital mediate the association. We examined the mediation effect of these two factors on the association between child poverty and maltreatment. In the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) Study, a questionnaire was administered to all caregivers of first-grade children in every public elementary school in Adachi City between July and November 2015, and valid responses were used for analysis (N=3944). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were employed to examine the association between child poverty and maltreatment. Child poverty was defined in this study as meeting one of these criteria: 1) household income less than 3 million yen; 2) deprivation of specific material items that children or the household requires, or 3) experience of being unable to pay for lifeline utilities. Child maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect, and psychological abuse) was answered by parents. We confirmed a robust association between child poverty and maltreatment. Mediation analysis indicated that parental psychological distress mediated more than 60\% of the association between child poverty on physical abuse and psychological abuse, while individual-level social capital mediated only 10\% of the association with any type of maltreatment. In addition, structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the association was mediated by both parental psychological distress and social capital simultaneously. The findings suggest that supporting parental psychological distress may be an effective intervention to remedy the negative impact of child poverty on maltreatment.}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, child poverty, Social capital, Social Support}, isbn = {0145-2134}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.005}, author = {Isumi, A. and Fujiwara, T. and Nawa, N. and Ochi, M. and Kato, T.} } @article {367, title = {Adaptation and implementation of the nurse-family partnership in Canada.}, journal = {Can J Public Health}, volume = {103}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {eS42-8}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: International agencies are required to adapt, pilot and then evaluate the effectiveness of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) prior to broad implementation of this public health intervention. The objectives of this qualitative case study were to: 1) determine whether the NFP can be implemented in Canada with fidelity to the US model, and 2) identify the adaptations required to increase the acceptability of the intervention for service providers and families.

PARTICIPANTS: 108 low-income, first-time mothers in Hamilton, Ontario, received the NFP intervention. In-depth interviews were conducted with NFP clients (n=38), family members (n=14) and community professionals (n=24).

SETTING: Hamilton, Ontario.INTERVENTION AND DATA COLLECTION: An intensive nurse home visitation program delivered to women starting early in pregnancy and continuing until the child was two years old. Processes to adapt and implement the NFP were explored across seven focus groups with public health nurses and managers. Eighty documents were reviewed to identify implementation challenges. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis.

OUTCOMES: The NFP model elements are acceptable to Canadian health care providers, public health nurses and families receiving the intervention. The primary adaptation required was to reduce nurse caseloads from 25 to 20 active clients. Recommendations for adapting and implementing all model elements are described.

CONCLUSION: The NFP model requires minor adaptations to increase the acceptability of the intervention to Canadian stakeholders. A consistent approach to adapting the NFP program in Canada is necessary as provincial jurisdictions commit themselves to supporting an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the NFP.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Infant, Maternal-Child Nursing, Models, Nursing, Models, Organizational, Ontario, Organizational Case Studies, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Professional-Family Relations, Program Evaluation, Public Health Nursing, Qualitative Research, Vulnerable Populations, Young Adult}, issn = {1920-7476}, author = {Jack, S. M. and Busser, D. and Sheehan, D. and Gonzalez, A. and Zwygers, E. J. and MacMillan, H. L.} } @article {366, title = {Violent conflict and opiate use in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review.}, journal = {Int J Drug Policy}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Mar}, pages = {196-203}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Violent conflicts disproportionately affect populations in low and middle-income countries, and exposure to conflict is a known risk factor for mental disorders and substance use, including use of illicit opiates. Opiate use can be particularly problematic in resource-limited settings because few treatment options are available and dependence can impede economic development. In this systematic review, we explore the relationship between violent conflict and opiate use in conflict-affected populations in low and middle-income countries.

METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, PILOTS, and select grey literature databases using a defined list of key terms related to conflict and opiate use, screened the results for relevant and methodologically rigorous studies, and conducted a forward search of the bibliographies of selected results to identify additional studies.

RESULTS: We screened 707 articles, selecting 6 articles for inclusion: 4 quantitative studies and 2 qualitative studies that examined populations in 9 different countries. All study participants were adults (aged 15-65) living in or displaced from a conflict-affected country. Data sources included death records, hospital records, and interviews with refugees, internally displaced persons, and others affected by conflict. Overall, we found a positive, but ambiguous, association between violent conflict and opiate use, with five of six studies suggesting that opiate use increases with violent conflict. Five key factors mediate the conceptual relationship between opiate use and violent conflict: (1) pre-conflict opiate presence, (2) mental disorders, (3) lack of economic opportunity, (4) changes in social norms or structure, and (5) changes in drug availability.

CONCLUSIONS: The strength and direction of the association between opiate use and violent conflict and the proposed mediating factors may differ between contexts, necessitating country and population-specific research and interventions. Prevalence of opiate use prior to the start of conflict was common to all populations in which conflict induced a change in opiate use, suggesting that interventions to reduce opiate use and future research should focus on such populations. Population-based, longitudinal studies that use systematic measures of exposure to conflict and opiate use are needed to further explore this association and its mediating factors.

}, keywords = {Conflict (Psychology), Developing Countries, Humans, Mental Disorders, Opioid-Related Disorders, Refugees, Risk Factors, Social Control, Informal, Violence}, issn = {1873-4758}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.11.003}, author = {Jack, Helen and Masterson, Amelia Reese and Khoshnood, Kaveh} } @article {368, title = {Adapting, piloting and evaluating complex public health interventions: lessons learned from the Nurse-Family Partnership in Canadian public health settings.}, journal = {Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can}, volume = {35}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Oct-Nov}, pages = {151-9}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is a home-visit program for young and first-time, socially and economically disadvantaged mothers. Evidence from three United States randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of this intervention at improving pregnancy outcomes, improving child health and development, and increasing maternal economic self-sufficiency is robust. However, the effectiveness of the NFP in Canada, with its different health and social care context, needs to be determined. The purpose of this article is to describe the complex process for moving the NFP from the research arena to full implementation in Canada.

METHODS: This process of evaluation in Canada includes (1) adapting the intervention; (2) piloting the intervention in small-scale feasibility and acceptability studies; and (3) conducting an RCT and process evaluation through a study called the British Columbia Healthy Connections Project (BCHCP). This large-scale evaluation also creates an opportunity to expand the NFP evidence base by conducting an additional study to examine potential biological mechanisms linking intervention and behavioural outcomes in children.

RESULTS: Adaptation of the NFP home-visit materials is a continuous process. A pilot project determined that it was feasible to enrol eligible women into the NFP. This pilot also determined that, in Canada, it was most appropriate for public health agencies to implement the NFP and for public health nurses to deliver the intervention. Finally, the pilot showed that this intensive home-visit program was acceptable to clients, their family members and health care providers. Through the BCHCP, the next steps - the RCT and process evaluation - are currently underway. The BCHCP will also set the foundation for long-term evaluation of key public health outcomes in a highly vulnerable population of families.

}, issn = {2368-738X}, author = {Jack, S. M. and Catherine, N. and Gonzalez, A. and MacMillan, H. L. and Sheehan, D. and Waddell, D.} } @article {6168, title = {The Importance of Early Childhood Education in an Age of Global Disruption}, year = {2018}, month = {04/2018}, publisher = {Global Ed Leadership}, abstract = {Steve Jacobson writes about his work with colleagues in New Zealand as they study ECE and how school leaders can assist parents. ECE is the foundation for learning and it{\textquoteright}s crucial that all school systems provide high quality, evidence-based programs.}, keywords = {early childhood education (ECE), New Zealand, Perry PreSchool Study}, url = {https://globaledleadership.org/2018/04/18/the-importance-of-early-childhood-education-in-an-age-of-global-disruption/}, author = {Jacobso, S.} } @article {6173, title = {Business and family-friendly policies. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {breastfeeding, childcare support, early childhood development, employment policies, family-friendly policies, maternal physical and mental health, parental leave}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Business-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Jayasekaran, S. and Kampfer, I. and Kip, C. and Knaak, B. and UNICEF} } @article {369, title = {Mental health research in the Syrian humanitarian crisis.}, journal = {Front Public Health}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {44}, issn = {2296-2565}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2014.00044}, author = {Jefee-Bahloul, Hussam and Khoshnood, Kaveh} } @article {7381, title = {Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: a cluster-randomized trial in RwandaIntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionTrial registration number}, journal = {BMJ Global Health}, volume = {6}, year = {2021}, month = {May-01-2023}, pages = {e003508}, keywords = {early childhood development, parenting program, Rwanda, violence prevention}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508}, url = {https://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508}, author = {Jensen, Sarah KG and Placencio-Castro, Matias and Murray, Shauna M and Brennan, Robert T and Goshev, Simo and Farrar, Jordan and Yousafzai, Aisha and Rawlings, Laura B and Wilson, Briana and Habyarimana, Emmanuel and Sezibera, Vincent and Betancourt, Theresa S} } @article {7377, title = {{\textquotedblleft}His mind will work better with both of us{\textquotedblright}: a qualitative study on fathers{\textquoteright} roles and coparenting of young children in rural Pakistan}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {18}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-12-2018}, keywords = {early childhood development, Fathers, Pakistan, Parenting, Qualitative Research}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-018-6143-9}, url = {https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6143-9}, author = {Jeong, Joshua and Siyal, Saima and Fink, G{\"u}nther and McCoy, Dana Charles and Yousafzai, Aisha K.} } @article {7223, title = {Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {PLOS Medicine}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {Oct-05-2021}, pages = {e1003602}, keywords = {early childhood development, parenting interventions}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602}, author = {Jeong, Joshua and Franchett, Emily E. and Ramos de Oliveira, Clariana V. and Rehmani, Karima and Yousafzai, Aisha K.}, editor = {Persson, Lars {\r A}ke} } @book {530, title = {Cooperative Learning: Increasing College Faculty Instructional Productivity: ASHE-ERIC High Education Research Reports}, year = {1991}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9781878380098}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=jmfuAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Johnson, D.W. and Johnson, R.T. and Smith, K.A.} } @article {370, title = {The science of early life toxic stress for pediatric practice and advocacy.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {131}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Feb}, pages = {319-27}, abstract = {

Young children who experience toxic stress are at high risk for a number of health outcomes in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, cancers, asthma, and depression. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently called on pediatricians, informed by research from molecular biology, genomics, immunology, and neuroscience, to become leaders in science-based strategies to build strong foundations for children\&$\#$39;s life-long health. In this report, we provide an overview of the science of toxic stress. We summarize the development of the neuroendocrine-immune network, how its function is altered by early life adversity, and how these alterations then increase vulnerability to disease. The fact that early environments shape and calibrate the functioning of biological systems very early in life is both a cautionary tale about overlooking critical periods in development and reason for optimism about the promise of intervention. Even in the most extreme cases of adversity, well-timed changes to children\&$\#$39;s environments can improve outcomes. Pediatricians are in a unique position to contribute to the public discourse on health and social welfare by explaining how factors that seem distal to child health may be the key to some of the most intractable public health problems of our generation. We consider the challenges and opportunities for preventing toxic stress in the context of contemporary pediatric practice.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Asthma, Brain, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infant, Life Change Events, Neoplasms, Neuroimmunomodulation, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurosecretory Systems, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Psychophysiology, Social Environment, Young Adult}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2012-0469}, author = {Johnson, Sara B and Riley, Anne W and Granger, Douglas A and Riis, Jenna} } @article {5396, title = {Early childhood development: the global challenge}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {369}, number = {9555}, year = {2007}, note = {Jolly, Richard
eng
Comment
England
2007/01/09 09:00
Lancet. 2007 Jan 6;369(9555):8-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60007-5.}, month = {Jan 6}, pages = {8-9}, keywords = {*Global Health, Child Development, Child Mortality/*trends, Child Nutrition Disorders/*prevention \& control, Child Welfare/*statistics \& numerical data/trends, Child, Preschool, Fluid Therapy/*utilization, Health Promotion/*methods, Humans, Immunization Programs, Infant}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Jolly, R.} } @article {6143, title = {Early Social-Emotional Functioning and Public Health: The Relationship Between Kindergarten Social Competence and Future Wellness}, journal = {American Journal of Public Health}, volume = {105}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-11-2015}, pages = {2283 - 2290}, keywords = {kindergarten, Public Health, social-emotional functioning}, issn = {0090-0036}, doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630}, url = {http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302630}, author = {Jones, Damon E. and Greenberg, Mark and Crowley, Max} } @article {6014, title = {What he knows about her and how it affects her? Husband{\textquoteright}s knowledge of pregnancy complications and maternal health care utilization among tribal population in Maharashtra, India}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-12-2019}, keywords = {father involvement, Maharashtra India, maternal health, Pregnancy Complications}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-019-2214-x}, url = {https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-019-2214-xhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12884-019-2214-x.pdf}, author = {Jungari, Suresh and Paswan, Balram} } @article {6156, title = {Early childhood development and early learning for children in crisis and conflict}, year = {2018}, publisher = {UNESCO}, keywords = {Displacement, early childhood development (ECD), early learning, Education, migration}, url = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000266072}, author = {Bouchane. K and Yoshikawa, H. and Murphy, K. M. and Lombardi, J.} } @article {706, title = {Final report to UNICEF: Going global with early learning and development standards}, year = {2005}, note = {New York: Columbia University, National Center for Children and Families. Retrieved February 9, 2006, from http://ccf.tc.columbia.edu/pdf/UNICEF_final_report_4\%2011\%2005_arb.pdf (no longer accessible since March 28, 2008)}, publisher = {Columbia University. National Center for Children and Families}, abstract = {

A description of the collaboration between Columbia University and UNICEF to help six countries develop standards for the early learning and development of childrenThis report describes the collaboration between Columbia University and UNICEF to help six countries develop standards for the early learning and development of children. Representatives from each of the six countries (Brazil, Ghana, Jordan, Paraguay, Philippines, and South Africa) met in July 2003 for the first Early Learning and Development Standards Workshop in Istanbul, Turkey to discuss how to develop standards. The participants learned how to use a standards template so that they could adapt it to fit their country s specific needs and all six countries left the workshop with a draft plan for the development of standards. Over the course of a year the countries decided on target age ranges and domains of development based on different criteria, and by July 2004, nearly all of the countries had submitted a draft of standards to the Technical Assistance Team for review and feedback. A second Early Learning and Development Standards Workshop was held in July 2004 in Salvador, Brazil. Representatives from the six participating countries and five new countries (Chile, Columbia, Cuba, Jamaica, and Mexico) attended. The six participating countries formulated strategies for validating and implementing their early learning and development standards and the new countries learned about the development process. By the end of 2004, most countries reported they were close to meeting the goals set at the second workshop.

}, author = {Kagan, S. L. and Britto, P. R.} } @book {531, title = {The early care and education teaching workforce at the fulcrum: An agenda for reform}, year = {2008}, publisher = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s College Press}, organization = {Teacher{\textquoteright}s College Press}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Early_Care_and_Education_Teaching_Wo.html?id=xDKRDQAAQBAJ}, author = {S. Kagan and K. Kauerz and K. Tarrant} } @article {3246, title = {Child-Friendly Schooling for Peacebuilding}, year = {2014}, month = {September 2014}, institution = {Learning for Peace}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/child-friendly-schooling-for-peacebuilding}, author = {Fumiyo Kagawa, David Selby} } @book {532, title = {Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures: Theory and Applications}, year = {2007}, publisher = {L. Erlbaum Associates}, organization = {L. Erlbaum Associates}, isbn = {9780805857764}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=xMSxFtQU0VkC}, author = {K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}.} } @article {671, title = {Continuing effects of early enrichment in adult life: The Turkish Early Enrichment Project 22 years later}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, note = {532vy
Times Cited:13
Cited References Count:79}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {764-779}, abstract = {

Long-term Studies of early intervention, spanning over decades, are scarce in the United States and nonexistent in the rest of the world. The Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) is the only non-U.S. example to date. This paper reports a new follow-up assessment of the long-term outcomes of TEEP, an intervention carried out in 1983-1985 with 4-6 year old children from deprived backgrounds (previous evaluations were carried out at the completion of the intervention and seven years later). Findings from 131 of the original 255 participants indicate more favorable outcomes for children who received either mother training or educational preschool, or both, compared to those who had neither, in terms of educational attainment. occupational status, age of beginning gainful employment, and some indicators of integration into modern urban life, such as owning a computer. Further analyses of the intervention effects on the complete post-intervention developmental trajectories indicated that children whose cognitive deficits prior to the intervention were mild to moderate but not severe benefited from early enrichment. Thus, a majority of the children who received early enrichment had more favorable trajectories of development into young adulthood in the cognitive/achievement and social developmental domains than comparable children who did not receive enrichment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. Ail rights reserved.

}, keywords = {children, early childhood intervention, early enrichment, early-childhood intervention, families, home, Income, juvenile-delinquency, long-term effects, mother training, preschool education, program, school, turkey, united-states}, isbn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.003}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/8_continuing_effects_of_early_intervention_in_adult_life.pdf}, author = {K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S. and Baydar, N. and Cemalcilar, Z.} } @inbook {5668, title = {Interventions: What has worked and why?}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {305 - 322}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {16}, abstract = {Early childhood interventions are implemented to make a difference in people{\textquoteright}s lives, but demonstrating how they have worked is a challenge. Because many programs reported in the literature are conducted in high-income countries, results are not representative or balanced. This chapter reviews the evidence obtained from a range of early childhood interventions designed to reduce violence and build peace, and the outcomes that were achieved in children and parents. Classic longitudinal as well as more nascent early childhood interventions are analyzed using a broad framework. These interventions focus on young children and families and are associated with peaceful outcomes at individual, family, and community levels. The mechanisms by which benefits contribute to the peaceful outcomes are unclear. However, at child and family levels, these outcomes are predictors of reduced violence and a culture of peace in adulthood. It is suggested that early experiences pave the way to positive outcomes later in life, and thus early interventions are important. Programmatic and policy-level strategies are proposed to link peacebuilding with early childhood behavior, and a call is made to improve the direct measurement of peace promotion outcomes.}, keywords = {early childhood interventions, peacebuilding, peacemaking, violence mitigation}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0016}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Kagitcibasi, Cigdem and Britto, Pia R.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {670, title = {Long-term effects of early intervention: Turkish low-income mothers and children}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, year = {2001}, note = {467fk
Times Cited:61
Cited References Count:62}, pages = {333-361}, abstract = {

The two studies reported in this paper comprise the Turkish Early Enrichment Project (TEEP) spanning a period of 10 years. Both studies were conducted with mothers and children in low-income, low-education areas of Istanbul. Study I involved an examination over 4 years of the effects of two different types of early enrichment (intervention), child-focused (center-based) and mother-focused (home-based). Study 2 was a follow-up of Study 1, 7 years after the end of project intervention. Although both interventions produced superior cognitive skills and school adjustment at the end of the program, follow-up assessments in Study 2 revealed that parent-focused intervention had numerous sustained effects in terms of school attainment, higher primary school grades and vocabulary scores, more favorable attitudes towards school, and better family and social adjustment, while most effects of center-based intervention had dissipated (with the notable exception of negative effects of custodial, as opposed to educational, day care). It is concluded that home-based early enrichment through the mediation of the mother is a highly effective strategy with multiple positive outcomes in contexts of socioeconomic disadvantage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {care, competence, delinquency, early enrichment, early-childhood intervention, Education, experience, family support, follow-up, intervention, parental involvement, prevention, school}, isbn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/S0193-3973(01)00071-5}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64f1/7c7befc87693172fe8129fce31e4ef0f1caa.pdf}, author = {K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S.} } @article {5904, title = {Continuing effects of the Turkish Early Enrichment Project in adult life}, journal = {J Appl Dev Psychol}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, pages = {764-779}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/8_continuing_effects_of_early_intervention_in_adult_life.pdf}, author = {Ka{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i},{\c C}. and Sunar, D. and Bekman, S. and Cemalclar, Z.} } @article {5903, title = {Long-term effects of early intervention: Turkish low-income mothers and children}, journal = {J Appl Dev Psychol}, volume = {22}, year = {2001}, pages = {333-361}, abstract = {This study looks at the long-term effects of an educational early learning home environment in Istanbul, Turkey. Researchers examined preschool settings to determine the long-term effects of four different environments: non-educational child care, educational nursery schools, and two types of home care{\DH}one involving mothers who received the intervention and one in which mothers simply provided home-based care. The results suggested that mother training and an educational preschool environment both had positive effects on cognitive development and grades in language and mathematics. Mother training also had a significant effect on general ability scores. Both interventions (educational preschool and mother training) were effective in cognitive outcomes. In homes in which the mothers took part in the training program there were additional gains, possibly caused by positive changes in the mother herself, which then affected her relationship with the child and family. A total of 280 children from lower income families participated in the study; researchers assigned them randomly to treatment groups. For the intervention researchers adapted the HIPPY Program{\DH}Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters{\DH}to provide cognitive awareness and learning activities and supplemented it with group discussions and other parent supports for strengthening home communication skills. They then assessed the children on cognitive skills and grades at the end of each grade level up to age 15 and analyzed data to look for differences that were most likely to result from the preschool environment. The authors indicate that much first year data was lost as a result of computer failure. In almost one-third of homes where parent training did not occur, report cards were lost, so data were incomplete. Regardless, the researchers seemed to have accounted for circumstance and designed a rigorous study that contributes to what communities need to know about quality early care and education.}, keywords = {Early enrichmen, intervention, parental involvement}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64f1/7c7befc87693172fe8129fce31e4ef0f1caa.pdf}, author = {Ka{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i},{\c C}. and Sunar, D., and Bekman, S.} } @article {7067, title = {COVID-19 interfaith guide}, year = {2020}, publisher = {The International Dialogue Centre (KAICIID)}, keywords = {COVID-19, interfaith, interreligious}, url = {https://www.kaiciid.org/publications-resources/covid-19-interfaith-guide}, author = {KAICIID} } @article {189, title = {A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training program effectiveness.}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {36}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May}, pages = {567-89}, abstract = {

This component analysis used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the results of 77 published evaluations of parent training programs (i.e., programs that included the active acquisition of parenting skills) to enhance behavior and adjustment in children aged 0-7. Characteristics of program content and delivery method were used to predict effect sizes on measures of parenting behaviors and children\&$\#$39;s externalizing behavior. After controlling for differences attributable to research design, program components consistently associated with larger effects included increasing positive parent-child interactions and emotional communication skills, teaching parents to use time out and the importance of parenting consistency, and requiring parents to practice new skills with their children during parent training sessions. Program components consistently associated with smaller effects included teaching parents problem solving; teaching parents to promote children\&$\#$39;s cognitive, academic, or social skills; and providing other, additional services. The results have implications for selection and strengthening of existing parent training programs.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child of Impaired Parents, Child, Preschool, Education, Humans, Infant, Parenting, Personality Development, Problem Solving, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Social Adjustment, Socialization, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0091-0627}, doi = {10.1007/s10802-007-9201-9}, author = {Kaminski, Jennifer Wyatt and Valle, Linda Anne and Filene, Jill H and Boyle, Cynthia L} } @article {408, title = {Stigma building blocks: how instruction and experience teach children about rejection by outgroups.}, journal = {Pers Soc Psychol Bull}, volume = {38}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Mar}, pages = {357-69}, abstract = {

Gaining an understanding of intergroup relations and outgroup rejection is an important childhood development. Children learn about rejection by outgroups via their own experiences and external instruction. A comparison of the impact of experience and instruction on first-, third-, and fifth-grade children\&$\#$39;s evaluations of rejection by outgroups in a minimal-groups paradigm suggests that the relative impact of experience and instruction differs as children age. In Study 1, younger children were more influenced by instruction, and older children were more influenced by what they experienced for themselves. In Study 2, younger children were more influenced by instruction, even when that instruction conflicted with what they experienced; older children were more influenced by their own experiences, even when those experiences contradicted what they were told to expect. These findings suggest that children begin learning about outgroup rejection through instruction but start to rely more on their own experiences as they age.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Learning, Male, Models, Educational, Prejudice, Problem-Based Learning, Rejection (Psychology), Social Distance, Social Identification, Social Stigma, Stereotyping}, issn = {1552-7433}, doi = {10.1177/0146167211426729}, author = {Kang, Sonia K and Inzlicht, Michael} } @article {409, title = {Annual Research Review: The neurobiology and physiology of resilience and adaptation across the life course.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {337-47}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Adaptation is key to survival. An organism must adapt to environmental challenges in order to be able to thrive in the environment in which they find themselves. Resilience can be thought of as a measure of the ability of an organism to adapt, and to withstand challenges to its stability. In higher animals, the brain is a key player in this process of adaptation and resilience, and through a process known as \"allostasis\" can obtain \"stability through change\"; protecting homeostasis in the face of stressors in the environment. Mediators of allostasis, such as glucocorticoids, can cause changes in the structure and function of neural circuits, clearly impacting behavior. How developmental stage interacts with stress and leads to long-lasting changes is a key question addressed in this review.

SCOPE AND METHODS: We discuss the concept of allostasis, its role in resilience, the neural and physiological systems mediating these responses, the modulatory role of development, and the consequences for adult functioning. We present this in the context of mediators the brain and body engage to protect against threats to homeostasis. The review has been informed by comprehensive searches on PubMed and Scopus through November 2012.

FINDINGS: Stressors in the environment can have long lasting effects on development, depending upon the stage of life at which they are experienced. As such, adverse childhood experiences can alter resilience of individuals, making it more difficult for them to respond normally to adverse situations in adulthood, but the brain maintains the capacity to re-enter a more plastic state where such effects can be mitigated.

CONCLUSIONS: The brain regulates responses that allow for adaptation to challenges in the environment. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to stability can be considered as \"resilience\". While adverse childhood experiences can have long-term negative consequences, under the right circumstances, the brain can re-enter plastic states, and negative outcomes may be mitigated, even later in life.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Allostasis, Animals, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Homeostasis, Hormones, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical, Neurotransmitter Agents, Psychophysiology, Resilience, Psychological, Sex Characteristics, Social Environment, Young Adult}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12054}, author = {Karatsoreos, Ilia N and Karatoreos, Ilia N and McEwen, Bruce S} } @article {4386, title = {Indicators of family care for development for use in multicountry surveys}, journal = {J Health Popul Nutr}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Kariger, Patricia
Frongillo, Edward A
Engle, Patrice
Britto, Pia M Rebello
Sywulka, Sara M
Menon, Purnima
eng
Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Bangladesh
2013/01/12 06:00
J Health Popul Nutr. 2012 Dec;30(4):472-86.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {472-86}, abstract = {Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of each candidate item as well as in-country focus groups to test the content validity of the items. The quantitative methods included analyses of item-response distributions, using bivariate techniques. The selected items measured two family care practices (support for learning/stimulating environment and limit-setting techniques) and caregiving resources (adequacy of the alternate caregiver when the mother worked). Six play-activity items, indicative of support for learning/stimulating environment, were included in the core module of UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Multiple Cluster Indictor Survey 3. The other items were included in optional modules. This project provided, for the first time, a globally-relevant set of items for assessing family care practices and resources in epidemiological surveys. These items have multiple uses, including national monitoring and cross-country comparisons of the status of family care for development used globally. The obtained information will reinforce attention to efforts to improve the support for development of children.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Welfare, *Cross-Cultural Comparison, *Health Surveys, *Parenting, Africa, Brazil, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Nepal, Psychosocial Deprivation, Social Environment}, isbn = {1606-0997 (Print)
1606-0997 (Linking)}, author = {Kariger, P. and Frongillo, E. A. and Engle, P. and Britto, P. M. and Sywulka, S. M. and Menon, P.} } @inbook {580, title = {Race, gender, and young children}, booktitle = {Developmental psychopathology: Perspectives on adjustment, risk, and disorder}, year = {1997}, pages = {51-74}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge, UK}, url = {http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/psychology/developmental-psychology/developmental-psychopathology-perspectives-adjustment-risk-and-disorder}, author = {P. A. Katz and J. A. Kofkin}, editor = {S. S. Luthar and J. A. Burack and D. Cicchetti and J. R. Weisz} } @book {533, title = {Fostering and Measuring Skills}, year = {2014}, note = {}, publisher = {OECD Publishing}, organization = {OECD Publishing}, doi = {10.1787/19939019}, url = {http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/fostering-and-measuring-skills_5jxsr7vr78f7-en}, author = {Kautz, T., and Heckman, J.J. and Diris, R. and Weel, B. and Borghans, L.} } @article {190, title = {Parent-child relationships of boys in different offending trajectories: a developmental perspective.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {53}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Dec}, pages = {1222-32}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: This study tested the theoretical assumption that transformations of parent-child relationships in late childhood and adolescence would differ for boys following different offending trajectories.

METHODS: Using longitudinal multiinformant data of 503 boys (ages 7-19), we conducted Growth Mixture Modeling to extract offending trajectories. Developmental changes in child reports of parent-child joint activities and relationship quality were examined using Latent Growth Curves.

RESULTS: Five offending trajectories were found: non-offenders, moderate childhood offenders, adolescent-limited offenders, serious childhood offenders, and serious persistent offenders. Non-offenders reported high and stable levels of relationship quality between age 10 and 16. Adolescent-limited offenders reported a similarly high relationship quality as non-offenders at ages 7 and 10, but a lower and decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Compared with non-offenders, serious persistent offenders reported poorer parent-child relationship quality at all ages, and a decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Serious persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders reported similar levels and changes in parent-child relationship quality in adolescence. Although serious persistent offenders reported fewer joint activities at age 10 and 13 than non-offenders, a similar linear decrease in joint activities in early to middle adolescence was found for boys in each trajectory.

CONCLUSION: Developmental changes in parent-child relationship quality differ for different types of offenders. This finding has scientific and practical implications.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development, Criminals, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Pennsylvania, Risk Factors, Urban Population, Young Adult}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02585.x}, author = {Keijsers, Loes and Loeber, Rolf and Branje, Susan and Meeus, Wim} } @book {5725, title = {The Cultural Nature of Attachment: Contextualizing Relationships and Development}, year = {2018}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {attachment and bonding}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/cultural-nature-attachment}, author = {Keller, H. and Bard, K. A.} } @inbook {581, title = {Conflict Analysis and Resolution}, booktitle = {Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology}, year = {2003}, pages = {315-353}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, organization = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, url = {http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199760107.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199760107}, author = {H. C. Kelman and R. J. Fisher}, editor = {D. O. Sears et al} } @article {672, title = {The Problem-Solving Workshop: A Social-Psychological Contribution to the Resolution of International Conflicts}, journal = {Journal of Peace Research}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, year = {1976}, pages = {79-90}, publisher = {Sage Publications, Ltd.}, abstract = {

Problem-solving workshops represent a social-psychological approach to conflict resulution, in which members of conflicting national groups engage in unofficial, direct communication under the guidance of social scientists. Setting, agenda, ground rules, procedures, and interventions are designed to promote an analytical orientation. After describing a hypothetical workshop, the paper focuses on the theoretical assumptions of the approach, the change strategies it employs, and its relationship to political processes. Among issues considered are the potentially conflicting requirements for producing changes and for transferring such changes to the policy process; the criteria for selecting participants; the advantages of focusing on specific functional problems; the use of academic auspices and norms in creating a novel context to counteract conflict norms; the role of third party interventions in the form of theoretical inputs, content observations, and process observations; and the possible contributions of workshop products to pre-negotiation, negotiation, and post-negotiation processes.

}, isbn = {00223433}, doi = {10.2307/423340}, author = {Kelman, H. C. and Cohen, S. P.} } @article {410, title = {Autonomic substrates of the response to pups in male prairie voles.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {e69965}, abstract = {

Caregiving by nonparents (alloparenting) and fathers is a defining aspect of human social behavior, yet this phenomenon is rare among mammals. Male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) spontaneously exhibit high levels of alloparental care, even in the absence of reproductive experience. In previous studies, exposure to a pup was selectively associated with increased activity in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons along with decreased plasma corticosterone. In the present study, physiological, pharmacological and neuroanatomical methods were used to explore the autonomic and behavioral consequences of exposing male prairie voles to a pup. Reproductively na\ïve, adult male prairie voles were implanted with radiotransmitters used for recording ECG, temperature and activity. Males responded with a sustained increase in heart-rate during pup exposure. This prolonged increase in heart rate was not explained by novelty, locomotion or thermoregulation. Although heart rate was elevated during pup exposure, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) did not differ between these males and males exposed to control stimuli indicating that vagal inhibition of the heart was maintained. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors with atenolol abolished the pup-induced heart rate increase, implicating sympathetic activity in the pup-induced increase in heart rate. Blockade of vagal input to the heart delayed the males\&$\#$39; approach to the pup. Increased activity in brainstem autonomic regulatory nuclei was also observed in males exposed to pups. Together, these findings suggest that exposure to a pup activates both vagal and sympathetic systems. This unique physiological state (i.e. increased sympathetic excitation of the heart, while maintaining some vagal cardiac tone) associated with male caregiving behavior may allow males to both nurture and protect infants.

}, keywords = {Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists, Animals, Atenolol, Autonomic Nervous System, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Heart Rate, Male, Oxytocin, Paternal Behavior, Social Behavior, Vasopressins}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0069965}, author = {Kenkel, William M and Paredes, Jamespaul and Lewis, Gregory F and Yee, Jason R and Pournajafi-Nazarloo, Hossein and Grippo, Angela J and Porges, Stephen W and Carter, C Sue} } @article {411, title = {Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {197}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Nov}, pages = {378-85}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders.

AIMS: To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries.

METHOD: Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

RESULTS: Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8\% of all disorders across countries.

CONCLUSIONS: Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Age of Onset, Causality, Child, Child Abuse, Child of Impaired Parents, Child, Preschool, Crime, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Health, Family Relations, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Young Adult}, issn = {1472-1465}, doi = {10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080499}, author = {Kessler, Ronald C and McLaughlin, Katie A and Green, Jennifer Greif and Gruber, Michael J and Sampson, Nancy A and Zaslavsky, Alan M and Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio and Alhamzawi, Ali Obaid and Alonso, Jordi and Angermeyer, Matthias and Benjet, Corina and Bromet, Evelyn and Chatterji, Somnath and de Girolamo, Giovanni and Demyttenaere, Koen and Fayyad, John and Florescu, Silvia and Gal, Gilad and Gureje, Oye and Haro, Josep Maria and Hu, Chi-Yi and Karam, Elie G and Kawakami, Norito and Lee, Sing and L{\'e}pine, Jean-Pierre and Ormel, Johan and Posada-Villa, Jos{\'e} and Sagar, Rajesh and Tsang, Adley and Ust{\"u}n, T Bedirhan and Vassilev, Svetlozar and Viana, Maria Carmen and Williams, David R} } @inbook {5546, title = {Epigenetics: Significance of the gene-environment interface for brain development}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {65-77}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {5}, abstract = {Brain development in humans extends over a very lengthy time period, initially in utero and subsequently embracing attachment interactions with the mother, social interactions with peers, and the emotional turmoil of puberty. Puberty is a period of development when those cortical regions concerned with forward planning and emotional control undergo synaptic pruning and reorganization of connection strengths. Each of these life phases is developmentally important in shaping and being shaped by the maternal and social environments. Although genetics forms the scaffold for brain development, the detail of connectivities is determined by the kind of environment in which the brain functions. The brain, more than any other organ, is a product of gene-environment interaction. The in utero environment is the most protected of environments and has evolved strong maternal-fetal coadaptations. The fetal placenta hormonally interfaces with and regulates the mother{\textquoteright}s brain (hypothalamus) at a time when these same parts of the fetal brain (hypothalamus) are themselves developing. This transgenerational coordinated development is under the control of epigenetically regulated imprinted genes. Since the maternal hypothalamus controls all aspects of care and provisioning, offspring in receipt of such quality care will themselves be both genetically and epigenetically predisposed to good mothering of the next generation. However, impairments at the placental level caused by stress, toxins, or poor nutrition may impact adversely on the developing hypothalamus, and hence mothering of the next generation. A peaceful, secure environment is thus of paramount importance to a mother for securing a successful pregnancy and for the security of well-being in raising her offspring. Further, we need to take into account how events experienced in utero also shape the outcome of future generations, since epigenetic reprogramming of future oocytes (matrilineal contribution to grandchild) occurs at the earliest (epiblast) stages of in utero ovarian development. The postnatal formative years of the brain are strongly influenced by mother-infant interactions. The brain{\textquoteright}s mechanisms for reward that subserve mother-infant-mother (p.66) affiliation subsequently extend to the reward process of social interaction later in life. Throughout the first two decades of development, functional contacts are made across the brain{\textquoteright}s billions of neurons, involving trillions of synapses such that no two brains are the same, not even those of genetically identical twins. Since consolidation of neural connectivities is activity dependent, the environments that generate this activity determine the functional details of these structural connections. Our brains are very much a product of the pre- and postnatal niche in which they develop and survive.}, keywords = {brain development, gene-environment interactions, neural connectivities, puberty}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0005}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {E. B. Keverne} } @article {673, title = {Trophoblast regulation of maternal endocrine function and behaviour}, journal = {Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast}, year = {2006}, note = {Byg15
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:52}, pages = {148-168}, keywords = {central-nervous-system, DNA Methylation, early-pregnancy, giant-cells, Growth, human-placenta, leptin, mouse embryo, prolactin family, receptor}, doi = {10.1017/Cbo9780511545207.012}, author = {Keverne, E. B.} } @article {674, title = {A Way of Thinking about Parent/Teacher Partnerships for Teachers Le partenariat parent/enseignant: Un autre point de vue Una forma de reflexionar sobre la asociacio{\textasciiacute}n Padre/Maestro para maestros}, journal = {International Journal of Early Years Education}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, year = {2002}, month = {2002/10/01}, pages = {177-191}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {

While the value of the home/school partnership is universally accepted, it is not always easy to promote or maintain. This paper focuses on the parent/teacher aspect since it is really the nucleus of the partnership. Unlike other kinds of relationships in people\&$\#$39;s lives, the parent/teacher pairing occurs by assignment rather than by choice. The common interest is the schooling of the child. Mutual trust and two-way communication are essential features of an effective parent/teacher partnership The degree of success teachers have in developing such a partnership with parents depends heavily not only on the \&$\#$39;fit\&$\#$39; between parental cares and concerns and those of the teacher, but also on a variety of other factors. They include: the degree of match between a teacher\&$\#$39;s and a parent\&$\#$39;s culture and values; the societal forces at work on family and school; and how teachers and parents view their roles. The paper presents a review of literature related to parent/teacher partnerships; and proposes a theoretical approach that incorporates Bronfenbrenner\&$\#$39;s ecology, Getzels\&$\#$39; social system, Katz\&$\#$39;s and Hoover and Dempsey\&$\#$39;s work on the role of parents, and Epstein\&$\#$39;s typology of parental involvement. This systemic approach, which frames the factors in an ecological and social system perspective, may enable teachers to visualize how complex and dynamic the parent/teacher partnership is, provide a framework to view events from more than one perspective, and help teachers monitor their responses to individual situations as they seek to work more effectively with diverse families. In order to test this assumption, the theoretical approach has been shared with students, teachers and directors, all of whom evaluated its usefulness. In this presentation the theoretical approach and the immediate and follow-up evaluations will be shared. Bien que l\&$\#$39;on appr\écie la valeur du partenariat foyer/\école cela n\&$\#$39;est pas toujours facile \à promouvoir ou \à soutenir. Cette discussion vise l\&$\#$39;appariement parent/enseignant qui est \àla base de cet accord. Contraire aux autres rapports personnels, celui-ci est une fonction de designation, pas de choix. Ce qui les unis, c\&$\#$39;estla scolarisation de l\&$\#$39;enfant. L\&$\#$39;essentiel de cet appariement depend de la confiance mutuelle et de la communication ouverte entre les deux. L\&$\#$39;apparente r\éussite de l\&$\#$39;enseignant dans un tel accord d\épend en grande partie non seulement de l\&$\#$39;accord entre les int\ér\êts du parent vis-\à-vis ceux de l\&$\#$39;enseignant mais aussi d\&$\#$39;une vari\ét\é d\&$\#$39;autres forces telles que la concordance entre les valeurs culturelles du parent et de l\&$\#$39;enseignant, les forces de la soci\ét\é impos\ées \à la famille et \à l\&$\#$39;\école, la fa\çon dont chacun envisage son r\ôle. Cette discussion offre une revue des articles d\édi\és \à ce sujet et ensuite elle propose une approche th\éor\étique qui comprend le syst\ème \écologique de Bronfenbrenner, le syst\ème social de Getzels, les \études de Katz, Hoover et Dempsey sur le r\ôle des parents, et la topologie de l\&$\#$39;engagement parental. Cette approche syst\ématique qui vise tous les \él\éments d\&$\#$39;une perspective \écologique et sociale peut servir \à aider l\&$\#$39;enseignant \à comprendre la complexit\é et le dynanisme de cet appariement parent/enseignant; il lui fournit un objectif lui permettant de visionner les \év\énements d\&$\#$39;un point de vue multiple; il l\&$\#$39;aide \à manier ses r\éactions \à des situations divergeantes dans ses efforts \à trouver un moyen plus efficace de travailler avec les familles diverses de ses \él\èves. A pesar de que la asociaci\ón casa/escuela est\á universalmente aceptada, no siempre es f\ácil de promocionar o mantener. Este trabajo se enfoca en el aspecto padre/ maestro ya que conforma el n\úcleo de esta asociaci\ón. A diferencia de otras relaciones personales, el emparejamiento padre/maestro ocurre m\ás por necesidad que por propia elecci\ón. El com\ún denominador es la escolarizaci\ón del ni\ño. Dos aspectos importantes para lograr una asociaci\ón efectiva Padre/Maestro son la confianza mutua y la comunicaci\ón en ambas direcciones. El nivel de \éxito que los maestros tienen al desarrollar esta asociaci\ón con los padres depende enormemente no s\ólo de \"el ajuste\" entre las preocupaciones y prioridades de los padres y los maestros sino tambi\én en una variedad de otros factores. Entre ellos se pueden citar: el grado de concordancia entre los valores y la cultura del maestro y de los padres; el impacto de la sociedad en la familia y la escuela; y c\ómo los padres y los maestros consideran sus propios roles. Este trabajo presenta una revisi\ón de los escrito en cuanto a las asociaciones padre/maestro, y propone una aproximaci\ón te\órica que incorpora la ecolog\ía de Bronfenbrenner, el sistema social de Getzels, el rol de los padres en los trabajos de Katz y Hoover y Dempsey, y la tipolog\ía de la participaci\ón paternal de Epstein. Esta aproximaci\ón sistem\ática que encuadra los factores desde una perspectiva de sistema ecol\ógico y social puede capacitar a los maestros para visualizar la complejidad y la din\ámica de la asociaci\ón padre/maestro, proveerles de una estructura para examinar las circunstancias desde m\ás de una perspectiva, y ayudarles a categorizar sus reacciones frente a circunstancias individuales al tiempo que buscan trabajar de una manera m\ás efectiva con familias diversas.

}, isbn = {0966-9760}, doi = {10.1080/0966976022000044726}, author = {Keyes, Carol R.} } @article {6132, title = {Early childhood development and psychosocial support in Syria}, journal = {Forced Migration Review; Oxford}, year = {2019}, pages = {8-10}, abstract = {From the onset of the Syrian crisis, internally displaced persons from all over Syria sought safe haven in Salamieh District in eastern Hama Governorate, increasing the population by 40\% to its current total of 300,000. Many of those who were displaced -- including children -- were suffering from severe trauma. Humanitarian actors in Salamieh City, including the Syrian Arab Red Crescent and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), deployed psychosocial support teams but responders soon realized that they were unprepared for dealing with the sheer extent of mental health needs. The AKDN therefore developed a strategic plan for providing comprehensive psychosocial support in Salamieh District, using sustainable, community-based approaches to mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS). In addition to advocacy and awareness raising around MHPSS in conflict settings, and strengthening capacity in terms of skills and number of mental health workers, the plan also incorporated protection elements specifically designed for children.}, keywords = {Advocacy, Child Development, childhood, children, Children \& youth, Community mental health, Consciousness, Displaced persons, Early childhood education, Health insurance, Humanitarianism, Incentives, Internally displaced persons, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Mental health care, Mental Health Services, Parents \& parenting, Participation, Protection, Relocation, Skills, Teams, Trauma}, issn = {14609819}, url = {https://www.fmreview.org/education-displacement/khaddour}, author = {Khaddour, F.} } @article {5905, title = {Prenatal maternal infection, neurodevelopment and adult schizophrenia: a systematic review of population-based studies}, journal = {Psychol Med}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {1469-8978
Khandaker, G M
Zimbron, J
Lewis, G
Jones, P B
G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
095844/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
095844/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
088869/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
094790/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Systematic Review
England
Psychol Med. 2013 Feb;43(2):239-57. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000736. Epub 2012 Apr 16.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {239-57}, edition = {2012/06/22}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Disruption of foetal development by prenatal maternal infection is consistent with a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Whether specific prenatal infections are involved, their timing and the mechanisms of any effect are all unknown. We addressed these questions through a systematic review of population-based studies. METHOD: Electronic and manual searches and rigorous quality assessment yielded 21 studies that included an objective assessment of individual-level prenatal maternal infection and standardized psychotic diagnoses in adult offspring. Methodological differences between studies necessitated a descriptive review. RESULTS: Results for prenatal maternal non-specific bacterial, respiratory or genital and reproductive infection differed between studies, which reported up to a two- to fivefold increased risk of schizophrenia. Evidence for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Toxoplasma gondii was mixed; some studies reported up to a doubling of schizophrenia risk. Prenatal HSV-1 or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were not associated with increased risk. Exposure to influenza or other infections during early pregnancy may be more harmful than later exposure. Increased proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy were also associated with risk. Prenatal infection was associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to a range of infections and inflammatory responses may be associated with risk of adult schizophrenia. Larger samples, mediation and animal models should be used to investigate whether there is a {\textquoteright}sensitive period{\textquoteright} during development, and the effects of prenatal infections on neurodevelopment. Inclusion of genetic and immunological information should help to elucidate to what extent genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia may be explained by vulnerability to infection.}, keywords = {*Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Adult, Animals, Autoimmunity, Brain/*abnormalities/physiopathology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Cytokines/metabolism, Databases, Bibliographic, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*epidemiology/immunology, Pregnancy Trimesters, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia/*epidemiology/etiology/immunology}, isbn = {0033-2917}, doi = {10.1017/s0033291712000736}, author = {Khandaker, G. M. and Zimbron, J. and Lewis, G. and Jones, P. B.} } @article {191, title = {Breastfeeding, brain activation to own infant cry, and maternal sensitivity.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {52}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {907-15}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Research points to the importance of breastfeeding for promoting close mother-infant contact and social-emotional development. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified brain regions related to maternal behaviors. However, little research has addressed the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal behavior in human mothers. We investigated the associations between breastfeeding, maternal brain response to own infant stimuli, and maternal sensitivity in the early postpartum.

METHODS: Seventeen biological mothers of healthy infants participated in two matched groups according to feeding method - exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive formula-feeding at 2-4 weeks postpartum. fMRI scanning was conducted in the first postpartum month to examine maternal brain activation in response to her own baby\&$\#$39;s cry versus control baby-cry. Dyadic interactions between mothers and infants at 3-4 months postpartum were videotaped in the home and blindly coded for maternal sensitivity.

RESULTS: In the first postpartum month, breastfeeding mothers showed greater activations in the superior frontal gyrus, insula, precuneus, striatum, and amygdala while listening to their own baby-cry as compared to formula-feeding mothers. For both breastfeeding and formula-feeding mothers, greater activations in the right superior frontal gyrus and amygdala were associated with higher maternal sensitivity at 3-4 months postpartum.

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest links between breastfeeding and greater response to infant cues in brain regions implicated in maternal-infant bonding and empathy during the early postpartum. Such brain activations may facilitate greater maternal sensitivity as infants enter their social world.

}, keywords = {Adult, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Breast Feeding, Connecticut, Corpus Striatum, Crying, Cues, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Postpartum Period}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02406.x}, author = {Kim, P. and Feldman, R. and Mayes, L. C. and Eicher, V. and Thompson, N. and Leckman, J. F. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4066, title = {A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Perceived Infant Outcomes at 18-24 Months: Neural and Psychological Correlates of Parental Thoughts and Actions Assessed during the First Month Postpartum.}, journal = {Front Psychol}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {1772}, abstract = {

The first postpartum months constitute a critical period for parents to establish an emotional bond with their infants. Neural responses to infant-related stimuli have been associated with parental sensitivity. However, the associations among these neural responses, parenting, and later infant outcomes for mothers and fathers are unknown. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated the relationships between parental thoughts/actions and neural activation in mothers and fathers in the neonatal period with infant outcomes at the toddler stage. At the first month postpartum, mothers (n = 21) and fathers (n = 19) underwent a neuroimaging session during which they listened to their own and unfamiliar baby{\textquoteright}s cry. Parenting-related thoughts/behaviors were assessed by interview twice at the first month and 3-4 months postpartum and infants{\textquoteright} socioemotional outcomes were reported by mothers and fathers at 18-24 months postpartum. In mothers, higher levels of anxious thoughts/actions about parenting at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with infant{\textquoteright}s low socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Anxious thoughts/actions were also associated with heightened responses in the motor cortex and reduced responses in the substantia nigra to own infant cry sounds. On the other hand, in fathers, higher levels of positive perception of being a parent at the first month postpartum, but not at 3-4 months postpartum, were associated with higher infant socioemotional competencies at 18-24 months. Positive thoughts were associated with heightened responses in the auditory cortex and caudate to own infant cry sounds. The current study provides evidence that parental thoughts are related to concurrent neural responses to their infants at the first month postpartum as well as their infant{\textquoteright}s future socioemotional outcome at 18-24 months. Parent differences suggest that anxious thoughts in mothers and positive thoughts in fathers may be the targets for parenting-focused interventions very early postpartum.

}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01772}, author = {Kim, P. and Rigo, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C. and Cole, P. M. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4086, title = {EARLY POSTPARTUM PARENTAL PREOCCUPATION AND POSITIVE PARENTING THOUGHTS: RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENT-INFANT INTERACTION.}, journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, volume = {34}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Mar-Apr}, pages = {104-116}, abstract = {

Parenting behaviors and parent-infant emotional bonding during the early postpartum months play a critical role in infant development. However, the nature and progression of parental thoughts and their relationship with interactive behaviors have received less research. The current study investigated the trajectory of parental thoughts and behaviors among primiparous mothers ( = 18) and fathers ( = 15) and multiparous mothers ( = 13) and fathers ( = 13), which were measured at the first and third postpartum month. At the third postpartum month, the relationship between parental thoughts and parental interactive behaviors also was tested. Mothers and fathers showed high levels of preoccupations and caregiving thoughts during the first postpartum month that significantly declined by the third postpartum month. In contrast, positive thoughts about parenting and the infant increased over the same time interval. Mothers presented higher levels of preoccupations and positive thoughts than did fathers, and first-time parents reported more intense preoccupations than did experienced parents. Although maternal sensitivity was inversely related to maternal anxious thoughts, paternal sensitivity was predicted by higher levels of anxious as well as caregiving and positive thoughts.

}, issn = {1097-0355}, doi = {10.1002/imhj.21359}, author = {Kim, P. and Mayes, L. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4571, title = {The plasticity of human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period}, journal = {Behav Neurosci}, volume = {124}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {Kim, Pilyoung
Leckman, James F
Mayes, Linda C
Feldman, Ruth
Wang, Xin
Swain, James E
eng
K05MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
RC2 MD004767/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/
5K05DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K05 DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32 MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05 MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2010/10/14 06:00
Behav Neurosci. 2010 Oct;124(5):695-700. doi: 10.1037/a0020884.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {695-700}, abstract = {Animal studies suggest that structural changes occur in the maternal brain during the early postpartum period in regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, parietal lobe, and prefrontal cortex and such changes are related to the expression of maternal behaviors. In an attempt to explore this in humans, we conducted a prospective longitudinal study to examine gray matter changes using voxel-based morphometry on high resolution magnetic resonance images of mothers{\textquoteright} brains at two time points: 2-4 weeks postpartum and 3-4 months postpartum. Comparing gray matter volumes across these two time points, we found increases in gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobes, and midbrain areas. Increased gray matter volume in the midbrain including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and amygdala was associated with maternal positive perception of her baby. These results suggest that the first months of motherhood in humans are accompanied by structural changes in brain regions implicated in maternal motivation and behaviors.}, keywords = {Adult, Brain/*anatomy \& histology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated, Neuronal Plasticity, Postpartum Period/*psychology}, isbn = {1939-0084 (Electronic)
0735-7044 (Linking)}, author = {Kim, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C. and Feldman, R. and Wang, X. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {4081, title = {Neural plasticity in fathers of human infants.}, journal = {Soc Neurosci}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {522-35}, abstract = {

Fathering plays an important role in infants{\textquoteright} socioemotional and cognitive development. Previous studies have identified brain regions that are important for parenting behavior in human mothers. However, the neural basis of parenting in human fathers is largely unexplored. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated structural changes in fathers{\textquoteright} brains during the first 4~months postpartum using voxel-based morphometry analysis. Biological fathers (n~=~16) with full-term, healthy infants were scanned at 2-4~weeks postpartum (time 1) and at 12-16~weeks postpartum (time 2). Fathers exhibited increase in gray matter (GM) volume in several neural regions involved in parental motivation, including the hypothalamus, amygdala, striatum, and lateral prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, fathers exhibited decreases in GM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and insula. The findings provide evidence for neural plasticity in fathers{\textquoteright} brains. We also discuss the distinct patterns of associations among neural changes, postpartum mood symptoms, and parenting behaviors among fathers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Depression, Fathers, Gray Matter, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Organ Size, Parenting, Time Factors}, issn = {1747-0927}, doi = {10.1080/17470919.2014.933713}, author = {Kim, P. and Rigo, P. and Mayes, L. C. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {192, title = {Perceived quality of maternal care in childhood and structure and function of mothers{\textquoteright} brain.}, journal = {Dev Sci}, volume = {13}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul}, pages = {662-73}, abstract = {

Animal studies indicate that early maternal care has long-term effects on brain areas related to social attachment and parenting, whereas neglectful mothering is linked with heightened stress reactivity in the hippocampus across the lifespan. The present study explores the possibility, using magnetic resonance imaging, that perceived quality of maternal care in childhood is associated with brain structure and functional responses to salient infant stimuli among human mothers in the first postpartum month. Mothers who reported higher maternal care in childhood showed larger grey matter volumes in the superior and middle frontal gyri, orbital gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. In response to infant cries, these mothers exhibited higher activations in the middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, whereas mothers reporting lower maternal care showed increased hippocampal activations. These findings suggest that maternal care in childhood may be associated with anatomy and functions in brain regions implicated in appropriate responsivity to infant stimuli in human mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Crying, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1467-7687}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00923.x}, author = {Kim, P. and Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L.C. and Newman, M. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E.} } @article {6917, title = {Early Childhood Services for Young Refugee Children: Cross-Country Analysis}, year = {2020}, institution = {Moving Minds Alliance}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {Bangladesh, early childhood services, Jordan, refugee children, refugee families, Uganda}, url = {https://shared.rti.org/content/early-childhood-services-young-refugee-children-cross-country-analysis}, author = {King, K.M. and Pouezevara, S. and Edwards, L.} } @article {5729, title = {The war on children: Time to end grave violations against children in conflict}, year = {2018}, institution = {Save the Children}, address = {London}, keywords = {violence exposure, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.savethechildren.org/content/dam/usa/reports/advocacy/war-on-children-report-us.PDF}, author = {Kirollos, M. and Anning, C. and Fylkesnes, G. K. and Denselow, J.} } @article {5051, title = {Welfare reform, family support, and child development: perspectives from policy analysis and developmental psychopathology}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, note = {Knitzer, J
Yoshikawa, H
Cauthen, N K
Aber, J L
eng
2001/02/24 12:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2000 Autumn;12(4):619-32.}, month = {Autumn}, pages = {619-32}, abstract = {This article explores the implications of recent welfare-related policy change for the well-being of children in low-income families, and for research investigating child development processes and outcomes. It provides an overview of current welfare-related policies and explores the implications for developmental researchers. The article also synthesizes early findings from research, highlighting both overall impacts and the more nuanced evidence that while families are transitioning off welfare, only a small number are transitioning out of poverty, and a subgroup of families at risk are not faring well. It then examines, from a theoretical and methodological framework, what developmental psychopathology might bring to the study of welfare-related impacts on children in the context of this complex and changing policy landscape, and what welfare researchers might bring to the field of developmental psychopathology. The article concludes with broad recommendations for both research and policy.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Family Therapy, *Health Care Reform, *Policy Making, *Social Support, Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child Health Services/*organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Humans, Mental Disorders/*therapy, Personality Development, Social Welfare/*trends, United States}, isbn = {0954-5794 (Print)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Knitzer, J. and Yoshikawa, H. and Cauthen, N. K. and Aber, J. L.} } @article {5743, title = {Ending violence in childhood. Global report 2017}, year = {2017}, institution = {Know Violence in Childhood}, address = {New Delhi, India}, keywords = {Child maltreatment, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/12380/pdf/global_report_2017_ending_violence_in_childhood.pdf}, author = {KnowViolenceInChildhood} } @article {5719, title = {Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America{\textquoteright}s future workforce}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S AProc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {103}, number = {27}, year = {2006}, note = {Knudsen, Eric I
Heckman, James J
Cameron, Judy L
Shonkoff, Jack P
eng
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2006/06/28 09:00
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 5;103(27):10155-10162. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600888103. Epub 2006 Jun 26.}, month = {Jul 5}, pages = {10155-10162}, abstract = {A growing proportion of the U.S. workforce will have been raised in disadvantaged environments that are associated with relatively high proportions of individuals with diminished cognitive and social skills. A cross-disciplinary examination of research in economics, developmental psychology, and neurobiology reveals a striking convergence on a set of common principles that account for the potent effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development. Central to these principles are the findings that early experiences have a uniquely powerful influence on the development of cognitive and social skills and on brain architecture and neurochemistry, that both skill development and brain maturation are hierarchical processes in which higher level functions depend on, and build on, lower level functions, and that the capacity for change in the foundations of human skill development and neural circuitry is highest earlier in life and decreases over time. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most efficient strategy for strengthening the future workforce, both economically and neurobiologically, and improving its quality of life is to invest in the environments of disadvantaged children during the early childhood years.}, keywords = {*Behavior, *Neurobiology, Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Brain/anatomy \& histology/physiology, Child, Cognition/physiology, Employment/*economics/*psychology, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Time Factors, United States}, isbn = {0027-8424 (Print)
0027-8424 (Linking)}, author = {Knudsen, E. I. and Heckman, J. J. and Cameron, J. L. and Shonkoff, J. P.} } @article {412, title = {Economic, neurobiological, and behavioral perspectives on building America{\textquoteright}s future workforce.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {103}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Jul 5}, pages = {10155-62}, abstract = {

A growing proportion of the U.S. workforce will have been raised in disadvantaged environments that are associated with relatively high proportions of individuals with diminished cognitive and social skills. A cross-disciplinary examination of research in economics, developmental psychology, and neurobiology reveals a striking convergence on a set of common principles that account for the potent effects of early environment on the capacity for human skill development. Central to these principles are the findings that early experiences have a uniquely powerful influence on the development of cognitive and social skills and on brain architecture and neurochemistry, that both skill development and brain maturation are hierarchical processes in which higher level functions depend on, and build on, lower level functions, and that the capacity for change in the foundations of human skill development and neural circuitry is highest earlier in life and decreases over time. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most efficient strategy for strengthening the future workforce, both economically and neurobiologically, and improving its quality of life is to invest in the environments of disadvantaged children during the early childhood years.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Animals, Behavior, Brain, Child, Cognition, Employment, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Neurobiology, Time Factors, United States}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0600888103}, author = {Knudsen, Eric I and Heckman, James J and Cameron, Judy L and Shonkoff, Jack P} } @article {3261, title = {"Mothers Speaking: A Study on the Experience of Mothers with Mother-Child Education Program (MOCEP) "}, year = {2009}, publisher = {University Faculty of Education}, address = {Bebek Istanbul}, doi = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13502930485209351}, author = {A. Ko{\c c}ak and S. Bekman} } @article {614, title = {Mothers speaking: A study on the experience of mothers with mother-child education program (MOCEP)}, journal = {European Early Childhood Education Research Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2007}, month = {06/2007}, publisher = {Bo{\u g}azi{\c c}i University Faculty of Education}, chapter = {115}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, abstract = {

This study aimed to investigate the experiences of mothers participating in MOCEP in Istanbul, through a qualitative research methodology. Overall effectiveness of the programme, its implementation and how the mothers benefited were the main concerns. The study was carried out with 20 mothers. Individual and focus interviews, participant observation and diary keeping were used. The results revealed that the programme created some changes in mother-child relationship, in mothers, children and fathers. The effects of the programme were categorised as direct and side effects, and the direction of the effect was indicated as positive or negative. The effects of the programme on mothers were examined in two aspects: the change in the mother\&$\#$39;s behaviour and perceptions. This change in the mother was found to have three addressees: the children, the husbands and the mother herself. In addition, a causal network was used to display the relationship between the programme, the mother, the child and the father.

}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13502930485209351}, author = {Ko{\c c}ak, A. and S. Bekman} } @article {612, title = {Evaluation report of the Father-Support Program}, year = {2004}, institution = {Mother-Child Education Foundation Publications}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, url = {http://www.en.acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/6.evaluation_report_of_the_father_support_program.pdf}, author = {A. Ko{\c c}ak} } @article {5853, title = {Trauma-Informed practices for K12 schools, professional develop simulation}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Kognito}, abstract = {An interactive role-play simulation for educators to build skills, confidence, and empathy to better support students whose behavior might be related to sources of trauma or distress. It prepares users to spot warning signs of trauma, lead real-life conversations with students, improve their experience in class, and explore making a referral to a mental health professional. }, keywords = {adverse childhood experiences, childhood trauma}, url = {https://go.kognito.com/rs/143-HCJ-270/images/PK12_ProductSheet_TIPS.pdf}, author = {Kognito and UNICEF, USA} } @book {534, title = {The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages}, year = {1984}, publisher = {Harper \& Row}, organization = {Harper \& Row}, isbn = {9780060647612}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=LOtGAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Kohlberg, L.} } @article {413, title = {TET enzymes, TDG and the dynamics of DNA demethylation.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {502}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Oct 24}, pages = {472-9}, abstract = {

DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes can oxidize 5-methylcytosine has greatly advanced our understanding of DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a key nexus in demethylation that can either be passively depleted through DNA replication or actively reverted to cytosine through iterative oxidation and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Methylation, oxidation and repair now offer a model for a complete cycle of dynamic cytosine modification, with mounting evidence for its significance in the biological processes known to involve active demethylation.

}, keywords = {5-Methylcytosine, Animals, Blastocyst, Cellular Reprogramming, Cytosine, DNA Methylation, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Humans, Neoplasms, Oxidation-Reduction, Thymine DNA Glycosylase}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature12750}, author = {Kohli, Rahul M and Zhang, Yi} } @article {5246, title = {Global Mental Health: Five Areas for Value-Driven Training Innovation}, journal = {Acad Psychiatry}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Kohrt, Brandon A
Marienfeld, Carla B
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Tsai, Alexander C
Wainberg, Milton L
eng
K01 MH104310/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
2016/03/18 06:00
Acad Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;40(4):650-8. doi: 10.1007/s40596-016-0504-4. Epub 2016 Mar 16.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {650-8}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the field of global mental health, there is a need for identifying core values and competencies to guide training programs in professional practice as well as in academia. This paper presents the results of interdisciplinary discussions fostered during an annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Psychiatry and Culture to develop recommendations for value-driven innovation in global mental health training. METHODS: Participants (n = 48), who registered for a dedicated workshop on global mental health training advertised in conference proceedings, included both established faculty and current students engaged in learning, practice, and research. They proffered recommendations in five areas of training curriculum: values, competencies, training experiences, resources, and evaluation. RESULTS: Priority values included humility, ethical awareness of power differentials, collaborative action, and "deep accountability" when working in low-resource settings in low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Competencies included flexibility and tolerating ambiguity when working across diverse settings, the ability to systematically evaluate personal biases, historical and linguistic proficiency, and evaluation skills across a range of stakeholders. Training experiences included didactics, language training, self-awareness, and supervision in immersive activities related to professional or academic work. Resources included connections with diverse faculty such as social scientists and mentors in addition to medical practitioners, institutional commitment through protected time and funding, and sustainable collaborations with partners in low resource settings. Finally, evaluation skills built upon community-based participatory methods, 360-degree feedback from partners in low-resource settings, and observed structured clinical evaluations (OSCEs) with people of different cultural backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Global mental health training, as envisioned in this workshop, exemplifies an ethos of working through power differentials across clinical, professional, and social contexts in order to form longstanding collaborations. If incorporated into the ACGME/ABPN Psychiatry Milestone Project, such recommendations will improve training gained through international experiences as well as the everyday training of mental health professionals, global health practitioners, and social scientists.}, keywords = {*Global Health, *Mental Health, Clinical Competence, Community-Based Participatory Research, Cross-cultural psychiatry, Curriculum, Curriculum development, Ethnopsychology/education, Faculty, Medical, Global mental health, Health Resources, Humans, Medical education, Mentors, Psychiatry/*education, Social Responsibility, Social Values, Teaching, Training innovation}, isbn = {1545-7230 (Electronic)
1042-9670 (Linking)}, author = {Kohrt, B. A. and Marienfeld, C. B. and Panter-Brick, C. and Tsai, A. C. and Wainberg, M. L.} } @book {535, title = {Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, organization = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers}, isbn = {9781442206854}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0130.2008.00525.x}, author = {Kriesberg, L. and Dayton, B.W.} } @article {615, title = {World report on violence and health}, year = {2002}, institution = {World Health Orgnization}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42495/1/9241545615_eng.pdf}, author = {E. G. Krug and L. L. Dahlberg and J. A. Mercy} } @article {5742, title = {Psychology, Health \& Medicine: Know violence in childhood global learning initiative}, year = {2017}, keywords = {Bullying, Child maltreatment, Parenting, school violence, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cphm20/22/sup1?nav=tocList}, author = {Shiva Kuman, A. K. and Sherr, L. and Stern. V. and Subrahmanian, R.} } @article {414, title = {Genome-wide epigenetic regulation by early-life trauma.}, journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry}, volume = {69}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jul}, pages = {722-31}, abstract = {

CONTEXT: Our genome adapts to environmental influences, in part through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Variations in the quality of the early environment are associated with alterations in DNA methylation in rodents, and recent data suggest similar processes in humans in response to early-life adversity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine genome-wide DNA methylation alterations induced by early-life trauma.

DESIGN: Genome-wide study of promoter methylation in individuals with severe abuse during childhood. PATIENTS, SETTING, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Promoter DNA methylation levels were profiled using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by microarray hybridization in hippocampal tissue from 41 French-Canadian men (25 with a history of severe childhood abuse and 16 control subjects). Methylation profiles were compared with corresponding genome-wide gene expression profiles obtained by messenger RNA microarrays. Methylation differences between groups were validated on neuronal and nonneuronal DNA fractions isolated by fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. Functional consequences of site-specific promoter methylation were assessed by luciferase assays.

RESULTS: We identified 362 differentially methylated promoters in individuals with a history of abuse compared with controls. Among these promoters, 248 showed hypermethylation and 114 demonstrated hypomethylation. Validation and site-specific quantification of DNA methylation in the 5 most hypermethylated gene promoters indicated that methylation differences occurred mainly in the neuronal cellular fraction. Genes involved in cellular/neuronal plasticity were among the most significantly differentially methylated, and, among these, Alsin (ALS2) was the most significant finding. Methylated ALS2 constructs mimicking the methylation state in samples from abused suicide completers showed decreased promoter transcriptional activity associated with decreased hippocampal expression of ALS2 variants.

CONCLUSION: Childhood adversity is associated with epigenetic alterations in the promoters of several genes in hippocampal neurons.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Genome, Hippocampus, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Neurons, Promoter Regions, Genetic}, issn = {1538-3636}, doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2287}, author = {Labont{\'e}, Benoit and Suderman, Matt and Maussion, Gilles and Navaro, Luis and Yerko, Volodymyr and Mahar, Ian and Bureau, Alexandre and Mechawar, Naguib and Szyf, Moshe and Meaney, Michael J and Turecki, Gustavo} } @article {5406, title = {Early childhood development-global action is overdue}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {Lake, Anthony
eng
Comment
England
2011/09/29 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1277-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61450-5. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1277-8}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Lake, A.} } @article {6441, title = {A Pilot Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting in Refugees from Syria in Lebanon and Jordan}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, month = {Jul-04-2020}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00257}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00257/full}, author = {Lakkis, Najla A. and Osman, Mona H. and Aoude, Lara C. and Maalouf, Cosette J. and Issa, Hanane G. and Issa, Ghassan M.} } @inbook {7391, title = {Father-child relationships}, booktitle = { Handbook of father involvement: multidisciplinary perspectives(link is external)}, year = {2013}, pages = {119-134}, publisher = {Routlege}, organization = {Routlege}, chapter = {Father-child relationships}, keywords = {childcare, family policy, Parenting, Parenting and Families}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Father-Involvement-Multidisciplinary-Perspectives-Second-Edition/Cabrera-Tamis-LeMonda/p/book/9781138849839}, author = {Lamb, M.E., and Lewis, C. and Cabrera, N.J. and Tamis-LeMonda, C.S.} } @book {536, title = {The Role of the Father in Child Development}, year = {2004}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, isbn = {9780471690436}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047040549X.html}, author = {Lamb, M.E.} } @article {881, title = {Integrating Early Childhood Development and Violence Prevention}, year = {2014}, institution = {Colombia University}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.cpcnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ECD-Violence-Prevention-Final-Report-1.pdf}, author = {Landers, C.} } @book {537, title = {Horizontal Inequalities and Post-Conflict Development}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, organization = {Palgrave Macmillan}, isbn = {9780230251847}, url = {http://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9780230251847}, author = {Langer, A. and Stewart, F. and Venugopal, R.} } @article {415, title = {A health equity critique of social marketing: where interventions have impact but insufficient reach.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {83}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {133-41}, abstract = {

Health interventions increasingly rely on formative qualitative research and social marketing techniques to effect behavioural change. Few studies, however, incorporate qualitative research into the process of program evaluation to understand both impact and reach: namely, to what extent behaviour change interventions work, for whom, in what contexts, and why. We reflect on the success of a community-based hygiene intervention conducted in the slums of Kathmandu, Nepal, evaluating both maternal behaviour and infant health. We recruited all available mother-infant pairs (n\ =\ 88), and allocated them to control and intervention groups. Formative qualitative research on hand-washing practices included structured observations of 75 mothers, 3 focus groups, and 26 in-depth interviews. Our intervention was led by Community Motivators, intensively promoting hand-washing-with-soap at key junctures of food and faeces contamination. The 6-month evaluation period included hand-washing and morbidity rates, participant observation, systematic records of fortnightly community meetings, and follow-up interviews with 12 mothers. While quantitative measures demonstrated improvement in hand-washing rates and a 40\% reduction in child diarrhoea, the qualitative data highlighted important equity issues in reaching the ultra-poor. We argue that a social marketing approach is inherently limited: focussing on individual agency, rather than structural conditions constraining behaviour, can unwittingly exacerbate health inequity. This contributes to a prevention paradox whereby those with the greatest need of a health intervention are least likely to benefit, finding hand-washing in the slums to be irrelevant or futile. Thus social marketing is best deployed within a range of interventions that address the structural as well as the behavioural and cognitive drivers of behaviour change. We conclude that critiques of social marketing have not paid sufficient attention to issues of health equity, and demonstrate how this can be addressed with qualitative data, embedded in both the formative and evaluative phases of a health intervention.

}, keywords = {Diarrhea, Infantile, Female, Focus Groups, Follow-Up Studies, Hand Disinfection, Health Promotion, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, Infant Welfare, Mothers, Nepal, Poverty Areas, Program Evaluation, Qualitative Research, Soaps, Social Marketing, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1873-5347}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.036}, author = {Langford, Rebecca and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {616, title = {Evaluation Report of the Better Parenting Project: National multisectoral collaboration on behalf of young children}, year = {2007}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/JDN_00-006.pdf}, author = {J. E. Lansford and M. H. Bornstein} } @article {193, title = {Childrearing discipline and violence in developing countries.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {83}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {62-75}, abstract = {

The present study examined the prevalence and country-level correlates of 11 responses to children\&$\#$39;s behavior, including nonviolent discipline, psychological aggression, and physical violence, as well as endorsement of the use of physical punishment, in 24 countries using data from 30,470 families with 2- to 4-year-old children that participated in UNICEF\&$\#$39;s Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The prevalence of each response varied widely across countries, as did the amount of variance accounted for by country in relation to each response. Country-level indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment, and economic well-being were related to several responses to children\&$\#$39;s behavior. Country-level factors are widely related to parents\&$\#$39; methods of teaching children good behavior and responding to misbehavior.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Economic Development, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Punishment, Questionnaires, Socialization, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01676.x}, author = {Lansford, J. E. and Deater-Deckard, K.} } @article {4046, title = {Oxytocin response to youth-mother interactions in clinically anxious youth is associated with separation anxiety and dyadic behavior.}, journal = {Depress Anxiety}, volume = {34}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 02}, pages = {127-136}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common in youth and cause significant distress and impairment to the individual and family. Oxytocin (OT), a nine amino acid peptide, is implicated in anxiety regulation and modulation of close interpersonal and attachment behavior. Anxiety disorders have been linked to low levels of salivary OT in youth. Research has also linked oxytocinergic functioning to social support, warm contact, and bonding, and indicated that contact with attachment figures stimulates OT response. We examined OT response to a brief, positive youth-mother interaction in clinically anxious youth. We investigated whether quality of the youth-mother interaction as well as the presence of particular anxiety disorders, are associated with youth OT response.

METHOD: Salivary OT from 41 youth with primary DSM-5 anxiety disorders was assayed before and after a 7-min youth-mother interaction that was later systematically coded by two reliable coders. Youth and mothers also completed rating scales of youth anxiety symptoms.

RESULTS: Affective touch, maternal sensitivity, maternal intrusiveness, youth engagement, and youth initiative all contributed significantly to predicting youth OT response. Repeated measures analyses showed that when affective touch was high youth had greater OT response. OT response was positively associated with the presence of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and with child ratings of separation anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of maternal and dyadic behavior patterns to oxytocinergic response in clinically anxious youth, shed light on the association between OT and SAD, and point to possible intervention strategies.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety, Separation, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Behavior, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Saliva}, issn = {1520-6394}, doi = {10.1002/da.22585}, author = {Lebowitz, E. R. and Silverman, W. K. and Martino, A. M. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Feldman, R. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {4061, title = {Salivary oxytocin in clinically anxious youth: Associations with separation anxiety and family accommodation.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {65}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Mar}, pages = {35-43}, abstract = {

Clinical anxiety disorders in youth are common and associated with interpersonal behaviors including reliance on parents for family accommodation, or changes that parents make to their own behaviors to help the youth avoid anxiety related distress. The neuropeptide oxytocin is associated with the regulation of anxiety and of close interpersonal behavior leading to the hypothesis that oxytocinergic functioning plays a role in youth anxiety and its disorders, and the resulting family accommodation. To test this hypothesis salivary OT from 50 youth with primary DSM-5 anxiety disorders was assayed. A multi-source/multi-method anxiety assessment including semistructured interviews with youth and mothers, rating scales, and behavioral observations was used to assess anxiety disorders and symptoms, and family accommodation. Youth with separation anxiety disorder had significantly lower salivary OT levels than clinically anxious youth not diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder. Salivary OT levels were significantly negatively correlated with separation anxiety symptoms based on both youth- and mother-ratings. Anxious behavior displayed by youth during interactions with their mothers was associated with lower salivary OT levels in youth. Maternal ratings of family accommodation were negatively associated with salivary OT levels in youth. Results support the role of the oxytocinergic system in youth anxiety and its disorders and in parental involvement in youth anxiety through family accommodation. OT may be particularly important for diagnoses and symptoms of separation anxiety, which is inherently interpersonal in nature. Findings have potentially important implications for assessment and treatment of anxiety in youth.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Anxiety, Separation, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Oxytocin, Pituitary Hormones, Saliva, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.12.007}, author = {Lebowitz, E. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and McDonald, N. and Silverman, W. K.} } @article {4621, title = {Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders}, journal = {Depress Anxiety}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {Lebowitz, Eli R
Woolston, Joseph
Bar-Haim, Yair
Calvocoressi, Lisa
Dauser, Christine
Warnick, Erin
Scahill, Lawrence
Chakir, Adi R
Shechner, Tomer
Hermes, Holly
Vitulano, Lawrence A
King, Robert A
Leckman, James F
eng
T32 MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2012/09/12 06:00
Depress Anxiety. 2013 Jan;30(1):47-54. doi: 10.1002/da.21998. Epub 2012 Sep 10.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {47-54}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Family accommodation has been studied in obsessive compulsive disorder using the Family Accommodation Scale (FAS) and predicts greater symptom severity, more impairment, and poorer treatment outcomes. However, family accommodation has yet to be systematically studied among families of children with other anxiety disorders. We developed the Family Accommodation Scale-Anxiety (FASA) that includes modified questions from the FAS to study accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders. The objectives of this study were to report on the first study of family accommodation across childhood anxiety disorders and to test the utility of the FASA for assessing the phenomenon. METHODS: Participants were parents (n = 75) of anxious children from two anxiety disorder specialty clinics (n = 50) and a general outpatient clinic (n = 25). Measures included FASA, structured diagnostic interviews, and measures of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Accommodation was highly prevalent across all anxiety disorders and particularly associated with separation anxiety. Most parents reported participation in symptoms and modification of family routines as well as distress resulting from accommodation and undesirable consequences of not accommodating. The FASA displayed good internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity. Accommodation correlated significantly with anxious but not depressive symptoms, when controlling for the association between anxiety and depression. Factor analysis of the FASA pointed to a two-factor solution; one relating to modifications, the other to participation in symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Accommodation is common across childhood anxiety disorders and associated with severity of anxiety symptoms. The FASA shows promise as a means of assessing family accommodation in childhood anxiety disorders.}, keywords = {*Family Health, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders/*psychology, Anxiety, Separation/psychology, Child, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parents/*psychology, Psychometrics/instrumentation, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {1520-6394 (Electronic)
1091-4269 (Linking)}, author = {Lebowitz, E. R. and Woolston, J. and Bar-Haim, Y. and Calvocoressi, L. and Dauser, C. and Warnick, E. and Scahill, L. and Chakir, A. R. and Shechner, T. and Hermes, H. and Vitulano, L. A. and King, R. A. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {4056, title = {Cross-generational influences on childhood anxiety disorders: pathways and mechanisms.}, journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)}, volume = {123}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 09}, pages = {1053-67}, abstract = {

Anxiety disorders are common across the lifespan, cause severe distress and impairment, and usually have their onset in childhood. Substantial clinical and epidemiological research has demonstrated the existence of links between anxiety and its disorders in children and parents. Research on the pathways and mechanisms underlying these links has pointed to both behavioral and biological systems. This review synthesizes and summarizes several major aspects of this research. Behavioral systems include vicarious learning, social referencing, and modeling of parental anxiety; overly protective or critical parenting styles; and aspects of parental responses to child anxiety including family accommodation of the child{\textquoteright}s symptoms. Biological systems include aspects of the prenatal environment affected by maternal anxiety, development and functioning of the oxytocinergic system, and genetic and epigenetic transmission. Implications for the prevention and treatment of child anxiety disorders are discussed, including the potential to enhance child anxiety treatment outcomes through biologically informed parent-based interventions.

}, keywords = {Anxiety Disorders, Child, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents}, issn = {1435-1463}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-016-1565-y}, author = {Lebowitz, E. R. and Leckman, J. F. and Silverman, W. K. and Feldman, R.} } @article {4541, title = {Editorial: a global perspective on child and adolescent mental health}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {Leckman, James F
Leventhal, Bennett L
eng
Editorial
Introductory
England
2008/03/13 09:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;49(3):221-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01884.x.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {221-5}, keywords = {*International Cooperation, Adolescent, Adolescent Health Services/organization \& administration/*standards, Age of Onset, Child, Child Health Services/organization \& administration/*standards, Global Health, Humans, Mental Disorders/epidemiology/*therapy, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Leventhal, B. L.} } @article {4596, title = {Editorial: Developmental neuroscience comes of age}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, note = {Leckman, James F
March, John S
eng
Editorial
England
2011/03/18 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;52(4):333-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02378.x.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {333-8}, keywords = {Child, Child Psychiatry/*trends, Developmental Disabilities/genetics/psychology, Forecasting, Gene Expression/genetics, Humans, Neurosciences/*trends, Psychology, Child/*trends, Social Environment}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and March, J. S.} } @article {7361, title = {Love and peace across generations: Biobehavioral systems and global partnerships}, journal = {Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-11-2021}, pages = {100092}, keywords = {early childhood development, Neurobiology, Parenting, peacebuilding, policy, sustainable development goals}, issn = {26664976}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100092}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666497621000667}, author = {Leckman, James F. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Pavarini, Gabriela and Hein, Sascha D. and McCarthy, Michael F. and Staiti, Haifa and Han{\"o}z-Penney, Suna and Rubinstein, Joanna and Pruett, Kyle D. and Yazgan, M. Yanki and Fallon, N. Shemrah and Hartl, Franz J. and Ziv, Margalit and Salah, Rima and Britto, Pia Rebello and Fitzpatrick, Siobh{\'a}n and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {6071, title = {Not just in Philadelphia {\textendash} But across the globe}, journal = {Depression and Anxiety}, year = {2019}, month = {May-05-2020}, keywords = {Child Abuse, child exploitation, child sexual abuse}, issn = {1091-4269}, doi = {10.1002/da.22905}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/da.22905}, author = {Leckman, James F. and Rubinstein, Joanna} } @article {4041, title = {What Are the Transgenerational Consequences of Maternal Childhood Adversity and Maternal Stress During Pregnancy?}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {56}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 Nov}, pages = {914-915}, issn = {1527-5418}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.421}, author = {Leckman, J. F.} } @article {6367, title = {Pathways to wellbeing and a more peaceful and sustainable world: The transformative power of children and families}, journal = {Japanese Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry}, volume = {60}, year = {2019}, chapter = {278}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, adverse childhood experiences, early childhood development, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, nurturing care, peace, toxic stress, violence against children}, url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscap/60/3/60_278/_article/-char/en}, author = {Leckman, J.F. and Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Ponguta, L. A.} } @article {2381, title = {Towards a more peaceful world: The promise of Early Child Development programmes}, year = {2018}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, early childhood development, peace, violence prevention}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15348687/2018/2018/159}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {4036, title = {Steps Toward Peace and Violence Prevention Across Generations: The Potential of Early Child Development in the Context of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 Mar}, pages = {5-12}, abstract = {

This special issue of New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development features four review articles from authoritative leaders in the field. These articles highlight how far our field has come over the past five decades, as well as how much further effort is needed to refine, adapt, and implement - in a sustainable fashion - responsive parenting and nurturing care programs of proven value across the globe.

}, issn = {1534-8687}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20227}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {4526, title = {Nurturing resilient children}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, number = {3-4}, year = {2007}, note = {Leckman, James F
Mayes, Linda C
eng
Editorial
England
2007/03/16 09:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(3-4):221-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01743.x.}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {221-3}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Life Change Events, *Mother-Child Relations, *Personality Development, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Object Attachment, Pregnancy, Social Environment}, isbn = {0021-9630 (Print)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Mayes, L. C.} } @article {4416, title = {Steps toward peace and violence prevention across generations: The potential of Early Child Development in the context of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Leckman, James F
Britto, Pia Rebello
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):5-12. doi: 10.1002/cad.20227.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {5-12}, abstract = {This special issue of New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development features four review articles from authoritative leaders in the field. These articles highlight how far our field has come over the past five decades, as well as how much further effort is needed to refine, adapt, and implement - in a sustainable fashion - responsive parenting and nurturing care programs of proven value across the globe.}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20227}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cad.20227}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {416, title = {Maternal behavior and developmental psychopathology.}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {51}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Jan 1}, pages = {27-43}, abstract = {

This paper reviews recent developments in the phenomenology, neurobiology, and genetics of maternal behavior in animal model systems from an evolutionary perspective on psychopathology. Following a review of the phenomenology and neurobiology of maternal behavior, recent studies addressing the role of genetic factors in the maternal behavior of rodents were identified in a search of literature in peer-reviewed journals. Gene knockout studies were evaluated with regard to mouse strain background, method of behavioral phenotyping, and quantification of the behavioral deficits. Gene knockout data were then analyzed using a cluster analysis technique. At least nine genes have been identified that are necessary for the expression of one or more aspects of maternal behavior. These genes encode for three transcription factors: three enzymes, including dopamine beta hydroxylase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase; two receptors, including the prolactin and the estrogen alpha receptor; and one neuropeptide, oxytocin. Cluster analysis suggested possible relationships between specific genes. Gene knockout technology has provided new insights into the molecular basis of maternal behavior that are congruent with the existing neurobiological literature. Future studies of genetic and environmental influences on maternal behavior have the potential to inform models of disease pathogenesis.

}, keywords = {Animals, Autistic Disorder, Behavior, Animal, Biological Evolution, Brain, Cluster Analysis, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Drosophila Proteins, Maternal Behavior, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Muscle Proteins, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Oxytocin, Phenotype, Prolactin}, issn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01277-X}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Herman, A. E.} } @book {216, title = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {480}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge MA US / London UK}, abstract = {

Can more peaceful childhoods promote a culture of peace? Increasing evidence from a broad range of disciplines shows that how we raise our children affects the propensity for conflict and the potential for peace within a given community. In this book, experts from a range of disciplines examine the biological and social underpinnings of child development and the importance of strengthening families to build harmonious and equitable relations across generations. They explore the relevance to the pursuit of peace in the world, highlight directions for future research, and propose novel approaches to translate knowledge into concrete action.

The contributors describe findings from research in biology, neuroscience, evolution, genetics, and psychology. They report empirical evidence on children living in violent conditions, resilience in youth, and successful interventions. Their contributions show that the creation of sustainable partnerships with government agencies, community leaders, policy makers, funders, and service providers is a key ingredient for success. Taken together, they suggest possible novel approaches to translate knowledge into concrete action.

}, keywords = {Child Development, conflict, families, intervention, peace, violent conditions}, isbn = {9780262027984}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.001.0001}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/pathways-peace}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @inbook {471, title = {Peace is a lifelong process: The importance of partnerships}, booktitle = {Pathways to Peace: The Transformative Power of Children and Families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {3-17}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {This chapter examines potential pathways to peace based on the biological and social underpinnings of child development. It assesses child development in the context of familial and group relations and examines its potential role in building pathways to peace. Early childhood education and family support programs can result in huge, long-term benefits. Investment in early childhood holds potential for economic and human returns and can boost adult physical health as well as enhance social capital and gender equity. The global peacebuilding agenda aims to recognize the transformative power of early development as a means to promote prosociality, diminish selfish assertiveness, and reduce/prevent violence. A platform to advocate for change needs to be created to strengthen established and emerging networks around children and peace. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.}, keywords = {Child Development, early childhood interventions, family interventions, peacebuilding, Violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0001}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @article {4521, title = {Nurturing resilient children}, journal = {Rev Bras Psiquiatr}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2007}, note = {Leckman, James F
eng
Editorial
Brazil
2007/04/17 09:00
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007 Mar;29(1):5-6.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {5-6}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Life Change Events, *Parent-Child Relations, Child, Child Abuse/psychology, Humans}, isbn = {1516-4446 (Print)
1516-4446 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F.} } @article {4096, title = {Variations in maternal behavior--oxytocin and reward pathways--peripheral measures matter?!}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Dec}, pages = {2587-8}, keywords = {Animals, Brain, Female, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Neural Pathways, Oxytocin, Pregnancy, Reward}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2011.201}, author = {Leckman, J. F.} } @article {4516, title = {Primary parental preoccupation: circuits, genes, and the crucial role of the environment}, journal = {J Neural Transm (Vienna)}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, year = {2004}, note = {Leckman, J F
Feldman, R
Swain, J E
Eicher, V
Thompson, N
Mayes, L C
eng
DA00222/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
DA06025/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
HD03008/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
MH30929/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
MH49351/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
RR06022/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
Austria
2004/06/19 05:00
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Jul;111(7):753-71. doi: 10.1007/s00702-003-0067-x. Epub 2004 Feb 4.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {753-71}, abstract = {Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may reflect both an individual{\textquoteright}s genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for as a child. This review first examines the mental and behavioral elements of early parental caregiving in humans. Second, we consider what is known about the neurobiological substrates of maternal behaviors in mammalian species including some limited human data. Third, we briefly review the evidence that specific genes encode proteins that are crucial for the development of the neural substrates that underlie specific features of maternal behavior. Fourth, we review the emerging literature on the "programming" role of the intrauterine environment and postnatal caregiving environment in shaping subsequent maternal behavior. We conclude that there are critical developmental windows during which the genetically determined microcircuitry of key limbic-hypothalamic-midbrain structures are susceptible to early environmental influences and that these influences powerfully shape an individual{\textquoteright}s responsivity to psychosocial stressors and their resiliency or vulnerability to various forms of human psychopathology later in life.}, keywords = {*Environment, *Parent-Child Relations, Human Development/physiology, Humans, Maternal Behavior/*physiology, Nerve Net/*physiology}, isbn = {0300-9564 (Print)
0300-9564 (Linking)}, author = {Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Swain, J. E. and Eicher, V. and Thompson, N. and Mayes, L. C.} } @book {539, title = {Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures}, year = {1996}, publisher = {Syracuse University Press}, organization = {Syracuse University Press}, isbn = {9780815627258}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=G_6NcdYs1ZoC}, author = {Lederach, J.P.} } @book {707, title = {Creating Global Citizens: The Panwapa Project}, series = {Comm. Res. Trends}, number = {28}, year = {2009}, pages = {25-30}, abstract = {

Children today are growing up in an increasingly globally-connected society. While globalization is bringing individuals across the world closer together, offering tremendous opportunities and change, it is also requiring children to develop skills, perspectives, and competencies to understand and navigate this interconnected world. However, there are few resources or international efforts that provide young children the basis for these lifelong perspectives and competencies that will help them to meet the demands of the world of tomorrow, today. To help prepare a new generation of children for life in our increasingly global and interdependent world, Sesame Workshop and the Merrill Lynch Foundation formed a partnership to create Panwapa (a word from the Tshiluba language that means \"here on this earth\"), an international, multi-media project aimed at fostering the foundation for global citizenship skills and community activism in young children. This article builds on Cole (2008), who first wrote about the Panwapa initiative, and provides a summary of findings from an evaluation of the program. The Panwapa initiative engenders global awareness by nurturing and modeling basic civic values, such as fairness, mutual respect and understanding, justice, appreciation of diversity, accountability for one\&$\#$39;s actions, and a general desire to work for the common good. Just as learning to count and familiarity with the alphabet provide fundamentals for math and literacy learning, Panwapa offers the building blocks of good global citizenship.

}, url = {https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/creating-global-citizens-panwapa/id521694817?mt=11}, author = {J. H. Lee and C. F. Cole} } @article {4071, title = {Violence, health, and South-North collaboration: Interdisciplinary research in light of the 2030 Agenda.}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {146}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Dec}, pages = {236-42}, keywords = {Cooperative Behavior, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Interdisciplinary Studies, Internationality, United Nations, Violence}, issn = {1873-5347}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.029}, author = {Lee, B. X. and Leckman, J. F. and Khoshnood, K.} } @article {7166, title = {Responsive caregiving, early learning and play, and children{\textquoteright}s safety and security during COVID-19}, year = {2021}, publisher = {LEGO Foundation}, keywords = {child protection, early learning, responsive caregiving}, url = {https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-lego-rapid-review-nurturing-care-covid-19.pdf}, author = {LEGO and fhi360} } @article {675, title = {A Review of Family-Based Programs to Prevent Youth Violence Among Latinos}, journal = {Hispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {548at
Times Cited:5
Cited References Count:43}, month = {Feb}, pages = {5-36}, abstract = {

At present, there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of family-based intervention programs to prevent violence or related behavior problems with Latino youth and families. Although progress has been made, a number of important issues remain. In this article, the authors review several of the more prominent interventions for Latino youth and families, highlighting how they were adapted to or developed for Latino culture. They begin by discussing cultural sensitivity and how it affects the design, implementation, and adaptation of youth violence prevention programs. Following this, the authors review and discuss programs adapted for Latino families followed by programs developed specifically for Latino families. They highlight four primary components of family-based programs that have been linked most frequently to prevention outcomes: (a) improving parental monitoring,(b) increasing family cohesion, (c) increasing networking across families, and (d) empowering families to access resources more effectively.

}, keywords = {american, Behavior, cultural sensitivity, culture, hispanic adolescents, impacts, intervention, latinos, outcomes, parent-child interventions, school, substance use, therapy, youth violence prevention}, isbn = {0739-9863}, doi = {10.1177/0739986309353317}, author = {Leidy, M. S. and Guerra, N. G. and Toro, R. I.} } @article {5456, title = {Adult mental health consequences of peer bullying and maltreatment in childhood: two cohorts in two countries}, journal = {Lancet Psychiatry}, volume = {2}, number = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Lereya, Suzet Tanya
Copeland, William E
Costello, E Jane
Wolke, Dieter
eng
MH63671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 MH063970/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
DA/MH11301/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
MH63970/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
MC_PC_15018/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
102215/2/13/2/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
R01 MH048085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
R01 MH063671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/09/12 06:00
Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;2(6):524-31. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00165-0. Epub 2015 May 27.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {524-31}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The adult mental health consequences of childhood maltreatment are well documented. Maltreatment by peers (ie, bullying) has also been shown to have long-term adverse effects. We aimed to determine whether these effects are just due to being exposed to both maltreatment and bullying or whether bullying has a unique effect. METHODS: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in the UK (ALSPAC) and the Great Smoky Mountains Study in the USA (GSMS) longitudinal studies. In ALSPAC, maltreatment was assessed as physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, or severe maladaptive parenting (or both) between ages 8 weeks and 8.6 years, as reported by the mother in questionnaires, and being bullied was assessed with child reports at 8, 10, and 13 years using the previously validated Bullying and Friendship Interview Schedule. In GSMS, both maltreatment and bullying were repeatedly assessed with annual parent and child interviews between ages 9 and 16 years. To identify the association between maltreatment, being bullied, and mental health problems, binary logistic regression analyses were run. The primary outcome variable was overall mental health problem (any anxiety, depression, or self-harm or suicidality). FINDINGS: 4026 children from the ALSPAC cohort and 1420 children from the GSMS cohort provided information about bullying victimisation, maltreatment, and overall mental health problems. The ALSPAC study started in 1991 and the GSMS cohort enrolled participants from 1993. Compared with children who were not maltreated or bullied, children who were only maltreated were at increased risk for depression in young adulthood in models adjusted for sex and family hardships according to the GSMS cohort (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95\% CI 1.5-11.7). According to the ALSPAC cohort, those who were only being maltreated were not at increased risk for any mental health problem compared with children who were not maltreated or bullied. By contrast, those who were both maltreated and bullied were at increased risk for overall mental health problems, anxiety, and depression according to both cohorts and self-harm according to the ALSPAC cohort compared with neutral children. Children who were bullied by peers only were more likely than children who were maltreated only to have mental health problems in both cohorts (ALSPAC OR 1.6, 95\% CI 1.1-2.2; p=0.005; GSMS 3.8, 1.8-7.9, p<0.0001), with differences in anxiety (GSMS OR 4.9; 95\% CI 2.0-12.0), depression (ALSPAC 1.7, 1.1-2.7), and self-harm (ALSPAC 1.7, 1.1-2.6) between the two cohorts. INTERPRETATION: Being bullied by peers in childhood had generally worse long-term adverse effects on young adults{\textquoteright} mental health. These effects were not explained by poly-victimisation. The findings have important implications for public health planning and service development for dealing with peer bullying. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NARSAD (Early Career Award), and the William T Grant Foundation.}, keywords = {*Bullying, *Mental Health, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/psychology, Child, Cohort Studies, Depression/psychology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, North Carolina, Peer Group, Suicide/psychology, United Kingdom, Young Adult}, isbn = {2215-0374 (Electronic)
2215-0366 (Linking)}, author = {Lereya, S. T. and Copeland, W. E. and Costello, E. J. and Wolke, D.} } @article {417, title = {Oxytocin during pregnancy and early postpartum: individual patterns and maternal-fetal attachment.}, journal = {Peptides}, volume = {28}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Jun}, pages = {1162-9}, abstract = {

Oxytocin (OT), a nanopeptide hormone, plays a role in the emergence of maternal behavior, yet few studies examined OT in humans across pregnancy and the postpartum. We followed healthy women at three points: first trimester of pregnancy, third trimester, and first postpartum month. Plasma OT levels showed high individual stability. A third of the sample showed consistent OT levels, whereas others showed increasing or decreasing trends or peak in late pregnancy. The increase in OT from early to late pregnancy correlated with higher maternal-fetal bonding. These data may help set standards for OT levels and underscore links with maternal-infant attachment.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Maternal Behavior, Maternal-Fetal Relations, Oxytocin, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Radioimmunoassay}, issn = {0196-9781}, doi = {10.1016/j.peptides.2007.04.016}, author = {Levine, Ari and Zagoory-Sharon, Orna and Feldman, Ruth and Weller, Aron} } @article {6250, title = {The Neural Basis of Empathy and Empathic Behavior in the Context of Chronic Trauma}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {10}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-08-2020}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00562}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00562/full}, author = {Levy, Jonathan and Yirmiya, Karen and Goldstein, Abraham and Feldman, Ruth} } @article {5056, title = {Teacher-child interactions in Chile and their associations with prekindergarten outcomes}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {86}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Leyva, Diana
Weiland, Christina
Barata, M
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Snow, Catherine
Trevino, Ernesto
Rolla, Andrea
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/01/30 06:00
Child Dev. 2015 May-Jun;86(3):781-99. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12342. Epub 2015 Jan 27.}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {781-99}, abstract = {Quality of teacher-child interactions is central to prekindergarten children{\textquoteright}s learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher-child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) whether there was evidence supporting three distinctive domains of teacher-child interactions in Chile (construct validity) and (b) whether these domains predicted end-of-prekindergarten language, academic, and executive function skills in Chile (predictive validity). The sample consisted of 91 Chilean prekindergarten classrooms (1,868 four-year-old children). The findings support both construct and predictive validity of the teaching through interactions conceptual framework as assessed by the CLASS in Chile. Implications for cross-country comparison of quality of teacher-child interactions in prekindergarten classrooms are discussed.}, keywords = {*Faculty, *Interpersonal Relations, Adult, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Chile, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Educational Measurement/*standards, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests/*standards, Reproducibility of Results}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Leyva, D. and Weiland, C. and Barata, M. and Yoshikawa, H. and Snow, C. and Trevino, E. and Rolla, A.} } @book {6339, title = {Handbook on counselling asylum seeking and refugee women victims of gender-based violence}, year = {2019}, publisher = {European Union{\textquoteright}s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme }, organization = {European Union{\textquoteright}s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme }, abstract = {

}, keywords = {Asylum, Consultancy, Gender issues, gender-based violence, migration, Refugees, Training, Violence}, url = {https://www.heuni.fi/material/attachments/heuni/reports/nrnrqKUHP/CCM-GBV_Handbook_EN-merged.pdf}, author = {Lilja, I.} } @article {5907, title = {The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {85}, number = {2}, year = {2019}, note = {1873-2402
Lindsay, Karen L
Buss, Claudia
Wadhwa, Pathik D
Entringer, Sonja
R01 AG050455/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
R01 MD010738/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH105538/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 15;85(2):135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021. Epub 2018 Jul 4.}, month = {Jan 15}, pages = {135-149}, edition = {2018/07/31}, abstract = {Growing evidence supports an important role for the intrauterine environment in shaping fetal development and subsequent child health and disease risk. The fetal brain is particularly plastic, whereby even subtle changes in structure and function produced by in utero conditions can have long-term implications. Based on the consideration that conditions related to energy substrate and likelihood of survival to reproductive age are particularly salient drivers of fetal programming, maternal nutrition and stress represent the most commonly, but independently, studied factors in this context. However, the effects of maternal nutrition and stress are context dependent and may be moderated by one another. Studies examining the effects of the bidirectional nutrition-stress interplay in pregnancy on fetal programming of brain development are beginning to emerge in the literature. This review incorporates all currently available animal and human studies of this interplay and provides a synthesis and critical discussion of findings. Nine of the 10 studies included here assessed nutrition-stress interactions and offspring neurodevelopmental or brain development outcomes. Despite significant heterogeneity in study design and methodology, two broad patterns of results emerge to suggest that the effects of prenatal stress on various aspects of brain development may be mitigated by 1) higher fat diets or increased intake and/or status of specific dietary fats and 2) higher dietary intake or supplementation of targeted nutrients. The limitations of these studies are discussed, and recommendations are provided for future research to expand on this important area of fetal programming of brain development.}, keywords = {brain development, Fetal programming, neurodevelopment, nutrition, Pregnancy, stress}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021}, author = {Lindsay, K. L. and Buss, C. and Wadhwa, P. D. and Entringer, S.} } @article {5696, title = {Report of the Attorney General{\textquoteright}s National Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence: Defending childhood: Protect, heal, thrive}, year = {2012}, institution = {U.S. Department of Justice}, address = {Washington, DC}, keywords = {violence exposure}, url = {https://www.justice.gov/defendingchildhood/cev-rpt-full.pdf}, author = {Listenbee, R.} } @article {3091, title = {A good start in life will ensure a sustainable future for all}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {8-9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Lo, Selina and Das, Pamela and Horton, Richard} } @article {708, title = {Inequalities in attendance in organized early learning programmes in developing societies: findings from household surveys}, journal = {Compare}, volume = {39}, year = {2009}, pages = {385-409}, doi = {10.1080/03057920701712833}, author = {E. Loaiza and P. Engle and P. Engle} } @article {5980, title = {Peace Monuments \& Peacemakers Around the World}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

This is the world\&$\#$39;s largest collection of peace monument information. We have identified about 4,000 peace monuments and museums on all continents and in most nations of the world.

See book, \"Monumental Beauty\" that features 416 peace monuments \& museums in 70 nations - as well as a 12-page \"History of Peace.\"

}, keywords = {peace monuments, peacemaking}, url = {http://peace.maripo.com/}, author = {Lollis, E.W.} } @article {6487, title = {Emergency Child Care: Issues to Consider}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Early Childhood Workforce Initiative}, keywords = {COVID-19, emergency child care}, url = {https://www.earlychildhoodworkforce.org/content/emergency-child-care-issues-consider}, author = {Lombardi, J} } @book {540, title = {On Aggression}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, isbn = {9780415283205}, url = {http://monoskop.org/images/d/d0/Lorenz_Konrad_On_Aggression_2002.pdf}, author = {Lorenz, K.} } @article {385, title = {The effectiveness of early head start for 3-year-old children and their parents: lessons for policy and programs.}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {41}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Nov}, pages = {885-901}, abstract = {

Early Head Start, a federal program begun in 1995 for low-income pregnant women and families with infants and toddlers, was evaluated through a randomized trial of 3,001 families in 17 programs. Interviews with primary caregivers, child assessments, and observations of parent-child interactions were completed when children were 3 years old. Caregivers were diverse in race-ethnicity, language, and other characteristics. Regression-adjusted impact analyses showed that 3-year-old program children performed better than did control children in cognitive and language development, displayed higher emotional engagement of the parent and sustained attention with play objects, and were lower in aggressive behavior. Compared with controls, Early Head Start parents were more emotionally supportive, provided more language and learning stimulation, read to their children more, and spanked less. The strongest and most numerous impacts were for programs that offered a mix of home-visiting and center-based services and that fully implemented the performance standards early.

}, keywords = {Acculturation, Adaptation, Psychological, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Educational Status, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Language Development, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Personality Assessment, Program Evaluation, Psychosocial Deprivation, Public Policy, Single Parent, Socialization, United States}, issn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.88}, author = {Love, John M and Kisker, Ellen Eliason and Ross, Christine and Raikes, Helen and Constantine, Jill and Boller, Kimberly and Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne and Chazan-Cohen, Rachel and Tarullo, Louisa Banks and Brady-Smith, Christy and Fuligni, Allison Sidle and Schochet, Peter Z and Paulsell, Diane and Vogel, Cheri} } @article {722, title = {Community-based early intervention for children with behavioural, emotional and social problems: evaluation of the Scallywags Scheme}, journal = {Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties}, volume = {11}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-06-2006}, pages = {83 - 104}, issn = {1363-2752}, doi = {10.1080/13632750600619257}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13632750600619257}, author = {Lovering, Kathryn and Frampton, Ian and Crowe, Ben and Moseley, Alice and Broadhead, Moira} } @article {386, title = {A randomized controlled trial of Child FIRST: a comprehensive home-based intervention translating research into early childhood practice.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {82}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jan-Feb}, pages = {193-208}, abstract = {

This randomized, controlled trial was designed to document the effectiveness of Child FIRST (Child and Family Interagency, Resource, Support, and Training), a home-based, psychotherapeutic, parent-child intervention embedded in a system of care. Multirisk urban mothers and children, ages 6-36 months (N = 157) participated. At the 12-month follow-up, Child FIRST children had improved language (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4) and externalizing symptoms (OR= 4.7) compared to Usual Care children. Child FIRST mothers had less parenting stress at the 6-month follow-up (OR = 3.0), lower psychopathology symptoms at 12-month follow-up (OR = 4.0), and less protective service involvement at 3 years postbaseline (OR = 2.1) relative to Usual Care mothers. Intervention families accessed 91\% of wanted services relative to 33\% among Usual Care. Thus, Child FIRST is effective with multirisk families raising young children across multiple child and parent outcomes.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Comprehensive Health Care, Education, Family Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Social Environment, United States}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01550.x}, author = {Lowell, Darcy I and Carter, Alice S and Godoy, Leandra and Paulicin, Belinda and Briggs-Gowan, Margaret J} } @article {5908, title = {Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {2016}, note = {2214-109x
Lu, Chunling
Black, Maureen M
Richter, Linda M
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
England
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e916-e922. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30266-2. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e916-e922}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 2007 study published in The Lancet estimated that approximately 219 million children aged younger than 5 years were exposed to stunting or extreme poverty in 2004. We updated the 2004 estimates with the use of improved data and methods and generated estimates for 2010. METHODS: We used country-level prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years based on the 2006 Growth Standards proposed by WHO and poverty ratios from the World Bank to estimate children who were either stunted or lived in extreme poverty for 141 low-income and middle-income countries in 2004 and 2010. To avoid counting the same children twice, we excluded children jointly exposed to stunting and extreme poverty from children living in extreme poverty. To examine the robustness of estimates, we also used moderate poverty measures. FINDINGS: The 2007 study underestimated children at risk of poor development. The estimated number of children exposed to the two risk factors in low-income and middle-income countries decreased from 279.1 million (95\% CI 250.4 million-307.4 million) in 2004 to 249.4 million (209.3 million-292.6 million) in 2010; prevalence of children at risk fell from 51\% (95\% CI 46-56) to 43\% (36-51). The decline occurred in all income groups and regions with south Asia experiencing the largest drop. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence in both years. These findings were robust to variations in poverty measures. INTERPRETATION: Progress has been made in reducing the number of children exposed to stunting or poverty between 2004 and 2010, but this is still not enough. Scaling up of effective interventions targeting the most vulnerable children is urgently needed. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health, Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, Hilton Foundation, and WHO.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Global Health, *Growth Disorders, *Poverty, Africa South of the Sahara, Asia, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Risk Factors}, isbn = {2214-109x}, doi = {10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30266-2}, author = {Lu, C. and Black, M. M. and Richter, L. M.} } @article {3096, title = {Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {e916-e922}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {2214-109X}, author = {Lu, Chunling and Black, Maureen M. and Richter, Linda M.} } @article {698, title = {On the mechanics of economic development}, journal = {Journal of Monetary Economics}, volume = {22}, year = {1988}, month = {Jan-07-1988}, pages = {3 - 42}, issn = {03043932}, doi = {10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304393288901687http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0304393288901687?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0304393288901687?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Lucas, Robert E.} } @article {723, title = {Multi-Year Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Resilience-Based Prevention Program for Young Children}, journal = {The Journal of Primary Prevention}, volume = {24}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-21-2003}, pages = {335 - 353}, doi = {10.1023/B:JOPP.0000018052.12488.d1}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:JOPP.0000018052.12488.d1}, author = {Lynch, Kathleen Bodisch and Geller, Susan Rose and Schmidt, Melinda G.} } @article {3101, title = {Good early development-the right of every child}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {13-14}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Machel, Gra{\c c}a} } @book {541, title = {The Psychology of Peace: An Introduction, 2nd Edition: An Introduction}, year = {2011}, publisher = {ABC-CLIO}, organization = {ABC-CLIO}, isbn = {9780313397240}, url = {http://www.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A3546C}, author = {MacNair, R.M.} } @article {6010, title = {Association Between Screen Time and Children{\textquoteright}s Performance on a Developmental Screening Test}, journal = {JAMA Pediatrics}, volume = {173}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {244}, issn = {2168-6203}, doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056}, url = {http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056http:///jamapediatrics/article-pdf/173/3/244/17401198/jamapediatrics_madigan_2019_oi_180091.pdf}, author = {Madigan, Sheri and Browne, Dillon and Racine, Nicole and Mori, Camille and Tough, Suzanne} } @article {419, title = {Effects of early experience on female behavioural and reproductive development in rhesus macaques.}, journal = {Proc Biol Sci}, volume = {272}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jun 22}, pages = {1243-8}, abstract = {

A growing body of research on humans suggests that exposure to a stressful family environment or father absence from home during childhood is associated with early female puberty and greater interest in infants among adolescent girls. This effect may be mediated by early exposure to harsh and inconsistent maternal care, but the mechanisms by which maternal care affects female reproductive maturation are not known. The present study reports sex differences in interest in infants among juvenile rhesus macaques similar to those observed in human adolescents. Furthermore, juvenile females that were exposed to harsh and inconsistent maternal care in infancy showed higher interest in infants than controls. Evidence from cross-fostered females indicated that these effects resulted from early experience and not genetic inheritance from the mother. There were no significant differences in female age at first conception in relation to the quality of maternal care received during infancy. Macaque females exposed to harsh and inconsistent maternal care in infancy tended to have higher cortisol responses to stress and to corticotropin-releasing hormone than controls in the first three years of life. Furthermore, females with higher cortisol responses to stress exhibited higher interest in infants. These findings suggest that some of the effects of early parental care on female reproductive maturation may be mediated by developmental changes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attitude, Behavior, Animal, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Macaca mulatta, Maternal Behavior, Observation, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Stress, Physiological}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2005.3059}, author = {Maestripieri, D.} } @article {676, title = {Risk factors for infant abuse and neglect in group-living rhesus monkeys}, journal = {Psychological SciencePsychological SciencePsychological Science}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, note = {165py
Times Cited:26
Cited References Count:14}, month = {Mar}, pages = {143-145}, abstract = {

This study investigated maternal abuse and neglect of off-spring in a large population of rhesus monkeys over a period of 29 years. Abuse and neglect did not occur together and were associated with different risk factors. Infant abuse was concentrated in 8 of 57 families and among closely related females. Abuse was also repeated with successive offspring. In contrast infant neglect was not affected by genealogical factors, was not repeated with successive offspring, and was displayed mostly by primiparous mothers. These results suggest that abuse and neglect may be different phenomena and that infant abuse in group-living monkeys could represent a good animal model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment.

}, keywords = {macaques}, isbn = {0956-7976}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00027}, author = {Maestripieri, D. and Carroll, K. A.} } @article {418, title = {Early experience affects the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {102}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Jul 5}, pages = {9726-9}, abstract = {

Maternal abuse of offspring in macaque monkeys shares some similarities with child maltreatment in humans, including its transmission across generations. This study used a longitudinal design and a cross-fostering experiment to investigate whether abusive parenting in rhesus macaques is transmitted from mothers to daughters and whether transmission occurs through genetic or experiential factors. Nine of 16 females who were abused by their mothers in their first month of life, regardless of whether they were reared by their biological mothers or by foster mothers, exhibited abusive parenting with their firstborn offspring, whereas none of the females reared by nonabusive mothers did. These results suggest that the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys is the result of early experience and not genetic inheritance. The extent to which the effects of early experience on the intergenerational transmission of abusive parenting are mediated by social learning or experience-induced physiological alterations remains to be established.

}, keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Macaca mulatta, Maternal Behavior, Observation, Parenting}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0504122102}, author = {Maestripieri, D.} } @inbook {5661, title = {Comparative and evolutionary perspectives}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {131 - 144}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {8}, abstract = {Any effort to understand or shape human behavior must take into consideration the notion that there are universal tendencies to behave in particular ways, which are shared by all human beings, as well as differences in the extent to which these tendencies are expressed in particular individuals. Taking a comparative and an evolutionary perspective can help us understand the universal aspects of human aggressive and peaceful tendencies as well as their variation among individuals. Human aggressiveness has a biological basis, but it is neither necessary nor inevitable. Aggressive competition is common in some animal species but uncommon in others, depending on the ratio between the benefits of aggression (obtaining resources or status) and its costs (physical, physiological, psychological, or social). Humans have a high potential for aggression, but aggressive tendencies can be suppressed in particular environmental circumstances. Individuals living in different environments adopt slow or fast life history strategies that make them adapted to those environments. The quality of the early environment, including social experience, is a key determinant of life history strategies. selfish, exploitative, and aggressive tendencies are more common in individuals with fast life histories who are exposed to early stress, violence, harsh parenting, or unpredictable changes in their environment. Comparative research on animal behavior can provide the theoretical framework for understanding the effects of early experience on the development of aggressiveness and peacefulness as well as elucidate some of the physiological or social mechanisms underlying these effects. Rhesus macaque females exposed to harsh and abusive parenting in the first few months of life show anxiety, impulsiveness, and abusive parenting in adulthood. They also reach puberty earlier, are more interested in infants, and tend to be more fertile but die at a younger age than other females. Rhesus macaques raised by nurturing mothers who provide emotional and social support, but also encourage their independence, show normal maternal behavior in adulthood and greater resilience in response to stressful challenges. Even species-typical aggressive tendencies can be reduced through manipulation of the early social environment. Young rhesus macaques with high propensities for aggression can acquire effective skills for peaceful conflict resolution after cohabitation with young stumptail macaques, a species in (p.132) which peaceful conflict management and resolution are more common. The findings of comparative research are therefore consistent with those of research in developmental psychology in indicating that a supportive family1 environment and positive experiences acquired during child development are important prerequisites for the creation of peaceful and resilient adults.}, keywords = {Aggression, biological basis, harsh parenting, peacefulness, stress, Violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0008}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Maestripieri, Dario}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {420, title = {Early maternal rejection affects the development of monoaminergic systems and adult abusive parenting in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).}, journal = {Behav Neurosci}, volume = {120}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Oct}, pages = {1017-24}, abstract = {

This study investigated the effects of early exposure to variable parenting style and infant abuse on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of monoamine metabolites and examined the role of monoaminergic function in the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Forty-three infants reared by their biological mothers and 15 infants that were cross-fostered at birth and reared by unrelated mothers were followed longitudinally through their first 3 years of life or longer. Approximately half of the infants were reared by abusive mothers and half by nonabusive controls. Abused infants did not differ from controls in CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylgycol (MHPG). Abused infants, however, were exposed to higher rates of maternal rejection, and highly rejected infants had lower CSF 5-HIAA and HVA than low-rejection infants. The abused females who became abusive mothers in adulthood had lower CSF 5-HIAA than the abused females who did not. A similar trend was also observed among the cross-fostered females, suggesting that low serotonergic function resulting from early exposure to high rates of maternal rejection plays a role in the intergenerational transmission of infant abuse.

}, keywords = {Age Factors, Aggression, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Brain, Female, Homovanillic Acid, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Macaca mulatta, Male, Maternal Behavior, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, Parenting, Rejection (Psychology), Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0735-7044}, doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.120.5.1017}, author = {Maestripieri, D. and Higley, J. D. and Lindell, S. G. and Newman, T. K. and McCormack, K. M. and Sanchez, M. M.} } @article {724, title = {Dosage matters: The relationship between participation in the Nurturing Parenting Program for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers and subsequent child maltreatment}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-08-2011}, pages = {1426 - 1434}, issn = {01907409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.014}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190740911001368http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001368?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001368?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Maher, Erin J. and Marcynyszyn, Lyscha A. and Corwin, Tyler W. and Hodnett, Rhenda} } @article {7346, title = {International migration of unaccompanied minors: trends, health risks, and legal protection}, journal = {The Lancet Child \& Adolescent Health}, volume = {5}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-12-2021}, pages = {882 - 895}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Health, migration}, issn = {23524642}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00194-2}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352464221001942}, author = {Corona Maioli, Susanna and Bhabha, Jacqueline and Wickramage, Kolitha and Wood, Laura C N and Erragne, Ludivine and Ortega Garc{\'\i}a, Omar and Burgess, Rochelle and Digidiki, Vasileia and Aldridge, Robert W and Devakumar, Delan} } @article {7357, title = {Measuring the quality of early childhood education: Associations with children{\textquoteright}s development from a national study with the IMCEIC tool in Colombia}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {93}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-01-2022}, pages = {254 - 268}, keywords = {Colombia, early childhood development, Early childhood education, Social Emotional Development}, issn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/cdev.v93.110.1111/cdev.13665}, url = {https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13665}, author = {Maldonado-Carre{\~n}o, Carolina and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Escallon, Eduardo and Ponguta, Liliana~Ang{\'e}lica and Nieto, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Kagan, Sharon Lynn and Rey-~Guerra, Catalina and Cristancho, Juan Camilo and Mateus, Angy and Caro, Luz Angela and Arag{\'o}n, Carlos Andr{\'e}s and Rodr{\'\i}guez, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Motta, Andr{\'e}s} } @article {677, title = {A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics}, volume = {107}, number = {2}, year = {1992}, month = {May 1, 1992}, pages = {407-437}, abstract = {

This paper examines whether the Solow growth model is consistent with the international variation in the standard of living. It shows that an augmented Solow model that includes accumulation of human as well as physical capital provides an excellent description of the cross-country data. The paper also examines the implications of the Solow model for convergence in standards of living, that is, for whether poor countries tend to grow faster than rich countries. The evidence indicates that, holding population growth and capital accumulation constant, countries converge at about the rate the augmented Solow model predicts.

}, doi = {10.2307/2118477}, author = {Mankiw, N. G. and Romer, D. and Weil, D. N.} } @article {7305, title = {Accessible Strategies to Support Children{\textquoteright}s Mental Health and Wellbeing in Emergencies:Experience from the Rohingya Refugee Camp}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Nov-06-2022}, pages = {98}, keywords = {children, conflict, ECD, Health, Mental Health, MPHSS ECD, peace, Psychosocial, Refugee, Technology, well-being, youth}, doi = {10.33682/zhd4-5xt710.33682/1cba-5m06}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/62213}, author = {Mansur, Samier} } @article {725, title = {Academic and School Adjustment Outcomes Following Placement in a Developmental First-Grade Program}, journal = {The Journal of Educational Research}, volume = {97}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-11-2003}, pages = {90 - 105}, issn = {0022-0671}, doi = {10.1080/00220670309597512}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220670309597512http://heldref.metapress.com/index/E3625131T311208G.pdf}, author = {Mantzicopoulos, Panayota} } @article {678, title = {Coexistence Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Evaluating Intergroup Encounter Interventions Between Jews and Arabs in Israel}, journal = {Journal of Social Issues}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, pages = {437-452}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, isbn = {1540-4560}, doi = {10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00119.x}, author = {Maoz, Ifat} } @article {428, title = {Disasters and their impact on child development: introduction to the special section.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul-Aug}, pages = {1029-39}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Disasters, Humans, Research, Stress Disorders, Traumatic}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01452.x}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Osofsky, J. D.} } @article {423, title = {Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 May}, pages = {493-506}, abstract = {

This article delineates parallel frameworks that grew out of the research on risk and resilience over the past four decades, a framework for research and a framework for practice, and then discusses the promise of an emerging synthesis. The research framework defined the meaning, models, and methods that successfully guided four waves of research to date on the nature and processes involved in human resilience. The applied framework emerged in response to urgent needs of children and families faced by adversity and those charged with helping them, resulting in guidelines for translating the unfolding but incomplete research evidence into action. The application of a resilience approach transformed practice in many fields concerned with promoting resilience in people at risk for problems, revolutionizing the mission, models, measures, and methods of practice to align with the emphasis on positive adaptation and strengths defining a resilience-based approach. Yet these interventions rarely translated back to inform and refine resilience theory in ways that would accelerate progress to promote resilience more effectively. The concluding section on translational synergy discusses the potential for a synthesis of basic and applied resilience frameworks as the next steps toward realizing the original objective and promise of resilience science.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Life Change Events, Resilience, Psychological, Translational Medical Research}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579411000198}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {680, title = {Academic Risk and Resilience in the Context of Homelessness}, journal = {Child Development PerspectivesChild Development PerspectivesChild Development Perspectives}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {At2rk
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:40}, month = {Dec}, pages = {201-206}, abstract = {

Family homelessness in the United States has increased over the past two decades, raising concerns about associated risks for child development. In this article, we describe a translational research program focused on academic risk and resilience in homeless and highly mobile children. We find that although these children share many risk factors with other disadvantaged children, they are higher on an underlying continuum of risk. Additionally, marked variability has been observed among children who experience homelessness, both in risk level and achievement, with many children manifesting resilience. We discuss implications for research and efforts to address disparities in achievement.

}, keywords = {Achievement, achievement gap, adversity, childhood, children experiencing homelessness, cumulative risk, executive function, families, highly mobile children, homeless, mobility, reactivity, resilience, stress, success}, isbn = {1750-8592}, doi = {10.1111/cdep.12088}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Cutuli, J. J. and Herbers, J. E. and Hinz, E. and Obradovic, J. and Wenzel, A. J.} } @article {427, title = {Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {63}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {227-57}, abstract = {

This review highlights progress over the past decade in research on the effects of mass trauma experiences on children and youth, focusing on natural disasters, war, and terrorism. Conceptual advances are reviewed in terms of prevailing risk and resilience frameworks that guide basic and translational research. Recent evidence on common components of these models is evaluated, including dose effects, mediators and moderators, and the individual or contextual differences that predict risk or resilience. New research horizons with profound implications for health and well-being are discussed, particularly in relation to plausible models for biological embedding of extreme stress. Strong consistencies are noted in this literature, suggesting guidelines for disaster preparedness and response. At the same time, there is a notable shortage of evidence on effective interventions for child and youth victims. Practical and theory-informative research on strategies to protect children and youth victims and promote their resilience is a global priority.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Disasters, Humans, Psychology, Child, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Terrorism, War}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Narayan, A. J.} } @article {422, title = {Resilience in developing systems: progress and promise as the fourth wave rises.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {19}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Summer}, pages = {921-30}, abstract = {

Perspectives based on the first three waves of resilience research are discussed with the goal of informing the fourth wave of work, which is characterized by a focus on multilevel analysis and the dynamics of adaptation and change. Resilience is defined as a broad systems construct, referring to the capacity of dynamic systems to withstand or recover from significant disturbances. As the systems perspective on resilience builds strength and technologies of measuring and analyzing multiple levels of functioning and their interactions improve, it is becoming feasible to study gene-environment interactions, the development of adaptive systems and their role in resilience, and to conduct experiments to foster resilience or reprogram the fundamental adaptive systems that protect development in the context of adversity. Hot spots for future research to study and integrate multiple levels of analysis are delineated on the basis of evidence gleaned from the first waves of resilience research.

}, keywords = {Humans, Mental Disorders, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579407000442}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {431, title = {An fMRI investigation of empathy for {\textquoteright}social pain{\textquoteright} and subsequent prosocial behavior.}, journal = {Neuroimage}, volume = {55}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Mar 1}, pages = {381-8}, abstract = {

Despite empathy\&$\#$39;s importance for promoting social interactions, neuroimaging research has largely overlooked empathy during social experiences. Here, we examined neural activity during empathy for social exclusion and assessed how empathy-related neural processes might relate to subsequent prosocial behavior toward the excluded victim. During an fMRI scan, participants observed one person being excluded by two others, and afterwards sent emails to each of these \&$\#$39;people.\&$\#$39; Later, a group of raters assessed how prosocial (e.g., helpful, comforting) the emails were. Observing exclusion (vs. inclusion) activated regions associated with mentalizing (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus), and highly empathic individuals activated both mentalizing regions and social pain-related regions (anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). Additionally, the empathy-related activity in the anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex was associated with later prosocial behavior toward the victim, and exploratory mediation analyses indicated that medial prefrontal cortex activity, in particular, may support the link between trait empathy and prosocial behavior. Overall, findings suggest that empathy-related neural responses to social experiences may promote spontaneous prosocial treatment of those in need.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Brain, Empathy, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pain, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Young Adult}, issn = {1095-9572}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060}, author = {Masten, C. L. and Morelli, S. A. and Eisenberger, N. I.} } @article {679, title = {Risk and Resilience in the Educational Success of Homeless and Highly Mobile Children: Introduction to the Special Section}, journal = {Educational ResearcherEducational ResearcherEducational Researcher}, volume = {41}, number = {9}, year = {2012}, note = {083jr
Times Cited:4
Cited References Count:14}, month = {Dec}, pages = {363-365}, abstract = {

Homelessness and mobility in the context of poverty and economic crisis is an issue of rising local, national, and global concern for many stakeholders, including educators and education leaders. The articles featured in this special issue offer important data and commentary on the significance of homelessness and mobility for school success. This introduction provides a brief overview of the special section, which includes four empirical articles and an integrative commentary. These articles underscore the importance of mobility as well as poverty for achievement disparities and the practical value of integrated data and collaborative research for informing educational practice and policy.

}, keywords = {achievement gap, disparities, factor analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Poverty, regression analyses, urban education}, isbn = {0013-189x}, doi = {10.3102/0013189x12467366}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @inbook {5667, title = {Promoting the capacity for peace in early childhood: Perspectives from research on resilience in children and families}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {251 - 272}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {14}, abstract = {Lessons gleaned from five decades of research on resilience in children and youth exposed to trauma and adversity of many kinds, including war and family violence, may have important conceptual and practical implications for efforts to understand and promote pathways of peace in human adaptation and development. This chapter highlights concepts, approaches, findings, and controversies from studies of resilience that may prove informative for understanding and promoting pathways to peace in early childhood. These include a relational developmental systems perspective on peace; an emphasis on positive goals, processes, and pathways; issues in defining how well human systems at multiple levels are doing; delineation of adaptive systems that promote and protect peaceful function in interacting human systems; consideration of developmental timing and cascading influences among individual children and their nurturing environments; and the importance of intervention evidence for advancing a translational science agenda for peace. Resilience science also suggests that delineating processes of peace and peacebuilding in childhood requires attention to processes by which interacting systems shape the development and experiences of childhood pertinent to peace, particularly in the nurturing environments of childrearing and early education. Resilience frameworks suggest three basic approaches to promoting capacity for peace in the lives of children: mitigating risk or preventing exposure to experiences that undermine capacity for peace; boosting resources and opportunities that nurture the capacity for peace; and mobilizing powerful adaptive systems that support and protect human capabilities for peace in hazardous circumstances. Theoretically, these strategies should contribute to building capacity among children for peace, as a foundation for learning peaceful means of social interactions, managing conflict, and responding to stress or trauma. Additionally, resilience frameworks emphasize the importance of strategic timing and targeting to interrupt negative and facilitate positive cascades in (p.252) development and boost the return on investments in children. Findings from research on early onset pathways toward and away from violence are discussed, including preventive interventions that promote prosocial development while also reducing antisocial outcomes, including violence. Key questions are raised for consideration by those aiming to promote peace through early childhood policies and practices. The first set of questions stems from the principle that {\textquotedblleft}competence begets competence{\textquotedblright} in human development, asking whether building success in the developmental tasks of early childhood might also promote potential peace-related goals, attitudes, skills and processes in children and their ecologies, which could in turn contribute to peace at the level of families, communities, or societies. The second set considers whether reducing structural violence (i.e., inequalities in income, healthcare, education, and opportunities in early childhood) might promote peace along with better health and well-being at the level of individuals and societies. A third set raises provocative issues related to possibilities that capacities and skills intended to promote peace could also be applied to promote conflict and war and questions about whether violence can be adaptive or peace-promoting under some circumstances.}, keywords = {adaptive systems, Early childhood education, resilience, Risk}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0014}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Masten, A. S.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Panter-Brick, C. and Salah, R.} } @article {426, title = {The significance of childhood competence and problems for adult success in work: a developmental cascade analysis.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {22}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {679-94}, abstract = {

Success in the domain of work is a salient developmental task of adulthood and a key indicator of adaptive function in the evaluation of health and psychopathology. Yet few studies have examined pathways to work competence, especially with strategies testing for cumulative cascade effects over time. Cascade models spanning 20 years were tested via structural equation modeling, linking work competence in early adulthood to antecedent competence in work and other domains of competence in childhood and emerging adulthood. Data were drawn from the Project Competence longitudinal study of 205 school children followed for 20 years. Relative fit of alternative models was evaluated by the Bayesian information criterion. As hypothesized, the effectiveness of adaptive behavior in earlier age-salient developmental task domains forecasted later work competence, which also showed strong concurrent links to competence in other domains. Results suggest there are numerous pathways by which success or failure in major developmental task domains in childhood and adolescence may influence adaptation in other domains and eventually work competence, both concurrently and cumulatively over time. Cascade effects highlight the potential significance for later work competence of childhood conduct (antisocial vs. rule-abiding behavior) and social competence with peers, in addition to the ongoing role that academic attainment may have for work success. Work competence also showed considerable stability over a 10-year period during early adulthood. Implications and applications for future research and intervention are discussed.

}, keywords = {Achievement, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Child, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Resilience, Psychological, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000362}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Desjardins, C. D. and McCormick, C. M. and Kuo, S. I. and Long, J. D.} } @article {421, title = {Ordinary magic. Resilience processes in development.}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {56}, year = {2001}, month = {2001 Mar}, pages = {227-38}, abstract = {

The study of resilience in development has overturned many negative assumptions and deficit-focused models about children growing up under the threat of disadvantage and adversity. The most surprising conclusion emerging from studies of these children is the ordinariness of resilience. An examination of converging findings from variable-focused and person-focused investigations of these phenomena suggests that resilience is common and that it usually arises from the normative functions of human adaptational systems, with the greatest threats to human development being those that compromise these protective systems. The conclusion that resilience is made of ordinary rather than extraordinary processes offers a more positive outlook on human development and adaptation, as well as direction for policy and practice aimed at enhancing the development of children at risk for problems and psychopathology.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Psychology, Child}, issn = {0003-066X}, author = {Masten, A S} } @article {430, title = {Witnessing peer rejection during early adolescence: neural correlates of empathy for experiences of social exclusion.}, journal = {Soc Neurosci}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {496-507}, abstract = {

Neuroimaging studies with adults have begun to reveal the neural bases of empathy; however, this research has focused on empathy for physical pain, rather than empathy for negative social experiences. Moreover, this work has not examined adolescents who may frequently witness and empathize with others that experience negative social experiences such as peer rejection. Here, we examined neural activity among early adolescents observing social exclusion compared to observing inclusion, and how this activity related to both trait empathy and subsequent prosocial behavior. Participants were scanned while they observed an individual whom they believed was being socially excluded. At least one day prior to the scan they reported their trait empathy, and following the scan they wrote emails to the excluded victim that were rated for prosocial behavior (e.g., helping, comforting). Observing exclusion compared to inclusion activated regions involved in mentalizing (i.e., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), particularly among highly empathic individuals. Additionally, individuals who displayed more activity in affective, pain-related regions during observed exclusion compared to inclusion subsequently wrote more prosocial emails to excluded victims. Overall findings suggest that when early adolescents witness social exclusion in their daily lives, some may actually \&$\#$39;feel the pain\&$\#$39; of the victims and act more prosocially toward them as a result.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Age Factors, Brain, Child, Empathy, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Peer Group, Rejection (Psychology), Social Behavior}, issn = {1747-0927}, doi = {10.1080/17470919.2010.490673}, author = {Masten, C. L. and Eisenberger, N. I. and Pfeifer, J. H. and Dapretto, M.} } @article {425, title = {Developmental cascades.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {22}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {491-5}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Humans, Mental Disorders, Psychopathology}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000222}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Cicchetti, D.} } @article {429, title = {Resilience in developmental psychopathology: contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 May}, pages = {345-61}, abstract = {

Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study (PCLS) to resilience science and developmental psychopathology are highlighted in this article. Initiated by Norman Garmezy, the PCLS contributed models, measures, and methods, as well as working definitions of concepts like competence, developmental tasks, protective factors, and resilience. Findings from the study corroborated the feasibility of studying adaptation in a normative group of school children, identifying patterns of resilience, competence without major adversity, and maladaptive paths through life. Competence was multidimensional, showing continuity and change over time. Cascading effects across domains indicated that competence and problems spread over time. Thus, adult achievements in developmental tasks were rooted in childhood and adolescence. Young people who showed resilience had much in common with similarly successful peers who experienced less adversity over time, including high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, and good cognitive, as well as social-emotional, skills. Maladaptive youth in the study often faced high adversity with little adaptive capacity (internal or external) and tended to generate stressful experiences. Resilience often emerged in childhood and endured, but there also were late bloomers whose lives turned around in the transition to adulthood. The role of collaboration and mentorship in the PCLS is also discussed.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Personality, Resilience, Psychological}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S095457941200003X}, author = {Masten, A. S. and Tellegen, A.} } @article {424, title = {Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {85}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Jan-Feb}, pages = {6-20}, abstract = {

Global concerns about the consequences of disasters, political violence, disease, malnutrition, maltreatment, and other threats to human development and well-being have sparked a surge of international interest in resilience science. This article highlights progress and issues in research that aims to understand variations in human adaptation to adverse experiences. Two key questions are considered: Why is a new wave of global research on resilience important for developmental science? and Why is developmental science important for global resilience? The conclusion calls for developmental scientists to engage in international efforts to promote resilience.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Biomedical Research, Child, Child Development, Global Health, Humans, Resilience, Psychological}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/cdev.12205}, author = {Masten, A. S.} } @article {681, title = {Mediation in the schools: Self-regulation, self-esteem, and self-discipline}, journal = {Mediation Quarterly}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, pages = {149-155}, publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company}, isbn = {1932-7544}, doi = {10.1002/crq.3900070206}, author = {Maxwell, Jennifer P.} } @article {4531, title = {Parental representations and subclinical changes in postpartum mood}, journal = {J Infant Ment Health }, volume = {28}, number = {3}, year = {2007}, note = {Mayes, Linda C
Leckman, James F
eng
2007/05/01 00:00
Infant Ment Health J. 2007 May;28(3):281-295. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20136.}, month = {May}, pages = {281-295}, abstract = {Parents commonly experience a depressed mood in the immediate postpartum period, and a smaller proportion experience clinical postpartum depression. Among other factors, mental representations of early parenting experience appear to contribute to the development of major depressive disorder. The present study examines the role of mental representations of early parenting in subclinical fluctuations of parental mood in the peripartum period. Forty-one middle-class mothers and thirty-six fathers were interviewed on three occasions from late in their pregnancy until three months postpartum. Ratings of social support and past history of depression were obtained along with ratings of parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of their early parenting experiences. Parents{\textquoteright} perception of their own maternal care was significantly predictive of peripartum fluctuations in mood. Parents who perceived their own mothers as less caring showed more dysphoria at 8 months gestation, and at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. Perceptions of maternal protectiveness or fathers{\textquoteright} caring and protectiveness were not related to prenatal or postpartum mood fluctuations. Both mothers and fathers who perceived their mothers as affectionless and/or controlling were more likely to experience fluctuations in mood in the peripartum period. A past history of one or more episodes of major depression and ratings of perceived social support were also associated with more peripartum mood fluctuation. These findings suggest that early parenting experiences set the threshold for how vulnerable parents are in the peripartum period to the depressive costs of engaging with a new infant.}, isbn = {1097-0355 (Electronic)
0163-9641 (Linking)}, author = {Mayes, L. C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {4896, title = {Disease burden and mental health system capacity: WHO Atlas study of 117 low- and middle-income countries}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {201}, number = {6}, year = {2012}, note = {McBain, Ryan
Salhi, Carmel
Morris, Jodi E
Salomon, Joshua A
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
England
2012/11/10 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;201(6):444-50. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.112318. Epub 2012 Nov 8.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {444-50}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Treatment coverage for mental disorders ranges from less than 10\% to more than 90\% across low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. Studies have yet to examine whether the capacity of mental health systems might be adversely affected by the burdens of unrelated conditions such as HIV/AIDS. AIMS: To examine whether the magnitude of disease burden from communicable, perinatal, maternal and nutritional conditions - commonly referred to as Group 1 diseases - is inversely associated with mental health system capacity in LAMI countries. METHOD: Multiple regression analyses were undertaken using data from 117 LAMI countries included in the 2011 World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Atlas. Capacity was defined in terms of human resources and infrastructure. Regressions controlled for effects of political stability, government health expenditures, income inequality and neuropsychiatric disease burden. RESULTS: Higher Group 1 disease burden was associated with fewer psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses in the mental health sector, as well as reduced numbers of out-patient facilities and psychiatric beds in mental hospitals and general hospitals (t = -2.06 to -7.68, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that mental health system capacity in LAMI countries may be adversely affected by the magnitude of their Group 1 disease burden.}, keywords = {Chronic Disease/economics/*epidemiology, Cost of Illness, Developing Countries/economics/*statistics \& numerical data, Economic Development, Global Health, Health Manpower/economics, Health Services Accessibility/standards/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Mental Disorders/economics/*therapy, Mental Health Services/economics/*supply \& distribution, Prevalence, Quality of Life}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {McBain, R. and Salhi, C. and Morris, J. E. and Salomon, J. A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4776, title = {Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mental health intervention for war-affected young persons: decision analysis based on a randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Health Policy Plan}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {McBain, Ryan K
Salhi, Carmel
Hann, Katrina
Salomon, Joshua A
Kim, Jane J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
P30 AG024409/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
1F31MH097333-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
5K01MH077246-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
5P30AG024409-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/09/09 06:00
Health Policy Plan. 2016 May;31(4):415-24. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czv078. Epub 2015 Sep 7.}, month = {May}, pages = {415-24}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: One billion children live in war-affected regions of the world. We conducted the first cost-effectiveness analysis of an intervention for war-affected youth in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a broader cost analysis. METHODS: The Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI) is a behavioural treatment for reducing functional impairment associated with psychological distress among war-affected young persons. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from July 2012 to July 2013. Participants (n = 436, aged 15-24) were randomized to YRI (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Functional impairment was indexed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale; scores were converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). An {\textquoteright}ingredients approach{\textquoteright} estimated financial and economic costs, assuming a societal perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also expressed in terms of gains across dimensions of mental health and schooling. Secondary analyses explored whether intervention effects were largest among those worst-off (upper quartile) at baseline. RESULTS: Retention at 6-month follow-up was 85\% (n = 371). The estimated economic cost of the intervention was $104 per participant. Functional impairment was lower among YRI recipients, compared with controls, following the intervention but not at 6-month follow-up, and yielded an ICER of $7260 per QALY gained. At 8-month follow-up, teachers{\textquoteright} interviews indicated that YRI recipients observed higher school enrolment [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 8.9], denoting a cost of $431 per additional school year gained, as well as better school attendance (P = 0.007, OR 34.9) and performance (P = 0.03, effect size = -1.31). Secondary analyses indicated that the intervention was cost-effective among those worst-off at baseline, yielding an ICER of $3564 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: The YRI is not cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of three times average gross domestic product per capita. However, results indicate that the YRI translated into a range of benefits, such as improved school enrolment, not captured by cost-effectiveness analysis. We also outline areas for modification to improve cost-effectiveness in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: RPCGA-YRI-21003.}, keywords = {*Cost-effectiveness analysis, *disability, *Health Care Costs, *Mental Health, *school, *sub-Saharan Africa, *war, *Warfare, Adolescent, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services/economics, Psychotherapy, Group/*economics/methods, Sierra Leone, Stress, Psychological/*etiology/therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult}, isbn = {1460-2237 (Electronic)
0268-1080 (Linking)}, author = {McBain, R. K. and Salhi, C. and Hann, K. and Salomon, J. A. and Kim, J. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4766, title = {Improving outcomes for caregivers through treatment of young people affected by war: a randomized controlled trial in Sierra Leone}, journal = {Bull World Health Organ}, volume = {93}, number = {12}, year = {2015}, note = {McBain, Ryan K
Salhi, Carmel
Hann, Katrina
Kellie, Jim
Kamara, Alimamy
Salomon, Joshua A
Kim, Jane J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
Switzerland
2015/12/17 06:00
Bull World Health Organ. 2015 Dec 1;93(12):834-41. doi: 10.2471/BLT.14.139105. Epub 2015 Oct 16.}, month = {Dec 1}, pages = {834-41}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To measure the benefits to household caregivers of a psychotherapeutic intervention for adolescents and young adults living in a war-affected area. METHODS: Between July 2012 and July 2013, we carried out a randomized controlled trial of the Youth Readiness Intervention--a cognitive-behavioural intervention for war-affected young people who exhibit depressive and anxiety symptoms and conduct problems--in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Overall, 436 participants aged 15-24 years were randomized to receive the intervention (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Household caregivers for the participants in the intervention arm (n = 101) or control arm (n = 103) were interviewed during a baseline survey and again, if available (n = 155), 12 weeks later in a follow-up survey. We used a burden assessment scale to evaluate the burden of care placed on caregivers in terms of emotional distress and functional impairment. The caregivers{\textquoteright} mental health--i.e. internalizing, externalizing and prosocial behaviour--was evaluated using the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment. Difference-in-differences multiple regression analyses were used, within an intention-to-treat framework, to estimate the treatment effects. FINDINGS: Compared with the caregivers of participants of the control group, the caregivers of participants of the intervention group reported greater reductions in emotional distress (scale difference: 0.252; 95\% confidence interval, CI: 0.026-0.4782) and greater improvements in prosocial behaviour (scale difference: 0.249; 95\% CI: 0.012-0.486) between the two surveys. CONCLUSION: A psychotherapeutic intervention for war-affected young people can improve the mental health of their caregivers.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/therapy, Caregivers/*psychology, Cognitive Therapy/*methods, Conduct Disorder/therapy, Depression/therapy, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Linear Models, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Sierra Leone, Stress, Psychological/*psychology, Treatment Outcome, Warfare, Young Adult}, isbn = {1564-0604 (Electronic)
0042-9686 (Linking)}, author = {McBain, R. K. and Salhi, C. and Hann, K. and Kellie, J. and Kamara, A. and Salomon, J. A. and Kim, J. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5704, title = {Peace dividends and beyond: Contributions of administrative and social services to peacebuilding}, year = {2012}, institution = {United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {peacebuilding}, url = {http://toolkit.ineesite.org/toolkit/INEEcms/uploads/1152/CS10_McCandless.pdf}, author = {McCandless, E. and UnitedNationsPeacebuildingSupportOffice} } @inbook {582, title = {Culture, Cognition and Conflict: How Neuroscience Can Help to Explain Cultural Differences in Negotiation and Conflict Management}, booktitle = {Neuroeconomics and the Firm}, year = {2010}, pages = {263-288}, publisher = {Edward Elgar}, organization = {Edward Elgar}, address = {Cheltenham}, url = {http://www.e-elgar.com/shop/neuroeconomics-and-the-firm}, author = {J. F. McCarthy and C. A. Scheraga and D. E. Gibson}, editor = {A. A. Stanton et al.} } @article {7143, title = {The state of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world{\textquoteright}s most vulnerable children. ECPC panel session summary report. G20 Civil Society (C20) Virtual Summit {\textemdash} C20 Saudi Arabia 2020}, year = {2021}, institution = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {

Report on the Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC) \“Global Call to Action in Response to COVID-19 for Children in Fragile and Conflict-affected Settings\”, delivered by a panel of multidisciplinary ECPC experts at the G20 Civil Society (C20) Virtual Summit \— C20 Saudi Arabia 2020

â–º\ READ\ the 21-page C20 Summit ECPC panel session report: \“The State of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the World\’s Most Vulnerable Children.
}, keywords = {C20, COVID-19, displaced children, early childhood development, G20, refugee and migrant children}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/work-content/state-covid-19-pandemic-worlds-most-vulnerable-children}, author = {McCarthy, M. and ECPC} } @book {542, title = {Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development}, year = {2006}, pages = {680}, publisher = {Wiley}, organization = {Wiley}, abstract = {

The Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development presents a comprehensive summary of research into child development from age two to seven.

}, isbn = {9781405120739}, url = {http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405120738.html}, author = {McCartney, K. and Phillips, D.} } @article {5909, title = {Early Childhood Developmental Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: National, Regional, and Global Prevalence Estimates Using Predictive Modeling}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {1549-1676
McCoy, Dana Charles
Peet, Evan D
Orcid: 0000-0001-6147-3475
Ezzati, Majid
Orcid: 0000-0002-2109-8081
Danaei, Goodarz
Black, Maureen M
Sudfeld, Christopher R
Fawzi, Wafaie
Fink, Gunther
100693/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
PLoS Med. 2016 Jun 7;13(6):e1002034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034. eCollection 2016 Jun.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {e1002233}, edition = {2016/06/09}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The development of cognitive and socioemotional skills early in life influences later health and well-being. Existing estimates of unmet developmental potential in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are based on either measures of physical growth or proxy measures such as poverty. In this paper we aim to directly estimate the number of children in LMICs who would be reported by their caregivers to show low cognitive and/or socioemotional development. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The present paper uses Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) data collected between 2005 and 2015 from 99,222 3- and 4-y-old children living in 35 LMICs as part of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programs. First, we estimate the prevalence of low cognitive and/or socioemotional ECDI scores within our MICS/DHS sample. Next, we test a series of ordinary least squares regression models predicting low ECDI scores across our MICS/DHS sample countries based on country-level data from the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Nutrition Impact Model Study. We use cross-validation to select the model with the best predictive validity. We then apply this model to all LMICs to generate country-level estimates of the prevalence of low ECDI scores globally, as well as confidence intervals around these estimates. In the pooled MICS and DHS sample, 14.6\% of children had low ECDI scores in the cognitive domain, 26.2\% had low socioemotional scores, and 36.8\% performed poorly in either or both domains. Country-level prevalence of low cognitive and/or socioemotional scores on the ECDI was best represented by a model using the HDI as a predictor. Applying this model to all LMICs, we estimate that 80.8 million children ages 3 and 4 y (95\% CI 48.1 million, 113.6 million) in LMICs experienced low cognitive and/or socioemotional development in 2010, with the largest number of affected children in sub-Saharan Africa (29.4.1 million; 43.8\% of children ages 3 and 4 y), followed by South Asia (27.7 million; 37.7\%) and the East Asia and Pacific region (15.1 million; 25.9\%). Positive associations were found between low development scores and stunting, poverty, male sex, rural residence, and lack of cognitive stimulation. Additional research using more detailed developmental assessments across a larger number of LMICs is needed to address the limitations of the present study. CONCLUSIONS: The number of children globally failing to reach their developmental potential remains large. Additional research is needed to identify the specific causes of poor developmental outcomes in diverse settings, as well as potential context-specific interventions that might promote children{\textquoteright}s early cognitive and socioemotional well-being.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Cognition, *Models, Theoretical, *Social Behavior, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries/*statistics \& numerical data, Economics, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {1549-1277}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034}, author = {McCoy, D. C. and Peet, E. D. and Ezzati, M. and Danaei, G. and Black, M. M. and Sudfeld, C. R. and Fawzi, W. and Fink, G.} } @article {6125, title = {Emergent growth patterns of early education self-control problems among children from underresourced American families}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {48}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-02-2019}, pages = {1 - 13}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.08.010}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200618301418}, author = {McDermott, Paul A. and Watkins, Marley W. and Rovine, Michael J. and Rikoon, Samuel H. and Irwin, Clare W. and Reyes, Roland and Chao, Jessica L.} } @inbook {7389, title = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, booktitle = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, year = {2011}, pages = {159-176}, chapter = {Critical issues in peace and conflict studies: Theory, practice, and pedagogy}, keywords = {Education / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Cultural Policy, Social Science / Violence in Society}, url = {T. Maty{\'o}k, J. Senehi, \& S. Byrne}, author = {McEvoy-Levy, S. and Maty{\'o}k, T. and Senehi, J. and Byrne, S.} } @article {432, title = {Brain on stress: how the social environment gets under the skin.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17180-5}, abstract = {

Stress is a state of the mind, involving both brain and body as well as their interactions; it differs among individuals and reflects not only major life events but also the conflicts and pressures of daily life that alter physiological systems to produce a chronic stress burden that, in turn, is a factor in the expression of disease. This burden reflects the impact of not only life experiences but also genetic variations and individual health behaviors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, and substance abuse; it also reflects stable epigenetic modifications in development that set lifelong patterns of physiological reactivity and behavior through biological embedding of early environments interacting with cumulative change from experiences over the lifespan. Hormones associated with the chronic stress burden protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation (allostasis), but in the long run, the burden of chronic stress causes changes in the brain and body that can lead to disease (allostatic load and overload). Brain circuits are plastic and remodeled by stress to change the balance between anxiety, mood control, memory, and decision making. Such changes may have adaptive value in particular contexts, but their persistence and lack of reversibility can be maladaptive. However, the capacity of brain plasticity to effects of stressful experiences in adult life has only begun to be explored along with the efficacy of top-down strategies for helping the brain change itself, sometimes aided by pharmaceutical agents and other treatments.

}, keywords = {Allostasis, Brain, Child, Glucocorticoids, Hippocampus, Humans, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Neuronal Plasticity, Social Conditions, Social Environment, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121254109}, author = {McEwen, Bruce S} } @article {194, title = {Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse.}, journal = {Nat Neurosci}, volume = {12}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Mar}, pages = {342-8}, abstract = {

Maternal care influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in the rat through epigenetic programming of glucocorticoid receptor expression. In humans, childhood abuse alters HPA stress responses and increases the risk of suicide. We examined epigenetic differences in a neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) promoter between postmortem hippocampus obtained from suicide victims with a history of childhood abuse and those from either suicide victims with no childhood abuse or controls. We found decreased levels of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA, as well as mRNA transcripts bearing the glucocorticoid receptor 1F splice variant and increased cytosine methylation of an NR3C1 promoter. Patch-methylated NR3C1 promoter constructs that mimicked the methylation state in samples from abused suicide victims showed decreased NGFI-A transcription factor binding and NGFI-A-inducible gene transcription. These findings translate previous results from rat to humans and suggest a common effect of parental care on the epigenetic regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression.

}, keywords = {Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Base Sequence, Cell Line, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Suicide, Young Adult}, issn = {1546-1726}, doi = {10.1038/nn.2270}, author = {McGowan, Patrick O and Sasaki, Aya and D{\textquoteright}Alessio, Ana C and Dymov, Sergiy and Labont{\'e}, Benoit and Szyf, Moshe and Turecki, Gustavo and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {5910, title = {Trauma and psychotic experiences: transnational data from the World Mental Health Survey}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {211}, number = {6}, year = {2017}, note = {1472-1465
McGrath, John J
Saha, Sukanta
Lim, Carmen C W
Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio
Alonso, Jordi
Andrade, Laura H
Bromet, Evelyn J
Bruffaerts, Ronny
Caldas de Almeida, Jose M
Cardoso, Graca
de Girolamo, Giovanni
Fayyad, John
Florescu, Silvia
Gureje, Oye
Haro, Josep M
Kawakami, Norito
Koenen, Karestan C
Kovess-Masfety, Viviane
Lee, Sing
Lepine, Jean-Pierre
McLaughlin, Katie A
Medina-Mora, Maria E
Navarro-Mateu, Fernando
Ojagbemi, Akin
Posada-Villa, Jose
Sampson, Nancy
Scott, Kate M
Tachimori, Hisateru
Ten Have, Margreet
Kendler, Kenneth S
Kessler, Ronald C
WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators
R01 DA016558/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH103291/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R03 TW006481/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH069864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
U01 MH060220/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH070884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
R13 MH066849/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
England
Br J Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;211(6):373-380. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955. Epub 2017 Nov 2.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {373-380}, edition = {2017/11/04}, abstract = {BackgroundTraumatic events are associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences, but it is unclear whether this association is explained by mental disorders prior to psychotic experience onset.AimsTo investigate the associations between traumatic events and subsequent psychotic experience onset after adjusting for post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.MethodWe assessed 29 traumatic event types and psychotic experiences from the World Mental Health surveys and examined the associations of traumatic events with subsequent psychotic experience onset with and without adjustments for mental disorders.ResultsRespondents with any traumatic events had three times the odds of other respondents of subsequently developing psychotic experiences (OR = 3.1, 95\% CI 2.7-3.7), with variability in strength of association across traumatic event types. These associations persisted after adjustment for mental disorders.ConclusionsExposure to traumatic events predicts subsequent onset of psychotic experiences even after adjusting for comorbid mental disorders.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, Comorbidity, Global Health/statistics \& numerical data, Health Surveys/statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Prevalence, Psychological Trauma/complications/*epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology/etiology}, isbn = {0007-1250}, doi = {10.1192/bjp.bp.117.205955}, author = {McGrath, J. J. and Saha, S. and Lim, C. C. W. and Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. and Alonso, J. and Andrade, L. H. and Bromet, E. J. and Bruffaerts, R. and Caldas de Almeida, J. M. and Cardoso, G. and de Girolamo, G. and Fayyad, J. and Florescu, S. and Gureje, O. and Haro, J. M. and Kawakami, N. and Koenen, K. C. and Kovess-Masfety, V. and Lee, S. and Lepine, J. P. and McLaughlin, K. A. and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Navarro-Mateu, F. and Ojagbemi, A. and Posada-Villa, J. and Sampson, N. and Scott, K. M. and Tachimori, H. and Ten Have, M. and Kendler, K. S. and Kessler, R. C.} } @article {433, title = {Socio-economic status is associated with epigenetic differences in the pSoBid cohort.}, journal = {Int J Epidemiol}, volume = {41}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Feb}, pages = {151-60}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic programming and epigenetic mechanisms driven by environmental factors are thought to play an important role in human health and ageing. Global DNA methylation has been postulated as an epigenetic marker for epidemiological studies as it is reflective of changes in gene expression linked to disease. How epigenetic mechanisms are affected by psychological, sociological and biological determinants of health still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-economic and lifestyle factors and epigenetic status, as measured by global DNA methylation content, in the pSoBid cohort, which is characterized by an extreme socio-economic and health gradient.

METHODS: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes using the Maxwell\® 16 System and Maxwell\® 16 Blood DNA Purification kit (Promega, UK). Global DNA methylation was assessed using Methylamp\™ Global DNA Methylation Quantification Ultra kit (Epigentek, USA). Associations between global DNA methylation and socio-economic and lifestyle factors were investigated in linear regression models.

RESULTS: Global DNA hypomethylation was observed in the most socio-economically deprived subjects. Job status demonstrated a similar relationship, with manual workers having 24\% lower DNA methylation content than non-manual. Additionally, associations were found between global DNA methylation content and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation, including fibrinogen and interleukin-6 (IL-6), after adjustment for socio-economic factors.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has indicated an association between epigenetic status and socio-economic status (SES). This relationship has direct implications for population health and is reflected in further associations between global DNA methylation content and emerging biomarkers of CVD.

}, keywords = {Adult, Cohort Studies, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Social Class}, issn = {1464-3685}, doi = {10.1093/ije/dyr215}, author = {McGuinness, Dagmara and McGlynn, Liane M and Johnson, Paul C D and MacIntyre, Alan and Batty, G David and Burns, Harry and Cavanagh, Jonathan and Deans, Kevin A and Ford, Ian and McConnachie, Alex and McGinty, Agnes and McLean, Jennifer S and Millar, Keith and Packard, Chris J and Sattar, Naveed A and Tannahill, Carol and Velupillai, Yoga N and Shiels, Paul G} } @article {7367, title = {Fathers Matter for Peace, Equity and Social Inclusion}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Conflict, Resilience, and Health Program, Yale University}, address = {New Haven, CT USA}, keywords = {early childhood development, equity, Fathers, governance and policy, social inclusion}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/policy-brief-fathers-matter-peace-equity-and-social-inclusion}, author = {McLean, K.E. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {7375, title = {{\textquoteleft}Post-crisis masculinities{\textquoteright} in Sierra Leone: revisiting masculinity theory}, journal = {Gender, Place \& Culture}, volume = {28}, year = {2021}, month = {Mar-06-2021}, pages = {786 - 805}, keywords = {crisis of masculinity, fatherhood, masculinities, Post-conflict, Sierra Leone}, issn = {0966-369X}, doi = {10.1080/0966369X.2020.1825214}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1825214}, author = {McLean, Kristen E.} } @article {699, title = {Using Sociodrama to Help Young Children Problem Solve}, journal = {Early Childhood Education Journal}, volume = {39}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-01-2012}, pages = {407 - 412}, issn = {1082-3301}, doi = {10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10643-011-0482-9}, author = {Pecaski McLennan, Deanna Marie} } @article {7651, title = {Intergenerational Pathways to Peace: Putting Children First. Policy Brief, Global Health Studies Program}, year = {2024}, month = {January 2024}, publisher = {Global Health Studies Program, Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University}, address = {New Haven, CT USA}, abstract = {
In this brief, we argue that Early Childhood Development (ECD) is a catalyst for intergenerational\ peacebuilding and community stability. ECD interventions, encompassing learning, stimulation, and\ social cohesion, foster vital skills for peaceful societies. We argue that nutrition serves as a critical\ entry point for implementing integrated ECD initiatives, which hold promise in advancing strategic\ peacebuilding. We underscore the significance of adequate nutrition and caregiver empowerment.\ Nutrition\’s role in positive social behavior and cognitive development is a critical component, offering\ a pathway to a more peaceful society. Quality caregiving, influenced by caregiver mental health, directly impacts\ child development. Programs targeting maternal well-being, like Pakistan\’s Thinking Healthy\ initiative, yield positive outcomes for both mothers and children. Moreover, we highlight the essential\ pillars of social cohesion and economic development in peacebuilding. These elements reinforce each\ other, reducing conflict risks and fostering peaceful societies. Ultimately, we emphasize the transformative\ potential of children and families as peacebuilders, with ECD programs serving as a valuable tool for grassroots\ peace initiatives. We conclude that investing in integrated ECD and nutrition programs, alongside\ caregiver empowerment, presents a cost- effective approach to impactful peacebuilding, nurturing
sustainable peace, prosperity, and community cohesion.
}, keywords = {caregiving, early childhood development, Mental Health, nutrition, Parenting, peacebuilding, Social cohesion, violence prevention}, url = {https://issuu.com/jacksonyale/docs/ca026655_jacksonghs_intergenerational_full-report}, author = {Merritt ME and Peterson E and Shaheen R and Zerbib A and Mellinghoff S and Nuli S and De Oliveira S and Ramirez JB and Fallon C and Panter-Brick C and Hein S} } @article {435, title = {Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity?}, journal = {Trends Neurosci}, volume = {28}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Sep}, pages = {456-63}, abstract = {

It is widely acknowledged that the nature of the maternal care a child receives can have long-term repercussions, and that children raised in deprived environments can have severe cognitive and behavioural difficulties that last into adulthood. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not understood, but recent data from rodents provide insight into a potential molecular mechanism. Like humans, rodent maternal behaviour towards offspring can effect long-term changes in responses of the offspring to stress throughout the rest of their lives. Remarkably, these changes reflect permanently altered gene expression, so-called \"environmental programming\", and its downstream effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review discusses the nature of this environmental programming--the mechanism by which it occurs in rats, its long-term implications, and opportunities for its reversal in rodents and ultimately in humans.

}, keywords = {Animals, Chromatin, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Maternal Behavior, Models, Genetic, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0166-2236}, doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2005.07.006}, author = {Meaney, Michael J and Szyf, Moshe} } @article {434, title = {Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene x environment interactions.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan-Feb}, pages = {41-79}, abstract = {

Variations in phenotype reflect the influence of environmental conditions during development on cellular functions, including that of the genome. The recent integration of epigenetics into developmental psychobiology illustrates the processes by which environmental conditions in early life structurally alter DNA, providing a physical basis for the influence of the perinatal environmental signals on phenotype over the life of the individual. This review focuses on the enduring effects of naturally occurring variations in maternal care on gene expression and phenotype to provide an example of environmentally driven plasticity at the level of the DNA, revealing the interdependence of gene and environmental in the regulation of phenotype.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Critical Period (Psychology), DNA, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genome, Human, Humans, Maternal Behavior, Phenotype, Social Environment}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01381.x}, author = {Meaney, Michael J} } @article {7378, title = {Identifying the roles of fathers in post-war northern Uganda: Groundwork for a parenting intervention}, journal = {African Studies}, volume = {77}, year = {2018}, month = {Feb-10-2018}, pages = {526 - 548}, keywords = {Fathers, parent-child relationships, Uganda}, issn = {0002-0184}, doi = {10.1080/00020184.2018.1496593}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00020184.2018.1496593}, author = {Mehus, Christopher J and Wieling, Elizabeth and Achan, Laura and Oloya, Okot Thomas} } @article {436, title = {A review of parenting programs in developing countries: opportunities and challenges for preventing emotional and behavioral difficulties in children.}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {15}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jun}, pages = {163-75}, abstract = {

Many children in developing countries are at risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties, which are likely to be elevated due to the effects of poverty. Parenting programs have shown to be effective preventative strategies in high-income countries, but to date the research on their effectiveness in lower-income countries is limited. International organizations such as the World Health Organization have called for the implementation of programs to prevent behavioral difficulties through the development of stable relationships between children and their parents. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature on parenting programs in developing countries in order to identify challenges, opportunities and directions for further research. First, reports of international organizations were reviewed in order to gain a preliminary overview of the field. In a second stage, a non-systematic review was carried out. Databases were searched in order to identify empirical evaluations of parenting programs in low-income countries. Finally, a systematic review was carried out to specifically identify evaluations of programs targeting emotional or behavioral outcomes. Only one study had a strong methodology among those designed to prevent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Opportunities for further program development and research are identified.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Education, Humans, Parenting, Poverty, Program Evaluation}, issn = {1573-2827}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-012-0116-9}, author = {Mejia, Anilena and Calam, Rachel and Sanders, Matthew R} } @article {7246, title = {State of the world{\textquoteright}s fathers 2021: Structural solutions to achieve equality in care work}, year = {2021}, institution = {MenCare}, keywords = {COVID-19, equity, father involvement, Parenting}, url = {http://stateoftheworldsfathers.org/report/state-of-the-worlds-fathers-2021/}, author = {MenCare} } @article {7713, title = {Intergenerational Pathways to Peace: Putting Children First}, year = {2024}, publisher = {Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs}, address = {New Haven, CT USA}, keywords = {Children and families, early childhood development, nutrition, Social cohesion, Support for caregivers}, url = {https://jackson.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CA026655_JacksonGHS_Intergenerational_REPORT_FINAL.pdf}, author = {Matthew Elmore Merritt* and Emma Peterson* and Roaa Shaheen* and Alison Zerbib* and Sabrina Mellinghoff and Shreya Nuli and Sophia De Oliveira and Jordi Bertran Ramirez and Sascha Hein and Cara Fallon and Catherine Panter-Brick} } @article {7379, title = {The Effects of a Reading-Based Intervention on Emotion Processing in Children Who Have Suffered Early Adversity and War Related Trauma}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {Dec-03-2022}, keywords = {affective development, emotion recognition, reading intervention, refugee children, war trauma}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613754}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613754/full}, author = {Michalek, Julia E. and Lisi, Matteo and Awad, Deema and Hadfield, Kristin and Mareschal, Isabelle and Dajani, Rana} } @article {3316, title = {Youth Agency and Peacebuilding: An Analysis of the Role of Formal and Non-Formal Education}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, institution = {UNICEF Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam Centre for International Education, University of Sussex UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, url = {https://educationanddevelopment.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/youth-agency-synthesis-report-final16.pdf}, author = {Mieke, T. A. and Cardozo, L. and Higgins, S. and Le Mat, M. L. J.} } @article {5947, title = { Responding to the ECEC needs of children of refugees and asylum seekers in Europe and North America}, year = {2018}, institution = {Migration Policy Institute}, keywords = {child refugees, children and family policy, Early childhood education, Education, immigrant integration, immigration policy and law}, url = {https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/responding-ecec-needs-children-refugees-asylum-seekers-europe-north-america}, author = {MigrationPolicyInstitute} } @article {195, title = {Integration of prevention of violence against children and early child development.}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Aug}, pages = {e442-3}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Health Promotion, Humans, Preventive Health Services, Violence}, issn = {2214-109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70233-5}, author = {Mikton, Christopher and MacMillan, Harriet and Dua, Tarun and Betancourt, Theresa S} } @article {5912, title = {Integration of prevention of violence against children and early child development}, journal = {Lancet Glob HealthLancet Glob HealthLancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {2214-109x
Mikton, Christopher
MacMillan, Harriet
Dua, Tarun
Betancourt, Theresa S
001/World Health Organization/International
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Aug;2(8):e442-3. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70233-5. Epub 2014 Jul 23.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {e442-3}, edition = {2014/08/12}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Child Abuse/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/*organization \& administration, Health Promotion/*organization \& administration, Humans, Preventive Health Services/*organization \& administration, Violence/*prevention \& control}, isbn = {2214-109x}, author = {Mikton, C. and MacMillan, H. and Dua, T. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {437, title = {Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews.}, journal = {Bull World Health Organ}, volume = {87}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 May}, pages = {353-61}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize recent evidence from systematic and comprehensive reviews on the effectiveness of universal and selective child maltreatment prevention interventions, evaluate the methodological quality of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they are based on, and map the geographical distribution of the evidence.

METHODS: A systematic review of reviews was conducted. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated with a tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR), and the quality of the outcome evaluations was assessed using indicators of internal validity and of the construct validity of outcome measures.

FINDINGS: The review focused on seven main types of interventions: home visiting, parent education, child sex abuse prevention, abusive head trauma prevention, multi-component interventions, media-based interventions, and support and mutual aid groups. Four of the seven - home-visiting, parent education, abusive head trauma prevention and multi-component interventions - show promise in preventing actual child maltreatment. Three of them - home visiting, parent education and child sexual abuse prevention - appear effective in reducing risk factors for child maltreatment, although these conclusions are tentative due to the methodological shortcomings of the reviews and outcome evaluation studies they draw on. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the evidence shows that outcome evaluations of child maltreatment prevention interventions are exceedingly rare in low- and middle-income countries and make up only 0.6\% of the total evidence base.

CONCLUSION: Evidence for the effectiveness of four of the seven main types of interventions for preventing child maltreatment is promising, although it is weakened by methodological problems and paucity of outcome evaluations from low- and middle-income countries.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Databases, Bibliographic, Humans, Review Literature as Topic}, issn = {1564-0604}, author = {Mikton, Christopher and Butchart, Alexander} } @article {438, title = {Social disadvantage, genetic sensitivity, and children{\textquoteright}s telomere length.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {111}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr 22}, pages = {5944-9}, abstract = {

Disadvantaged social environments are associated with adverse health outcomes. This has been attributed, in part, to chronic stress. Telomere length (TL) has been used as a biomarker of chronic stress: TL is shorter in adults in a variety of contexts, including disadvantaged social standing and depression. We use data from 40, 9-y-old boys participating in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to extend this observation to African American children. We report that exposure to disadvantaged environments is associated with reduced TL by age 9 y. We document significant associations between low income, low maternal education, unstable family structure, and harsh parenting and TL. These effects were moderated by genetic variants in serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Consistent with the differential susceptibility hypothesis, subjects with the highest genetic sensitivity scores had the shortest TL when exposed to disadvantaged social environments and the longest TL when exposed to advantaged environments.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Dopamine, Gene-Environment Interaction, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Serotonin, Signal Transduction, Social Environment, Telomere Homeostasis, Vulnerable Populations}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1404293111}, author = {Mitchell, Colter and Hobcraft, John and McLanahan, Sara S and Siegel, Susan Rutherford and Berg, Arthur and Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne and Garfinkel, Irwin and Notterman, Daniel} } @article {5151, title = {Anthropology and the health of populations--global trends and local contexts}, journal = {Br J Gen Pract}, volume = {52}, number = {481}, year = {2002}, note = {Montag, Doreen
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Russell, Andrew
eng
Congresses
England
2002/08/13 10:00
Br J Gen Pract. 2002 Aug;52(481):691.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {691}, keywords = {*Anthropology, *Public Health, Humans}, isbn = {0960-1643 (Print)
0960-1643 (Linking)}, author = {Montag, D. and Panter-Brick, C. and Russell, A.} } @article {617, title = {What works in parenting support? A Review of the International Evidence}, year = {2004}, url = {http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/5024/1/RR574.pdf}, author = {P. Moran and D. Ghate and A. van der Merwe} } @article {682, title = {Violent conflict and population health in the Middle East Introduction}, journal = {Global Public HealthGlob Public Health}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, year = {2011}, note = {Sp. Iss. SI
780ml
Times Cited:1
Cited References Count:29}, pages = {467-471}, keywords = {Afghanistan, armed conflict, mental-health, Refugees, resilience, Torture, War}, isbn = {1744-1692}, doi = {10.1080/17441692.2011.578581}, author = {Moran, M. and Khawaja, M. and Khoshnood, K. and Ramahi, T. and Inhorn, M. C.} } @article {6089, title = {Early Childhood Matters 2019}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {child health, child nutrition, child protection, early childhood development (ECD), early learning}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/issues/early-childhood-matters-2019/}, author = {Moreno, T. and Lombardi, J.} } @article {440, title = {Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals.}, journal = {Hum Mol Genet}, volume = {14 Spec No 1}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Apr 15}, pages = {R47-58}, abstract = {

Epigenetic marking systems confer stability of gene expression during mammalian development. Genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming occurs at stages when developmental potency of cells changes. At fertilization, the paternal genome exchanges protamines for histones, undergoes DNA demethylation, and acquires histone modifications, whereas the maternal genome appears epigenetically more static. During preimplantation development, there is passive DNA demethylation and further reorganization of histone modifications. In blastocysts, embryonic and extraembryonic lineages first show different epigenetic marks. This epigenetic reprogramming is likely to be needed for totipotency, correct initiation of embryonic gene expression, and early lineage development in the embryo. Comparative work demonstrates reprogramming in all mammalian species analysed, but the extent and timing varies, consistent with notable differences between species during preimplantation development. Parental imprinting marks originate in sperm and oocytes and are generally protected from this genome-wide reprogramming. Early primordial germ cells possess imprinting marks similar to those of somatic cells. However, rapid DNA demethylation after midgestation erases these parental imprints, in preparation for sex-specific de novo methylation during gametogenesis. Aberrant reprogramming of somatic epigenetic marks after somatic cell nuclear transfer leads to epigenetic defects in cloned embryos and stem cells. Links between epigenetic marking systems appear to be developmentally regulated contributing to plasticity. A number of activities that confer epigenetic marks are firmly established, while for those that remove marks, particularly methylation, some interesting candidates have emerged recently which need thorough testing in vivo. A mechanistic understanding of reprogramming will be crucial for medical applications of stem cell technology.

}, keywords = {Animals, Cell Lineage, DNA Methylation, Embryonic Development, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Germ Cells, Histones, Male, Mice, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Stem Cells}, issn = {0964-6906}, doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddi114}, author = {Morgan, Hugh D and Santos, F{\'a}tima and Green, Kelly and Dean, Wendy and Reik, Wolf} } @article {439, title = {The case for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans.}, journal = {Mamm Genome}, volume = {19}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Jun}, pages = {394-7}, abstract = {

Work in the laboratory mouse has identified a group of genes, called metastable epialleles, that are informing us about the mechanisms by which the epigenetic state is established in the embryo. At these alleles, transcriptional activity is dependent on the epigenetic state and this can vary from cell to cell in the one tissue type. The decision to be active or inactive is probabilistic and sensitive to environmental influences. Moreover, in some cases the epigenetic state at these alleles can survive across generations, termed transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Together these findings raise the spectre of Lamarckism and epigenetics is now being touted as an explanation for some intergenerational effects in human populations. In this review we will discuss the evidence so far.

}, keywords = {Alleles, Animals, Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic, Family Characteristics, Humans, Inheritance Patterns}, issn = {0938-8990}, doi = {10.1007/s00335-008-9124-y}, author = {Morgan, Daniel K and Whitelaw, Emma} } @inbook {5556, title = {Human biological development and peace: Genes, brains, safety, and justice}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {95-128}, publisher = {MIT Press}, organization = {MIT Press}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {This chapter examines the concept of peace from a biopsychosocial perspective. It reviews available knowledge concerning gene-environment regulatory interactions and their consequences for neurodevelopment, particularly during sensitive periods early in life. The hypothesis is explored that efforts on the part of parents to protect, nurture, and stimulate their children can lead to physically, psychologically, and socially healthier developmental trajectories and support the emergence of more peaceful families and communities. It is clear, however, that adverse environments, as in the context of structural violence, may result in lower parental investment in child rearing and negative outcomes for social harmony and health over the course of life. More research is thus needed to understand more fully the potential positive impact that interventions aimed at encouraging families to increase their investment in early child development will have on societal peace. The role of groups in shaping human behavior toward conflict or conflict resolution and peace is examined. Further research is needed to increase current understanding on the neurobiology of groups. In addition, steps need to be taken across multiple sectors of society to reduce all forms of direct and structural violence, as this will surely lead to {\textquotedblleft}better{\textquotedblright} parenting behaviors, {\textquotedblleft}better{\textquotedblright} childhood trajectories, and a model of fairness to guide interactions between groups.}, keywords = {biopsychosocial perspectives, Child Rearing, gene-environment interactions, neurodevelopment, parental investment, peace}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0007}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {B. Morgan and D. Sunar and S. Carter and J. Leckman and D.P. Fry and E.B. Keverne and I. Kolassa and R. Kumsta and D. Olds}, editor = {J. Leckman and C. Panter-Brick and R. Salah} } @article {4601, title = {Early interventions to prevent mental disorders--learning lessons from the field of psychosis}, journal = {Rev Bras Psiquiatr}, volume = {33 Suppl 2}, year = {2011}, note = {Moriyama, Tais S
Miguel, Euripedes C
Leckman, James
eng
por
Editorial
Introductory
Brazil
2012/02/09 06:00
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2011 Oct;33 Suppl 2:s125-8.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {s125-8}, keywords = {*Early Medical Intervention, Bipolar Disorder/prevention \& control, Humans, Mental Disorders/*prevention \& control, Psychotic Disorders/prevention \& control, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1809-452X (Electronic)
1516-4446 (Linking)}, author = {Moriyama, T. S. and Miguel, E. C. and Leckman, J.} } @article {387, title = {Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: a randomized control trial.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {23}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Feb}, pages = {195-210}, abstract = {

The efficacy of a short-term attachment-based intervention for changing risk outcomes for children of maltreating families was examined using a randomized control trial. Sixty-seven primary caregivers reported for maltreatment and their children (1-5 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received 8 weekly home visits directed at the caregiver-child dyad and focused on improving caregiver sensitivity. Intervention sessions included brief discussions of attachment-emotion regulation-related themes and video feedback of parent-child interaction. Comparison of pre- and posttest scores revealed significant improvements for the intervention group in parental sensitivity and child attachment security, and a reduction in child disorganization. Older children in the intervention group also showed lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems following intervention. This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of short-term attachment-based intervention in enhancing parental sensitivity, improving child security, and reducing disorganization for children in the early childhood period.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child Behavior, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Feedback, Psychological, Female, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Parenting, Socioeconomic Factors, Video Recording}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579410000738}, author = {Moss, Ellen and Dubois-Comtois, Karine and Cyr, Chantal and Tarabulsy, George M and St-Laurent, Diane and Bernier, Annie} } @article {594, title = {Building a generation of reconciliation: The role of early childhood development in peace building}, year = {2009}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, author = {MotherChildEducationFoundation and A{\c C}EV} } @article {6315, title = {Supporting the youngest refugees and their families}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Moving Minds Alliance}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), early years, forced displacement, nurturing care, refugee and migrant children, refugee families}, url = {http://movingmindsalliance.org/files/moving-minds-brief-supporting-the-youngest-refugees-GRF2019-web.pdf}, author = {MovingMindsAlliance} } @article {6592, title = {COVID-19 in Pre-Existing Humanitarian Crises}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Moving Minds Alliance}, keywords = {COVID-19, humanitarian crisis}, url = {https://movingmindsalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/covid19-in-pre-existing-humanitarian-crises-mma-ecd-statement-june2020.pdf}, author = {MovingMindsAlliance} } @article {6155, title = {ECD and early learning for children in crisis and conflict}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Moving Minds Alliance}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), early learning, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://movingmindsalliance.org/files/ecd-and-early-learning-for-children-in-crisis-and-conflict.pdf}, author = {MovingMindsAlliance} } @article {3116, title = {The Effects of Child Abuse and Exposure to Domestic Violence on Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems}, journal = {Journal of family violence}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {20495613[pmid]
J Fam Violence}, pages = {53-63}, abstract = {This study examines the effects of child abuse and domestic violence exposure in childhood on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Data for this analysis are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study, a prospective study of 457 youth addressing outcomes of family violence and resilience in individuals and families. Results show that child abuse, domestic violence, and both in combination (i.e., dual exposure) increase a child{\textquoteright}s risk for internalizing and externalizing outcomes in adolescence. When accounting for risk factors associated with additional stressors in the family and surrounding environment, only those children with dual exposure had an elevated risk of the tested outcomes compared to non-exposed youth. However, while there were some observable differences in the prediction of outcomes for children with dual exposure compared to those with single exposure (i.e., abuse only or exposure to domestic violence only), these difference were not statistically significant. Analyses showed that the effects of exposure for boys and girls are statistically comparable.}, isbn = {0885-7482}, author = {Moylan, Carrie A. and Herrenkohl, Todd I. and Sousa, Cindy and Tajima, Emiko A. and Herrenkohl, Roy C. and Russo, M. Jean} } @article {4836, title = {After abduction: exploring access to reintegration programs and mental health status among young female abductees in Northern Uganda}, journal = {Confl Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {Muldoon, Katherine A
Muzaaya, Godfrey
Betancourt, Theresa S
Ajok, Mirriam
Akello, Monica
Petruf, Zaira
Nguyen, Paul
Baines, Erin K
Shannon, Kate
eng
England
2014/05/24 06:00
Confl Health. 2014 May 7;8:5. doi: 10.1186/1752-1505-8-5. eCollection 2014.}, pages = {5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reintegration programs are commonly offered to former combatants and abductees to acquire civilian status and support services to reintegrate into post-conflict society. Among a group of young female abductees in northern Uganda, this study examined access to post-abduction reintegration programming and tested for between group differences in mental health status among young women who had accessed reintegration programming compared to those who self-reintegrated. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analysed interviews from 129 young women who had previously been abducted by the Lords Resistance Army (LRA). Data was collected between June 2011-January 2012. Interviews collected information on abduction-related experiences including age and year of abduction, manner of departure, and reintegration status. Participants were coded as {\textquoteright}reintegrated{\textquoteright} if they reported >/=1 of the following reintegration programs: traditional cleansing ceremony, received an amnesty certificate, reinsertion package, or had gone to a reception centre. A t-test was used to measure mean differences in depression and anxiety measured by the Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI) to determine if abductees who participated in a reintegration program had different mental status from those who self-reintegrated. RESULTS: From 129 young abductees, 56 (43.4\%) had participated in a reintegration program. Participants had been abducted between 1988-2010 for an average length of one year, the median age of abduction was 13 years (IQR:11-14) with escaping (76.6\%), being released (15.6\%), and rescued (7.0\%) being the most common manner of departure from the LRA. Traditional cleansing ceremonies (67.8\%) were the most commonly accessed support followed by receiving amnesty (37.5\%), going to a reception centre (28.6\%) or receiving a reinsertion package (12.5\%). Between group comparisons indicated that the mental health status of abductees who accessed >/=1 reintegration program were not significantly different from those who self-reintegrated (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over 40\% of female abductees in this sample had accessed a reintegration program, however significant differences in mental health were not observed between those who accessed a reintegration program and those who self-reintegrated. The successful reintegration of combatants and abductees into their recipient community is a complex process and these results support the need for gender-specific services and ongoing evaluation of reintegration programming.}, keywords = {Abduction, Mental Health, Northern Uganda, Reintegration, Women}, isbn = {1752-1505 (Print)
1752-1505 (Linking)}, author = {Muldoon, K. A. and Muzaaya, G. and Betancourt, T. S. and Ajok, M. and Akello, M. and Petruf, Z. and Nguyen, P. and Baines, E. K. and Shannon, K.} } @article {7697, title = {Epigenetic signatures of intergenerational exposure to violence in three generations of Syrian refugees}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {15}, year = {2025}, month = {Jan-12-2025}, keywords = {Human genome, Migrants, Refugees, Syria}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-89818-z}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-89818-z}, author = {Mulligan, Connie J. and Quinn, Edward B. and Hamadmad, Dima and Dutton, Christopher L. and Nevell, Lisa and Binder, Alexandra M. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Dajani, Rana} } @article {883, title = {Parenting in times of war: supporting caregivers and children in crisis}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, volume = {124}, year = {2015}, pages = {54-58}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation }, address = {The Hague}, abstract = {

Humanitarian interventions to support and guide parents and caregivers in times of war can mitigate the negative effects of violence and chaos on children and promote their resilience and development. This article highlights recent findings from the International Rescue Committee\’s parenting programmes in Syria, underscoring the importance of such programmes not only in strengthening caregiving practices but also in addressing the psychological needs of parents

}, keywords = {Child Development, parental behaviors, resilience, violence exposure}, url = {http://issuu.com/bernardvanleerfoundation/docs/a_good_start_advances_in_early_chil}, author = {Murphy, K. and Maignant, S. and Boone, L. and Smith, S.} } @article {5591, title = {Men and maternal health: The dilemma of short-lived male involvement strategies in Uganda}, journal = {Health Care for Women International}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-04-2020}, pages = {1 - 13}, issn = {0739-9332}, doi = {10.1080/07399332.2018.1466887}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07399332.2018.1466887https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07399332.2018.1466887}, author = {Mwije, S.} } @article {6209, title = {Advancing equity in early childhood education. NAEYC position statement}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC}, address = {Washington, DC}, keywords = {Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/naeycadvancingequitypositionstatement.pdf}, author = {NAEYC} } @article {6059, title = {Effect of participatory women{\textquoteright}s groups and counselling through home visits on children{\textquoteright}s linear growth in rural eastern India (CARING trial): a cluster-randomised controlled trial}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-10-2017}, pages = {e1004 - e1016}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30339-X}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X1730339Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2214109X1730339X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2214109X1730339X?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Nair, Nirmala and Tripathy, Prasanta and Sachdev, H S and Pradhan, Hemanta and Bhattacharyya, Sanghita and Gope, Rajkumar and Gagrai, Sumitra and Rath, Shibanand and Rath, Suchitra and Sinha, Rajesh and Roy, Swati Sarbani and Shewale, Suhas and Singh, Vijay and Srivastava, Aradhana and Costello, Anthony and Copas, Andrew and Skordis-Worrall, Jolene and Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan and Saville, Naomi and Prost, Audrey} } @article {4871, title = {Implementation and scale-up of psycho-trauma centers in a post-conflict area: a case study of a private-public partnership in northern Uganda}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {Nakimuli-Mpungu, Etheldreda
Alderman, Stephen
Kinyanda, Eugene
Allden, Kathleen
Betancourt, Theresa S
Alderman, Jeffrey S
Pavia, Alison
Okello, James
Nakku, Juliet
Adaku, Alex
Musisi, Seggane
eng
MC_U950088495/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/04/24 06:00
PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001427. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001427. Epub 2013 Apr 16.}, pages = {e1001427}, abstract = {As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda.}, keywords = {*Public-Private Sector Partnerships, *Warfare, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Depression/*therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*therapy, Trauma Centers/organization \& administration, Uganda, Young Adult}, isbn = {1549-1676 (Electronic)
1549-1277 (Linking)}, author = {Nakimuli-Mpungu, E. and Alderman, S. and Kinyanda, E. and Allden, K. and Betancourt, T. S. and Alderman, J. S. and Pavia, A. and Okello, J. and Nakku, J. and Adaku, A. and Musisi, S.} } @article {7249, title = {Social Science{\textendash}Based Pathways to Reduce Social Inequality in Youth Outcomes and Opportunities at Scale}, journal = {Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-01-2021}, pages = {237802312110202}, keywords = {inequality, opportunity, reduction, scale, youth}, issn = {2378-0231}, doi = {10.1177/23780231211020236}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23780231211020236}, author = {Nalani, Andrew and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Carter, Prudence L.} } @article {3181, title = {Investing in Young Children Globally for Peaceful Societies: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop}, year = {2016}, month = {October 19, 2016}, institution = {Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally (iYCG), UNICEF, King Abdulla Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27831679}, author = {NationalAcademiesofSciencesEngineeringMedicine} } @article {3176, title = {Moving from Evidence to Implementation of Early Childhood Programs: Proceedings of a Workshop{\textemdash}in Brief}, year = {2016}, month = {October 21, 2016}, institution = {Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally}, type = {Proceeding}, author = {NationalAcademiesofSciencesEngineeringMedicine} } @book {514, title = {Eager to Learn: Educating Our Preschoolers}, year = {2000}, note = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers}, pages = {468}, publisher = {The National Academies Press}, organization = {The National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

Clearly babies come into the world remarkably receptive to its wonders. Their alertness to sights, sounds, and even abstract concepts makes them inquisitive explorers--and learners--every waking minute. Well before formal schooling begins, children\&$\#$39;s early experiences lay the foundations for their later social behavior, emotional regulation, and literacy. Yet, for a variety of reasons, far too little attention is given to the quality of these crucial years. Outmoded theories, outdated facts, and undersized budgets all play a part in the uneven quality of early childhood programs throughout our country. What will it take to provide better early education and care for our children between the ages of two and five? Eager to Learn explores this crucial question, synthesizing the newest research findings on how young children learn and the impact of early learning. Key discoveries in how young children learn are reviewed in language accessible to parents as well as educators: findings about the interplay of biology and environment, variations in learning among individuals and children from different social and economic groups, and the importance of health, safety, nutrition and interpersonal warmth to early learning. Perhaps most significant, the book documents how very early in life learning really begins. Valuable conclusions and recommendations are presented in the areas of the teacher-child relationship, the organization and content of curriculum, meeting the needs of those children most at risk of school failure, teacher preparation, assessment of teaching and learning, and more. The book discusses: Evidence for competing theories, models, and approaches in the field and a hard look at some day-to-day practices and activities generally used in preschool. The role of the teacher, the importance of peer interactions, and other relationships in the child\&$\#$39;s life. Learning needs of minority children, children with disabilities, and other special groups. Approaches to assessing young children\&$\#$39;s learning for the purposes of policy decisions, diagnosis of educational difficulties, and instructional planning. Preparation and continuing development of teachers. Eager to Learn presents a comprehensive, coherent picture of early childhood learning, along with a clear path toward improving this important stage of life for all children.

}, keywords = {Education}, isbn = {978-0-309-06836-9}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9745/eager-to-learn-educating-our-preschoolers}, author = {NationalResearchCouncil}, editor = {Bowman, B. T. and Donovan, M. S. and Burns, M. S.} } @article {441, title = {Differential patterns of whole-genome DNA methylation in institutionalized children and children raised by their biological parents.}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {24}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Feb}, pages = {143-55}, abstract = {

Previous studies with nonhuman species have shown that animals exposed to early adversity show differential DNA methylation relative to comparison animals. The current study examined differential methylation among 14 children raised since birth in institutional care and 14 comparison children raised by their biological parents. Blood samples were taken from children in middle childhood. Analysis of whole-genome methylation patterns was performed using the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip assay (Illumina), which contains 27,578 CpG sites, covering approximately 14,000 gene promoters. Group differences were registered, which were characterized primarily by greater methylation in the institutionalized group relative to the comparison group, with most of these differences in genes involved in the control of immune response and cellular signaling systems, including a number of crucial players important for neural communication and brain development and functioning. The findings suggest that patterns of differential methylation seen in nonhuman species with altered maternal care are also characteristic of children who experience early maternal separation.

}, keywords = {Child, Child, Institutionalized, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Female, Genome, Human, Humans, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Promoter Regions, Genetic}, issn = {1469-2198}, doi = {10.1017/S0954579411000605}, author = {Naumova, Oksana Yu and Lee, Maria and Koposov, Roman and Szyf, Moshe and Dozier, Mary and Grigorenko, Elena L} } @article {6249, title = {The 12 core concepts: Concepts for understanding for understanding traumatic stress responses in children and families}, year = {2012}, keywords = {children, Family, traumatic stress}, url = {https://www.nctsn.org/resources/12-core-concepts-concepts-understanding-traumatic-stress-responses-children-and-families}, author = {NCTSN} } @article {3281, title = {A Study of Education and Resilience in Kenya{\textquoteright}s Arid and Semi-Arid Lands}, year = {2015}, month = {November 2015}, institution = {UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/a-study-of-education-and-resilience-in-kenyas-arid-and-semi-arid-lands}, author = {D. Ndung{\textquoteright}u and P. Scott-Villiers and A. Scott-Villiers and N. Kabala and M. Kullu} } @article {683, title = {Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth}, journal = {The American Economic Review}, volume = {56}, number = {1/2}, year = {1966}, pages = {69-75}, publisher = {American Economic Association}, isbn = {00028282}, doi = {10.2307/1821269}, author = {Nelson, Richard R. and Phelps, Edmund S.} } @article {4816, title = {Youth mental health after civil war: the importance of daily stressors}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {206}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Newnham, Elizabeth A
Pearson, Rebecca M
Stein, Alan
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
097822/Z/11/ZR/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/12/17 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;206(2):116-21. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146324. Epub 2014 Dec 11.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {116-21}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that post-conflict stressors in addition to war trauma play an important role in the development of psychopathology. AIMS: To investigate whether daily stressors mediate the association between war exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress and depression among war-affected youth. METHOD: Standardised assessments were conducted with 363 Sierra Leonean youth (26.7\% female, mean age 20.9, s.d. = 3.38) 6 years post-war. RESULTS: The extent of war exposures was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (P<0.05) and a significant proportion was explained by indirect pathways through daily stressors (0.089, 95\% CI 0.04-0.138, P<0.001). In contrast, there was little evidence for an association from war exposure to depression scores (P = 0.127); rather any association was explained via indirect pathways through daily stressors (0.103, 95\% CI 0.048-0.158, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among war-affected youth, the association between war exposure and psychological distress was largely mediated by daily stressors, which have potential for modification with evidence-based intervention.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adolescent, Depression/complications/*psychology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Statistical, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications/*psychology, Stress, Psychological/complications/*psychology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Newnham, E. A. and Pearson, R. M. and Stein, A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4791, title = {The Youth Readiness Intervention for war-affected youth}, journal = {J Adolesc Health}, volume = {56}, number = {6}, year = {2015}, note = {Newnham, Elizabeth A
McBain, Ryan K
Hann, Katrina
Akinsulure-Smith, Adeyinka M
Weisz, John
Lilienthal, Grace M
Hansen, Nathan
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/05/25 06:00
J Adolesc Health. 2015 Jun;56(6):606-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.020.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {606-11}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Mental disorders are among the largest contributors to the global burden of disease. Since the cessation of the Sierra Leonean civil war in 2002, there have been few mental health resources available for war-affected youth. Co-occurring psychological problems are commonly reported by youth in the post-conflict setting, suggesting a need for evidence-based interventions that cater to comorbid psychological difficulties. This feasibility study outlines the implementation and evaluation of a mixed-methods approach for developing and piloting a culturally grounded group mental health treatment-the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI)-for war-affected Sierra Leonean youth. METHODS: Participating youth (N = 32; 50\% female; ages, 15-24 years) were allocated to one of four gender- and age-stratified groups, facilitated by gender-matched Sierra Leonean interventionists. The intervention comprised adapted cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to address issues pertinent to war-affected youth. Analyses comprised assessments of reliable symptom change, mental health, functional adaptation, and interventionist fidelity outcomes. RESULTS: The YRI was found to be acceptable, feasible and associated with reliable changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms and improvements in functional impairments and emotion regulation (mean effect size, d = .64). CONCLUSIONS: Youth struggling with the mental health consequences of past trauma due to war merit special attention. The YRI presents a feasible and acceptable intervention for use in this low resource setting. A randomized controlled trial is planned to further test intervention effectiveness and scalability.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety/etiology/therapy, Cognitive Therapy/*methods, Depression/etiology/therapy, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pilot Projects, Post-conflict, Psychotherapy intervention, Sierra Leone, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology/psychology/*therapy, War Exposure/*adverse effects, War-affected, Young Adult, youth}, isbn = {1879-1972 (Electronic)
1054-139X (Linking)}, author = {Newnham, E. A. and McBain, R. K. and Hann, K. and Akinsulure-Smith, A. M. and Weisz, J. and Lilienthal, G. M. and Hansen, N. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {4786, title = {Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children}, journal = {Br J Psychiatry}, volume = {207}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Ng, Lauren C
Kirk, Catherine M
Kanyanganzi, Frederick
Fawzi, Mary C Smith
Sezibera, Vincent
Shema, Evelyne
Bizimana, Justin I
Cyamatare, Felix R
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/
R34 MH084679/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
1K01MH07724601/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/06/06 06:00
Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;207(3):262-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154591. Epub 2015 Jun 4.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {262-8}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people. Children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV rates are disproportionately high, may be at increased risk. AIMS: To identify predictors, including HIV status, of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children aged 10-17. METHOD: Matched case-control study of 683 HIV-positive, HIV-affected (seronegative children with an HIV-positive caregiver), and unaffected children and their caregivers. RESULTS: Over 20\% of HIV-positive and affected children engaged in suicidal behaviour in the previous 6 months, compared with 13\% of unaffected children. Children were at increased risk if they met criteria for depression, were at high-risk for conduct disorder, reported poor parenting or had caregivers with mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Policies and programmes that address mental health concerns and support positive parenting may prevent suicidal ideation and behaviour in children at increased risk related to HIV.}, keywords = {*Suicidal Ideation, Adolescent, Caregivers/psychology, Case-Control Studies, Child, Conduct Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Depressive Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Female, HIV Infections/epidemiology/*psychology, HIV Seronegativity, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parenting/psychology, protective factors, Risk Factors, Rwanda/epidemiology, Social Support, Stereotyping}, isbn = {1472-1465 (Electronic)
0007-1250 (Linking)}, author = {Ng, L. C. and Kirk, C. M. and Kanyanganzi, F. and Fawzi, M. C. and Sezibera, V. and Shema, E. and Bizimana, J. I. and Cyamatare, F. R. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {5950, title = {I am a child! Four steps for protecting children{\textquoteright}s rights in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and in the Global Compact on Refugees}, year = {2018}, institution = {NGO Committee on Migration}, keywords = {birth registration, child rights, global compact, Migrant children, refugee children}, url = {https://ngomigration.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/i-am-a-child-booklet_final-gcm-gcr_18-sep-2018.pdf}, author = {NGOCommitteeMigration} } @article {727, title = {Caregiving Strategies for Reducing Aggression and Violence in At-risk Mothers and their Babies}, journal = {Child and Youth Care Forum}, volume = {35}, year = {2006}, month = {Mar-11-2007}, pages = {411 - 426}, issn = {1053-1890}, doi = {10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10566-006-9025-8}, author = {Nicholson, Diana and Artz, Sibylle} } @article {726, title = {One Family at a Time: A Prevention Program for At-Risk Parents}, journal = {Journal of Counseling \& Development}, volume = {80}, year = {2002}, month = {Jan-07-2002}, pages = {362 - 371}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcad.2002.80.issue-3http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00201.x}, author = {Nicholson, Bonnie and Anderson, Michelle and Fox, Robert and Brenner, Viktor} } @article {6272, title = {Risk of childhood psychiatric disorders in children of refugee parents with post-traumatic stress disorder: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study}, journal = {The Lancet Public Health}, volume = {4}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-07-2019}, pages = {e353 - e359}, keywords = {children of refugees, parental post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, Refugees}, issn = {24682667}, doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30077-5}, url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(19)30077-5/fulltext}, author = {Back Nielsen, Maj and Carlsson, Jessica and K{\o}ster Rimvall, Martin and Petersen, J{\o}rgen Holm and Norredam, Marie} } @article {5913, title = {The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, year = {2012}, note = {1549-1676
Norman, Rosana E
Byambaa, Munkhtsetseg
De, Rumna
Butchart, Alexander
Scott, James
Vos, Theo
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
Systematic Review
United States
PLoS Med. 2012;9(11):e1001349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349. Epub 2012 Nov 27.}, pages = {e1001349}, edition = {2012/12/05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse is considered a modifiable risk factor for mental disorders across the life course. However the long-term consequences of other forms of child maltreatment have not yet been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence relating to the possible relationship between child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, and subsequent mental and physical health outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO electronic databases up to 26 June 2012. Published cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that examined non-sexual child maltreatment as a risk factor for loss of health were included. All meta-analyses were based on quality-effects models. Out of 285 articles assessed for eligibility, 124 studies satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Statistically significant associations were observed between physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect and depressive disorders (physical abuse [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95\% CI 1.16-2.04], emotional abuse [OR = 3.06; 95\% CI 2.43-3.85], and neglect [OR = 2.11; 95\% CI 1.61-2.77]); drug use (physical abuse [OR = 1.92; 95\% CI 1.67-2.20], emotional abuse [OR = 1.41; 95\% CI 1.11-1.79], and neglect [OR = 1.36; 95\% CI 1.21-1.54]); suicide attempts (physical abuse [OR = 3.40; 95\% CI 2.17-5.32], emotional abuse [OR = 3.37; 95\% CI 2.44-4.67], and neglect [OR = 1.95; 95\% CI 1.13-3.37]); and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviour (physical abuse [OR = 1.78; 95\% CI 1.50-2.10], emotional abuse [OR = 1.75; 95\% CI 1.49-2.04], and neglect [OR = 1.57; 95\% CI 1.39-1.78]). Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria. While suggestive evidence exists for a relationship between maltreatment and chronic diseases and lifestyle risk factors, more research is required to confirm these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This overview of the evidence suggests a causal relationship between non-sexual child maltreatment and a range of mental disorders, drug use, suicide attempts, sexually transmitted infections, and risky sexual behaviour. All forms of child maltreatment should be considered important risks to health with a sizeable impact on major contributors to the burden of disease in all parts of the world. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of child maltreatment should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect children from violence.}, keywords = {*Cost of Illness, *Life Style, *Mental Health, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse/*psychology, Chronic Disease/*epidemiology/*psychology, Humans, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors}, isbn = {1549-1277}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349}, author = {Norman, R. E. and Byambaa, M. and De, R. and Butchart, A. and Scott, J. and Vos, T.} } @article {5914, title = {The 4Rs Framework: Analyzing education{\textquoteright}s contributions to sustainable peacebuilding with social justice in conflict-affected contexts}, journal = {J Educ Emergencies}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, pages = {14-43}, abstract = {This paper lays out a theoretical and analytical framework for researching and reflecting on the peacebuilding role of education in conflict-affected contexts. The 4Rs framework recognizes that working toward {\textquotedblleft}positive peace{\textquotedblright} (Galtung 1976, 1990) requires working toward peace with social justice and reconciliation, challenging dominant {\textquotedblleft}security-first{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}liberal peace{\textquotedblright} models, and gaining a better understanding of how education might support these processes in building sustainable and peaceful postconflict societies. The 4Rs framework combines dimensions of recognition, redistribution, representation, and reconciliation to explore what sustainable peacebuilding might look like through a social justice lens. The paper addresses the cultural translation of these concepts, highlighting the need for locally embedded interpretations. Rather than a fixed theoretical model, the 4Rs approach is designed as a heuristic device that promotes a dialogue among key stakeholders on the dilemmas and challenges in the field of education in emergencies. We highlight the application of a 4Rs framework through a recent case study of Myanmar, which demonstrates both the interrelated connections and the tensions between the different {\textquotedblleft}Rs.{\textquotedblright} Finally, we reflect on the challenges and limitations of the approach, and the tasks ahead.}, keywords = {Education and Conflict, Peacebuilding and Education, Social Justice}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/39660}, author = {Novelli, M. and Lopes Cardozo, M. T. A. and Smith, A.} } @article {6344, title = {The United Nations Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {child rights, detained children, violence against children}, url = {https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/StudyChildrenDeprivedLiberty/Pages/Index.aspx}, author = {Nowak, M.} } @article {7418, title = {Nurturing care for children living in humanitarian settings}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development}, keywords = {early childhood development, Humanitarianism, nurturing care}, url = {https://nurturing-care.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/NC_humanitarian.pdf}, author = {NurturingCare} } @inbook {5670, title = {The power of media in peacebuilding}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {339 - 360}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {18}, abstract = {Given the complexity and intractability of present-day conflicts, this chapter discusses the potential role that positive media can play in peacebuilding. Problems associated with group identity are examined and the potential for media to strengthen issues surrounding the core identity (self-esteem and self-worth) of an individual is analyzed. The view is taken that educational media can enable individuals as well as large groups (nation, tribe) to become less vulnerable to malevolent manipulation. Examples from Palestine and Northern Ireland are presented to demonstrate the effect that age-appropriate educational media has on the building of secure attachment and prosocial behavior in young children. It is suggested that age-appropriate educational media can also promote global citizenship. Consideration is given to how media programs for children can be reinforced by programs for parents/caregivers and communities, and recommendations are offered on how these might be expanded. To achieve maximum effect, these programs are reliant on input from international and academic communities. A model is presented to illustrate how groups can progress from an existence marked by active conflict (where large group identity is under threat) to one of peaceful coexistence (where groups are connected and relate with mutual respect), and the role that media can play in this transition.}, keywords = {attachment, educational media, global citizenship, group identity, peacebuilding}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0018}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Nusseibeh, Lucy}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {5915, title = {Early-Life Adversity and Physical and Emotional Health Across the Lifespan: A Neuroimmune Network Hypothesis}, journal = {Biol Psychiatry}, volume = {80}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {1873-2402
Nusslock, Robin
Miller, Gregory E
P30 DA027827/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
R01 HL122328/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
R01 MH100117/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
United States
Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1;80(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.017. Epub 2015 Jun 4.}, month = {Jul 1}, pages = {23-32}, edition = {2015/07/15}, abstract = {Children who experience chronic stressors are vulnerable to emotional and physical health problems across the lifespan. This phenomenon raises questions for scientists and clinicians alike. How does adversity get under the skin of the developing child? Through what mechanisms does it confer vulnerability to a heterogeneous set of mental and physical illnesses? And how does it instantiate risk across different life stages, engendering vulnerability to conditions that develop shortly after stressor exposure-like depression-and conditions that manifest decades later, like heart disease? Although answers to these questions have started to emerge, research has typically focused on single diseases or organ systems. To understand the plethora of health problems associated with childhood adversity, we argue that the field needs a second generation of research that recognizes multidirectional transactions among biological systems. To help facilitate this process, we propose a neuroimmune network hypothesis as a heuristic framework for organizing knowledge from disparate literatures and as a springboard for generating integrative research. Drawing on existing data, we argue that early-life adversity amplifies crosstalk between peripheral inflammation and neural circuitries subserving threat-related, reward-related, and executive control-related processes. This crosstalk results in chronic low-grade inflammation, thereby contributing to adiposity, insulin resistance, and other predisease states. In the brain, inflammatory mediators act on cortico-amygdala threat and cortico-basal ganglia reward, circuitries in a manner that predisposes individuals to self-medicating behaviors like smoking, drug use, and consumption of high-fat diets. Acting in concert with inflammation, these behaviors accelerate the pathogenesis of emotional and physical health problems.}, keywords = {*Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events, *Child Abuse, *depression, *Heart disease, *Inflammation, *Maltreatment, *Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology, *Poverty, *Reward, *Stress, Adult, Child, Executive Function/*physiology, Fear/*physiology, Humans, Inflammation/*complications/etiology/immunology/metabolism, Stress, Psychological/*complications/immunology/metabolism}, isbn = {0006-3223}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.017}, author = {Nusslock, R. and Miller, G. E.} } @article {4841, title = {A pilot study of a family focused, psychosocial intervention with war-exposed youth at risk of attack and abduction in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {38}, number = {7}, year = {2014}, note = {O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, Paul
Branham, Lindsay
Shannon, Ciaran
Betancourt, Theresa S
Dempster, Martin
McMullen, John
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/03/19 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2014 Jul;38(7):1197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Mar 15.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1197-207}, abstract = {Rural communities in the Haut-Uele Province of northern Democratic Republic of Congo live in constant danger of attack and/or abduction by units of the Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army operating in the region. This pilot study sought to develop and evaluate a community-participative psychosocial intervention involving life skills and relaxation training and Mobile Cinema screenings with this war-affected population living under current threat. 159 war-affected children and young people (aged 7-18) from the villages of Kiliwa and Li-May in north-eastern DR Congo took part in this study. In total, 22\% of participants had been abduction previously while 73\% had a family member abducted. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions, internalising problems, conduct problems and pro-social behaviour were assessed by blinded interviewers at pre- and post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Participants were randomised (with an accompanying caregiver) to 8 sessions of a group-based, community-participative, psychosocial intervention (n=79) carried out by supervised local, lay facilitators or a wait-list control group (n=80). Average seminar attendance rates were high: 88\% for participants and 84\% for caregivers. Drop-out was low: 97\% of participants were assessed at post-intervention and 88\% at 3 month follow-up. At post-test, participants reported significantly fewer symptoms of post-traumatic stress reactions compared to controls (Cohen{\textquoteright}s d=0.40). At 3 month follow up, large improvements in internalising symptoms and moderate improvements in pro-social scores were reported, with caregivers noting a moderate to large decline in conduct problems among the young people. Trial Registration clinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01542398.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, *Warfare, Abduction, Adolescent, Child, Crime/*psychology, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Family Therapy/*methods, Family/*psychology, Female, Humans, Internalising symptoms, Male, Pilot Projects, Post-traumatic stress symptoms, Psychosocial, Rural Health, Treatment Outcome, Violence/psychology, War, youth}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, P. and Branham, L. and Shannon, C. and Betancourt, T. S. and Dempster, M. and McMullen, J.} } @article {444, title = {The effects of global severe privation on cognitive competence: extension and longitudinal follow-up. English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {71}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Mar-Apr}, pages = {376-90}, abstract = {

The current study extends previous research on a sample of children adopted into the United Kingdom following severe early deprivation and a comparison sample of nondeprived, within-country, early adoptees. We assessed 165 children adopted from Romania and 52 U.K. adoptees at age 6 years. Longitudinal data (at age 4 and 6 years) were available on 111 Romanian adoptees placed into U.K. homes before 24 months of age and on all U.K. adoptees. Results indicated that there was considerable catch-up among late-placed Romanian children from entry into the United Kingdom to age 6, but as a group they exhibited lower cognitive scores and general developmental impairment compared with earlier adopted Romanian children. In addition, the resilience suggested at the assessment at age 4 years was maintained longitudinally, but there was no further evidence of catch-up or recovery.

}, keywords = {Anthropometry, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Social Environment}, issn = {0009-3920}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor, T G and Rutter, M and Beckett, C and Keaveney, L and Kreppner, J M} } @article {5917, title = {DNA methylome variation in a perinatal nurse-visitation program that reduces child maltreatment: a 27-year follow-up}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, year = {2018}, note = {2158-3188
O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Kieran J
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-1014
Chen, Li
MacIsaac, Julia L
McEwen, Lisa M
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-9173
Nguyen, Thao
Beckmann, Katherine
Zhu, Yuecai
Chen, Lawrence Ming
Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne
Goldman, David
Grigorenko, Elena L
Leckman, James F
Diorio, Josie
Karnani, Neerja
Olds, David L
Holbrook, Joanna D
Kobor, Michael S
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-1743
Meaney, Michael J
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 10;8(1):15. doi: 10.1038/s41398-017-0063-9.}, month = {Jan 10}, pages = {15}, edition = {2018/01/11}, abstract = {This study reveals the influence of child maltreatment on DNA methylation across the genome and provides the first evidence that a psychosocial intervention program, the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP), which targets mothers at risk for abusive parenting, associates with variation in the DNA methylome in adult offspring. The 188 participants were born to women randomly assigned to control (n = 99) or nurse-visited intervention groups (n = 89) and provided blood samples and a diagnostic interview at age 27 years. Interindividual variation in the blood DNA methylome was described using principal components (PC) scores derived from principal component analysis and showed that the NFP program (PC10: p = 0.029) and a history of abuse/neglect (PC1: p = 0.029, PC2: p = 0.009) significantly associated with DNA methylome variation at 27 years of age independent of gender, ancestry, cellular heterogeneity, and a polygenic risk index for major psychiatric disorders. The magnitude of the association between child maltreatment and DNA methylation was reduced when accounting for lifestyle factors, including smoking. These findings reflect the sustained impact of both childhood adversity as well as intervention programs that target such adversity on the epigenome but highlight the need for prospective longitudinal studies of DNA methylome variation in the context of early intervention programs.}, keywords = {*DNA Methylation, *House Calls, *Maternal-Child Nursing, *Perinatal Care, Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Child Abuse/*prevention \& control/psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Mental Disorders/*genetics, Multifactorial Inheritance, Nurse-Patient Relations, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Young Adult}, isbn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-017-0063-9}, author = {O{\textquoteright}Donnell, K. J. and Chen, L. and MacIsaac, J. L. and McEwen, L. M. and Nguyen, T. and Beckmann, K. and Zhu, Y. and Chen, L. M. and Brooks-Gunn, J. and Goldman, D. and Grigorenko, E. L. and Leckman, J. F. and Diorio, J. and Karnani, N. and Olds, D. L. and Holbrook, J. D. and Kobor, M. S. and Meaney, M. J.} } @article {443, title = {Prenatal exposure to maternal depression, neonatal methylation of human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and infant cortisol stress responses.}, journal = {Epigenetics}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar-Apr}, pages = {97-106}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: In animal models, variations in early maternal care are associated with differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) stress response in the offspring, mediated via changes in the epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene (Nr3c1) expression.

OBJECTIVE: To study this in humans, relationships between prenatal exposure to maternal mood and the methylation status of a CpG-rich region in the promoter and exon 1F of the human GR gene (NR3C1) in newborns and HPA stress reactivity at age three months were examined.

RESULTS: Prenatal exposure to increased third trimester maternal depressed/anxious mood was associated with increased methylation of NR3C1 at a predicted NGFI-A binding site. Increased NR3C1 methylation at this site was also associated with increased salivary cortisol stress responses at 3 months, controlling for prenatal SRI exposure, postnatal age and pre and postnatal maternal mood.

METHODS: The methylation status of a CpG-rich region of the NR3C1 gene, including exon 1F, in genomic DNA from cord blood mononuclear cells was quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in infants of depressed mothers treated with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant (SRI) (n = 33), infants of depressed nontreated mothers (n = 13) and infants of non depressed/non treated mothers (n = 36). To study the functional implications of the newborn methylation status of NR3C1 in newborns, HPA function was assessed at three months using salivary cortisol obtained before and following a non noxious stressor and at a late afternoon basal time.

CONCLUSIONS: Methylation status of the human NR3C1 gene in newborns is sensitive to prenatal maternal mood and may offer a potential epigenetic process that links antenatal maternal mood and altered HPA stress reactivity during infancy.

}, keywords = {Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Base Sequence, CpG Islands, Depression, DNA Methylation, Exons, Female, Fetal Blood, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infant, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Molecular Sequence Data, Mothers, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors}, issn = {1559-2308}, author = {Oberlander, Tim F and Weinberg, Joanne and Papsdorf, Michael and Grunau, Ruth and Misri, Shaila and Devlin, Angela M} } @article {5916, title = {Impact of childhood abuse on suicide-related behavior: Analysis using marginal structural models}, journal = {J Affect Disord}, volume = {234}, year = {2018}, note = {1573-2517
Obikane, Erika
Shinozaki, Tomohiro
Takagi, Daisuke
Kawakami, Norito
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
J Affect Disord. 2018 Jul;234:224-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.034. Epub 2018 Feb 22.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {224-230}, edition = {2018/03/17}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse is associated with adult suicidal behaviors, partially mediated by mental disorders. However, the direct effect of childhood abuse not mediated by mental disorders is uncertain because the same risk factors serve as mediators and confounders of mental disorders and suicidal behaviors. The aim of the study was to estimate the direct effect of childhood abuse not mediated by mental disorders on suicidal behaviors using marginal structural models. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data of Japanese adults in Tokyo and neighboring prefectures (The Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood). We developed a causal diagram of childhood abuse and suicidal behaviors, and defined exposures (childhood abuse), confounders (age, childhood social characteristics), mediators (mental disorders), risk factors (coping, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, physical health), and outcome (suicidal behaviors). We estimated the direct effect of childhood abuse according to sex using inverse-probability weighting at 2 points and compared to total and direct effects estimated by conventional regression models. RESULTS: Of 1776 male and 2016 female participants, childhood abuse showed significant total effects on suicidal behaviors. Physical abuse was associated with suicidal ideation (risk ratio: males 2.11 [95\% confidence interval: 1.59-2.82], females 2.15 [1.69-2.72]), suicidal plan (risk ratio: males 2.18 [1.21-3.92], females 2.14 [1.24-3.74]), and suicidal attempt (risk ratio: males 2.11 [1.14-5.10], females 4.79 [2.93-7.83]) through direct effect. LIMITATIONS: Childhood abuse was measured according to self-report of the past experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that childhood abuse is associated with adult suicidal behaviors through direct effects not mediated by mental disorders.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse, *Mental health, marginal structural model, *Suicidal behaviors, *Suicidal Ideation, *Suicide, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Age of Onset, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Tokyo}, isbn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.034}, author = {Obikane, E. and Shinozaki, T. and Takagi, D. and Kawakami, N.} } @article {196, title = {Programs for parents of infants and toddlers: recent evidence from randomized trials.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 Mar-Apr}, pages = {355-91}, abstract = {

Programs for parents of young children hold considerable promise for improving children\&$\#$39;s life-course trajectories and for reducing health and development problems and associated costs to government and society. To date, this promise has not been achieved. Fulfilling the potential of parenting interventions will require substantial improvements in current practice for developing and testing such programs. Intervention development will be improved if clinicians and investigators ground parenting interventions in theory and epidemiology; and carefully pilot them to ascertain program feasibility, participant engagement, and behavioral change prior to testing them in randomized trials. Studies of parenting interventions will be improved if they adhere to the highest standards for randomization; if they examine objectively measured outcomes with clear public health relevance; and if they minimize selection factors known to compromise the analysis of data. Policy and practice recommendations for parenting interventions will be improved if they are based upon replicated randomized controlled trials, if the interventions are tested with different populations living in different contexts, and if they are examined in dissemination studies before public investments are made in such programs. Procedures need to be developed to ensure that the essential elements of evidence-based parenting programs can be implemented reliably in a variety of practice settings so that they will produce their intended effects. To date, few programs have met these high programmatic and evidentiary standards, with the result that many large-scale policy initiatives for at-risk parents have failed. Evidence is accumulating, however, that some programs delivered by professionals, especially nurse home visiting programs for pregnant women and parents of young children, produce replicable effects on children\&$\#$39;s health and development, and that these programs can be reliably reproduced with different populations living in a variety of community settings.

}, keywords = {Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Developmental Disabilities, Early Intervention (Education), Education, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Information Dissemination, Parent-Child Relations, Poverty, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Psychosocial Deprivation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Risk Factors, Self-Help Groups, Social Welfare, United States}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01702.x}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Sadler, L. and Kitzman, H.} } @article {5918, title = {Long-term effects of nurse home visitation on children{\textquoteright}s criminal and antisocial behavior: 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Jama}, volume = {280}, number = {14}, year = {1998}, note = {Olds, D
Henderson, C R Jr
Cole, R
Eckenrode, J
Kitzman, H
Luckey, D
Pettitt, L
Sidora, K
Morris, P
Powers, J
1-K05-MH01382-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
96ASPE278A/PHS HHS/United States
R01-MH49381/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
United States
JAMA. 1998 Oct 14;280(14):1238-44.}, month = {Oct 14}, pages = {1238-44}, edition = {1998/10/24}, abstract = {CONTEXT: A program of home visitation by nurses has been shown to affect the rates of maternal welfare dependence, criminality, problems due to use of substances, and child abuse and neglect. However, the long-term effects of this program on children{\textquoteright}s antisocial behavior have not been examined. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effects of a program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses on children{\textquoteright}s antisocial behavior. DESIGN: Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Interviews were conducted with the adolescents and their biological mothers or custodial parents. SETTING: Semirural community in New York. PARTICIPANTS: Between April 1978 and September 1980, 500 consecutive pregnant women with no previous live births were recruited, and 400 were enrolled. A total of 315 adolescent offspring participated in a follow-up study when they were 15 years old; 280 (89\%) were born to white mothers, 195 (62\%) to unmarried mothers, 151 (48\%) to mothers younger than 19 years, and 186 (59\%) to mothers from households of low socioeconomic status at the time of registration during pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Families in the groups that received home visits had an average of 9 (range, 0-16) home visits during pregnancy and 23 (range, 0-59) home visits from birth through the child{\textquoteright}s second birthday. The control groups received standard prenatal and well-child care in a clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Children{\textquoteright}s self-reports of running away, arrests, convictions, being sentenced to youth corrections, initiation of sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, and use of illegal substances; school records of suspensions; teachers{\textquoteright} reports of children{\textquoteright}s disruptive behavior in school; and parents{\textquoteright} reports of the children{\textquoteright}s arrests and behavioral problems related to the children{\textquoteright}s use of alcohol and other drugs. RESULTS: Adolescents born to women who received nurse visits during pregnancy and postnatally and who were unmarried and from households of low socioeconomic status (risk factors for antisocial behavior), in contrast with those in the comparison groups, reported fewer instances (incidence) of running away (0.24 vs 0.60; P = .003), fewer arrests (0.20 vs 0.45; P = .03), fewer convictions and violations of probation (0.09 vs 0.47; P<.001), fewer lifetime sex partners (0.92 vs 2.48; P= .003), fewer cigarettes smoked per day (1.50 vs 2.50; P= .10), and fewer days having consumed alcohol in the last 6 months (1.09 vs 2.49; P = .03). Parents of nurse-visited children reported that their children had fewer behavioral problems related to use of alcohol and other drugs (0.15 vs 0.34; P = .08). There were no program effects on other behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS: This program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses can reduce reported serious antisocial behavior and emergent use of substances on the part of adolescents born into high-risk families.}, keywords = {*Community Health Nursing, *Maternal-Child Nursing, Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology/*prevention \& control, Crime/*prevention \& control/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls, Humans, Incidence, Infant, New York/epidemiology, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Rural Health, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {0098-7484 (Print)
0098-7484}, doi = {10.1001/jama.280.14.1238}, url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188048}, author = {Olds, D. and Henderson, C. R., Jr. and Cole, R. and Eckenrode, J. and Kitzman, H. and Luckey, D. and Pettitt, L. and Sidora, K. and Morris, P. and Powers, J.} } @article {445, title = {Prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses: recent findings.}, journal = {Future Child}, volume = {9}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Spring}, pages = {44-65, 190-1}, abstract = {

This article describes a 20-year program of research on the Nurse Home Visitation Program, a model in which nurses visit mothers beginning during pregnancy and continuing through their children\&$\#$39;s second birthdays to improve pregnancy outcomes, to promote children\&$\#$39;s health and development, and to strengthen families\&$\#$39; economic self-sufficiency. The results of two randomized trials (one in Elmira, New York, and the second in Memphis, Tennessee) are summarized, and an ongoing trial in Denver, Colorado, is briefly described. Results of the Elmira and Memphis trials suggest the following: The program benefits the neediest families (low-income unmarried women) but provides little benefit for the broader population. Among low-income unmarried women, the program helps reduce rates of childhood injuries and ingestions that may be associated with child abuse and neglect, and helps mothers defer subsequent pregnancies and move into the workforce. Long-term follow-up of families in Elmira indicates that nurse-visited mothers were less likely to abuse or neglect their children or to have rapid successive pregnancies. Having fewer children enabled women to find work, become economically self-sufficient, and eventually avoid substance abuse and criminal behavior. Their children benefitted too. By the time the children were 15 years of age, they had had fewer arrests and convictions, smoked and drank less, and had had fewer sexual partners. The program produced few effects on children\&$\#$39;s development or on birth outcomes, except for children born to women who smoked cigarettes when they registered during pregnancy. The positive effects of the program on child abuse and injuries to children were most pronounced among mothers who, at registration, had the lowest psychological resources (defined as high levels of mental health symptoms, limited intellectual functioning, and little belief in their control of their lives). Generally, effects in Elmira were of greater magnitude and covered a broader range of outcomes than in Memphis, perhaps because of differences between the populations studied, community contexts, or a higher rate of turnover among home visitors in Memphis than in Elmira. The article concludes that the use of nurses as home visitors is key; that services should be targeted to the neediest populations, rather than being offered on a universal basis; that clinically tested methods of changing health and behavioral risks should be incorporated into program protocols; and that services must be implemented with fidelity to the model tested if program benefits found in scientifically controlled studies are to be reproduced as the program is replicated in new communities.

}, keywords = {Child Health Services, Child Welfare, Clinical Nursing Research, Community Health Nursing, Female, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, United States}, issn = {1054-8289}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Henderson, C. R. and Kitzman, H. J. and Eckenrode, J. J. and Cole, R. E. and Tatelbaum, R. C.} } @article {709, title = {Evidentiary foundations of nurse-family partnership,}, year = {2011}, url = {http://www.nursefamilypartnership.org/assets/PDF/Policy/NFP_Evidentiary_Foundations.aspx}, author = {D. L. Olds} } @article {389, title = {Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses: age 4 follow-up results of a randomized trial.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {114}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Dec}, pages = {1560-8}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of prenatal and infancy home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses from child age 2 through age 4 years.

METHODS: We conducted, in public and private care settings in Denver, Colorado, a randomized, controlled trial with 3 arms, ie, control, paraprofessional visits, and nurse visits. Home visits were provided from pregnancy through child age 2 years. We invited 1178 consecutive, low-income, pregnant women with no previous live births to participate, and we randomized 735; 85\% were unmarried, 47\% Mexican American, 35\% white non-Mexican American, 15\% black, and 3\% American Indian/Asian. Outcomes consisted of maternal reports of subsequent pregnancies, participation in education and work, use of welfare, marriage, cohabitation, experience of domestic violence, mental health, substance use, and sense of mastery; observations of mother-child interaction and the home environment; tests of children\&$\#$39;s language and executive functioning; and mothers\&$\#$39; reports of children\&$\#$39;s externalizing behavior problems.

RESULTS: Two years after the program ended, women who were visited by paraprofessionals, compared with control subjects, were less likely to be married (32.2\% vs 44.0\%) and to live with the biological father of the child (32.7\% vs 43.1\%) but worked more (15.13 months vs 13.38 months) and reported a greater sense of mastery and better mental health (standardized scores [mean = 100, SD = 10] of 101.25 vs 99.31 and 101.21 vs 99.16, respectively). Paraprofessional-visited women had fewer subsequent miscarriages (6.6\% vs 12.3\%) and low birth weight newborns (2.8\% vs 7.7\%). Mothers and children who were visited by paraprofessionals, compared with control subjects, displayed greater sensitivity and responsiveness toward one another (standardized score [mean = 100, SD = 10] of 100.92 vs 98.66) and, in cases in which the mothers had low levels of psychologic resources at registration, had home environments that were more supportive of children\&$\#$39;s early learning (score of 24.63 vs 23.35). Nurse-visited women reported greater intervals between the births of their first and second children (24.51 months vs 20.39 months) and less domestic violence (6.9\% vs 13.6\%) and enrolled their children less frequently in preschool, Head Start, or licensed day care than did control subjects. Nurse-visited children whose mothers had low levels of psychologic resources at registration, compared with control group counterparts, demonstrated home environments that were more supportive of children\&$\#$39;s early learning (score of 24.61 vs 23.35), more advanced language (score of 91.39 vs 86.73), superior executive functioning (score of 100.16 vs 95.48), and better behavioral adaptation during testing (score of 100.41 vs 96.66). There were no statistically significant effects of either nurse or paraprofessional visits on the number of subsequent pregnancies, women\&$\#$39;s educational achievement, use of substances, use of welfare, or children\&$\#$39;s externalizing behavior problems.

CONCLUSIONS: Paraprofessional-visited mothers began to experience benefits from the program 2 years after the program ended at child age 2 years, but their first-born children were not statistically distinguishable from their control group counterparts. Nurse-visited mothers and children continued to benefit from the program 2 years after it ended. The impact of the nurse-delivered program on children was concentrated on children born to mothers with low levels of psychologic resources.

}, keywords = {African Continental Ancestry Group, Birth Intervals, Child Behavior, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Community Health Nursing, Community Health Workers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Home Care Services, Humans, Infant, Male, Marital Status, Maternal Health Services, Mother-Child Relations, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pregnancy, Single Parent, Urban Population}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2004-0961}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Robinson, J. and Pettitt, L. and Luckey, D. W. and Holmberg, J. and Ng, R. K. and Isacks, K. and Sheff, K. and Henderson, C. R.} } @article {388, title = {Home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses: a randomized, controlled trial.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {110}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Sep}, pages = {486-96}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of home visiting by paraprofessionals and by nurses as separate means of improving maternal and child health when both types of visitors are trained in a program model that has demonstrated effectiveness when delivered by nurses.

METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in public- and private-care settings in Denver, Colorado. One thousand one hundred seventy-eight consecutive pregnant women with no previous live births who were eligible for Medicaid or who had no private health insurance were invited to participate. Seven hundred thirty-five women were randomized to control, paraprofessional, or nurse conditions. Nurses completed an average of 6.5 home visits during pregnancy and 21 visits from birth to the children\&$\#$39;s second birthdays. Paraprofessionals completed an average of 6.3 home visits during pregnancy and 16 visits from birth to the children\&$\#$39;s second birthdays. The main outcomes consisted of changes in women\&$\#$39;s urine cotinine over the course of pregnancy; women\&$\#$39;s use of ancillary services during pregnancy; subsequent pregnancies and births, educational achievement, workforce participation, and use of welfare; mother-infant responsive interaction; families\&$\#$39; home environments; infants\&$\#$39; emotional vulnerability in response to fear stimuli and low emotional vitality in response to joy and anger stimuli; and children\&$\#$39;s language and mental development, temperament, and behavioral problems.

RESULTS: Paraprofessional-visited mother-child pairs in which the mother had low psychological resources interacted with one another more responsively than their control-group counterparts (99.45 vs 97.54 standard score points). There were no other statistically significant paraprofessional effects. In contrast to their control-group counterparts, nurse-visited smokers had greater reductions in cotinine levels from intake to the end of pregnancy (259.0 vs 12.32 ng/mL); by the study child\&$\#$39;s second birthday, women visited by nurses had fewer subsequent pregnancies (29\% vs 41\%) and births (12\% vs 19\%); they delayed subsequent pregnancies for longer intervals; and during the second year after the birth of their first child, they worked more than women in the control group (6.83 vs 5.65 months). Nurse-visited mother-child pairs interacted with one another more responsively than those in the control group (100.31 vs 98.99 standard score points). At 6 months of age, nurse-visited infants, in contrast to their control-group counterparts, were less likely to exhibit emotional vulnerability in response to fear stimuli (16\% vs 25\%) and nurse-visited infants born to women with low psychological resources were less likely to exhibit low emotional vitality in response to joy and anger stimuli (24\% vs 40\% and 13\% vs 33\%). At 21 months, nurse-visited children born to women with low psychological resources were less likely to exhibit language delays (7\% vs 18\%); and at 24 months, they exhibited superior mental development (90.18 vs 86.20 Mental Development Index scores) than their control-group counterparts. There were no statistically significant program effects for the nurses on women\&$\#$39;s use of ancillary prenatal services, educational achievement, use of welfare, or their children\&$\#$39;s temperament or behavior problems. For most outcomes on which either visitor produced significant effects, the paraprofessionals typically had effects that were about half the size of those produced by nurses.

CONCLUSIONS: When trained in a model program of prenatal and infancy home visiting, paraprofessionals produced small effects that rarely achieved statistical or clinical significance; the absence of statistical significance for some outcomes is probably attributable to limited statistical power to detect small effects. Nurses produced significant effects on a wide range of maternal and child outcomes.

}, keywords = {Female, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Infant Welfare, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Welfare, Maternal-Child Nursing, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Proportional Hazards Models, Regression Analysis}, issn = {1098-4275}, author = {Olds, D. L. and Robinson, J. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, R. and Luckey, D. W. and Pettitt, L. M. and Henderson, C. R. and Ng, R. K. and Sheff, K. L. and Korfmacher, J. and Hiatt, S. and Talmi, A.} } @article {5496, title = {Timely sensory stimulation and early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {390}, number = {10113}, year = {2017}, note = {Olusanya, Bolajoko O
Sirimanna, Tony
McPherson, Bradley
eng
Letter
England
2017/12/20 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2626. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32410-8.}, month = {Dec 16}, pages = {2626}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Olusanya, B. O. and Sirimanna, T. and McPherson, B.} } @article {7271, title = {International Journal of Early Childhood}, year = {2021}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.springer.com/journal/13158/}, author = {OMEP} } @inbook {583, title = {Dignity under extreme duress: The moral and emotional landscape of local humanitarian workers in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas}, booktitle = {Medical Humanitarianism: Ethnographies of Practice}, year = {2015}, publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, organization = {University of Pennsylvania Press}, url = {http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15407.html}, author = {P. A. Omidian and C. Panter-Brick}, editor = {S. Abramowitz and C. Panter-Brick} } @article {3216, title = {The Effects of Armed Conflict on Educational Attainment and Inequality}, year = {2016}, institution = {Education Policy and Data Center, FHI 360}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/Omoeva\%20Hatch\%20and\%20Moussa\%20\%282016\%29\%20-\%20The\%20Effects\%20of\%20Armed\%20Conflict\%20on\%20Educational\%20Attainment\%20and\%20Inequality.pdf}, author = {C. Omoeva and R. Hatch and W. Moussa} } @article {6205, title = {Experiences of Fathers of Babies Admitted into a Neonatal Unit in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria}, journal = {Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-03-2019}, pages = {1 - 10}, keywords = {experiences, Fathers, newborns, NICU}, doi = {10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i130058}, url = {http://www.journaljammr.com/index.php/JAMMR/article/view/30058}, author = {Opara, P. I. and Alinnor, E. A.} } @article {866, title = {School Bullying: Changing the Problem by Changing the School}, journal = {School Psychology Review}, volume = {32}, year = {2003}, chapter = {431}, abstract = {

This article describes the development and evaluation of a bullying prevention program in one large, public elementary school. The program, which was developed based on a collaborative model between school personnel and university consultants, included modification of the school environment, education of students, and training of teachers. To evaluate the program, all students completed an anonymous survey in the spring of 1998 (n = 541) and the spring of 1999 (n = 520). Among the younger children, a 40\% reduction in the mean self-reported aggression and a 19\% reduction in mean self-reported victimization were found. Among children in third through fifth grade, a 23\% reduction in the mean reported victimization was observed, but no significant differences in aggression were found. This article proposes a model of translating theory and research of violence prevention into action.

}, keywords = {school bullying, violence prevention}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11213484/school-bullying-changing-problem-by-changing-school}, author = {Orpinas, P. and Horne, A.M. and Staniszewski, D.} } @article {867, title = {Building resiliency in families with young children exposed to violence: The safe start initiative pilot study}, journal = {Best Practice in Mental Health}, volume = {8}, year = {2008}, chapter = {48}, abstract = {

This study investigated the relationship between risk and protective factors among families with young children who have been exposed to violence and Safe Start treatment outcomes as measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Three groups of clients receiving different interventions were studied over the course of two years to investigate changes in parental stress and parent-child interaction. The results suggest that the groups differed in number of needs and protective factors and that these differences were strong predictors of variation in Parenting Stress Index-Short Form scores. Based on this finding, we conclude that families with higher levels of stress require immediate attention and support in linking with services that promote resiliency by reducing parental stress.

}, keywords = {parental stress, Safe Start, violence exposure}, url = {http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/31545478/building-resiliency-families-young-children-exposed-violence-safe-start-initiative-pilot-study}, author = {Ortega, S. and Beauchemin, A. and Kaniskan, R.B.} } @article {5780, title = {Child Poverty and inequality: New Perspectives}, year = {2012}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {child poverty, child rights, poverty and inequality}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Child_Poverty_Inequality_FINAL_web.pdf}, author = {Ortiz, I. and Daniels, L. M. and Engilbertsdottir, S. and UNICEF} } @article {624, title = {Child Povery and Inequality: new Perspectives}, year = {2012}, edition = {1}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Child_Poverty_Inequality_FINAL_Web_web.pdf}, author = {L. Ortiz}, editor = {M. Daniels and S. Engilbertsd{\'o}ttir} } @article {728, title = {The development and evaluation of the intervention model for the Florida Infant Mental Health Pilot Program}, journal = {Infant Mental Health Journal}, volume = {28}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-05-2007}, pages = {259 - 280}, issn = {01639641}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/imhj.20135/abstract}, author = {Osofsky, Joy D. and Kronenberg, Mindy and Hammer, Jill Hayes and Lederman, Judge Cindy and Katz, Lynne and Adams, Sandra and Graham, Mimi and Hogan, Anne} } @article {729, title = {An intervention for relational and physical aggression in early childhood: A preliminary study}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {24}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-01-2009}, pages = {15 - 28}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2008.08.002}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885200608000690http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0885200608000690?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0885200608000690?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Ostrov, Jamie M. and Massetti, Greta M. and Stauffacher, Kirstin and Godleski, Stephanie A. and Hart, Katie C. and Karch, Kathryn M. and Mullins, Adam D. and Ries, Emily E.} } @article {390, title = {Primary prevention of parent-child conflict and abuse in Iranian mothers: a randomized-controlled trial.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Mar}, pages = {206-13}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether primary health care settings can be used to engage and provide a preventive intervention to mothers of young children.

METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-four mothers who had come to the health centers were randomly assigned to either control group (CG: n=116) or intervention group (IG: n=108). Mothers in IG were taught about the role of parenting skills in families and common mistakes in parenting in 2-h-weekly sessions for 2 successive weeks. A parenting questionnaire was distributed to mothers at pre-test and after 8 weeks from the last training session.

RESULTS: Compared to the CG, there were significant improvements from pre- to post-test in IG on measures of Parenting Scales (PS) total scores and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale-modified (CTSPCm) total scores. This improvement was maintained at 8-week follow up.

CONCLUSION: The results support previous international studies that primary health care settings can be used successfully to engage and provide preventive interventions to mothers of young children.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Within health centers of Iran where parents routinely bring their children for monitoring of growth or vaccinating against some disease, mothers with a child aged between 2 and 6 years received a parent training. The program gave skills for managing misbehavior and preventing child behavior problems. Mothers reported that their behaviors improved from pre-treatment to post-treatment measured at 8-week follow up. The current work may lead decision-makers to organize this program for all of the health centers to train Iranian mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Abuse, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Education, Family Conflict, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Iran, Male, Primary Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.008}, author = {Oveisi, Sonia and Ardabili, Hassan Eftekhare and Dadds, Mark R and Majdzadeh, Reza and Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh and Rad, Javad Alaqband and Shahrivar, Zahra} } @book {543, title = {Reframing the Early Childhood Curriculum: Educational Imperatives for the Future}, year = {2002}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, organization = {Taylor \& Francis}, isbn = {9781134654673}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=XVuFAgAAQBAJ}, author = {Page, J.} } @article {5141, title = {Overview and implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {367}, number = {9511}, year = {2006}, note = {Pais, Marta Santos
Bissell, Susan
eng
England
2006/03/01 09:00
Lancet. 2006 Feb 25;367(9511):689-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68267-6.}, month = {Feb 25}, pages = {689-90}, keywords = {Child, Child Advocacy/*legislation \& jurisprudence, Humans, United Nations}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Pais, M. S. and Bissell, S.} } @article {164, title = {Mental health and childhood adversities: a longitudinal study in Kabul, Afghanistan.}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {50}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Apr}, pages = {349-63}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To identify prospective predictors of mental health in Kabul, Afghanistan.

METHOD: Using stratified random-sampling in schools, mental health and life events for 11-to 16-year-old students and their caregivers were assessed. In 2007, 1 year after baseline, the retention rate was 64\% (n = 115 boys, 119 girls, 234 adults) with no evidence of selection bias. Self- and caregiver-rated child mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), depressive (Depression Self-Rating Scale), and posttraumatic stress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale) symptoms and caregiver mental health (Self-Report Questionnaire) were assessed. Lifetime trauma and past-year traumatic, stressful, and protective experiences were assessed.

RESULTS: With the exception of posttraumatic stress, one-year trajectories for all mental health outcomes showed significant improvement (p \< .001). Family violence had a striking impact on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire data, raising caregiver-rated scores by 3.14 points (confidence interval [CI] 2.21-4.08) or half a standard deviation, and self-rated scores by 1.26 points (CI 0.50-2.03); past-year traumatic beatings independently raised self-rated scores by 1.85 points (CI 0.03-3.66). A major family conflict raised depression scores by 2.75 points (CI 0.89-4.61), two thirds of a standard deviation, whereas improved family life had protective effects. Posttraumatic stress symptom scores, however, were solely contingent on lifetime trauma, with more than three events raising scores by 5.38 points (CI 1.76-9.00).

CONCLUSIONS: Family violence predicted changes in mental health problems other than posttraumatic stress symptoms in a cohort that showed resilience to substantial socioeconomic and war-related stressors. The importance of prospectively identifying impacts of specific types of childhood adversities on mental health outcomes is highlighted to strengthen evidence on key modifiable factors for intervention in war-affected populations.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Afghanistan, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Developing Countries, Domestic Violence, Family Conflict, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Psychosocial Deprivation, Resilience, Psychological, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {1527-5418}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.001}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Goodman, A. and Tol, W. and Eggerman, M.} } @article {446, title = {Violence, suffering, and mental health in Afghanistan: a school-based survey.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {374}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Sep 5}, pages = {807-16}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Studies in Afghanistan have shown substantial mental health problems in adults. We did a survey of young people (11-16 years old) in the country to assess mental health, traumatic experiences, and social functioning.

METHODS: In 2006, we interviewed 1011 children, 1011 caregivers, and 358 teachers, who were randomly sampled in 25 government-operated schools within three purposively chosen areas (Kabul, Bamyan, and Mazar-e-Sharif municipalities). We assessed probable psychiatric disorder and social functioning in students with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire multi-informant (child, parent, teacher) ratings. We also used the Depression Self-Rating Scale and an Impact of Events Scale. We assessed caregiver mental health with both international and culturally-specific screening instruments (Self-Reported Questionnaire and Afghan Symptom Checklist). We implemented a checklist of traumatic events to examine the exposure to, and nature of, traumatic experiences. We analysed risk factors for mental health and reports of traumatic experiences.

FINDINGS: Trauma exposure and caregiver mental health were predictive across all child outcomes. Probable psychiatric ratings were associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.47, 95\% CI 1.65-3.68), five or more traumatic events (2.58, 1.36-4.90), caregiver mental health (1.11, 1.08-1.14), and residence areas (0.29, 0.17-0.51 for Bamyan and 0.37, 0.23-0.57 for Mazar-e-Sharif vs Kabul). The same variables predicted symptoms of depression. Two thirds of children reported traumatic experiences. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress were associated with five or more traumatic events (3.07, 1.78-5.30), caregiver mental health (1.06, 1.02-1.09), and child age (1.19, 1.04-1.36). Children\&$\#$39;s most distressing traumatic experiences included accidents, medical treatment, domestic and community violence, and war-related events.

INTERPRETATION: Young Afghans experience violence that is persistent and not confined to acts of war. Our study emphasises the value of school-based initiatives to address child mental health, and the importance of understanding trauma in the context of everyday forms of suffering, violence, and adversity.

FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Afghanistan, Attitude to Health, Child, Child Welfare, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculty, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Parents, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Schools, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61080-1}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Eggerman, M. and Gonzalez, V. and Safdar, S.} } @article {684, title = {Health, Risk, and Resilience: Interdisciplinary Concepts and Applications}, journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol 43Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol 43Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol 43}, volume = {43}, year = {2014}, note = {Bb9la
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:84
Annual Review of Anthropology}, pages = {431-448}, abstract = {

Risk and resilience research articulates major explanatory frameworks regarding the persistence of health disparities. Specifically, scholars have advocated a sophisticated knowledge of risk, a more grounded understanding of resilience, and comprehensive and meaningful measurements of risk and resilience pathways across cultures. The goal is to operationalize research issues into sustainable health practice and equity-focused policy. This article synthesizes current understandings on risk and resilience from the lens of medical anthropology: It reviews key insights gained from the standpoint of cultural narratives, political economy, and life history theory, as well as current shortcomings. The emergent literature on health-related risk and resilience is breathing new life into collaboration and dialogue across diverse fields of research and policy.

}, keywords = {Child Development, child-development, conflict, context, culture, developmental origins, life history, mental-health, policy, political economy, prevention, public-health, Violence, youth}, isbn = {0084-6570}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-025944}, author = {Panter-Brick, C.} } @inbook {7390, title = { Resilience humanitarianism and peacebuilding}, booktitle = {Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change}, year = {2021}, pages = {361-74}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = { Resilience humanitarianism and peacebuilding}, keywords = {crisis, culture, Health, humanitarian action, Interventions, partnerships, peacebuilding, political economy, structural resilience, transformation}, url = {https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.001.0001/oso-9780190095888-chapter-20}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Ungar, M.} } @article {450, title = {Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development--interconnected pathways to wellbeing.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Apr}, pages = {333-6}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Infant, Quality of Life, Resilience, Psychological, Social Adjustment}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12057}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {5186, title = {Conflict, violence, and health: setting a new interdisciplinary agenda}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Panter-Brick, Catherine
eng
Introductory
England
2009/11/26 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jan;70(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.022. Epub 2009 Nov 22.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {1-6}, keywords = {*Conflict (Psychology), *Health Status, *Violence, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {449, title = {Trauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {56}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jul}, pages = {814-25}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Studies of war-affected youth have not yet examined how trauma memories relate to prospective changes in mental health and to subjective or social experiences.

METHODS: We interviewed a gender-balanced, randomly selected sample of Afghan child-caregiver dyads (n = 331, two waves, 1 year apart). We assessed lifetime trauma with a Traumatic Event Checklist, past-year events with a checklist of risk and protective events, and several child mental health outcomes including posttraumatic distress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES) and depression. We examined the consistency of trauma recall over time, identified mental health trajectories with latent transition modeling, and assessed the predictors of posttraumatic distress and depression trajectories with multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS: From baseline to follow-up, reports of lifetime trauma significantly changed (p \≤ 0.01). A third of the cohort reported no trauma exposure; only 10\% identified the same event as their most distressing experience. We identified four CRIES trajectories: low or no distress (52\%), rising distress (15\%), declining distress (21\%), and sustained high distress (12\%). Youth with chronic posttraumatic distress were more likely to be girls (OR = 5.78, p \≤ 0.01), report more trauma exposure at baseline (OR = 1.55, p \≤ 0.05) and follow-up (OR = 5.96, p \≤ 0.01), and experience ongoing domestic violence (OR = 4.84, p \≤ 0.01). The risks of rising distress and sustained distress showed a steady increase for youth recalling up to four traumatic experiences. Depression and CRIES trajectories showed weak comorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS: Memories of violent events are malleable, embedded in social experiences, and present heterogeneous associations with posttraumatic distress. Our study provides insights on resilience and vulnerability to multiple adverse childhood experiences, highlighting research and clinical implications for understanding trauma in conflict-affected youth.

}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12350}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Grimon, M. and Kalin, M. and Eggerman, M.} } @article {5920, title = {Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development--interconnected pathways to wellbeing}, journal = {J Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {1469-7610
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Leckman, James F
Editorial
Introductory Journal Article
England
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;54(4):333-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12057.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {333-6}, edition = {2013/03/23}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Resilience, Psychological, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Early Intervention (Education), Humans, Infant, Quality of Life/*psychology, Social Adjustment}, isbn = {0021-9630}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {5256, title = {The field of medical anthropology in Social Science \& Medicine}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {196}, year = {2018}, note = {Panter-Brick, Catherine
Eggerman, Mark
eng
Historical Article
Review
England
2017/11/16 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jan;196:233-239. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.033. Epub 2017 Oct 31.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {233-239}, abstract = {Conceptually and methodologically, medical anthropology is well-positioned to support a "big-tent" research agenda on health and society. It fosters approaches to social and structural models of health and wellbeing in ways that are critically reflective, cross-cultural, people-centered, and transdisciplinary. In this review article, we showcase these four main characteristics of the field, as featured in Social Science \& Medicine over the last fifty years, highlighting their relevance for an international and interdisciplinary readership. First, the practice of critical inquiry in ethnographies of health offers a deep appreciation of sociocultural viewpoints when recording and interpreting lived experiences and contested social worlds. Second, medical anthropology champions cross-cultural breadth: it makes explicit local understandings of health experiences across different settings, using a fine-grained, comparative approach to develop a stronger global platform for the analysis of health-related concerns. Third, in offering people-centered views of the world, anthropology extends the reach of critical enquiry to the lived experiences of hard-to-reach population groups, their structural vulnerabilities, and social agency. Finally, in developing research at the nexus of cultures, societies, biologies, and health, medical anthropologists generate new, transdisciplinary conversations on the body, mind, person, community, environment, prevention, and therapy. As featured in this journal, scholarly contributions in medical anthropology seek to debate human health and wellbeing from many angles, pushing forward methodology, social theory, and health-related practice.}, keywords = {Anthropology, Medical/*history, Biology, Ethnography, Health, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Interdisciplinary, Medical anthropology, Periodicals as Topic/*history, Social Medicine/*history, Social Sciences/*history, Theory}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Eggerman, M.} } @article {448, title = {How might global health master deadly sins and strive for greater virtues?}, journal = {Glob Health Action}, volume = {7}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {23411}, abstract = {

In the spirit of critical reflection, we examine how the field of global health might surmount current challenges and prioritize its ethical mandate, namely to achieve, for all people, equity in health. We use the parlance of mastering deadly sins and striving for greater virtues in an effort to review what is needed to transform global health action. Global health falls prey to four main temptations: coveting silo gains, lusting for technological solutions, leaving broad promises largely unfulfilled, and boasting of narrow successes. This necessitates a change of heart: to keep faith with the promise it made, global health requires a realignment of core values and a sharper focus on the primacy of relationships with the communities it serves. Based on the literature to date, we highlight six steps to re-orienting global health action. Articulating a coherent global health agenda will come from principled action, enacted through courage and prudence in decision-making to foster people-centered systems of care over the entire lifespan.

}, keywords = {Delivery of Health Care, Global Health, Health Status Disparities, Healthy People Programs, Humans}, issn = {1654-9880}, doi = {10.3402/gha.v7.23411}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Eggerman, M. and Tomlinson, M.} } @article {197, title = {Practitioner review: Engaging fathers--recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Nov}, pages = {1187-212}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Despite robust evidence of fathers{\textquoteright} impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well-explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting.

RESULTS: After screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate {\textquoteright}father{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}couple{\textquoteright} effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother-child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery.

CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale-up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender-differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.

}, keywords = {Fathers, Humans, Parenting, Psychotherapy, Research Design}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12280}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Burgess, A. and Eggerman, M. and McAllister, F. and Pruett, K. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {5919, title = {Practitioner review: Engaging fathers--recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence}, journal = {J Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol PsychiatryJ Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, number = {11}, year = {2014}, note = {1469-7610
Panter-Brick, Catherine
Burgess, Adrienne
Eggerman, Mark
McAllister, Fiona
Pruett, Kyle
Leckman, James F
Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review
England
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;55(11):1187-212. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12280. Epub 2014 Jul 1.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1187-212}, edition = {2014/07/02}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite robust evidence of fathers{\textquoteright} impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well-explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting. RESULTS: After screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate {\textquoteright}father{\textquoteright} or {\textquoteright}couple{\textquoteright} effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother-child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale-up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender-differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.}, keywords = {*Fathers, *Parenting, *Psychotherapy, Child Development, coparent, Family, father involvement, Humans, prevention, Research Design, Research Design/*standards, Violence}, isbn = {0021-9630}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Burgess, A. and Eggerman, M. and McAllister, F. and Pruett, K. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {215, title = {Caregiver-child mental health: a prospective study in conflict and refugee settings.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {313-27}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: In humanitarian settings, family-level drivers of mental health are insufficiently documented; we examined the strength of caregiver-child associations with two-wave, family-level Afghan data.

METHODS: We recruited a gender-balanced sample of 681 caregiver-child dyads (n\ =\ 1,362 respondents) using stratified random-sampling in government schools in Kabul (364 dyads) and refugee schools in Peshawar (317 dyads). One year after baseline, we re-interviewed 64\% of Kabul and 31\% of Peshawar cohorts (n\ =\ 331 dyads, 662 respondents), retaining fewer Peshawar families due to refugee repatriation. In multivariable analyses adjusted for baseline, we assessed the extent to which caregiver mental health (Self-Report Questionnaire, SRQ-20) was associated with child symptom scores of post-traumatic stress (Child Revised Impact of Events Scale, CRIES), depression (Depression Self-Rating Scale, DSRS), psychiatric difficulties, impact, and prosocial strength (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ).

RESULTS: Caregiver mental health was prospectively associated with all eight measures of child mental health at follow-up, adjusted for baseline. For post-traumatic stress, caregiver mental health had a predictive impact comparable to the child experiencing one or two lifetime trauma events. For depression, caregiver mental health approached the predictive impact of female gender. Thus a one SD change in caregiver SRQ-20 was associated with a 1.04 point change on CRIES and a 0.65 point change in DSRS. For multi-informant SDQ data, caregiver-child associations were strongest for caregiver ratings. For child-rated outcomes, associations were moderated by maternal literacy, a marker of family-level dynamics. Both adults and children identified domestic violence and quality of home life as independent risk and protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS: In the context of violence and displacement, efforts to improve child mental health require a thoughtful consideration of the mental health cascade across generations and the cluster of adversities that impact family wellbeing. We identify culturally meaningful leverage points for building family-level resilience, relevant to the prevention and intervention agenda in global mental health.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Afghanistan, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Questionnaires, Refugees, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12167}, author = {Panter-Brick, Catherine and Grimon, Marie-Pascale and Eggerman, Mark} } @article {5251, title = {Insecurity, distress and mental health: experimental and randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {59}, number = {5}, year = {2018}, note = {Panter-Brick, Catherine
Dajani, Rana
Eggerman, Mark
Hermosilla, Sabrina
Sancilio, Amelia
Ager, Alastair
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
England
2017/10/03 06:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 May;59(5):523-541. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12832. Epub 2017 Oct 2.}, month = {May}, pages = {523-541}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Strengthening the evidence base for humanitarian interventions that provide psychosocial support to war-affected youth is a key priority. We tested the impacts of an 8-week programme of structured activities informed by a profound stress attunement (PSA) framework (Advancing Adolescents), delivered in group-format to 12-18 year-olds in communities heavily affected by the Syrian crisis. We included both Syrian refugee and Jordanian youth. METHODS: We followed an experimental design, comparing treatment youth and wait-list controls over two programme implementation cycles, randomizing to study arm in cycle 2 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03012451). We measured insecurity, distress, mental health difficulties, prosocial behaviour and post-traumatic stress symptoms at three time-points: baseline (n = 817 youth; 55\% Syrian, 43\% female), postintervention (n = 463; 54\% Syrian, 47\% female), and follow-up (n = 212, 58\% Syrian, 43\% female). Regression models assessed: prospective intervention impacts, adjusting for baseline scores, trauma exposure, age, and gender; differential impacts across levels of trauma exposure and activity-based modality; and sustained recovery 1 year later. We analysed cycle-specific and cycle-pooled data for youth exclusively engaged in Advancing Adolescents and for the intent-to-treat sample. RESULTS: We found medium to small effect sizes for all psychosocial outcomes, namely Human Insecurity (beta = -7.04 (95\% CI: -10.90, -3.17), Cohen{\textquoteright}s d = -0.4), Human Distress (beta = -5.78 (-9.02, -2.54), d = -0.3), and Perceived Stress (beta = -1.92 (-3.05, -0.79), d = -0.3); and two secondary mental health outcomes (AYMH: beta = -3.35 (-4.68, -2.02), d = -0.4; SDQ: beta = -1.46 (-2.42, -0.50), d = -0.2). We found no programme impacts for prosocial behaviour or post-traumatic stress reactions. Beneficial impacts were stronger for youth with exposure to four trauma events or more. While symptoms alleviated for both intervention and control groups over time, there were sustained effects of the intervention on Human Insecurity. CONCLUSIONS: Findings strengthen the evidence base for mental health and psychosocial programming for a generation affected by conflict and forced displacement. We discuss implications for programme implementation and evaluation research.}, keywords = {evaluation, forced displacement, implementation science, Mental health and psychosocial support, Refugees, War}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Dajani, R. and Eggerman, M. and Hermosilla, S. and Sancilio, A. and Ager, A.} } @article {447, title = {Social stressors, mental health, and physiological stress in an urban elite of young Afghans in Kabul}, journal = {Am J Hum Biol}, volume = {20}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Nov-Dec}, pages = {627-41}, abstract = {

Afghanistan provides a unique setting in which to appraise psychosocial stress, given the context of persistent insecurity and widening economic inequality. In Kabul, people experience widespread frustrations, hinging on restricted opportunities for social advancement, education, and employment. We appraised social aspirations, every-day stressors, psychosocial distress, and mental health problems for a random sample of 161 male and female students at Kabul University. The survey featured both existing and newly-developed instruments (Self-Reported Questionnaire SRQ-20; Afghan Symptom Checklist; Afghan Daily Stressor Scale; and Social Aspirations and Frustrations), implementing both internationally-used and culturally-grounded measures of mental health assessment. We also included indicators of physical health (blood pressure, immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), C-reactive protein, and body mass index), to map physiological function with reported psychosocial distress. This young, urban elite expressed major feelings of frustrations, related to physical, economic, social, and political stressors of day-to-day life in Kabul. There were striking gender differences for psychosocial and physiological markers of wellbeing; specifically, women showed poorer mental health (SRQ-20, P = 0.01) and elevated EBV antibody titers (P = 0.003). Both diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.018) and EBV (P = 0.038) were associated with a subscale of family stressors among women, but not among men, consistent with women\&$\#$39;s social vulnerabilities to stressful family dynamics. This is the first study to integrate approaches from anthropology, cross-cultural psychiatry, and human biology to document social stressors, psychosocial distress, and physiological wellbeing in the challenging setting of present-day Afghanistan.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Afghanistan, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Family Conflict, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Sex Distribution, Social Class, Social Environment, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Urban Population, Young Adult}, issn = {1520-6300}, doi = {10.1002/ajhb.20797}, author = {Panter-Brick, C. and Eggerman, M. and Mojadidi, A. and McDade, T. W.} } @article {7373, title = {Practitioner Review: Engaging fathers {\textendash} recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence}, journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry}, volume = {55}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-11-2014}, pages = {1187 - 1212}, keywords = {fatherhood, parenting interventions, policy development, responsive parenting}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.2014.55.issue-1110.1111/jcpp.12280}, url = {https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12280}, author = {Panter-Brick, Catherine and Burgess, Adrienne and Eggerman, Mark and McAllister, Fiona and Pruett, Kyle and Leckman, James F.} } @article {6515, title = {COVID-19: 24/7 Parenting}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Parenting for Lifelong Health}, abstract = {24/7 parenting resources in 70 languages! Parenting for Lifelong Health provides open-access online parenting resources during COVID-19. We are working with the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, the Internet of Good Things, USAID and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.}, keywords = {COVID-19, Parenting}, url = {https://www.covid19parenting.com/?fbclid=IwAR1uFD7NN0N2Sza8340UNUhJ5GCHUPgc8NlQ-hfcHFuwpPoBlW58KQjIQsU}, author = {ParentingForLifelongHealth} } @article {685, title = {A Parental Bonding Instrument}, journal = {British Journal of Medical Psychology}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, isbn = {2044-8341}, doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x}, author = {Parker, Gordon and Tupling, Hilary and Brown, L. B.} } @article {4916, title = {Transitioning mental health \& psychosocial support: from short-term emergency to sustainable post-disaster development. Humanitarian Action Summit 2011}, journal = {Prehosp Disaster Med}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {Patel, P P
Russell, J
Allden, K
Betancourt, T S
Bolton, P
Galappatti, A
Hijazi, Z
Johnson, K
Jones, L
Kadis, L
Leary, K
Weissbecker, I
Nakku, J
eng
2012/05/09 06:00
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2011 Dec;26(6):470-81. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X1200012X.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {470-81}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Working Group (WG) on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support participated in its second Humanitarian Action Summit in 2011. This year, the WG chose to focus on a new goal: reviewing practice related to transitioning mental health and psychosocial support programs from the emergency phase to long-term development. The Working Group{\textquoteright}s findings draw on a review of relevant literature as well as case examples. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the Working Group was to identify factors that promote or hinder the long term sustainability of emergency mental health and psychosocial interventions in crisis and conflict, and to provide recommendations for transitioning such programs from relief to development. METHODS: The Working Group (WG) conducted a review of relevant literature and collected case examples based on experiences and observations of working group members in implementing mental and psychosocial programming in the field. The WG focused on reviewing literature on mental health and psychosocial programs and interventions that were established in conflict, disaster, protracted crisis settings, or transition from acute phase to development phase. The WG utilized case examples from programs in Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, Sierra Leone, Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, and New Orleans (United States). RESULTS: The WG identified five key thematic areas that should be addressed in order to successfully transition lasting and effective mental health and psychosocial programs from emergency settings to the development phase. The five areas identified were as follows: Government and Policy, Human Resources and Training, Programming and Services, Research and Monitoring, and Finance. CONCLUSIONS: The group identified several recommendations for each thematic area, which were generated from key lessons learned by working group members through implementing mental health and psychosocial support programs in a variety of settings, some successfully sustained and some that were not.}, keywords = {*Social Support, Accreditation, Congresses as Topic, Developing Countries, Disaster Planning/*organization \& administration/standards, Emergencies, Humans, Leadership, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration/standards, Program Development, Program Evaluation}, isbn = {1049-023X (Print)
1049-023X (Linking)}, author = {Patel, P. P. and Russell, J. and Allden, K. and Betancourt, T. S. and Bolton, P. and Galappatti, A. and Hijazi, Z. and Johnson, K. and Jones, L. and Kadis, L. and Leary, K. and Weissbecker, I. and Nakku, J.} } @article {198, title = {Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Mar}, pages = {313-34}, abstract = {

Children and adolescents in low and middle income countries (LAMIC) constitute 35-50\% of the population. Although the population in many such countries is predominantly rural, rapid urbanisation and social change is under way, with an increase in urban poverty and unemployment, which are risk factors for poor child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). There is a vast gap between CAMH needs (as measured through burden of disease estimates) and the availability of CAMH resources. The role of CAMH promotion and prevention can thus not be overestimated. However, the evidence base for affordable and effective interventions for promotion and prevention in LAMIC is limited. In this review, we briefly review the public health importance of CAM disorders in LAMIC and the specific issues related to risk and protective factors for these disorders. We describe a number of potential strategies for CAMH promotion which focus on building capacity in children and adolescents, in parents and families, in the school and health systems, and in the wider community, including structural interventions. Building capacity in CAMH must also focus on the detection and treatment of disorders for which the evidence base is somewhat stronger, and on wider public health strategies for prevention and promotion. In particular, capacity needs to be built across the health system, with particular foci on low-cost, universally available and accessible resources, and on empowerment of families and children. We also consider the role of formal teaching and training programmes, and the role for specialists in CAMH promotion.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Developing Countries, Global Health, Health Promotion, Humans, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Socioeconomic Factors}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x}, author = {Patel, Vikram and Flisher, Alan J and Nikapota, Anula and Malhotra, Savita} } @article {6123, title = {Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Self-harm in Early Childhood in a Cohort at Risk for Child Abuse and Neglect}, journal = {Archives of Suicide Research}, volume = {23}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-01-2019}, pages = {134 - 150}, issn = {1381-1118}, doi = {10.1080/13811118.2017.1413468}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13811118.2017.1413468}, author = {Paul, Elise and Ortin, Ana} } @article {5677, title = {The advisory group of experts report on the 2015 review of the United Nations}, year = {2015}, institution = {Peacebuilding Architecture}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/world/challenge-sustaining-peace-report-advisory-group-experts-2015-review-united-nations}, author = {PeacebuildingArchitecture} } @article {730, title = {Effectiveness of community dissemination of parent{\textendash}child interaction therapy.}, journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy}, volume = {4}, year = {2012}, month = {Jan-01-2012}, pages = {204 - 213}, issn = {1942-9681}, doi = {10.1037/a0022948}, url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/a0022948}, author = {Pearl, Erica and Thieken, Lacey and Olafson, Erna and Boat, Barbara and Connelly, Lisa and Barnes, Jaclyn and Putnam, Frank} } @article {451, title = {Genomics. ENCODE project writes eulogy for junk DNA.}, journal = {Science}, volume = {337}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Sep 7}, pages = {1159, 1161}, keywords = {Animals, Cell Line, Conserved Sequence, DNA, Intergenic, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome, Genome, Human, Genomics, Humans, Mammals, RNA, Untranslated, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Transcription Factors}, issn = {1095-9203}, doi = {10.1126/science.337.6099.1159}, author = {Pennisi, Elizabeth} } @article {5501, title = {The role of nutrition in integrated early child development in the 21st century: contribution from the Maternal and Child Nutrition journal}, journal = {Matern Child Nutr}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Moran, Victoria Hall
eng
Editorial
Introductory
England
2016/12/30 06:00
Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jan;13(1):3-6. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12387.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {3-6}, abstract = {Even though it is widely recognized that early childhood development (ECD) is one of the most important predictors of future social capital and national productivity, the recently published ECD Lancet Series reports that about 250 million children under 5 years are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential, mainly as a result of poverty and social injustice. So why is this and what will it take to reverse this situation? The purpose of this special issue is to highlight important contributions from previously published articles in Maternal \& Child Nutrition to the field of nutrition and ECD. The collection of papers presented in this special issue collectively indicates that although nutrition-specific interventions are essential for child development, they are not sufficient by themselves for children to reach their full developmental potential. This is because ECD is influenced by many other factors besides nutrition, including hand washing/sanitation, parenting skills, psychosocial stimulation, and social protection. Future research should focus on mixed-methods implementation science seeking to understand how best to translate evidence-based integrated ECD packages into effective intersectoral policies and programs on a large scale. In addition to health and nutrition, these programs need to consider and include responsive parenting (including responsive feeding), learning stimulation, education, and social protection. Future studies should also address if and how childhood obesity affects human physical, socioemotional, and cognitive development.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, *child policies, *child programs, *early child development, *social protection, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Nutrition Policy, Parenting, Periodicals as Topic}, isbn = {1740-8709 (Electronic)
1740-8695 (Linking)}, author = {Perez-Escamilla, R. and Moran, V. H.} } @article {890, title = {The costs and economic impact of violence against children}, year = {2014}, institution = {Child Fund Alliance, Overseas Development Institute}, address = {London}, keywords = {child labor, child trafficking, psychosocial violence, sexual violence against children, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {http://childfundalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ODI-Policy-Brief.-The-cost-and-economic-impact-of-violence-against-children.pdf}, author = {Pereznieto, P. and Montes, A. and Langston, L. and Routier, S.} } @article {6513, title = {COVID-19, Violence \& The Need To Act with Urgency}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {Benjamin Perks Blogsite}, keywords = {child online safety, child rights and protection, COVID-19, violence against children}, url = {https://benjaminperksblog.home.blog/2020/04/23/covid19-and-violence-against-children/?fbclid=IwAR1AvMRSrprzhNduhdIhZUl5_0nIZbHZWVM6BsF8aQUhmdxhh8ovyyPTrFs}, author = {Perks, B} } @article {452, title = {Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma.}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {e59}, abstract = {

Childhood maltreatment, through epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). We investigated whether childhood maltreatment and its severity were associated with increased methylation of the exon 1(F) NR3C1 promoter, in 101 borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 99 major depressive disorder (MDD) subjects with, respectively, a high and low rate of childhood maltreatment, and 15 MDD subjects with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Childhood sexual abuse, its severity and the number of type of maltreatments positively correlated with NR3C1 methylation (P=6.16 \× 10(-8), 5.18 \× 10(-7) and 1.25 \× 10(-9), respectively). In BPD, repetition of abuses and sexual abuse with penetration correlated with a higher methylation percentage. Peripheral blood might therefore serve as a proxy for environmental effects on epigenetic processes. These findings suggest that early life events may permanently impact on the HPA axis though epigenetic modifications of the NR3C1. This is a mechanism by which childhood maltreatment may lead to adulthood psychopathology.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Depressive Disorder, Major, DNA Methylation, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2011.60}, author = {Perroud, N and Paoloni-Giacobino, A and Prada, P and Oli{\'e}, E and Salzmann, A and Nicastro, R and Guillaume, S and Mouthon, D and Stouder, C and Dieben, K and Huguelet, P and Courtet, P and Malafosse, A} } @inbook {7388, title = {Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings}, booktitle = {Reducing prejudice and discrimination}, year = {2000}, pages = {93-114}, publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, organization = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, chapter = {Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings}, keywords = {intergroup contact, intergroup prejudice, Meta-analysis}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281453353_Does_Intergroup_Contact_Reduce_Prejudice_Recent_Meta-Analytic_Findings}, author = {Pettigrew, T.G. and Tropp, L.R. and Oskamp, S.} } @article {5296, title = {Sense of coherence and its association with exposure to traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo}, journal = {J Trauma Stress}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {Pham, Phuong N
Vinck, Patrick
Kinkodi, Didine Kaba
Weinstein, Harvey M
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2010/06/22 06:00
J Trauma Stress. 2010 Jun;23(3):313-21. doi: 10.1002/jts.20527.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {313-21}, abstract = {The Democratic Republic of Congo is the scene of some of the worst atrocities in recent history. However, in the face of traumatic experience, only a minority of people develops symptoms that impair their functioning. The sense of coherence proposed by Antonovsky (1987) is a theoretical construct reflecting an individual{\textquoteright}s overall wellbeing and ability to cope with stress. This study explores the relationships between sense of coherence, exposure to traumatic events, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Results suggest an association between a high sense of coherence and high education levels, high income, and positive social relationships. Furthermore, the study found that sense of coherence is inversely correlated with cumulative exposure to violence and symptoms of PTSD and depression.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Depression/etiology/*physiopathology, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology/*physiopathology, Violence/*psychology, Young Adult}, isbn = {1573-6598 (Electronic)
0894-9867 (Linking)}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Vinck, P. and Kinkodi, D. K. and Weinstein, H. M.} } @article {5291, title = {Human rights, transitional justice, public health and social reconstruction}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {70}, number = {1}, year = {2010}, note = {Pham, Phuong Ngoc
Vinck, Patrick
Weinstein, Harvey M
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2009/10/17 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Jan;70(1):98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.039. Epub 2009 Oct 14.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {98-105}, abstract = {Mass violence, armed conflict, genocide, and complex humanitarian emergencies continue to create major social and public health disasters at the dawn of the 21st Century. Transitional justice, a set of policies designed to address the effects of war on traumatized communities and bring justice, lies at the nexus of public health, conflict, and social reconstruction. Despite the paucity of empirical evidence, advocates of transitional justice have claimed that it can alleviate the effects of trauma, deter future violence, and bring about social reconstruction in war-affected communities. Empirical evidence--including new data and analyses presented in this article--suggests a link between trauma, mental health and attitudes towards and responses to transitional justice programs, but there has been little theoretical discussion about the intersection between public health and transitional justice, and even less empirical research to generate discussion between these two fields. Yet, public health professionals have an important role to play in assessing the impact of transitional justice on communities affected by mass violence. In this paper, we offer a conceptual model for future research that seeks to examine the relationship between transitional justice programs and their potential value to the fields of medicine and public health and discuss the methodological issues and challenges to a comprehensive evaluation of this relationship. To illustrate the discussion, we examine new data and analyses from two cases of contemporary conflicts, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and northern Uganda.}, keywords = {*Human Rights, *Politics, *Public Health, *Social Justice, Adult, Attitude, Cluster Analysis, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Female, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Uganda, Violence/statistics \& numerical data, Warfare}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Vinck, P. and Weinstein, H. M.} } @article {5266, title = {Strategic Documentation of Violence against Healthcare: Towards a Methodology for Accountability}, journal = {World Health Popul}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Pham, Phuong N
Vinck, Patrick
Grace, Rob
Fricke, Adrienne
VanRooyen, Michael
eng
Canada
2016/07/01 06:00
World Health Popul. 2016;16(4):31-7.}, pages = {31-7}, abstract = {The valuable efforts that have arisen in recent years to document attacks against healthcare workers and infrastructure during armed conflicts have brought this issue to the forefront of the policy agendas of many health, public health, humanitarian and human rights organizations. However, although professionals and activists have highlighted the importance of accountability in deterring these attacks, considerations of international criminal responsibility in data-gathering efforts remain underexplored. This paper suggests an approach that could direct further accountability efforts for organizations interested in engaging in documentation. Such non-governmental organizations should aim to gather not only information about the nature of the attack but also data that help establish specific characteristics about the victim, the intent of the attacker and the patterns of violence. Additionally, these efforts to document attacks on healthcare workers, facilities and patients should involve a systematic, rigorous and demonstrable methodology.}, isbn = {1718-3340 (Print)}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Vinck, P. and Grace, R. and Fricke, A. and VanRooyen, M.} } @article {3291, title = {Uganda: Population-based Survey on Peace and Education}, year = {2015}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/150531-HHI-ReportUganda_copyedited1.pdf}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Gibbons, N. and HarvardHumanitarianInitiativeandUNICEF} } @article {5281, title = {Technology, conflict early warning systems, public health, and human rights}, journal = {Health Hum Rights}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {Pham, Phuong N
Vinck, Patrick
eng
2012/01/01 00:00
Health Hum Rights. 2012 Dec 15;14(2):106-17.}, month = {Dec 15}, pages = {106-17}, abstract = {Public health and conflict early warning are evolving rapidly in response to technology changes for the gathering, management, analysis and communication of data. It is expected that these changes will provide an unprecedented ability to monitor, detect, and respond to crises. One of the potentially most profound and lasting expected change affects the roles of the various actors in providing and sharing information and in responding to early warning. Communities and civil society actors have the opportunity to be empowered as a source of information, analysis, and response, while the role of traditional actors shifts toward supporting those communities and building resilience. However, by creating new roles, relationships, and responsibilities, technology changes raise major concerns and ethical challenges for practitioners, pressing the need for practical guidelines and actionable recommendations in line with existing ethical principles.}, keywords = {*Access to Information, *Human Rights, *Information Systems, *Public Health, Disaster Planning, Humans}, isbn = {2150-4113 (Electronic)
1079-0969 (Linking)}, author = {Pham, P. N. and Vinck, P.} } @article {5962, title = {Indicators framework for peacebuilding, education and social cohesion}, year = {2017}, institution = {Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and UNICEF}, address = {Boston, MA}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Social_Cohesion_Assessmen_Framework_20170420_(HHI).pdf}, author = {Pham, P.N. and Vinck, P.} } @book {518, title = {From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development}, year = {2000}, pages = {612}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, abstract = {

How we raise young children is one of today\&$\#$39;s most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of \"expertise.\" The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children\&$\#$39;s cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about \"brain wiring\" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

}, isbn = {9780309069885}, doi = {10.17226/9824 }, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=oZQtR7WIBKgC}, author = {Phillips, D. A. and Shonkoff, J. P. and CISECDevelopment and DBSSEducation and IMedicine and YFBoardonChildren} } @article {731, title = {Socio-emotional Programme Promotes Positive Behaviour in Preschoolers}, journal = {Child Care in Practice}, volume = {15}, year = {2009}, month = {Jan-10-2009}, pages = {261 - 278}, issn = {1357-5279}, doi = {10.1080/13575270903149323}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13575270903149323}, author = {Pickens, Jeffrey} } @article {888, title = {World Report on Violence against Children}, year = {2006}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York}, keywords = {violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {http://www.unviolencestudy.org/}, author = {Pinheiro, P.S. and United Nations} } @book {545, title = {The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature}, year = {2003}, publisher = {Penguin Publishing Group}, organization = {Penguin Publishing Group}, abstract = {

Our conceptions of human nature affect every aspect of our lives, from the way we raise our children to the political movements we embrace. Yet just as science is bringing us into a golden age of understanding human nature, many people are hostile to the very idea. They fear that discoveries about innate patterns of thinking and feeling may be used to justify inequality, to subvert social change, to dissolve personal responsibility, and to strip life of meaning and purpose. In The Blank Slate, Steven Pinker, bestselling author of The Language Instinct and How the Mind Works, explores the idea of human nature and its moral, emotional, and political colorings. He shows how many intellectuals have denied the existence of human nature by embracing three linked dogmas: the Blank Slate (the mind has no innate traits), the Noble Savage (people are born good and corrupted by society), and the Ghost in the Machine (each of us has a soul that makes choices free from biology). Each dogma carries a moral burden, so their defenders have engaged in desperate tactics to discredit the scientists who are now challenging them. Pinker injects calm and rationality into these debates by showing that equality, progress, responsibility, and purpose have nothing to fear from discoveries about a rich human nature. He disarms even the most menacing threats with clear thinking, common sense, and pertinent facts from science and history. Despite its popularity among intellectuals during much of the twentieth century, he argues, the doctrine of the Blank Slate may have done more harm than good. It denies our common humanity and our individual preferences, replaces hardheaded analyses of social problems with feel-good slogans, and distorts our understanding of government, violence, parenting, and the arts. Pinker shows that an acknowledgment of human nature that is grounded in science and common sense, far from being dangerous, can complement insights about the human condition made by millennia of artists and philosophers. All this is done in the style that earned his previous books many prizes and worldwide acclaim: wit, lucidity, and insight into matters great and small.

}, isbn = {9781101200322}, url = {http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Steven-Pinker-The-Blank-Slate-The-Modern-Denial-of-Human-Nature.pdf}, author = {Pinker, S.} } @article {6126, title = {Quality of infant child care and early infant development in Portuguese childcare centers}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {48}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-02-2019}, pages = {246 - 255}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.04.003}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200619300614}, author = {Pinto, Ana Isabel and Cadima, Joana and Coelho, Vera and Bryant, Donna M. and Peixoto, Carla and Pessanha, Manuela and Burchinal, Margaret R. and Barros, S{\'\i}lvia} } @article {453, title = {Long-term consequences of neonatal rearing on central corticotropin-releasing factor systems in adult male rat offspring.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {30}, year = {2005}, month = {2005 Dec}, pages = {2192-204}, abstract = {

In a series of studies on the long-term consequences of neonatal rearing, we compared hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems in male rats reared under conditions of animal facility rearing, nonhandling (HMS0), handling with brief maternal separation for 15 min (HMS15), or handling with moderate maternal separation for 180 min (HMS180) daily from postnatal days 2-14. CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRFir) was elevated in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of adult HMS180 and HMS0 rats relative to the other groups. In the paraventricular nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and locus coeruleus, CRFir and CRF mRNA levels were significantly elevated in HMS0 and HMS180 rats. Neonatal maternal separation was associated with regionally specific alterations in CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) mRNA density in HMS180 rats. No rearing-associated differences in CRF2alpha binding were apparent in either the lateral septum or the ventromedial hypothalamus. These findings indicate that early rearing conditions can permanently alter the developmental set-point of central CRF systems, and potentially influence the expression of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress throughout life, thereby providing a possible neurobiological substrate for the relationship between early life events and increased vulnerability for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and coping skill alterations and the frequency of mood disorders in patients with a history of such experiences.

}, keywords = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Hypothalamus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, In Situ Hybridization, Male, Physical Stimulation, Pregnancy, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Reflex, Startle, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {0893-133X}, doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1300769}, author = {Plotsky, Paul M and Thrivikraman, K V and Nemeroff, Charles B and Caldji, Christian and Sharma, Shakti and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {7712, title = {Supporting the mental health of forcibly displaced childrenSupporting the mental health of forcibly displaced children: A call to action}, journal = {Nature Reviews Psychology}, volume = {4}, year = {2025}, month = {Jan-06-2025}, pages = {370 - 387}, keywords = {child mental health, forced displacement, Human behaviour, Psychiatric disorders, Psychology, Stress and resilience}, doi = {10.1038/s44159-025-00447-9}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-025-00447-9}, author = {Pluess, Michael and Brown, Felicity L. and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {6482, title = {PMNCH compendium of COVID-19 related partner resources on women{\textquoteright}s, children{\textquoteright}s and adolescents{\textquoteright} health}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In such times, it is essential to stay informed of the latest guidance and resources around COVID-19 and its effects on women, children an adolescent health, from credible sources. PMNCH has therefore developed the below compendium of resources that brings together the latest evidence-based information on women, children and adolescent health in the context of COVID-19. (See: https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2020/guidance-on-COVID-19/en/)}, keywords = {adolescents, children, COVID-19, Health, health workers, Mental Health, Women}, url = {https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2020/guidance-on-COVID-19/en/}, author = {PMNCH} } @article {6195, title = {Implementation Evaluation of the Mother-Child Education Program Among Refugee and Other Vulnerable Communities in Lebanon}, journal = {New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development}, year = {2019}, month = {Nov-09-2019}, keywords = {ACEV, Beirut, early childhood development, Lebanon, MOCEP, Refugees, responsive parenting}, issn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20314}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cad.20314}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Issa, Ghassan and Aoudeh, Lara and Maalouf, Cosette and Nourallah, Sawsan and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Zonderman, Anna Leslie and Katsovich, Liliya and Moore, Christina and Salah, Rima and Al-Soleiti, Majd and Britto, Pia Rebello and Leckman, James Frederick} } @article {6369, title = {Effects of the Mother-Child Education Program on parenting stress and disciplinary practices among refugee and other marginalized communities in Lebanon: A pilot randomized controlled trial}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-01-2020}, keywords = {disciplinary style, early childhood development and education, humanitarian crises, parental stress, parenting programs}, issn = {08908567}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2019.12.010}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856720300666?via\%3Dihub}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana A. and Issa, Ghassan and Aoudeh, Lara and Maalouf, Cosette and Hein, Sascha D. and Zonderman, Anna L. and Katsovich, Liliya and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Bick, Johanna and Awar, Abir and Nourallah, Sawsan and Householder, Sarah and Moore, Christina C. and Salah, Rima and Britto, Pia R. and Leckman, James F.} } @article {7099, title = {Exploratory analysis of decentralized governance and its implications for the equity of early childhood education services in four countries of Europe and Central Asia}, journal = {Early Years}, volume = {39}, year = {2019}, chapter = {326}, keywords = {decentralization, Early childhood education, equity, governance}, doi = {10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, author = {Ponguta, L. and Aggio, C. and Moore, K. and Hartwig, E. and Jang, B. and Markovic, J. and Hasanova, L. and Bosworth, J. and Grover, D.} } @article {5675, title = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium: Full report on the global launch}, year = {2013}, month = {September 2013}, institution = {Yale University}, address = {New Haven}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium, ECPC, peacebuilding}, url = {https://medicine.yale.edu/childstudy/fcpb/research/publications/YPPS_FINAL\%20Full\%20EPCP\%20report_28Oct2014_204527_284_28959_v2.pdf}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Zonderman, A.} } @article {5922, title = {A Conceptual Model for Youth-Led Programs as a Promising Approach to Early Childhood Care and Education}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Ponguta, Liliana Angelica
Rasheed, Muneera Abdul
Reyes, Chin Regina
Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar
Journal Article
Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):71-89. doi: 10.1002/cad.20233.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {71-89}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {The international community has set forth global targets that include calls for universal access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE), as indicated in the United Nations{\textquoteright} Sustainable Development Goals. One major impediment to achieving this target is the lack of a skilled workforce. In this paper, we argue the case for leveraging youth as an untapped resource for supplying the workforce the ECCE system needs. Youth comprise a large proportion of the global population, and historically, although youth experience higher unemployment rates than their adult counterparts, youth are important agents of social awareness, social transformation, and community mobilization in multiple global contexts. We provide a conceptual model based on developmental theories and program examples to leverage the discourse of youth-led ECCE programs as a viable option to address workforce gaps while benefiting both young children and youth.}, keywords = {*Adolescent Development, *Child Development, *Conservation of Natural Resources, *Leadership, *Program Development, *United Nations, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, early childhood care and education, early childhood development, Humans, sustainable development goals, youth}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20233}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Reyes, C. R. and Yousafzai, A. K.} } @article {7451, title = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium: Full report on the global launch}, year = {2013}, institution = {Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC)}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {early childhood development, Early Childhood Peace Consortium (ECPC), peacebuilding}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/ecpc-full-report-global-launch_Sept2013.pdf}, author = {Ponguta, LA and Zonderman, A} } @article {7098, title = {Sector-wide analysis of early childhood development and education in emergencies in Colombia and considerations to strengthen systems globally}, journal = {New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development}, volume = {2020}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-07-2020}, pages = {103 - 123}, keywords = {cross-sectoral responses, early childhood development and education in emergencies, ECDE governance, humanitarian emergencies, humanitarian programme cycle, policy formulation, sector-wide analysis}, issn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.v2020.17210.1002/cad.20367}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Arag{\'o}n, Carlos Andr{\'e}s and Varela, Lucero Ramirez and Moore, Kathryn and Hein, Sascha and Cerezo, Adrian} } @article {6095, title = {Adaptation and Application of the Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes (MELQO) Framework to Early Childhood Education Settings in Colombia}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {227}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-04-2019}, pages = {105 - 112}, issn = {2190-8370}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000361}, url = {https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/2151-2604/a000361}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Maldonado-Carre{\~n}o, Carolina and Kagan, Sharon Lynn and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Nieto, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Arag{\'o}n, Carlos Andr{\'e}s and Mateus, Angy and Rodr{\'\i}guez, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Motta, Andr{\'e}s and Varela, Lucero Ramirez and Guerrero, Paola Andrea and Escallon, Eduardo} } @article {5306, title = {A conceptual model for youth-led programs as a promising approach to Early Childhood Care and Education}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica
Rasheed, Muneera Abdul
Reyes, Chin Regina
Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):71-89. doi: 10.1002/cad.20233.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {71-89}, abstract = {The international community has set forth global targets that include calls for universal access to high-quality early childhood care and education (ECCE), as indicated in the United Nations{\textquoteright} Sustainable Development Goals. One major impediment to achieving this target is the lack of a skilled workforce. In this paper, we argue the case for leveraging youth as an untapped resource for supplying the workforce the ECCE system needs. Youth comprise a large proportion of the global population, and historically, although youth experience higher unemployment rates than their adult counterparts, youth are important agents of social awareness, social transformation, and community mobilization in multiple global contexts. We provide a conceptual model based on developmental theories and program examples to leverage the discourse of youth-led ECCE programs as a viable option to address workforce gaps while benefiting both young children and youth.}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, early childhood development, sustainable development goals, youth}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Reyes, C. R. and Yousafzai, A. K.} } @inbook {6041, title = {Early Childhood Development programs, peacebuilding, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Opportunities for interdisciplinary research and multisectoral partnerships}, volume = {74}, year = {2018}, pages = {77 - 95}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, keywords = {Bioecological risks, early childhood development, Early Childhood Peacebuilding Consortium, Global peace index, Interdisciplinary research, Multisectoral partnerships, peacebuilding, Social and human capital, Social cohesion, Sustainable development}, isbn = {978-3-319-96591-8}, issn = {1387-6570}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-96592-510.1007/978-3-319-96592-5_4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96592-5_4}, author = {Ponguta, L. A. and Donaldson, C. and Affolter, F. and Connolly, P. and Dunne, L. and Miller, S. and Britto, P. and Salah, R. and Leckman, J.}, editor = {Verma, S. and Petersen, A. C.} } @article {2376, title = {Systematic review: The exploration of the role of parenting and early learning programs in promoting positive development and peace building}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Yale Child Study Center}, address = {New Haven, CT US}, abstract = {

A systematic review of research linking early childhood development and peace building was conducted at the Yale Child Study Center and includes literature from databases and hand searching, as well as direct input from a multidisciplinary team of experts. From these sources combined, 76 articles and reports fully met the a priori criteria. This systematic review study was conducted to explore the role of parenting and early learning programs in:

  1. promoting positive development and well-being in young children,
  2. promoting peace building through improving interactions within the home and classroom, and among peers, and
  3. promoting peace building through the formation of culturally diverse parenting groups, particularly groups of fathers.
}, keywords = {early childhood development, early learning programs, Parenting, peacebuilding}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/Ponguta_L_A__SysRev_ECD\%26Peacebuilding(4).pdf}, author = {Ponguta, L. A.} } @article {7426, title = {Landscape Analysis of Early Childhood Development and Education in Emergencies}, journal = {Journal on Education in Emergencies}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-03-2022}, pages = {138}, keywords = {early childhood development, ECD;education in emergencies, EiE, landscape analysis, priority-setting processes, scoping review}, doi = {10.33682/0q2h-gbrh10.33682/w69a-bhpt}, url = {https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/63605}, author = {Ponguta, L.A. and Moore, K. and Varghese, D. and Hein, S. and Ng, A. and Alzaghoul, A.F. and Benavides Camacho, M.A. and Sethi, K. and Al-Soleiti, M.} } @article {6093, title = {Exploratory analysis of decentralized governance and its implications for the equity of early childhood education services in four countries of Europe and Central Asia}, journal = {Early Years}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-06-2020}, pages = {1 - 17}, issn = {0957-5146}, doi = {10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09575146.2019.1634009}, author = {Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Aggio, Carlos and Moore, Kathryn and Hartwig, Elisa and Jang, Bosun and Markovic, Jelena and Hasanova, Leyla and Bosworth, Joanne and Grover, Deepa} } @book {546, title = {The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology)}, year = {2011}, publisher = {W. W. Norton}, organization = {W. W. Norton}, isbn = {9780393707007}, url = {http://books.wwnorton.com/books/The-Polyvagal-Theory/}, author = {Porges, S.W.} } @article {391, title = {An evaluation of the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence Parents Raising Safe Kids program.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {32}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {147-60}, abstract = {

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Against Violence Parents Raising Safe Kids program, developed by the American Psychological Association in collaboration with the National Association for the Education of Young Children, as an economical primary prevention intervention for child maltreatment. Using an experimental design with random assignment to groups, program impact on participating parents\&$\#$39; knowledge, behavior, and attitudes compared to those of a comparison group of parents receiving standard community-based support services was examined. As hypothesized, the ACT Parents Raising Safe Kids program achieved positive results in several areas related to effective parenting, including a reduction in the use of harsh verbal and physical discipline and an increase in nurturing behavior. Positive results were observable both at the conclusion of the ACT program and at three-month follow-up. Results further indicated a positive impact on parent expectations and social support for those parents with the greatest need in these areas. Qualitative data collected through focus groups demonstrated that parents themselves perceived numerous benefits to the ACT program, including assistance in controlling their anger, learning and implementing better parenting and discipline strategies, and recognizing when their child\&$\#$39;s behavior is developmentally appropriate. Overall, findings suggest that the ACT Parents Raising Safe Kids program is a promising primary prevention strategy that can be implemented across diverse community settings.

}, keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Data Collection, Educational Measurement, Educational Status, Female, Focus Groups, Health Education, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parents, Primary Prevention, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Psychometrics, Questionnaires, Social Support, Statistics as Topic, Violence}, issn = {1573-6547}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-011-0249-5}, author = {Portwood, Sharon G and Lambert, Richard G and Abrams, Lyndon P and Nelson, Ellissa Brooks} } @article {618, title = {Markers That Matter: Success Indicators in Early Learning and Education}, year = {2013}, url = {http://www.fsg.org/publications/markers-matter}, author = {H. Preskill and N. Jones and A. Tengue} } @article {6510, title = {How to Create Screen-Life Balance When Life Has Shifted to Screens}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {New York Times}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {COVID-19, Internet, screen time}, url = {https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/24/well/mind/screen-life-balance-computers-phones-quarantine-shelter-social-distancing-virus.html?smid=em-share}, author = {Price, K} } @article {687, title = {Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The US Triple P System Population Trial}, journal = {Prevention SciencePrevention SciencePrevention Science}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, year = {2009}, note = {408gk
Times Cited:179
Cited References Count:61}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

The prevention of child maltreatment necessitates a public health approach. In the U.S. Triple P System Population Trial, 18 counties were randomly assigned to either dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program system or to the services-as-usual control condition. Dissemination involved Triple P professional training for the existing workforce (over 600 service providers), as well as universal media and communication strategies. Large effect sizes were found for three independently derived population indicators: substantiated child maltreatment, child out-of-home placements, and child maltreatment injuries. This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions.

}, keywords = {abuse, behavioral family intervention, Child maltreatment, dissemination, efficacy, home visitation, implementation, interaction therapy, outcome evaluation, Parenting, population intervention, positive parenting program, standard, support}, isbn = {1389-4986}, doi = {10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3}, author = {Prinz, R. J. and Sanders, M. R. and Shapiro, C. J. and Whitaker, D. J. and Lutzker, J. R.} } @article {6382, title = {Breaking the Cycle of Intergenerational Violence: The Promise of Psychosocial Interventions to Address Children{\textquoteright}s Exposure to Violence}, year = {2020}, institution = {Promundo}, keywords = {intergenerational violence, psychosocial interventions, violence exposure, violence prevention}, url = {https://promundoglobal.org/resources/breaking-the-cycle-of-intergenerational-violence-the-promise-of-psychosocial-interventions-to-address-childrens-exposure-to-violence/$\#$}, author = {Promundo} } @article {6058, title = {Women{\textquoteright}s groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {381}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-05-2013}, pages = {1736 - 1746}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60685-6}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673613606856https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673613606856?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673613606856?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Prost, Audrey and Colbourn, Tim and Seward, Nadine and Azad, Kishwar and Coomarasamy, Arri and Copas, Andrew and Houweling, Tanja A J and Fottrell, Edward and Kuddus, Abdul and Lewycka, Sonia and MacArthur, Christine and Manandhar, Dharma and Morrison, Joanna and Mwansambo, Charles and Nair, Nirmala and Nambiar, Bejoy and Osrin, David and Pagel, Christina and Phiri, Tambosi and Pulkki-Br{\"a}nnstr{\"o}m, Anni-Maria and Rosato, Mikey and Skordis-Worrall, Jolene and Saville, Naomi and More, Neena Shah and Shrestha, Bhim and Tripathy, Prasanta and Wilson, Amie and Costello, Anthony} } @article {455, title = {Childhood chronic physical aggression associates with adult cytokine levels in plasma.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {8}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, pages = {e69481}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of animal and human studies are indicating that inflammation is associated with behavioral disorders including aggression. This study investigates the association between chronic physical aggression during childhood and plasma cytokine levels in early adulthood.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two longitudinal studies were used to select males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence (n = 7) and a control group from the same background (n = 25). Physical aggression was assessed yearly by teachers from childhood to adolescence and plasma levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at age 26 and 28 years. Compared to the control group, males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence had consistently lower plasma levels of five cytokines: lower pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1\α (T(28.7) = 3.48, P = 0.002) and IL-6 (T(26.9) = 3.76, P = 0.001), lower anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-4 (T(27.1) = 4.91, P = 0.00004) and IL-10 (T(29.8) = 2.84, P = 0.008) and lower chemokine IL-8 (T(26) = 3.69, P = 0.001). The plasma levels of four cytokines accurately predicted aggressive and control group membership for all subjects.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Physical aggression of boys during childhood is a strong predictor of reduced plasma levels of cytokines in early adulthood. The causal and physiological relations underlying this association should be further investigated since animal data suggest that some cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1\β play a causal role in aggression.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Case-Control Studies, Child, Cytokines, Humans, Male, Young Adult}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0069481}, author = {Proven{\c c}al, Nadine and Suderman, Matthew J and Vitaro, Frank and Szyf, Moshe and Tremblay, Richard E} } @article {454, title = {The signature of maternal rearing in the methylome in rhesus macaque prefrontal cortex and T cells.}, journal = {J Neurosci}, volume = {32}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 31}, pages = {15626-42}, abstract = {

Early-life adversity is associated with a broad scope of life-long health and behavioral disorders. Particularly critical is the role of the mother. A possible mechanism is that these effects are mediated by \"epigenetic\" mechanisms. Studies in rodents suggest a causal relationship between early-life adversity and changes in DNA methylation in several \"candidate genes\" in the brain. This study examines whether randomized differential rearing (maternal vs surrogate-peer rearing) of rhesus macaques is associated with differential methylation in early adulthood. The data presented here show that differential rearing leads to differential DNA methylation in both prefrontal cortex and T cells. These differentially methylated promoters tend to cluster by both chromosomal region and gene function. The broad impact of maternal rearing on DNA methylation in both the brain and T cells supports the hypothesis that the response to early-life adversity is system-wide and genome-wide and persists to adulthood. Our data also point to the feasibility of studying the impact of the social environment in peripheral T-cell DNA methylation.

}, keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, Chromosomes, DNA Methylation, DNA, Complementary, Immunoprecipitation, In Situ Hybridization, Macaca mulatta, Male, Maternal Deprivation, Microarray Analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Prefrontal Cortex, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Social Environment, T-Lymphocytes}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1470-12.2012}, author = {Proven{\c c}al, Nadine and Suderman, Matthew J and Guillemin, Claire and Massart, Renaud and Ruggiero, Angela and Wang, Dongsha and Bennett, Allyson J and Pierre, Peter J and Friedman, David P and C{\^o}t{\'e}, Sylvana M and Hallett, Michael and Tremblay, Richard E and Suomi, Stephen J and Szyf, Moshe} } @article {5346, title = {Father{\textquoteright}s influence in the development of infant{\textquoteright}s relationships}, journal = {Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl}, volume = {344}, year = {1988}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Review
Sweden
1988/01/01 00:00
Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1988;344:43-53.}, pages = {43-53}, abstract = {Recent research on the father infant interaction has challenged the long held belief that the "most important thing a father can do for his children is to love their mother". Fathers have significant influences on the development of the infant{\textquoteright}s relationships both directly and indirectly. Certainly his greatest indirect influence is through supporting, protecting, and facilitating the maternal infant dyad when it is the primary nurturing relationship. New research from a variety of perspectives in Europe and the United States have begun to document the powerful impact that fathers have on their children directly, and not just mediated through the maternal infant dyad. The Nordic family study in Europe, and clinical research by Parke, Lamb, Yogman, and Pruett in the United States have all documented the impact on the infant of increased paternal involvement in the early years, thanks to a variety of influences. Evidence now suggests that infants are able to make direct use of the father{\textquoteright}s unique contribution to their growth and development. This contribution not only increases the repertoire of available to the infant, but appears to have its own unique meaning to the infant, who often seeks it out quite directly and aggressively. Stylistic differences between paternal and maternal nurturing, appear to be of great interest and use to the child. The close contact between father and infant does not appear to threaten maternal infant attachment. Data from an ongoing longitudinal study of primary care giving fathers in the intact families will be presented. The impact of such a rare but theoretically highly interesting phenomenon on the capacity of the infant to develop useful relationships will be highlighted with clinical materials. Finally, we shall conclude with a discussion of the question in reverse, i.e., how does the infant influence the development of the father{\textquoteright}s relationships?}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Father-Child Relations, *Infant Care, Child Rearing, Fathers/psychology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, United States}, isbn = {0300-8843 (Print)
0300-8843 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {5923, title = {Enhancing Father Involvement in Low-Income Families: A Couples Group Approach to Preventive Intervention}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {1467-8624
Pruett, Marsha Kline
Pruett, Kyle
Cowan, Carolyn Pape
Cowan, Philip A
Journal Article
Review
United States
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):398-407. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12744. Epub 2017 Feb 1.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {398-407}, edition = {2017/02/02}, abstract = {To address the problem of fathers{\textquoteright} absence from children{\textquoteright}s lives and the difficulty of paternal engagement, especially among lower income families, government agencies have given increasing attention to funding father involvement interventions. Few of these interventions have yielded promising results. Father involvement research that focuses on the couple/coparenting relationship offers a pathway to support fathers{\textquoteright} involvement while strengthening family relationships. Relevant research is reviewed and an exemplar is provided in the Supporting Father Involvement intervention and its positive effects on parental and parent-child relationships and children{\textquoteright}s outcomes. The article concludes with policy implications of this choice of target populations and the need to develop new strategies to involve fathers in the lives of their children.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Adult, Child, Couples Therapy/*methods/standards, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Poverty/*psychology}, isbn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/cdev.12744}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A.} } @book {547, title = {Partnership Parenting: How Men and Women Parent Differently--why it Helps Your Kids and Can Strengthen Your Marriage}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Da Capo Lifelong}, organization = {Da Capo Lifelong}, isbn = {9780738213262}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=C3E5-d6e8vQC}, author = {Pruett, K. D. and Pruett, M. K.} } @article {5341, title = {Latency development in children of primary nurturing fathers. Eight-year follow-up}, journal = {Psychoanal Study Child}, volume = {47}, year = {1992}, note = {Pruett, K D
Litzenberger, B
eng
1992/01/01 00:00
Psychoanal Study Child. 1992;47:85-101.}, pages = {85-101}, abstract = {This paper is an 8-year follow-up of 17 families in which fathers began as primary caretakers early in the lives of their children. The emphasis is on the developmental consequences for the children, now in the latency period, as well as their psychological experience of the father{\textquoteright}s increased significance.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, *Latency Period (Psychology), *Personality Development, *Psychoanalytic Theory, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Identification (Psychology), Infant, Male, Parenting/*psychology}, isbn = {0079-7308 (Print)
0079-7308 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D. and Litzenberger, B.} } @article {5311, title = {Enhancing Father Involvement in Low-Income Families: A Couples Group Approach to Preventive Intervention}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Pruett, Marsha Kline
Pruett, Kyle
Cowan, Carolyn Pape
Cowan, Philip A
eng
Review
2017/02/02 06:00
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):398-407. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12744. Epub 2017 Feb 1.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {398-407}, abstract = {To address the problem of fathers{\textquoteright} absence from children{\textquoteright}s lives and the difficulty of paternal engagement, especially among lower income families, government agencies have given increasing attention to funding father involvement interventions. Few of these interventions have yielded promising results. Father involvement research that focuses on the couple/coparenting relationship offers a pathway to support fathers{\textquoteright} involvement while strengthening family relationships. Relevant research is reviewed and an exemplar is provided in the Supporting Father Involvement intervention and its positive effects on parental and parent-child relationships and children{\textquoteright}s outcomes. The article concludes with policy implications of this choice of target populations and the need to develop new strategies to involve fathers in the lives of their children.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Adult, Child, Couples Therapy/*methods/standards, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parenting/*psychology, Poverty/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A.} } @inbook {7394, title = { Engaging fathers of young children in low-income families to improve child and family outcomes: A preventive intervention perspective}, booktitle = {Handbook of fathers and child development: Prenatal to preschool}, year = {2020}, pages = {627{\textendash}638}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, chapter = { Engaging fathers of young children in low-income families to improve child and family outcomes: A preventive intervention persp}, keywords = {Coparenting, Cultural and national contexts, Diverse fathers, Fathers in low-income families, Supporting Father Involvement}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51027-5_38}, author = {Pruett, K. and Pruett, M. and Fitzgerald, H. and von Klitzing, K. and Cabrera, N. and Scarano de Mendonca, J. and Skjothaung, T.} } @article {5336, title = {Role of the father}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {102}, number = {5 Suppl E}, year = {1998}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Review
1998/10/31 00:00
Pediatrics. 1998 Nov;102(5 Suppl E):1253-61.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1253-61}, abstract = {Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father-infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a long-term study of primary caregiving fathers also are presented.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Father-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, *Psychology, Child, Adult, Fathers/psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Role}, isbn = {1098-4275 (Electronic)
0031-4005 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @book {550, title = {Fatherneed: Why Father Care is as Essential as Mother Care for Your Child}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Free Press}, organization = {Free Press}, isbn = {9780684857756}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=mDpHAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {5356, title = {Home treatment for two infants who witnessed their mother{\textquoteright}s murder}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Psychiatry}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, year = {1979}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Case Reports
1979/01/01 00:00
J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1979 Autumn;18(4):647-57.}, month = {Autumn}, pages = {647-57}, keywords = {*Homicide, *Maternal Deprivation, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy/*methods, Suicide, Attempted/psychology}, isbn = {0002-7138 (Print)
0002-7138 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {688, title = {Lessons Learned From the Supporting Father Involvement Study: A Cross-Cultural Preventive Intervention for Low-Income Families With Young Children}, journal = {Journal of Social Service Research}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, month = {2009/03/04}, pages = {163-179}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {

ABSTRACT Despite the proliferation of fatherhood programs designed to promote paternal involvement and positive family outcomes, evaluations of these programs are scarce. The Supporting Father Involvement (SFI) study is a randomized clinical trial comprised of 289 low-income Spanish- and English-speaking families living in California. The evaluation design reflects a partnership stance that promotes empowerment of staff and social service agencies. This article examines lessons learned from the program\&$\#$39;s first 3 years (2002?2004) from the perspectives of both evaluators and program staff. The lessons cover a broad range of areas, including communication procedures, training, staffing, recruitment/retention, clinical needs, intervention content and process, and maintaining cultural sensitivity.

}, isbn = {0148-8376}, doi = {10.1080/01488370802678942}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Cowan, C. P. and Cowan, P. A. and Pruett, K. D.} } @book {619, title = {Father Need: Why father care is as essential as mother care for your child}, year = {2000}, pages = {256}, publisher = {Free Press}, organization = {Free Press}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

Is your child getting the right balance of nurturing care that all children need to grow into healthy adults, including the kind of care only a father can give? For years the most trusted child care experts have emphasized the mother/child bond, but this is only half the story. Kids and dads are also biologically hardwired for a different but equally important relationship. In \"Fatherneed,\" Dr. Kyle D. Pruett draws on more than two decades of highly acclaimed research at the Yale Child Study Center to offer the first complete understanding of the father\&$\#$39;s role in child and adult development. Combining real-life examples from his own child and family psychiatry practice with state-of-the-art research data, Dr. Pruett shows how fathers parent differently and why that difference is so important to a child\&$\#$39;s physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development.

}, url = {http://www.fathermag.com/news/3772-fatherneed.shtml}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {7384, title = {Enhancing Paternal Engagement in a Coparenting Paradigm}, journal = {Child Development Perspectives}, volume = {11}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-12-2017}, pages = {245 - 250}, keywords = {co-parenting, fatherhood}, doi = {10.1111/cdep.2017.11.issue-410.1111/cdep.12239}, url = {https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdep.12239}, author = {Pruett, Marsha Kline and Pruett, Kyle D. and Cowan, Carolyn P. and Cowan, Philip A.} } @article {5331, title = {Fathers, divorce, and their children}, journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, note = {Pruett, M K
Pruett, K D
eng
Case Reports
Review
1999/01/20 00:00
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 1998 Apr;7(2):389-407, viii.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {389-407, viii}, abstract = {To minimize many of the negative consequences of divorce, it is beneficial to support a father{\textquoteright}s ongoing involvement in his child{\textquoteright}s life. Although the research literature isn{\textquoteright}t unequivocal on this point, it does strongly suggest that men who are "visitors" do not have as much impact on their children and that visits are a poor substitute for having a parental figure. The answer lies in creating meaningful roles for noncustodial fathers that elevate men{\textquoteright}s opportunities to contribute to their children{\textquoteright}s overall development. One of the most important messages parents can impart to children is that some commitments outlive change and that working together in the child{\textquoteright}s best interests is one of them.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Adolescent, Child, Child Custody/*organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Divorce/*psychology, Fathers/*legislation \& jurisprudence, Female, Humans, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Parenting/*psychology, Personality Development, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {1056-4993 (Print)
1056-4993 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, M. K. and Pruett, K. D.} } @book {549, title = {Me, Myself and I: How Children Build Their Sense of Self : 18 to 36 Months}, year = {1999}, publisher = {Goddard Press}, organization = {Goddard Press}, isbn = {9780966639742}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=bVhEAAAAYAAJ}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {5351, title = {Infants of primary nurturing fathers}, journal = {Psychoanal Study Child}, volume = {38}, year = {1983}, note = {Pruett, K D
eng
Case Reports
1983/01/01 00:00
Psychoanal Study Child. 1983;38:257-77.}, pages = {257-77}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, *Object Attachment, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Identification (Psychology), Infant, Infant Care, Male}, isbn = {0079-7308 (Print)
0079-7308 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {7383, title = {Supporting Father Involvement: An Intervention With Community and Child Welfare-Referred Couples}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {68}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-02-2019}, pages = {51 - 67}, keywords = {Child Welfare, fatherhood}, doi = {10.1111/fare.2019.68.issue-110.1111/fare.12352}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fare.12352}, author = {Pruett, Marsha Kline and Cowan, Philip A. and Cowan, Carolyn Pape and Gillette, Peter and Pruett, Kyle D.} } @article {5326, title = {"Only God decides": young children{\textquoteright}s perceptions of divorce and the legal system}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {38}, number = {12}, year = {1999}, note = {Pruett, K D
Pruett, M K
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
1999/12/22 00:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;38(12):1544-50. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199912000-00016.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1544-50}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe research on perceptions of children aged 6 and younger from 21 families of their parents{\textquoteright} divorce, of its impact on their families, and of legal officials. METHOD: Semistructured play interviews were conducted during home visits as parents were conjointly interviewed as part of a larger study on divorce in legal context. RESULTS: Children had much mis-information about divorce as an event and process. What they did know was often inappropriate, frightening, and confusing. They resented how the process "ruined their parents{\textquoteright} being friends any more" and proposed reforms based on their wishes and observations. CONCLUSIONS: Greater awareness is needed of the child{\textquoteright}s desire to be heard during the process, to feel safe and less lonely, and to stay in touch with both parents and extended families. Age-appropriate explanations of psychological and legal aspects of the divorce process are likely to support children{\textquoteright}s positive adjustment and mental health.}, keywords = {*Social Perception, Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Child Behavior/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Divorce/*legislation \& jurisprudence/*psychology, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Psychology, Child, Social Adjustment}, isbn = {0890-8567 (Print)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Pruett, K. D. and Pruett, M. K.} } @book {548, title = {The Nurturing Father: Journey Toward the Complete Man}, year = {1987}, publisher = {Warner Books}, organization = {Warner Books}, isbn = {9780446386630}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=CoA8PwAACAAJ}, author = {Pruett, K. D.} } @article {4716, title = {The impact of a family skills training intervention among Burmese migrant families in Thailand: A randomized controlled trial}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {Puffer, Eve S
Annan, Jeannie
Sim, Amanda L
Salhi, Carmel
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Randomized Controlled Trial
2017/03/30 06:00
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 28;12(3):e0172611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172611. eCollection 2017.}, pages = {e0172611}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a family-based intervention delivered to Burmese migrant families displaced in Thailand on parenting and family functioning. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES: Participants included 479 Burmese migrant families from 20 communities in Thailand. Families, including 513 caregivers and 479 children aged 7 to 15 years, were randomized to treatment and waitlist control groups. The treatment group received a 12-session family-based intervention delivered to groups of families by lay facilitators. Adapted standardized and locally derived measures were administered before and after the intervention to assess parent-child relationship quality, discipline practices, and family functioning. RESULTS: Compared with controls, intervention families demonstrated improved quality of parent-child interactions on scales of parental warmth and affection (Effect size (ES) = 0.25 caregivers; 0.26 children, both p < 0.05) and negative relationship quality (ES = -0.37, p < 0.001 caregivers; -0.22 children, p < 0.05). Both children and caregivers also reported an effect on relationship quality based on a locally derived measure (ES = 0.40 caregivers, p < .001; 0.43 children, p < .05). Family functioning was improved, including family cohesion (ES = 0.46 caregivers; 0.36 children; both p < 0.001) and decreased negative interactions (ES = -0.30 caregivers, p < 0.01; -0.24 children, p < 0.05). Family communication also improved according to children only (ES = 0.29, p < 0.01). Caregivers, but not children, reported decreased harsh discipline (ES = -0.39, p < 0.001), and no effects were observed on use of positive discipline strategies. Treatment attendance was high, with participants attending a mean of 9.7 out of 12 sessions. CONCLUSION: The intervention increased protective aspects of family well-being for migrant children and caregivers in a middle-income country. The strongest effects were on parent-child relationship quality and family functioning, while results were mixed on changes in discipline practices. Results suggest that a behavioral family-based approach implemented by lay providers in community settings is a promising intervention approach for strengthening families in highly stressed contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01668992.}, keywords = {*Emigrants and Immigrants, *Parent-Child Relations, *Parenting, *Transients and Migrants, Adolescent, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, Caregivers/education, Child, Family Characteristics, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Myanmar/ethnology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parents/*education, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thailand}, isbn = {1932-6203 (Electronic)
1932-6203 (Linking)}, author = {Puffer, E. S. and Annan, J. and Sim, A. L. and Salhi, C. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @inbook {5665, title = {Mental health and development among children living in violent conditions: Underlying processes for promoting peace}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {213 - 232}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {12}, abstract = {Peacebuilding is believed to be especially challenging among children who themselves fall victims to collective and interpersonal violence. An intriguing question is whether a focus on trauma, and on healing its negative impacts, is necessary for peacebuilding and societally harmonious human development. Some argue that suffering, pain, and injustice must be recognized and healed if peaceful and harmonious development is to be enabled; others emphasize the importance of positive outcomes despite violence. This chapter analyzes how forms of violence (military and domestic) influence the social, emotional, and cognitive development of children. Particular attention is given to the risks and negative impacts as well as the positive protective processes that promote meaningfulness. It also discusses how psychosocial interventions can enhance positive and peace-enhancing development in community and family domains. The core issue is to create political, societal, and cultural preconditions that will facilitate children{\textquoteright}s mental growth and generative resilience despite violence.}, keywords = {childhood development, early childhood interventions, peacebuilding, Trauma, Violence}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0012}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Punam{\"a}ki, Raija-Leena}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {4691, title = {Focused psychosocial interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {6}, number = {4}, year = {2018}, note = {Purgato, Marianna
Gross, Alden L
Betancourt, Theresa
Bolton, Paul
Bonetto, Chiara
Gastaldon, Chiara
Gordon, James
O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, Paul
Papola, Davide
Peltonen, Kirsi
Punamaki, Raija-Leena
Richards, Justin
Staples, Julie K
Unterhitzenberger, Johanna
van Ommeren, Mark
de Jong, Joop
Jordans, Mark J D
Tol, Wietse A
Barbui, Corrado
eng
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
England
2018/03/14 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Apr;6(4):e390-e400. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30046-9.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e390-e400}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Results from studies evaluating the effectiveness of focused psychosocial support interventions in children exposed to traumatic events in humanitarian settings in low-income and middle-income countries have been inconsistent, showing varying results by setting and subgroup (eg, age or gender). We aimed to assess the effectiveness of these interventions, and to explore which children are likely to benefit most. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from 3143 children recruited to 11 randomised controlled trials of focused psychosocial support interventions versus waiting list. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and the main local low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) databases according to the list of databases relevant to LMIC developed collaboratively by Cochrane and WHO Library, up to November, 2016. We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of focused psychosocial support interventions in children exposed to traumatic events in LMICs, compared with waiting lists (eg, inactive controls). We excluded quasi-randomised trials, studies that did not focus on psychosocial support interventions, and studies that compared two active interventions without control conditions. We requested anonymised data from each trial for each of the prespecified variables for each child who was randomly assigned. The main outcomes considered were continuous scores in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms assessed with rating scales administered immediately (0-4 weeks) after the intervention. We harmonised all individual items from rating scales using item response theory methods. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42013006960. FINDINGS: We identified a beneficial effect of focused psychosocial support interventions on PTSD symptoms (standardised mean difference [SMD] -0.33, 95\% CI -0.52 to -0.14) that was maintained at follow-up (-0.21, -0.42 to -0.01). We also identified benefits at the endpoint for functional impairment (-0.29, -0.43 to -0.15) and for strengths: coping (-0.22, -0.43 to -0.02), hope (-0.29, -0.48 to -0.09), and social support (-0.27, -0.52 to -0.02). In IPD meta-analyses focused on age, gender, displacement status, region, and household size we found a stronger improvement in PTSD symptoms in children aged 15-18 years (-0.43, -0.63 to -0.23), in non-displaced children (-0.40, -0.52 to -0.27), and in children living in smaller households (<6 members; -0.27, -0.42 to -0.11). INTERPRETATION: Overall, focused psychosocial interventions are effective in reducing PTSD and functional impairment, and in increasing hope, coping, and social support. Future studies should focus on strengthening interventions for younger children, displaced children, and children living in larger households. FUNDING: European Commission FP7th Framework Programme for Research (Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship) and the National Institute on Aging.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Developing Countries, Child, Humans, Psychotherapy/*methods, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*prevention \& control, Treatment Outcome}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Purgato, M. and Gross, A. L. and Betancourt, T. and Bolton, P. and Bonetto, C. and Gastaldon, C. and Gordon, J. and O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, P. and Papola, D. and Peltonen, K. and Punamaki, R. L. and Richards, J. and Staples, J. K. and Unterhitzenberger, J. and van Ommeren, M. and de Jong, J. and Jordans, M. J. D. and Tol, W. A. and Barbui, C.} } @article {868, title = {Changing antisocial behavior patterns in young boys: A structured cooperative learning approach}, journal = {Education and Treatment of Children}, volume = {25}, year = {2002}, month = {11/2002}, pages = {380-395}, chapter = {380}, abstract = {

This study examined the effectiveness of using a structured cooperative learning approach to increase appropriate behaviors of young boys who were identified as being at risk for the development of antisocial behavior problems. Students received a six-week cooperative learning intervention using positive peer role models to teach interpersonal problem-solving skills through the combined use of cognitive and behavioral techniques. Results show a significant increase in academic engaged time; however, the intervention failed to produce significantly lower rates of externalizing antisocial behaviors or negative playground interactions.

}, keywords = {antisocial behavior, cooperative learning, young boys at risk}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/42899718}, author = {Quinn, M.M.} } @article {456, title = {Transgenerational impact of intimate partner violence on methylation in the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor.}, journal = {Transl Psychiatry}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {e21}, abstract = {

Prenatal exposure to maternal stress can have lifelong implications for psychological function, such as behavioral problems and even the development of mental illness. Previous research suggests that this is due to transgenerational epigenetic programming of genes operating in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, it is not known whether intrauterine exposure to maternal stress affects the epigenetic state of these genes beyond infancy. Here, we analyze the methylation status of the GR gene in mothers and their children, at 10-19 years after birth. We combine these data with a retrospective evaluation of maternal exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Methylation of the mother\&$\#$39;s GR gene was not affected by IPV. For the first time, we show that methylation status of the GR gene of adolescent children is influenced by their mother\&$\#$39;s experience of IPV during pregnancy. As these sustained epigenetic modifications are established in utero, we consider this to be a plausible mechanism by which prenatal stress may program adult psychosocial function.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, DNA Methylation, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Female, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Retrospective Studies, Sexual Partners, Violence, Young Adult}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2011.21}, author = {Radtke, K M and Ruf, M and Gunter, H M and Dohrmann, K and Schauer, M and Meyer, A and Elbert, T} } @article {5687, title = {Child trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation: a review of promising prevention policies and programs}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {83}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
eng
Review
2013/10/30 06:00
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2013 Oct;83(4):559-75. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12056.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {559-75}, abstract = {Child trafficking, including commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), is one of the fastest growing and most lucrative criminal activities in the world. The global enslavement of children affects countless numbers of victims who are trafficked within their home countries or transported away from their homes and treated as commodities to be bought, sold, and resold for labor or sexual exploitation. All over the world, girls are particularly likely to be trafficked into the sex trade: Girls and women constitute 98\% of those who are trafficked for CSE. Health and safety standards in exploitative settings are generally extremely low, and the degree of experienced violence has been linked with adverse physical, psychological, and social-emotional development. The human-rights-based approach to child trafficking provides a comprehensive conceptual framework whereby victim-focused and law enforcement responses can be developed, implemented, and evaluated. This article highlights promising policies and programs designed to prevent child trafficking and CSE by combating demand for sex with children, reducing supply, and strengthening communities. The literature reviewed includes academic publications as well as international and governmental and nongovernmental reports. Implications for social policy and future research are presented.}, keywords = {*Human Rights, *Sex Work, Child, child trafficking, children, Commercial sexual exploitation, Female, gender equality, Human Trafficking/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, human-rights-based approach, Humans, migration, policy, sexually transmitted diseases, slavery, smuggling}, isbn = {1939-0025 (Electronic)
0002-9432 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y.} } @article {5686, title = {Challenges to the rapid identification of children who have been trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {52}, year = {2016}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
eng
Review
England
2016/01/01 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2016 Feb;52:158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.015. Epub 2015 Dec 22.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {158-68}, abstract = {Child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) is a complex phenomenon, requiring multifaceted programs and policies by various stakeholders. A number of publications have focused on preventing this heinous crime. Less attention, however, has been paid to the recovery and rehabilitation of children who have been traumatized as a result of being trafficked for CSE. This article focuses on the first step in the protection and recovery process, which is to ensure that procedures are in place for their identification, so that they might access timely and appropriate assistance. It highlights three situational and two child-related challenges to identification. In addition, it describes the additional victimization experienced by children who are wrongly arrested for crimes associated with prostitution or illegal border crossings, rather than being identified as victims. An extensive literature review was conducted, and included academic publications, as well as governmental and non-governmental reports. In addition, field-based qualitative research was undertaken in South and Southeast Asia, and involved interviews with representatives from United Nations and governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and aftercare recovery programs.}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, child trafficking, Commercial sexual exploitation, Female, Global Health/legislation \& jurisprudence, Government Regulation, Human Trafficking/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \& control, Humans, Male, Sex Work/legislation \& jurisprudence, Terminology as Topic}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y.} } @article {5690, title = {The impact of homelessness on children}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {46}, number = {11}, year = {1991}, note = {Rafferty, Y
Shinn, M
eng
R01MH46116/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
Review
1991/11/01 00:00
Am Psychol. 1991 Nov;46(11):1170-9.}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1170-9}, abstract = {This article reviews and critiques community-based research on the effects of homelessness on children. Homeless children confront serious threats to their ability to succeed and their future well-being. Of particular concern are health problems, hunger, poor nutrition, developmental delays, anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, and educational underachievement. Factors that may mediate the observed outcomes include inadequate shelter conditions, instability in residences and shelters, inadequate services, and barriers to accessing services that are available. Public policy initiatives are needed to meet the needs of homeless children.}, keywords = {*Life Change Events, *Personality Development, *Psychosocial Deprivation, Adolescent, Child, Chronic Disease/*psychology, Homeless Persons/*psychology, Humans, Public Policy, Risk Factors, United States}, isbn = {0003-066X (Print)
0003-066X (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y. and Shinn, M.} } @article {5685, title = {Mental health services as a vital component of psychosocial recovery for victims of child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {88}, number = {3}, year = {2018}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
eng
2017/04/11 06:00
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2018;88(3):249-260. doi: 10.1037/ort0000268. Epub 2017 Apr 10.}, pages = {249-260}, abstract = {There has been a plethora of outcomes associated with child trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation; however little attention has been paid to how outcomes are addressed for children who are placed into residential aftercare recovery programs following their identification as victims. Field-based qualitative research was undertaken in South and Southeast Asia, and involved interviews with 213 representatives from U.N. and governmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and residential aftercare recovery programs. Findings highlight the mental health needs of child victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation, describe the availability and quality of mental health services and supports in aftercare programs to address prevailing needs and repair the psychological damage caused by trafficking, and report on lessons learned pertaining to elements of good practice and related challenges associated with the availability and quality of mental health services and supports. It concludes by highlighting the implications of the findings for mental health policy and practice and offers suggestions for further research. (PsycINFO Database Record}, isbn = {1939-0025 (Electronic)
0002-9432 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y.} } @article {5689, title = {Maternal depression and parental distress among families in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project: Risk factors within the family setting}, journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
Griffin, Kenneth W
Robokos, Dimitra
eng
2010/09/01 00:00
Infant Ment Health J. 2010 Sep;31(5):543-569. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20271.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {543-569}, abstract = {This study examined the influence of risk factors within the family environment (inadequate resources, insufficient caregiving support from child{\textquoteright}s father, higher family conflict) on maternal well being (depression and parental distress) using a longitudinal panel research design. Participants consisted of 2,040 low-income mothers of young children enrolled in the Early Head Start (EHS) Research and Evaluation Project. Findings indicated that greater family resources at 14 months had a protective effect on maternal well-being at 36 months, controlling for demographic variables and maternal well-being at 14 months. Furthermore, the effect of family resources on maternal well-being was moderated by father caregiving support, such that family resources were protective, particularly when father caregiving support was lower. Family conflict at 14 months was associated with lower maternal well-being at 36 months, controlling for demographic variables and maternal well-being at 14 months. Our findings suggest that low-income mothers need the support and resources of programs such as EHS to overcome the hurdles and challenges of parenting in high-risk settings. Implications for clinical practice and EHS are discussed.}, isbn = {1097-0355 (Electronic)
0163-9641 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y. and Griffin, K. W. and Robokos, D.} } @article {5688, title = {Adolescent motherhood and developmental outcomes of children in early head start: the influence of maternal parenting behaviors, well-being, and risk factors within the family setting}, journal = {Am J Orthopsychiatry}, volume = {81}, number = {2}, year = {2011}, note = {Rafferty, Yvonne
Griffin, Kenneth W
Lodise, Michelle
eng
2011/04/14 06:00
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2011 Apr;81(2):228-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01092.x.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {228-45}, abstract = {This longitudinal study examined the influence of parenting behaviors, well-being, and risk factors of low-income adolescent mothers on the cognitive and language abilities of children from infancy to age 3. Participants consisted of 1,240 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. Data were collected using structured interviews with the mothers and from videotaped mother-child interactions during play activities when children were approximately 14 months old and again at 36 months of age. Positive parenting behaviors exhibited toward the 14-month-old children predicted gains in both cognitive and language abilities more so than did maternal well-being, risk factors within the family setting, and demographic risk factors. Gains in cognitive abilities from infancy to age 3 were predicted by supportive parenting, higher family resources, and lower family conflict when children were infants. Gains in language abilities were predicted by supportive parenting, support for language and learning in the home environment, and higher family resources when children were infants. Finally, path analyses showed that maternal age had an indirect effect on child cognitive and language abilities at age 3 through effects on parenting behaviors. Older mothers were more likely to be supportive during play at age 14 months, which in turn promoted enhanced developmental outcomes at age 3. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Mother-Child Relations, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior/*psychology, Mothers/*psychology, Parenting/*psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Play and Playthings, Risk Factors}, isbn = {1939-0025 (Electronic)
0002-9432 (Linking)}, author = {Rafferty, Y. and Griffin, K. W. and Lodise, M.} } @article {5924, title = {Cohort profile: The Mauritius Child Health Project}, journal = {Int J EpidemiolInt }, volume = {39}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {1464-3685
Raine, Adrian
Liu, Jianghong
Venables, Peter H
Mednick, Sarnoff A
Dalais, C
Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec;39(6):1441-51. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp341. Epub 2009 Dec 7.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {1441-51}, edition = {2009/12/10}, keywords = {*Epidemiologic Research Design, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Developing Countries, Female, Health Promotion/*methods, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mauritius/epidemiology, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology/*prevention \& control, Mental Health, Parents/psychology, Psychological Tests, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Young Adult}, isbn = {0300-5771}, doi = {10.1093/ije/dyp341}, author = {Raine, A. and Liu, J. and Venables, P. H. and Mednick, S. A. and Dalais, C.} } @article {689, title = {Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics}, journal = {Terrorism and Political ViolenceTerrorism and Political ViolenceTerrorism and Political Violence}, volume = {27}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, note = {Cp3zh
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:1}, pages = {791-792}, isbn = {0954-6553}, doi = {10.1080/09546553.2015.1068098}, author = {Rak, J.} } @article {5381, title = {Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: a prospective population study}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {365}, number = {9478}, year = {2005}, note = {Ramchandani, Paul
Stein, Alan
Evans, Jonathan
O{\textquoteright}Connor, Thomas G
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2005/06/28 09:00
Lancet. 2005 Jun 25-Jul 1;365(9478):2201-5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66778-5.}, month = {Jun 25-Jul 1}, pages = {2201-5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is common and frequently affects mothers and fathers of young children. Postnatal depression in mothers affects the quality of maternal care, and can lead to disturbances in their children{\textquoteright}s social, behavioural, cognitive, and physical development. However, the effect of depression in fathers during the early years of a child{\textquoteright}s life has received little attention. METHODS: As part of a large, population-based study of childhood, we assessed the presence of depressive symptoms in mothers (n=13,351) and fathers (n=12,884) 8 weeks after the birth of their child with the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Fathers were reassessed at 21 months. We identified any subsequent development of behavioural and emotional problems in their children (n=10,024) at age 3.5 years with maternal reports on the Rutter revised preschool scales. FINDINGS: Information was available for 8431 fathers, 11,833 mothers, and 10,024 children. Depression in fathers during the postnatal period was associated with adverse emotional and behavioural outcomes in children aged 3.5 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.09, 95\% CI 1.42-3.08), and an increased risk of conduct problems in boys (2.66, 1.67-4.25). These effects remained even after controlling for maternal postnatal depression and later paternal depression. INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate that paternal depression has a specific and persisting detrimental effect on their children{\textquoteright}s early behavioural and emotional development.}, keywords = {*Father-Child Relations, Child Behavior Disorders/*etiology, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder/*complications, Fathers/*psychology, Female, Humans, Infant Care, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Ramchandani, P. and Stein, A. and Evans, J. and O{\textquoteright}Connor, T. G. and Alspac study team} } @article {457, title = {Do early father-infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {54}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan}, pages = {56-64}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Factors related to parents and parenting capacities are important predictors of the development of behavioural problems in children. Recently, there has been an increasing research focus in this field on the earliest years of life, however, relatively few studies have addressed the role of fathers, despite this appearing to be particularly pertinent to child behavioural development. This study aimed to examine whether father-infant interactions at age 3\ months independently predicted child behavioural problems at 1\ year of age.

METHOD: A sample of 192 families was recruited from two maternity units in the United Kingdom. Father-infant interactions were assessed in the family home and coded using the global rating scales. Child behaviour problems were assessed by maternal report. Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between father-infant interaction and the development of behavioural problems.

RESULTS: Disengaged and remote interactions between fathers and their infants were found to predict externalising behavioural problems at the age of 1\ year. The children of the most disengaged fathers had an increased risk of developing early externalising behavioural problems [disengaged (nonintrusive) interactions--adjusted odds ratio 5.33 (95\% confidence interval; 1.39, 20.40): remote interactions adj. OR 3.32 (0.92, 12.05)].

CONCLUSIONS: Disengaged interactions of fathers with their infants, as early as the third month of life, predict early behavioural problems in children. These interactions may be critical factors to address, from a very early age in the child\&$\#$39;s life, and offer a potential opportunity for preventive intervention.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child Behavior Disorders, Father-Child Relations, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sex Factors}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02583.x}, author = {Ramchandani, P. G. and Domoney, J. and Sethna, V. and Psychogiou, L. and Vlachos, H. and Murray, L.} } @article {5925, title = {Epigenetic Alterations Associated with War Trauma and Childhood Maltreatment}, journal = {Behav Sci Law}, volume = {33}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, note = {1099-0798
Ramo-Fernandez, Laura
Schneider, Anna
Wilker, Sarah
Kolassa, Iris-Tatjana
Journal Article
Review
United States
Behav Sci Law. 2015 Oct;33(5):701-21. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2200. Epub 2015 Sep 11.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {701-21}, edition = {2015/09/12}, abstract = {Survivors of war trauma or childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for trauma-spectrum disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, traumatic stress has been associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine and the immune system, enhancing the risk for physical diseases. Traumatic experiences might even affect psychological as well as biological parameters in the next generation, i.e. traumatic stress might have transgenerational effects. This article outlines how epigenetic processes, which represent a pivotal biological mechanism for dynamic adaptation to environmental challenges, might contribute to the explanation of the long-lasting and transgenerational effects of trauma. In particular, epigenetic alterations in genes regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the immune system have been observed in survivors of childhood and adult trauma. These changes could result in enduring alterations of the stress response as well as the physical health risk. Furthermore, the effects of parental trauma could be transmitted to the next generation by parental distress and the pre- and postnatal environment, as well as by epigenetic marks transmitted via the germline. While epigenetic research has a high potential of advancing our understanding of the consequences of trauma, the findings have to be interpreted with caution, as epigenetics only represent one piece of a complex puzzle of interacting biological and environmental factors. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, keywords = {*Child Abuse, *Warfare, Adult, Child, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*genetics/psychology}, isbn = {0735-3936}, doi = {10.1002/bsl.2200}, author = {Ramo-Fernandez, L. and Schneider, A. and Wilker, S. and Kolassa, I. T.} } @article {5621, title = {United our strengths for peace, politics, partnership and people: Report of the High-level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {https://peaceoperationsreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/HIPPO_Report_1_June_2015.pdf}, author = {Ramos-Horta, J. and Haq, A. and Arnault, J. and Baricako, M. and Coomaraswamy, R. and Guha, A. and Hughes, A. and Ilitchev, A. and Johnson, H. F. and Mahmoud, Y. and Martin, I. and Mensa-Bonsu, H. J. and Pascoe, B. L. and Neto, F. P. and Salah, R. and Xuexian, W.} } @article {458, title = {Comparing the validity of the self reporting questionnaire and the Afghan symptom checklist: dysphoria, aggression, and gender in transcultural assessment of mental health.}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {206}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: The relative performance of local and international assessment instruments is subject to ongoing discussion in transcultural research on mental health and psychosocial support. We examined the construct and external validity of two instruments, one developed for use in Afghanistan, the other developed by the World Health Organization for use in resource-poor settings.

METHODS: We used data collected on 1003 Afghan adults (500 men, 503 women) randomly sampled at three sites in Afghanistan. We compared the 22-item Afghan Symptom Checklist (ASCL), a culturally-grounded assessment of psychosocial wellbeing, with Pashto and Dari versions of the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). We derived subscales using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) and tested total and subscale scores for external validity with respect to lifetime trauma and household wealth using block model regressions.

RESULTS: EFA suggested a three-factor structure for SRQ-20--somatic complaints, negative affect, and emotional numbing--and a two-factor structure for ASCL--jigar khun (dysphoria) and aggression. Both factor models were supported by CFA in separate subsamples. Women had higher scores for each of the five subscales than men (p \< 0.001), and larger bivariate associations with trauma (rs .24 to .29, and .10 to .19, women and men respectively) and household wealth (rs -.27 to -.39, and .05 to -.22, respectively). The three SRQ-20 subscales and the ASCL jigar khun subscale were equally associated with variance in trauma exposures. However, interactions between gender and jigar khun suggested that, relative to SRQ-20, the jigar khun subscale was more strongly associated with household wealth for women; similarly, gender interactions with aggression indicated that the aggression subscale was more strongly associated with trauma and wealth.

CONCLUSIONS: Two central elements of Afghan conceptualizations of mental distress--aggression and the syndrome jigar khun--were captured by the ASCL and not by the SRQ-20. The appropriateness of the culturally-grounded instrument was more salient for women, indicating that the validity of instruments may be gender-differentiated. Transcultural validation processes for tools measuring mental distress need to explicitly take gender into account. Culturally relevant measures are worth developing for long-term psychosocial programming.

}, keywords = {Adult, Afghanistan, Aged, Aggression, Checklist, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Self Report}, issn = {1471-244X}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-14-206}, author = {Rasmussen, Andrew and Ventevogel, Peter and Sancilio, Amelia and Eggerman, Mark and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {7376, title = {Working through resistance in engaging boys and men towards gender equality and progressive masculinities}, journal = {Culture, Health \& Sexuality}, volume = {17}, year = {2015}, month = {Apr-10-2016}, pages = {144 - 158}, keywords = {gender equality, money, race, South Africa, tradition, working with men}, issn = {1369-1058}, doi = {10.1080/13691058.2015.1048527}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2015.1048527}, author = {Ratele, Kopano} } @article {5136, title = {Promotion of children{\textquoteright}s rights and prevention of child maltreatment}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {373}, number = {9660}, year = {2009}, note = {Reading, Richard
Bissell, Susan
Goldhagen, Jeffrey
Harwin, Judith
Masson, Judith
Moynihan, Sian
Parton, Nigel
Pais, Marta Santos
Thoburn, June
Webb, Elspeth
eng
England
2008/12/06 09:00
Lancet. 2009 Jan 24;373(9660):332-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61709-2. Epub 2008 Dec 4.}, month = {Jan 24}, pages = {332-43}, abstract = {In medical literature, child maltreatment is considered as a public-health problem or an issue of harm to individuals, but less frequently as a violation of children{\textquoteright}s human rights. Public-health approaches emphasise monitoring, prevention, cost-effectiveness, and population strategies; protective approaches concentrate on the legal and professional response to cases of maltreatment. Both approaches have been associated with improvement in outcomes for children, yet maltreatment remains a major global problem. We describe how children{\textquoteright}s rights provide a different perspective on child maltreatment, and contribute to both public-health and protective responses. Children{\textquoteright}s rights as laid out in the UN convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC) provide a framework for understanding child maltreatment as part of a range of violence, harm, and exploitation of children at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Rights of participation and provision are as important as rights of protection. The principles embodied in the UNCRC are concordant with those of medical ethics. The greatest strength of an approach based on the UNCRC is that it provides a legal instrument for implementing policy, accountability, and social justice, all of which enhance public-health responses. Incorporation of the principles of the UNCRC into laws, research, public-health policy, and professional training and practice will result in further progress in the area of child maltreatment.}, keywords = {*Health Promotion, Child, Child Abuse/ethics/*prevention \& control, Child Welfare/economics/trends, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Human Rights/economics/*legislation \& jurisprudence/standards, Humans, Poverty, Public Health/ethics/*standards/trends, Risk Factors, United Nations/ethics}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Reading, R. and Bissell, S. and Goldhagen, J. and Harwin, J. and Masson, J. and Moynihan, S. and Parton, N. and Pais, M. S. and Thoburn, J. and Webb, E.} } @article {459, title = {Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in low-income and middle-income countries: risk and protective factors.}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {379}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan 21}, pages = {250-65}, abstract = {

Children and adolescents who are forcibly displaced represent almost half the world\&$\#$39;s internally displaced and refugee populations. We undertook a two-part systematic search and review of the evidence-base for individual, family, community, and societal risk and protective factors for the mental health outcomes of children and adolescents. Here we review data for displacement to low-income and middle-income settings. We draw together the main findings from reports to identify important issues and establish recommendations for future work. We draw attention to exposure to violence as a well established risk factor for poor mental health. We note the paucity of research into predictor variables other than those in the individual domain and the neglect of other variables for the assessment of causal associations, including potential mediators and moderators identifiable in longitudinal work. We conclude with research and policy recommendations to guide the development and assessment of effective interventions.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Psychology, Adolescent, Psychology, Child, Refugees, War}, issn = {1474-547X}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60050-0}, author = {Reed, R. V. and Fazel, M. and Jones, L. and Panter-Brick, C. and Stein, A.} } @article {7358, title = {Family engagement in early learning opportunities at home and in early childhood education centers in Colombia}, journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly}, volume = {58}, year = {2022}, month = {Jan-31-2022}, pages = {35 - 46}, keywords = {Colombia, Early childhood education, family interventions}, issn = {08852006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.08.002}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885200621000946}, author = {Rey-Guerra, Catalina and Maldonado-Carre{\~n}o, Carolina and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Nieto, Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu} } @article {5927, title = {Age 26 cost-benefit analysis of the child-parent center early education program}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {82}, number = {1}, year = {2011}, note = {1467-8624
Reynolds, Arthur J
Temple, Judy A
White, Barry A B
Ou, Suh-Ruu
Robertson, Dylan L
R01 HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Child Dev. 2011 Jan-Feb;82(1):379-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01563.x.}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {379-404}, edition = {2011/02/05}, abstract = {Using data collected up to age 26 in the Chicago Longitudinal Study, this cost-benefit analysis of the Child-Parent Centers (CPC) is the first for a sustained publicly funded early intervention. The program provides services for low-income families beginning at age 3 in 20 school sites. Kindergarten and school-age services are provided up to age 9 (third grade). Findings from a complete cohort of over 1,400 program and comparison group participants indicated that the CPCs had economic benefits in 2007 dollars that exceeded costs. The preschool program provided a total return to society of $10.83 per dollar invested (18\% annual return). The primary sources of benefits were increased earnings and tax revenues and averted criminal justice system costs. The school-age program had a societal return of $3.97 per dollar invested (10\% annual return). The extended intervention program (4-6 years) had a societal return of $8.24 (18\% annual return). Estimates were robust across a wide range of analyses including Monte Carlo simulations. Males, 1-year preschool participants, and children from higher risk families derived greater benefits. Findings provide strong evidence that sustained programs can contribute to well-being for individuals and society.}, keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Chicago, Child, Child Welfare/economics, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics, Crime/economics/prevention \& control, Early Intervention (Education)/*economics, Education, Special/economics, Education/*economics, Female, Financing, Government/*economics, Humans, Income, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Poverty/*economics, Prospective Studies, Remedial Teaching/economics, Translational Medical Research, Young Adult}, isbn = {0009-3920}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01563.x}, author = {Reynolds, A. J. and Temple, J. A. and White, B. A. and Ou, S. R. and Robertson, D. L.} } @article {5926, title = {Effects of a school-based, early childhood intervention on adult health and well-being: a 19-year follow-up of low-income families}, journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med}, volume = {161}, number = {8}, year = {2007}, note = {Reynolds, Arthur J
Temple, Judy A
Ou, Suh-Ruu
Robertson, Dylan L
Mersky, Joshua P
Topitzes, James W
Niles, Michael D
R01 HD034294/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
R01HD034294-11/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Aug;161(8):730-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {730-9}, edition = {2007/08/08}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of an established preventive intervention on the health and well-being of an urban cohort in young adulthood. DESIGN: Follow-up of a nonrandomized alternative-intervention matched-group cohort at age 24 years. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1539 low-income participants who enrolled in the Child-Parent Center program in 20 sites or in an alternative kindergarten intervention. INTERVENTIONS: The Child-Parent Center program provides school-based educational enrichment and comprehensive family services from preschool to third grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Educational attainment, adult arrest and incarceration, health status and behavior, and economic well-being. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison group and adjusted for many covariates, Child-Parent Center preschool participants had higher rates of school completion (63.7\% vs 71.4\%, respectively; P = .01) and attendance in 4-year colleges as well as more years of education. They were more likely to have health insurance coverage (61.5\% vs 70.2\%, respectively; P = .005). Preschool graduates relative to the comparison group also had lower rates of felony arrests (16.5\% vs 21.1\%, respectively; P = .02), convictions, incarceration (20.6\% vs 25.6\%, respectively; P = .03), depressive symptoms (12.8\% vs 17.4\%, respectively; P=.06), and out-of-home placement. Participation in both preschool and school-age intervention relative to the comparison group was associated with higher rates of full-time employment (42.7\% vs 36.4\%, respectively; P = .04), higher levels of educational attainment, lower rates of arrests for violent offenses, and lower rates of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a school-based intervention beginning in preschool was associated with a wide range of positive outcomes. Findings provide evidence that established early education programs can have enduring effects on general well-being into adulthood.}, keywords = {*Social Behavior, *Urban Population, Adolescent, Adult, African Americans/education/*psychology, Chicago, Child, Crime/ethnology/legislation \& jurisprudence, Early Intervention (Education)/*organization \& administration, Educational Status, Employment, Family Health/*ethnology, Female, Hispanic Americans/education/*psychology, Holistic Health, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups/education/*psychology, Parents/*education, Poverty Areas, Poverty/*ethnology, Program Evaluation, Prospective Studies, Schools/*organization \& administration, Socioeconomic Factors, Universities}, isbn = {1072-4710 (Print)
1072-4710}, doi = {10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730}, author = {Reynolds, A. J. and Temple, J. A. and Ou, S. R. and Robertson, D. L. and Mersky, J. P. and Topitzes, J. W. and Niles, M. D.} } @article {5928, title = {Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {1474-547x
Richter, Linda M
Daelmans, Bernadette
Lombardi, Joan
Heymann, Jody
Boo, Florencia Lopez
Behrman, Jere R
Lu, Chunling
Lucas, Jane E
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Dua, Tarun
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Stenberg, Karin
Gertler, Paul
Darmstadt, Gary L
Paper 3 Working Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
001/World Health Organization/International
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):103-118. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31698-1. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {103-118}, edition = {2016/10/09}, abstract = {Building on long-term benefits of early intervention (Paper 2 of this Series) and increasing commitment to early childhood development (Paper 1 of this Series), scaled up support for the youngest children is essential to improving health, human capital, and wellbeing across the life course. In this third paper, new analyses show that the burden of poor development is higher than estimated, taking into account additional risk factors. National programmes are needed. Greater political prioritisation is core to scale-up, as are policies that afford families time and financial resources to provide nurturing care for young children. Effective and feasible programmes to support early child development are now available. All sectors, particularly education, and social and child protection, must play a role to meet the holistic needs of young children. However, health provides a critical starting point for scaling up, given its reach to pregnant women, families, and young children. Starting at conception, interventions to promote nurturing care can feasibly build on existing health and nutrition services at limited additional cost. Failure to scale up has severe personal and social consequences. Children at elevated risk for compromised development due to stunting and poverty are likely to forgo about a quarter of average adult income per year, and the cost of inaction to gross domestic product can be double what some countries currently spend on health. Services and interventions to support early childhood development are essential to realising the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, Child Health Services/economics/*organization \& administration, Child Protective Services/economics/organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education)/economics/organization \& administration, Financing, Government, Humans, Maternal Health Services/economics/organization \& administration, Politics, Poverty}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31698-1}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Daelmans, B. and Lombardi, J. and Heymann, J. and Boo, F. L. and Behrman, J. R. and Lu, C. and Lucas, J. E. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Stenberg, K. and Gertler, P. and Darmstadt, G. L.} } @article {5506, title = {Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {Richter, Linda M
Daelmans, Bernadette
Lombardi, Joan
Heymann, Jody
Boo, Florencia Lopez
Behrman, Jere R
Lu, Chunling
Lucas, Jane E
Perez-Escamilla, Rafael
Dua, Tarun
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Stenberg, Karin
Gertler, Paul
Darmstadt, Gary L
eng
001/World Health Organization/International
K01 HD071929/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):103-118. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31698-1. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {103-118}, abstract = {Building on long-term benefits of early intervention (Paper 2 of this Series) and increasing commitment to early childhood development (Paper 1 of this Series), scaled up support for the youngest children is essential to improving health, human capital, and wellbeing across the life course. In this third paper, new analyses show that the burden of poor development is higher than estimated, taking into account additional risk factors. National programmes are needed. Greater political prioritisation is core to scale-up, as are policies that afford families time and financial resources to provide nurturing care for young children. Effective and feasible programmes to support early child development are now available. All sectors, particularly education, and social and child protection, must play a role to meet the holistic needs of young children. However, health provides a critical starting point for scaling up, given its reach to pregnant women, families, and young children. Starting at conception, interventions to promote nurturing care can feasibly build on existing health and nutrition services at limited additional cost. Failure to scale up has severe personal and social consequences. Children at elevated risk for compromised development due to stunting and poverty are likely to forgo about a quarter of average adult income per year, and the cost of inaction to gross domestic product can be double what some countries currently spend on health. Services and interventions to support early childhood development are essential to realising the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Developing Countries, Child Health Services/economics/*organization \& administration, Child Protective Services/economics/organization \& administration, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education)/economics/organization \& administration, Financing, Government, Humans, Maternal Health Services/economics/organization \& administration, Politics, Poverty}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Daelmans, B. and Lombardi, J. and Heymann, J. and Boo, F. L. and Behrman, J. R. and Lu, C. and Lucas, J. E. and Perez-Escamilla, R. and Dua, T. and Bhutta, Z. A. and Stenberg, K. and Gertler, P. and Darmstadt, G. L. and Paper 3 Working, Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering, Committee} } @article {620, title = {The importance of caregiver-child interactions for the survival and healthy development of young children: A review}, year = {2004}, institution = {World Health Organization}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42878/1/924159134X.pdf}, author = {L. Richter} } @article {6374, title = {Guidance for the health sector to partner with parents and families for early childhood development}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {395}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-03-2020}, pages = {766 - 768}, keywords = {early childhood development, nurturing care}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30465-7}, url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30465-7/fulltext}, author = {Richter, Linda M and Ghent, Liana and Issa, Ghassan M and Okengo, Lynette and Santiago, Evelyn} } @article {5929, title = {Nurturing Care for Young Children under Conditions of Fragility and Conflict}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {1534-8687
Richter, Linda M
Lye, Stephen J
Proulx, Kerrie
Journal Article
Review
United States
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):13-26. doi: 10.1002/cad.20232.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {13-26}, edition = {2018/03/15}, abstract = {Forced displacement worldwide is at its highest in decades and millions of young children are living in conflict zones, in transitional or enduring refugee contexts, and in demographically diverse marginalized and informal settlements. There is a huge unmet need for delivering early childhood development interventions to ensure the safety and continued development of young children in these vulnerable contexts. In this paper, we discuss nurturing care as an important entry point for multisectoral collaborations to support families and reach young children. Nurturing care is a basic right of every child and encompasses health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. We review key elements of the biological and psychological development of children important to nurturing care and illustrate their application in case studies of war and displacement in Angola and Kenya. Building on long-term benefits of early interventions, scaled up support is essential to improve the health, development, and well-being of young children in contexts of conflict, violence, and insecurity. Not only do early childhood development interventions support the development of young children, but they also provide a potential pathway to violence reduction and a way to achieve more peaceful families, communities, and societies.}, keywords = {*Armed Conflicts/psychology, *Child Development, *Child Rearing/psychology, *Exposure to Violence/psychology, *Parenting/psychology, *Vulnerable Populations/psychology, Angola, Child, Humans, Kenya}, isbn = {1520-3247}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20232}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K.} } @article {5376, title = {Nurturing Care for Young Children under Conditions of Fragility and Conflict}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2018}, number = {159}, year = {2018}, note = {Richter, Linda M
Lye, Stephen J
Proulx, Kerrie
eng
Review
2018/03/15 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2018 Mar;2018(159):13-26. doi: 10.1002/cad.20232.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {13-26}, abstract = {Forced displacement worldwide is at its highest in decades and millions of young children are living in conflict zones, in transitional or enduring refugee contexts, and in demographically diverse marginalized and informal settlements. There is a huge unmet need for delivering early childhood development interventions to ensure the safety and continued development of young children in these vulnerable contexts. In this paper, we discuss nurturing care as an important entry point for multisectoral collaborations to support families and reach young children. Nurturing care is a basic right of every child and encompasses health, nutrition, security and safety, responsive caregiving, and early learning. We review key elements of the biological and psychological development of children important to nurturing care and illustrate their application in case studies of war and displacement in Angola and Kenya. Building on long-term benefits of early interventions, scaled up support is essential to improve the health, development, and well-being of young children in contexts of conflict, violence, and insecurity. Not only do early childhood development interventions support the development of young children, but they also provide a potential pathway to violence reduction and a way to achieve more peaceful families, communities, and societies.}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Richter, L. M. and Lye, S. J. and Proulx, K.} } @inbook {584, title = {Early childhood}, booktitle = {Promoting Mental Health in Scarce-resource Contexts: Emerging Evidence and Practice}, year = {2010}, pages = {99-123}, publisher = {Human Sciences Research Council}, organization = {Human Sciences Research Council}, address = {Cape Town, South Africa}, isbn = {9780796923035}, url = {https://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/books/promoting-mental-health-in-scarce-resource-contexts}, author = {L. Richter and A. Dawes and J. de Kadt}, editor = {Petersen, I. and A. Bhana and A. J. Flisher and L. Swartz and L. Richter} } @article {7319, title = {Child migration and access to Early Childhood Care and Education: Limitations in legal frameworks and other concerns}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Right to Education}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, ECCE, migrants and refugees}, url = {https://www.right-to-education.org/es/node/1411}, author = {RightToEducationInitiative} } @inbook {585, title = {Sustainable Development and Health: From Global to Local Agenda}, booktitle = {Sustainable Development: An Appraisal of the Gulf Region}, year = {2014}, pages = {391-415}, publisher = {Berghahn Books}, organization = {Berghahn Books}, chapter = {16}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/SillitoeSustainable}, author = {M. Riva and C. Panter-Brick and M. Eggerman}, editor = {P. Sillitoe} } @article {6585, title = {Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study}, journal = {The Lancet Global Health}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-05-2020}, keywords = {Child Mortality, COVID-19, Health, maternal mortality, nutrition}, issn = {2214109X}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30229-1}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X20302291}, author = {Roberton, Timothy and Carter, Emily D and Chou, Victoria B and Stegmuller, Angela R and Jackson, Bianca D and Tam, Yvonne and Sawadogo-Lewis, Talata and Walker, Neff} } @article {392, title = {Effects of Healthy Families New York on the promotion of maternal parenting competencies and the prevention of harsh parenting.}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {34}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Oct}, pages = {711-23}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: This paper examines the effectiveness of the Healthy Families New York (HFNY) home visiting program in promoting parenting competencies and preventing maladaptive parenting behaviors in mothers at risk for child abuse and neglect.

METHODS: The study used microlevel observational assessments of mother-child interactions in the third wave of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether mothers who received home visiting services were more likely to exhibit positive parenting and less likely to display negative parenting behaviors than those who did not receive these services. Women were randomly assigned during pregnancy or shortly after the birth of the target child to an intervention group that was offered home visiting services or a control group that was given referrals to other services. At Year 3, 522 mother and child pairs were systematically observed while they interacted in semistructured tasks presenting varied parenting challenges. The study also sought to replicate a finding from Year 2, which revealed that program effects on harsh parenting were stronger among young, first-time mothers who were randomly assigned during pregnancy (the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup) than among the other mothers (the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup).

RESULTS: Results indicate that HFNY was effective in fostering positive parenting, such as maternal responsivity and cognitive engagement. With respect to negative parenting, HFNY mothers in the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup were less likely than their counterparts in the control group to use harsh parenting, while no differences were detected for the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup.

CONCLUSION: HFNY was successful in promoting positive parenting among mothers at risk for child abuse and neglect, which may reflect the program\&$\#$39;s strength-based approach. The replication of the High Prevention Opportunity subgroup as a moderator of program effects on harsh parenting further suggests that HFNY may be more useful for preventing the initiation rather than the recurrence of child abuse and neglect.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: To optimize service delivery, HFNY should continue to focus on enhancing parent-child interactions, prioritize HFNY services for young, first-time mothers who are offered the program during pregnancy, and investigate effective strategies to reduce negative parenting practices among the Limited Prevention Opportunity subgroup.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, House Calls, Humans, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, New York, Parenting, Pregnancy, Program Evaluation, Questionnaires, Risk, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-7757}, doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.03.004}, author = {Rodriguez, M L and Dumont, K and Mitchell-Herzfeld, S D and Walden, N J and Greene, R} } @article {6497, title = {Roma Education Fund{\textquoteright}s statement on COVID 19 effecting Roma communities and access to education}, year = {2020}, publisher = {ROMA Education Fund}, address = {Hungary}, abstract = {The Roma Education Fund (REF) calls for the attention of the European Commission (EC), governments of respective EU Member States, candidate and other European countries to urgently react on the extremely vulnerable position of Roma communities in the light of COVID 19 pandemic.}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education}, url = {https://www.romaeducationfund.org/roma-education-funds-statement-on-covid-19-effecting-roma-communities-and-access-to-education/?fbclid=IwAR3ikqpbDzjHQ6OS4xlCOXSSq-P20M8bfHgZqDamGlckfwx7dO_EkYZJ6ws}, author = {ROMA} } @article {5970, title = {Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits}, journal = {Computers in Human Behavior}, volume = {35}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-06-2014}, pages = {364 - 375}, issn = {07475632}, doi = {10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.036}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S074756321400048Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S074756321400048X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S074756321400048X?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Rosen, L.D. and Lim, A.F. and Felt, J. and Carrier, L.M. and Cheever, N.A. and Lara-Ruiz, J.M. and Mendoza, J.S. and Rokkum, J.} } @article {5061, title = {Effects of welfare reform on children of adolescent mothers: moderation by maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement}, journal = {Women Health}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, note = {Rosman, E A
Yoshikawa, H
eng
Evaluation Studies
2001/08/02 10:00
Women Health. 2001;32(3):253-90. doi: 10.1300/J013v32n03_04.}, pages = {253-90}, abstract = {There are few data available on how effects of welfare reform on children may differ for different kinds of families. This study examined the constructs of maternal depression, father involvement, and grandmother involvement as moderators of the effects of a welfare reform program on children. The sample included 1,602 children between the ages of 3 and 6 1/2 whose mothers had participated in New Chance, a multi-site welfare-to-work program with an emphasis on human capital development (i.e., education, job training). Father and grandmother co-residence were investigated, in addition to perceived support from these family members, in predicting cognitive and behavioral child outcomes. The mediating roles of parenting stress and emotional support in parenting were also explored. Although main effects were found for the intervention and for maternal depression, no main effects were found for the family ecology variables. However, interactions suggested complex relationships among New Chance and the family characteristics for both the full sample and for Latina families. Results are discussed in terms of policy implications and possible future research.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, *Family Relations, *Social Support, Adolescent, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/*legislation \& jurisprudence, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder/complications/epidemiology, Education, Employment, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Maternal Welfare, Mothers/*psychology, Parenting/ethnology/psychology, Regression Analysis, United States/epidemiology, Women{\textquoteright}s Health}, isbn = {0363-0242 (Print)
0363-0242 (Linking)}, author = {Rosman, E. A. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5511, title = {Early childhood linear growth faltering in low-income and middle-income countries as a whole-population condition: analysis of 179 Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 countries (1993-2015)}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {5}, number = {12}, year = {2017}, note = {Roth, Daniel E
Krishna, Aditi
Leung, Michael
Shi, Joy
Bassani, Diego G
Barros, Aluisio J D
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2017/11/15 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Dec;5(12):e1249-e1257. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30418-7.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {e1249-e1257}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The causes of early childhood linear growth faltering (known as stunting) in low-income and middle-income countries remain inadequately understood. We aimed to determine if the progressive postnatal decline in mean height-for-age Z score (HAZ) in low-income and middle-income countries is driven by relatively slow growth of certain high-risk children versus faltering of the entire population. METHODS: Distributions of HAZ (based on WHO growth standards) were analysed in 3-month age intervals from 0 to 36 months of age in 179 Demographic and Health Surveys from 64 low-income and middle-income countries (1993-2015). Mean, standard deviation (SD), fifth percentiles, and 95th percentiles of the HAZ distribution were estimated for each age interval in each survey. Associations between mean HAZ and SD, fifth percentile, and 95th percentile were estimated using multilevel linear models. Stratified analyses were performed in consideration of potential modifiers (world region, national income, sample size, year, or mean HAZ in the 0-3 month age band). We also used Monte Carlo simulations to model the effects of subgroup versus whole-population faltering on the HAZ distribution. FINDINGS: Declines in mean HAZ from birth to 3 years of age were accompanied by declines in both the fifth and 95th percentiles, leading to nearly symmetrical narrowing of the HAZ distributions. Thus, children with relatively low HAZ were not more likely to have faltered than taller same-age peers. Inferences were unchanged in surveys regardless of world region, national income, sample size, year, or mean HAZ in the 0-3 month age band. Simulations showed that the narrowing of the HAZ distribution as mean HAZ declined could not be explained by faltering limited to a growth-restricted subgroup of children. INTERPRETATION: In low-income and middle-income countries, declines in mean HAZ with age are due to a downward shift in the entire HAZ distribution, revealing that children across the HAZ spectrum experience slower growth compared to the international standard. Efforts to mitigate postnatal linear growth faltering in low-income and middle-income countries should prioritise action on community-level determinants of childhood HAZ trajectories. FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.}, keywords = {*Body Height/physiology, *Growth Disorders, *Income, *Poverty, Child Development/physiology, Child, Preschool, Demography, Developing Countries/statistics \& numerical data, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Models, Statistical}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Roth, D. E. and Krishna, A. and Leung, M. and Shi, J. and Bassani, D. G. and Barros, A. J. D.} } @article {711, title = {Introducing the issue, {\textquoteleft}School readiness: Closing racial and ethnic gaps{\textquoteright}}, journal = {The Future of Children}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, pages = {5-14}, url = {https://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/docs/15_01_FullJournal.pdf}, author = {Rouse, C. and Brooks-Gunn, J. and McLanahan, S.} } @book {477, title = {The Family and the MDGs}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Doha Institute for Family Studies and Development}, organization = {Doha Institute for Family Studies and Development}, address = {Doha, Qatar}, url = {https://www.amazon.com/Family-MDGs-Capital-Millennium-Development/dp/0615601375}, author = {S. Royalance} } @article {7387, title = {Masculinities and COVID-19: Making the Connections}, year = {2020}, institution = {Promundo}, keywords = {COVID-19, masculinities, men, policy}, url = {https://promundoglobal.org/resources/masculinities-and-covid-19-making-the-connections/?lang=english}, author = {Ruxton, S. and Burrell, S.} } @article {7318, title = {Improving the mental health of abandoned children: Experiences from a global online intervention.}, journal = {American Psychologist}, volume = {75}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, pages = {1376 - 1388}, keywords = {Displaced persons, global migration, Mental Health}, issn = {0003-066X}, doi = {10.1037/amp0000726}, url = {https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2Famp0000726}, author = {Rygaard, Niels Peter} } @article {393, title = {Young children{\textquoteright}s reactions to war-related stress: a survey and assessment of an innovative intervention.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {121}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 Jan}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess stress reactions in young children during and after war and the effects of a new brief intervention.

METHODS: Two separate studies were conducted. In study I, we assessed war exposure and stress reactions of 74 children (2-7 years of age) in a sheltered camp during the second Israel-Lebanon war (July to August 2006). Their exposure to war experiences and their stress reactions were assessed through parental reports during the last week of the war. In addition to standard care, 35 children received a brief intervention (Huggy-Puppy intervention) aimed at encouraging them to care for a needy Huggy-Puppy doll that was given to them as a gift. The effects of the Huggy-Puppy intervention were assessed in a follow-up interview 3 weeks after the war. Study II assessed the efficacy of group administration of the Huggy-Puppy intervention to 191 young children, compared with 101 control subjects. The effects of the intervention on stress-related symptoms after the war were assessed in telephone interviews with the parents.

RESULTS: Study I indicated that, during the war, most children had significant exposure to war-related experiences and had severe stress reactions. The Huggy-Puppy intervention was associated with significant reductions in stress reactions in the postwar assessment. A higher level of attachment and involvement with the doll was associated with better outcomes. The results of study II indicated that group administration of the Huggy-Puppy intervention was associated with significant reductions in stress reactions.

CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that the Huggy-Puppy intervention may offer pediatricians and other child health care professionals a promising, cost-effective intervention for children during stressful times.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Age Factors, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Intervention Studies, Interviews as Topic, Israel, Male, Probability, Psychotherapy, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, War}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2007-1348}, author = {Sadeh, Avi and Hen-Gal, Shai and Tikotzky, Liat} } @article {5697, title = {Minding the Baby: Enhancing Reflectiveness to Improve Early Health and Relationship Outcomes in an Interdisciplinary Home-Visiting Program}, journal = {Infant Mental Health Journal}, volume = {34}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-09-2013}, pages = {391 - 405}, doi = {10.1002/imhj.2013.34.issue-510.1002/imhj.21406}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/imhj.2013.34.issue-5http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/imhj.21406https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fimhj.21406}, author = {Sadler, Lois S. and Slade, Arietta and Close, Nancy and Webb, Denise L. and Simpson, Tanika and Fennie, Kristopher and Mayes, Linda C.} } @article {6194, title = {How do grandparents influence child health and development? A systematic review}, journal = {Social Science \& Medicine}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-08-2019}, pages = {112476}, keywords = {Child, Family, Generatio, h Development, Healt, Parenting, policy, Research Design}, issn = {02779536}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112476}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953619304691}, author = {Sadruddin, Aalyia F. and Ponguta, Liliana A. and Zonderman, Anna L. and Wiley, Kyle S. and Grimshaw, Alyssa and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {4106, title = {Global citizenship and the role of the United Nations: The promise of the Early Childhood Peace Consortium}, journal = {New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development}, volume = {2018}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-03-2018}, pages = {99 - 105}, doi = {10.1002/cad.2018.2018.issue-15910.1002/cad.20231}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cad.2018.2018.issue-159http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cad.20231http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/cad.20231/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fcad.20231}, author = {Salah, R.}, editor = {Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {6175, title = {Childcare and working families: New opportunity of missing link? An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {childcare, family-friendly policies, G20 Initiative for Early Childhood Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), working families}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Childcare\%20-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Samman, E. and Lombardi, J. and UNICEF} } @article {5930, title = {Comprehensive longitudinal studies of child health, development and behaviour in Jamaica: findings and policy impact}, journal = {West Indian Med J}, volume = {57}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, note = {Samms-Vaughan, M
Journal Article
Jamaica
West Indian Med J. 2008 Dec;57(6):639-44.}, month = {Dec}, pages = {639-44}, edition = {2009/07/08}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Birth cohort and other longitudinal studies of children{\textquoteright}s health, development and behaviour have provided important information on child and adult outcomes. This has allowed evidence based policy and programme development targeted at issues specific to countries. Few studies have been conducted in developing countries. This paper reports on the findings and policy implications of two comprehensive longitudinal studies in Jamaica. METHOD: The findings of the Jamaican Birth Cohort Studies, conducted between 1986 and 2003, and the Profiles Project, a longitudinal study commencing in 1999 when children were six years, were reviewed. Recommendations from the studies and their impact on policy and programme development for Jamaican children were identified. RESULTS: Policy and programme impact were identified in areas of child poverty intervention, parenting, social activities, violence and aggression, health and nutrition, screening and early intervention, setting of standards for early childhood institutions, gender early childhood indicators and education and training. Policy and programme impact were national, regional and international. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive longitudinal studies of children in developing countries, though costly, provide wide-ranging and important information for policy and programme development.}, keywords = {*Child Welfare, Child, Child Development, Developing Countries, Early Intervention (Education), Health Policy, Humans, Jamaica, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Poverty}, isbn = {0043-3144 (Print)
0043-3144}, url = {http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext\&pid=S0043-31442008000600016}, author = {Samms-Vaughan, M.} } @article {6174, title = {The role of child benefits in enabling family-friendly policies to achieve the triple bottom line. An evidence brief}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {2019}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child benefits, cognitive development, food security, gender equality, inequality, partnerships, Poverty, resilience, Social cohesion, social inclusion, social protection, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-Child-Benefits-Family-Friendly-Policies-2019.pdf}, author = {Samson, M. and UNICEF} } @article {200, title = {Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children.}, journal = {Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev}, volume = {2}, year = {1999}, month = {1999 Jun}, pages = {71-90}, abstract = {

This paper outlines the theoretical and empirical foundations of a unique multilevel parenting and family support strategy designed to reduce the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in preadolescent children. The program known as Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is a multilevel system of family intervention, which provides five levels of intervention of increasing strength. These interventions include a universal population-level media information campaign targeting all parents, two levels of brief primary care consultations targeting mild behavior problems, and two more intensive parent training and family intervention programs for children at risk for more severe behavioral problems. The program aims to determine the minimally sufficient intervention a parent requires in order to deflect a child away from a trajectory towards more serious problems. The self-regulation of parental skill is a central construct in the program. The program uses flexible delivery modalities (including individual face-to-face, group, telephone assisted, and self-directed programs) to tailor the strength of the intervention to the requirements of individual families. Its multidisciplinary, preventive and community-wide focus gives the program wide reach, permitting the targeting of destigmatized access points through primary care services for families who are reluctant to participate in parenting skills programs. The available empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of the program is discussed and its implications for research on dissemination are discussed.

}, keywords = {Affective Symptoms, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Family Therapy, Humans, Parenting, Parents, Patient Care Team, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Social Support}, issn = {1096-4037}, author = {Sanders, M R} } @article {6130, title = {Applying Self-Regulation Principles in the Delivery of Parenting Interventions}, journal = {Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review}, volume = {22}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {24 - 42}, keywords = {Parenting; Parenting intervention; Parenting support; Self-regulation}, issn = {1096-4037}, doi = {10.1007/s10567-019-00287-z}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10567-019-00287-z}, author = {Sanders, Matthew R. and Turner, Karen M. T. and Metzler, Carol W.} } @article {201, title = {The mass media and the prevention of child behavior problems: the evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcomes for parents and their children.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, month = {2000 Oct}, pages = {939-48}, abstract = {

This paper examines the impact of a 12-episode television series, \"Families\", on disruptive child behavior and family adjustment. This media intervention comprises the first of a five-level early intervention parenting and family support strategy, known as Triple P (Positive Parenting Program). Fifty-six parents of children aged between 2 and 8 years were randomly assigned to either watching the television series or to a waitlist control group. Compared to the control group, parents in the television viewing (TV) condition reported significantly lower levels of disruptive child behavior and higher levels of perceived parenting competence, immediately following intervention. Prior to intervention approximately 42.9\% of the children in the TV condition were in the clinically elevated range for disruptive child behavioral problems. This had reduced to 14.3 \% following intervention. In addition, a high level of consumer acceptability was reported by parents in the TV condition. All post-intervention effects were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Implications for public health approaches to family mental health are discussed.

}, keywords = {Adult, Australia, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Media, Parenting, Parents, Primary Prevention, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Television, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0021-9630}, author = {Sanders, M R and Montgomery, D T and Brechman-Toussaint, M L} } @article {690, title = {THE PEACEFUL KIDS CONFLICT RESOLUTION PROGRAM}, journal = {International Journal of Conflict Management}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, pages = {337-357}, doi = {10.1108/eb022845}, author = {Sandra V. Sandy and Susan K. Boardman} } @article {394, title = {A pilot study of a parent-education group for families affected by depression.}, journal = {Can J Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, year = {2003}, month = {2003 Mar}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a parent-education group for families with young children and a parent with depression. We designed the program to be readily disseminated if shown to be effective.

METHOD: We recruited 44 parents with depression from clinics and family doctors in Hamilton, Ontario, and randomly assigned them to receive the parenting program or to a wait-list control group. The outcomes measured included knowledge of depression, parenting, family relationships, depression symptoms, child depressive symptoms, and functioning. We used analysis of covariance to test for posttreatment differences between experimental and control groups.

RESULTS: Of the treatment group, 27\% dropped out at posttreatment, and 43\% by follow-up. Those who dropped out had more severe depression at baseline than did those who completed the program, and there was selective loss of parents with more severe depression in the experimental group. In intention-to-treat analyses at posttreatment, probands in the experimental group reported more improvements on family functioning, parenting sense of competence, and family and parent conflict than did control subjects. Standardized effect sizes (ES) were medium (0.4 to 0.6). When baseline depressive symptom scores were controlled in the analyses, the between-group differences were reduced, showing that selective loss of participants may have influenced the findings.

CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the results are encouraging and support the further development and evaluation of the group intervention. However, the study does not provide unequivocal evidence in support of the program. Before it is transferred to other settings, the program needs further modification to improve participation by parents with more severe depression and further evaluation of its effectiveness.

}, keywords = {Adult, Conflict (Psychology), Depression, Family, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Parents, Pilot Projects, Questionnaires}, issn = {0706-7437}, author = {Sanford, Mark and Byrne, Carolyn and Williams, Susan and Atley, Sandy and Miller, Jennifer and Allin, Heather} } @article {4806, title = {Long term mental health outcomes of Finnish children evacuated to Swedish families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings: cohort study}, journal = {BMJ}, volume = {350}, year = {2015}, note = {Santavirta, Torsten
Santavirta, Nina
Betancourt, Theresa S
Gilman, Stephen E
eng
R01 MH087544/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
MH087544/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Historical Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/01/09 06:00
BMJ. 2015 Jan 5;350:g7753.}, month = {Jan 5}, pages = {g7753}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare the risks of admission to hospital for any type of psychiatric disorder and for four specific psychiatric disorders among adults who as children were evacuated to Swedish foster families during the second world war and their non-evacuated siblings, and to evaluate whether these risks differ between the sexes. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: National child evacuation scheme in Finland during the second world war. PARTICIPANTS: Children born in Finland between 1933 and 1944 who were later included in a 10\% sample of the 1950 Finnish census ascertained in 1997 (n = 45,463; women: n = 22,021; men: n = 23,442). Evacuees in the sample were identified from war time government records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adults admitted to hospital for psychiatric disorders recorded between 1971 and 2011 in the Finnish hospital discharge register. METHODS: We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association between evacuation to temporary foster care in Sweden during the second world war and admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder between ages 38 and 78 years. Fixed effects methods were employed to control for all unobserved social and genetic characteristics shared among siblings. RESULTS: Among men and women combined, the risk of admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder did not differ between Finnish adults evacuated to Swedish foster families and their non-evacuated siblings (hazard ratio 0.89, 95\% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.26). Evidence suggested a lower risk of admission for any mental disorder (0.67, 0.44 to 1.03) among evacuated men, whereas for women there was no association between evacuation and the overall risk of admission for a psychiatric disorder (1.21, 0.80 to 1.83). When admissions for individual psychiatric disorders were analyzed, evacuated girls were significantly more likely than their non-evacuated sisters to be admitted to hospital for a mood disorder as an adult (2.19, 1.10 to 4.33). CONCLUSIONS: The Finnish evacuation policy was not associated with an increased overall risk of admission to hospital for a psychiatric disorder in adulthood among former evacuees. In fact, evacuation was associated with a marginally reduced risk of admission for any psychiatric disorder among men. Among women who had been evacuated, however, the risk of being admitted to hospital for a mood disorder was increased.}, keywords = {*World War II, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland/epidemiology, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Hospitalization/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*epidemiology, Middle Aged, Policy Making, Proportional Hazards Models, Refugees/*psychology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Siblings/*psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden/epidemiology}, isbn = {1756-1833 (Electronic)
0959-8138 (Linking)}, author = {Santavirta, T. and Santavirta, N. and Betancourt, T. S. and Gilman, S. E.} } @article {3436, title = {South African Child Support Grant Impact Assessment}, year = {2012}, institution = {Pretoria: Dept. of Social Development.}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/southafrica/SAF_resources_csg2012s.pdf}, author = {SASSA and UNICEF} } @article {6120, title = {Pet Ownership and Children{\textquoteright}s Emotional Expression: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Longitudinal Data from Japan}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {758}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16050758}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/758https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/758/pdf}, author = {Sato, Rikako and Fujiwara, Takeo and Kino, Shiho and Nawa, Nobutoshi and Kawachi, Ichiro} } @article {7056, title = {Defenceless: The impact of the Israeli military detention system on Palestinian children}, year = {2020}, institution = {Save the Children}, keywords = {children youth, Education, Gender, Health, Human Rights, Protection}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/defenceless-impact-israeli-military-detention-system}, author = {SavetheChildren} } @article {6228, title = {Road to recovery: Responding to children{\textquoteright}s mental health in conflict}, year = {2019}, institution = {Save the Children}, address = {London}, keywords = {child mental health, child refugees}, url = {https://www.savethechildren.org/content/dam/usa/reports/emergency-response/road-to-recovery.pdf}, author = {SavetheChildren} } @article {7231, title = {Advancing justice for children: Innovations to strengthen accountability for violations and crimes affecting children in conflict}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Save the Children}, keywords = {Advocacy, children, gender relevant, governance, justice, policy, violence prevention}, url = {https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/18908/pdf/advancing_justice_for_children_0.pdf}, author = {SavetheChildren} } @article {3441, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/education-and-social-cohesion-country-report-south-africa}, author = {Y. Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and W. Sirkotte-Kriel and C. Garisch and J. Gaston and K. Foulds} } @article {3296, title = {Synthesis Report on Findings from Myanmar, Pakistan, South Africa and Uganda}, year = {2016}, month = {March 2016}, institution = {UNICEF Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam Centre for International Education, University of Sussex UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/policy-synthesis-report-final-16.pdf}, author = {Sayed, Y. and Novelli, M.} } @article {395, title = {Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions.}, journal = {Infant Ment Health J}, volume = {27}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Sep}, pages = {429-447}, abstract = {

This study explored the use of a brief experimental intervention that integrates principles of infant-parent psychotherapy, videofeedback, controlled exposure to child distress in the context of parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stimulation of parental reflective functioning (RF). The Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Session (CAVES) was applied to 32 interpersonal violence-exposed mothers of very young children (8-50 months) with respect to change of maternal perception of her child. While we found no significant reduction over two videotaped assessment visits with a mental health professional, we did find a significant reduction in the degree of negativity of maternal attributions towards her child following the videotaped visit focused on the CAVES (p\<.01). Maternal RF, a mother\&$\#$39;s capacity to think about mental states in herself and her child, accounted for 11\% of the variance in reduction of maternal negativity after accounting for baseline levels of negativity. Clinician-assisted videofeedback appears to support emotional self-regulation of mothers with violence-related PTSD. Focusing with a therapist on videofeedback of child separation distress exposes mothers to avoided mental states of helplessness and perceived loss of protection. Negative maternal attributions may mark violent trauma-associated emotion dysregulation and projected self-representations of the maltreated mother.

}, issn = {1097-0355}, doi = {10.1002/imhj.20101}, author = {Schechter, Daniel S and Myers, Michael M and Brunelli, Susan A and Coates, Susan W and Zeanah, Charles H and Davies, Mark and Grienenberger, John F and Marshall, Randall D and McCaw, Jaime E and Trabka, Kimberly A and Liebowitz, Michael R} } @article {5066, title = {Maximizing the potential of early childhood education to prevent externalizing behavior problems: A meta-analysis}, journal = {J Sch Psychol}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Schindler, Holly S
Kholoptseva, Jenya
Oh, Soojin S
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Duncan, Greg J
Magnuson, Katherine A
Shonkoff, Jack P
eng
R01 HD073172/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2015/06/10 06:00
J Sch Psychol. 2015 Jun;53(3):243-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2015.04.001.}, month = {Jun}, pages = {243-63}, abstract = {Early childhood education (ECE) programs offer a promising mechanism for preventing early externalizing behavior problems and later antisocial behavior; yet, questions remain about how to best maximize ECE{\textquoteright}s potential. Using a meta-analytic database of 31 studies, we examined the overall effect of ECE on externalizing behavior problems and the differential effects of 3 levels of practice, each with increasing specificity and intensity aimed at children{\textquoteright}s social and emotional development. In short, we found that each successive level of programs did a better job than the prior level at reducing externalizing behavior problems. Level 1 programs, or those without a clear focus on social and emotional development, had no significant effects on externalizing behavior problems relative to control groups (ES=.13 SD, p<.10). On the other hand, level 2 programs, or those with a clear but broad focus on social and emotional development, were significantly associated with modest decreases in externalizing behavior problems relative to control groups (ES=-.10 SD, p<.05). Hence, level 2 programs were significantly better at reducing externalizing behavior problems than level 1 programs (ES=-.23 SD, p<.01). Level 3 programs, or those that more intensively targeted children{\textquoteright}s social and emotional development, were associated with additional significant reductions in externalizing behavior problems relative to level 2 programs (ES=-.26 SD, p<.05). The most promising effects came from level 3 child social skills training programs, which reduced externalizing behavior problems half of a standard deviation more than level 2 programs (ES=-.50 SD, p<.05).}, keywords = {*Early Intervention (Education)/methods/standards/statistics \& numerical data, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/*prevention \& control, Child social skills training, Early childhood education, Externalizing behavior problems, Humans, Meta-analysis, prevention}, isbn = {1873-3506 (Electronic)
0022-4405 (Linking)}, author = {Schindler, H. S. and Kholoptseva, J. and Oh, S. S. and Yoshikawa, H. and Duncan, G. J. and Magnuson, K. A. and Shonkoff, J. P.} } @article {6202, title = {IOM manual on community-based mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies and displacement}, year = {2019}, institution = {nternational Organization for Migration}, address = {Geneva, Switzerland}, keywords = {community-based, Displacement, Emergencies, Mental Health, Psychosocial}, url = {https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/mhpss/manual_july_02_2019r2.pdf}, author = {Schinin{\`a}, G.} } @article {4091, title = {Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions.}, journal = {Emotion}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Dec}, pages = {1314-21}, abstract = {

Periods of bond formation are accompanied by physiological and emotional changes, yet, little is known about the effects of falling in love on the individual{\textquoteright}s physiological response to emotions. We examined autonomic reactivity to the presentation of negative and positive films in 112 young adults, including 57 singles and 55 new lovers who began a romantic relationship 2.5 months prior to the experiment Autonomic reactivity was measured by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) to two baseline emotionally neutral films, two negative films, and two positive films. Results demonstrated that RSA in singles decreased during the presentation of negative emotions, indicating physiological stress response. However, no such decrease was found among new lovers, pointing to more optimal vagal regulation during the period of falling in love. Autonomic reactivity, indexed by RSA decrease from the positive to the negative films, was greater among singles as compared to lovers, suggesting that love buffers against autonomic stress and facilitates emotion regulation. Findings suggest that vagal regulation may be one mechanism through which love and attachment reduce stress and promote well-being and health.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Emotions, Female, Humans, Love, Male, Personality Inventory, Photic Stimulation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Physiological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult}, issn = {1931-1516}, doi = {10.1037/a0024090}, author = {Schneiderman, I. and Zilberstein-Kra, Y. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {202, title = {Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: relations to couples{\textquoteright} interactive reciprocity.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Aug}, pages = {1277-85}, abstract = {

Romantic relationships can have a profound effect on adults{\textquoteright} health and well-being whereas the inability to maintain intimate bonds has been associated with physical and emotional distress. Studies in monogamous mammalian species underscore the central role of oxytocin (OT) in pair-bonding and human imaging studies implicate OT-rich brain areas in early romantic love. To assess the role of OT in romantic attachment, we examined plasma OT in 163 young adults: 120 new lovers (60 couples) three months after the initiation of their romantic relationship and 43 non-attached singles. Twenty-five of the 36 couples who stayed together were seen again six months later. Couples were observed in dyadic interactions and were each interviewed regarding relationship-related thoughts and behaviors. OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1,152)=109.33, p<.001, which may suggest increased activity of the oxytocinergic system during the early stages of romantic attachment. These high levels of OT among new lovers did not decrease six months later and showed high individual stability. OT correlated with the couples{\textquoteright} interactive reciprocity, including social focus, positive affect, affectionate touch, and synchronized dyadic states, and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship, findings which parallel those described for parent-infant bonding. OT levels at the first assessment differentiated couples who stayed together six months later from those who separated during this period. Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner{\textquoteright}s OT. Findings suggest that OT may play an important role at the first stages of romantic attachment and lend support to evolutionary models suggesting that parental and romantic attachment share underlying bio-behavioral mechanisms.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Behavior, Courtship, Emotions, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.021}, author = {Schneiderman, I. and Zagoory-Sharon, O. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R.} } @article {396, title = {A brief primary care intervention helps parents develop plans to discipline.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {125}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Feb}, pages = {e242-9}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if a primary care intervention can help caregivers develop appropriate methods of discipline.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a pediatric primary care clinic. Consecutive English- or Spanish-speaking caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) at triage. Members of the intervention group (n = 130) were instructed (ie, required) to view at least 4 strategies of their choosing for responding to childhood aggression in the Play Nicely educational program; Spanish-speaking caregivers viewed the Spanish edition. The intervention duration was 5 to 10 minutes. Those in the control group (n = 129) received standard care. At the end of the clinic visit, 258 of 259 caregivers (99.6\%) consented to participate in a brief personal interview. The key measure was whether caregivers were helped in their plans to discipline, defined as a caregiver who could verbalize an appropriate change in how they would discipline their child in the future.

RESULTS: Overall, caregivers in the intervention group were 12 times more likely to have been helped in developing methods of discipline compared with caregivers in the control group (83\% vs 7\%; P \< .001). Within this group, Spanish-speaking caregivers (n = 59) in the intervention group were 8 times more likely to have been helped compared with those in the control group (91\% vs 12\%; P \< .001). Caregivers in the intervention group were more likely than caregivers in the control group to report that they planned to do less spanking (9\% vs 0\%; P \< .001).

CONCLUSIONS: A brief, required, primary care intervention helps English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers develop appropriate methods of discipline. The findings have implications for violence prevention, child abuse prevention, and how to incorporate counseling about childhood aggression and discipline into the well-child care visit.

}, keywords = {Caregivers, Child Behavior, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Counseling, Female, Health Education, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Physician{\textquoteright}s Role, Play and Playthings, Primary Health Care, Videotape Recording}, issn = {1098-4275}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2009-0874}, author = {Scholer, Seth J and Hudnut-Beumler, Julia and Dietrich, Mary S} } @article {6519, title = {Thinking About Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Impacts Through a Science-Informed, Early Childhood Lens}, year = {2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood, racism}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/thinking-about-racial-disparities-in-covid-19-impacts-through-a-science-informed-early-childhood-lens/}, author = {Schonkoff, JP and Williams, DR} } @article {6473, title = {Stress, Resilience, and the Role of Science: Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Center for the Developing Child, Harvard University}, address = {Boston, MA}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development, resilience, stress}, url = {https://developingchild.harvard.edu/stress-resilience-and-the-role-of-science-responding-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic/?utm_source=announcement\&utm_medium=email\&utm_campaign=covid_podcast}, author = {Schonkoff, JP} } @book {551, title = {Peer Mediation: Conflict Resolution in Schools : Program Guide}, year = {1997}, publisher = {Research Press Company}, organization = {Research Press Company}, isbn = {9780878223688}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=7Qstua_tDegC}, author = {Schrumpf, F. and Crawford, D.K. and Bodine, R.J.} } @article {397, title = {Equine-assisted psychotherapy: a mental health promotion/intervention modality for children who have experienced intra-family violence.}, journal = {Health Soc Care Community}, volume = {15}, year = {2007}, month = {2007 May}, pages = {265-71}, abstract = {

Equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) is a specialized form of psychotherapy using the horse as a therapeutic tool. This modality is designed to address self-esteem and personal confidence, communication and interpersonal effectiveness, trust, boundaries and limit-setting, and group cohesion. Substantial numbers of children witness family violence. There is evidence that violence between parents has adverse effects on the children in the family. These children are at greater risk of behavioural problems and mental health disorders, including anxiety, anger, depression and suicidal ideations, withdrawal, low self-esteem, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The purpose of the present pilot study was to test the efficacy of EAP in a cross-sectional group of children referred to a psychotherapist for various childhood behavioural and mental health issues over an 18-month period (June 2003-January 2005). Sixty-three children received a mean number of 19 EAP sessions. Scores on the Children\&$\#$39;s Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale were determined pre- and post-treatment. The mean (+/- standard deviation, SD) pretreatment score was 54.1 (SD 3.2) and post treatment mean score was 61.7 +/- 5.0 (t = 9.06, d.f. = 96, P \< 0.001). All children showed improvement in GAF scores, and there was a statistically significant correlation between the percentage improvement in the GAF scores and the number of sessions given (r = 0.73, P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the greatest improvement in the GAF scores occurred in the youngest of the subjects. Children in the group who had a history of physical abuse and neglect had a statistically significant greater percentage improvement in GAF scores after treatment than those who did not have a history of abuse and neglect. This study has demonstrated a quick response to EAP, especially in younger children, but it remains to be determined what kind of long-term effects this type of intervention may provide.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Animals, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Domestic Violence, Female, Horses, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, Psychotherapy}, issn = {0966-0410}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2524.2006.00684.x}, author = {Schultz, Pamela N and Remick-Barlow, G Ann and Robbins, Leslie} } @article {7640, title = {Leveraging Caregivers to Provide Remote Early Childhood Education in Hard-to-Access Settings in Lebanon: Impacts From a Randomized Controlled Trial}, journal = {Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness}, year = {2024}, month = {Feb-04-2026}, pages = {1 - 31}, abstract = {

This paper presents impact findings from a three-arm randomized controlled trial of 1) a brief remote early learning program (RELP) and 2) RELP plus a remote parenting support program entitled Ahlan Simsim Families (ASF), compared to a waitlist control group. Participants are 5\–6-year-olds and their families and are 96\% Syrian refugees. All live in hard-to-access areas of Lebanon with few early childhood education (ECE) opportunities. RELP is an 11-week, 31-session program delivered via WhatsApp calls and messages. Remote sessions, 35\–40\ minutes each, consist of 5\–6 caregivers/children and focus on supporting caregivers in implementing ECE curriculum with their children outside of class. ASF consists of 11 sessions (25\–30\ minutes once a week) and covers responsive relationships, early learning, and safety/security. We find large impacts on overall child development, literacy, numeracy, child play, and reported learning interactions (ES: 0.26\–0.52) for both treatment arms; on motor and social-emotional skills for RELP only (ES: 0.21\–0.36); and on reported spanking for RELP\ +\ ASF (twice as likely to say not in past month). Impacts are smaller in magnitude (for all but child play), though not significantly different, when ASF is added.

}, keywords = {brief ECE, refugee population, Remote ECE, remote IDELA, spartially nested models}, issn = {1934-5747}, doi = {10.1080/19345747.2024.2334841}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19345747.2024.2334841}, author = {Schwartz, Kate and Michael, Duja and Torossian, Lina and Hajal, Diala and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Abdulrazzak, Somaia and Youssef, Jamile and Sloane, Phoebe and Hashwe, Siwar and Foulds, Kim and Bowden, Brooks and Hoyer, Kayla and Lee, Sangyoo and Haywood, Athena and Behrman, Jere} } @inbook {6039, title = {Significant benefits, the High/Scope Perry Pre-School Study through age 27}, booktitle = {Child welfare: Major themes in health and social welfare}, volume = {IV}, year = {2005}, pages = {9-29}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, chapter = {58}, address = {New York}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=V4CoDuB8gIUC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA9\&dq=Schweinhart+et+al.,+2005\&ots=AJ9lSEI0Jh\&sig=DtgM8sNmM-RwPEi1wi5_bdfzbdw$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false}, author = {Schweinhart, L.J. and Barnes, H.V. and Weikhart, D.P.} } @book {552, title = {Lifetime Effects: The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 40}, year = {2005}, publisher = {High/Scope Press}, organization = {High/Scope Press}, isbn = {9781573792523}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=i41HAAAAMAAJ}, author = {Schweinhart, L.J. and J. Montie and Z. Xiang and W. S.. Barnett and C. R. Belfield and M. Nores} } @article {5931, title = {Prenatal Risk Factors and the Etiology of ADHD-Review of Existing Evidence}, journal = {Curr Psychiatry Rep}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {1535-1645
Sciberras, Emma
Mulraney, Melissa
Silva, Desiree
Coghill, David
Journal Article
Review
United States
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Jan;19(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0753-2.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {1}, edition = {2017/01/17}, abstract = {While it is well accepted that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder, not all of the risk is genetic. It is estimated that between 10 and 40\% of the variance associated with ADHD is likely to be accounted for by environmental factors. There is considerable interest in the role that the prenatal environment might play in the development of ADHD with previous reviews concluding that despite demonstration of associations between prenatal risk factors (e.g. prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy) and ADHD, there remains insufficient evidence to support a definite causal relationship. This article provides an update of research investigating the relationship between prenatal risk factors and ADHD published over the past 3 years. Recently, several epidemiological and data linkage studies have made substantial contributions to our understanding of this relationship. In particular, these studies have started to account for some of the genetic and familial confounds that, when taken into account, throw several established findings into doubt. None of the proposed prenatal risk factors can be confirmed as causal for ADHD, and the stronger the study design, the less likely it is to support an association. We need a new benchmark for studies investigating the etiology of ADHD whereby there is an expectation not only that data will be collected prospectively but also that the design allows the broad range of genetic and familial factors to be accounted for.}, keywords = {*Gene-Environment Interaction, Adhd, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/*etiology/genetics, Causality, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental, Etiology, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/genetics, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*diagnosis, Prospective Studies, Research Design, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic}, isbn = {1523-3812}, doi = {10.1007/s11920-017-0753-2}, author = {Sciberras, E. and Mulraney, M. and Silva, D. and Coghill, D.} } @article {5698, title = {Science: Parenting}, journal = {Science }, volume = {345}, year = {2014}, publisher = {ScienceMag}, doi = {10.1126/science.345.6198.742 }, url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6198}, author = {Science} } @article {4751, title = {Towards Clarity in Research on "Non-Cognitive" Skills: Linking Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and Economic Development to Advance Life Outcomes for Children, Adolescents and Youth Globally}, journal = {Hum Dev}, volume = {58}, number = {6}, year = {2016}, note = {Scorza, Pamela
Araya, Ricardo
Wuermli, Alice J
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
T32 MH096724/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Switzerland
2016/07/01 00:00
Hum Dev. 2016 Jul;58(6):313-317. doi: 10.1159/000443711.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {313-317}, isbn = {0018-716X (Print)
0018-716X (Linking)}, author = {Scorza, P. and Araya, R. and Wuermli, A. J. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {3416, title = {A Study of Education and Resilience in Kenya{\textquoteright}s Arid and Semi-Arid Lands}, year = {2015}, month = {November 2015}, institution = {UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/a-study-of-education-and-resilience-in-kenyas-arid-and-semi-arid-lands}, author = {P. Scott-Villiers and D. Ndung{\textquoteright}u and S. Wilson and N. Kabala and M. Kullu and A. Scott-Villiers} } @article {3446, title = {A Study of Education and Resilience in Kenya{\textquoteright}s Arid and Semi-Arid Lands}, year = {2015}, month = {November 2015}, institution = {UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/a-study-of-education-and-resilience-in-kenyas-arid-and-semi-arid-lands}, author = {P. Scott-Villiers and S. Wilson and N. Kabala and M. Kullu and D. Ndung{\textquoteright}u and A. Scott-Villiers} } @article {7083, title = {Cooler Earth - Higher Benefits Actions by those who care about children, climate and finance.}, year = {2020}, institution = {World Council of Churches}, keywords = {children, churches commitment to children, climate change, finance}, url = {https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/publications/cooler-earth-higher-benefits}, author = {Seidel, F. and de Martel, E.} } @article {732, title = {Implementation of the PATHS Curriculum in an Urban Elementary School}, journal = {Early Education \& Development}, volume = {15}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-10-2004}, pages = {471 - 486}, issn = {1040-9289}, doi = {10.1207/s15566935eed1504_6}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15566935eed1504_6}, author = {Seifer, Ronald and Gouley, Kathleen and Miller, Alison L. and Zakriski, Audrey} } @article {869, title = {Primary prevention in mental health for Head Start classrooms: Partial replication with teachers as intervenors}, journal = {Behavioral Disorders}, volume = {28}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

In a previous study, Serna, Nielsen, Lambros, and Forness (2000) demonstrated that a 12-week universal intervention in three Head Start classrooms significantly improved outcomes on 5 of 10 measures of symptoms or impairment in mental health, compared to outcomes for children in two control classrooms. Children meeting clinical cutoffs for mental health risk also maintained or improved their performance as a result of such primary prevention compared to control children at risk (Serna, Lambros, Nielsen, \& Forness, 2002). The present study replicated the original, except the universal intervention was not conducted by a university preschool teacher but by regular Head Start teachers. Outcomes were significant on only two of eight outcome measures. The authors discuss them in terms of efficacy versus effectiveness.

}, keywords = {child mental health, Head Start}, url = {https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-320990911/primary-prevention-in-mental-health-for-head-start}, author = {Serna, L.A. and Nielsen, E. and Mattern, N. and Forness, S.} } @article {6479, title = {Compendium of Resources | Caring for Each Other}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In response to the unprecedented uncertainty facing young children and families, Sesame Workshop{\textquoteright}s Caring for Each Other initiative marks the beginning of a commitment to support families throughout the COVID-19 health crisis with a broad variety of free resources. (See https://www.sesamestreet.org/caring)}, keywords = {COVID-19, Early childhood education, Muppets, resilience}, url = {https://www.sesamestreet.org/caring}, author = {SesameStreet} } @book {553, title = {Connectome: How the Brain{\textquoteright}s Wiring Makes Us who We are}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}, organization = {Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}, isbn = {9780547508184}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=uNDW_dQ_dlAC}, author = {Seung, S.} } @article {733, title = {Children{\textquoteleft}s Mediational Teaching Style as a Function of Intervention for Cross-Age Peer-Mediation}, journal = {School Psychology International}, volume = {25}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-02-2004}, pages = {59 - 78}, issn = {01430343}, doi = {10.1177/0143034304024782}, url = {http://spi.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0143034304024782}, author = {Shamir, Adina and Tzuriel, David} } @article {621, title = {Best Practices for Parent Education: Programs Seeking to Prevent Child Abuse}, year = {2003}, institution = {North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service}, address = {Raleigh, North Caroline}, url = {http://npen.org/pdfs/BestPra.pdf}, author = {L. C. Shannon} } @article {199, title = {Population-based provider engagement in delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions: challenges and solutions.}, journal = {J Prim Prev}, volume = {31}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Aug}, pages = {223-34}, abstract = {

Population-wide interventions do not often address parenting, and relatively little is known about large scale dissemination of evidence-based parenting interventions. Most parenting interventions are not designed to reach the majority of parents in a geographic area or to influence prevalence rates for a problem, nor do they take full advantage of the existing workforce. Implementation of parenting interventions on this scale is a complex process; examination of such efforts can inform both research and policy. The US Triple P System Population Trial, designed to reduce child maltreatment at a population level, affords a unique opportunity to examine the steps involved in launching positive parenting support at a population level via an existing provider workforce. The implementation process is described; challenges and solutions are discussed.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Abuse, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Prevalence, Preventive Health Services, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Social Support, United States}, issn = {1573-6547}, doi = {10.1007/s10935-010-0210-z}, author = {Shapiro, Cheri J and Prinz, Ronald J and Sanders, Matthew R} } @article {4731, title = {Coping and mental health outcomes among Sierra Leonean war-affected youth: Results from a longitudinal study}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, note = {Sharma, Manasi
Fine, Shoshanna L
Brennan, Robert T
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
2016/11/22 06:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Feb;29(1):11-23. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416001073. Epub 2016 Nov 21.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {11-23}, abstract = {This study explored how coping with war-related traumatic events in Sierra Leone impacted mental health outcomes among 529 youth (aged 10-17 at baseline; 25\% female) using longitudinal data from three time points (Time 1 in 2002, Time 2 in 2004, and Time 3 in 2008). We examined two types of coping items (approach and avoidance); used multiple regression models to test their relations with long-term mental health outcomes (internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, adaptive/prosocial behaviors, and posttraumatic stress symptoms); and used mediation analyses to test whether coping explained the relation between previous war exposures (being raped, death of parent(s), or killing/injuring someone during the war) and those outcomes. We found that avoidance coping items were associated with lower internalizing and posttraumatic stress behaviors at Time 3, and provided some evidence of mediating the relation between death of parent(s) during the war and the two outcomes mentioned above. Approach coping was associated with higher Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors, whereas avoidance coping was associated with lower Time 3 adaptive/prosocial behaviors. Avoidance coping may be a protective factor against mental illness, whereas approach coping may be a promotive factor for adaptive/prosocial behaviors in war-affected societies. This study has important implications for designing and implementing mental health interventions for youth in postconflict settings.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Warfare, Adolescent, Child, Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Disorders/*diagnosis/*psychology, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Sierra Leone, Social Adjustment, Violence/psychology}, isbn = {1469-2198 (Electronic)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Sharma, M. and Fine, S. L. and Brennan, R. T. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @article {398, title = {Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the family check-up in early childhood.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

Despite recent research indicating that 1 of the pivotal times for identifying pathways to early conduct problems is the toddler period, few family-based preventive interventions have been specifically designed to modify child disruptive behavior during this age period. This randomized trial tested the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up in sustaining maternal involvement and preventing the exacerbation of child conduct problems among 120 at-risk toddler-age boys, half of whom were randomly assigned to a treatment condition. The intervention was associated with reductions in disruptive behavior and greater maternal involvement and was particularly effective for children at greater risk for a persistent trajectory of conduct problems. The results are discussed in relation to other preventive interventions for young children.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention (Education), Education, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Pennsylvania, Risk, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.1}, author = {Shaw, Daniel S and Dishion, Thomas J and Supplee, Lauren and Gardner, Frances and Arnds, Karin} } @article {5516, title = {Generation of global political priority for early childhood development: the challenges of framing and governance}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {2017}, note = {Shawar, Yusra Ribhi
Shiffman, Jeremy
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2016/10/09 06:00
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):119-124. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31574-4. Epub 2016 Oct 4.}, month = {Jan 7}, pages = {119-124}, abstract = {Despite progress, early childhood development (ECD) remains a neglected issue, particularly in resource-poor countries. We analyse the challenges and opportunities that ECD proponents face in advancing global priority for the issue. We triangulated among several data sources, including 19 semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in global ECD leadership, practice, and advocacy, as well as peer-reviewed research, organisation reports, and grey literature. We undertook a thematic analysis of the collected data, drawing on social science scholarship on collective action and a policy framework that elucidates why some global initiatives are more successful in generating political priority than others. The analysis indicates that the ECD community faces two primary challenges in advancing global political priority. The first pertains to framing: generation of internal consensus on the definition of the problem and solutions, agreement that could facilitate the discovery of a public positioning of the issue that could generate political support. The second concerns governance: building of effective institutions to achieve collective goals. However, there are multiple opportunities to advance political priority for ECD, including an increasingly favourable political environment, advances in ECD metrics, and the existence of compelling arguments for investment in ECD. To advance global priority for ECD, proponents will need to surmount the framing and governance challenges and leverage these opportunities.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Health Services, *Developing Countries, *Health Policy, *Politics, Child, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Shawar, Y. R. and Shiffman, J.} } @book {554, title = {Groups in harmony and tension: an integration of studies on intergroup relations}, year = {1966}, publisher = {Octagon Books}, organization = {Octagon Books}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=uLFkAAAAIAAJ}, author = {Sherif, M. and Sherif, C.W.} } @article {5932, title = {The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {129}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, note = {1098-4275
Shonkoff, Jack P
Garner, Andrew S
Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health
Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care
Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Journal Article
United States
Pediatrics. 2012 Jan;129(1):e232-46. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2663. Epub 2011 Dec 26.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {e232-46}, edition = {2011/12/28}, abstract = {Advances in fields of inquiry as diverse as neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, developmental psychology, epidemiology, sociology, and economics are catalyzing an important paradigm shift in our understanding of health and disease across the lifespan. This converging, multidisciplinary science of human development has profound implications for our ability to enhance the life prospects of children and to strengthen the social and economic fabric of society. Drawing on these multiple streams of investigation, this report presents an ecobiodevelopmental framework that illustrates how early experiences and environmental influences can leave a lasting signature on the genetic predispositions that affect emerging brain architecture and long-term health. The report also examines extensive evidence of the disruptive impacts of toxic stress, offering intriguing insights into causal mechanisms that link early adversity to later impairments in learning, behavior, and both physical and mental well-being. The implications of this framework for the practice of medicine, in general, and pediatrics, specifically, are potentially transformational. They suggest that many adult diseases should be viewed as developmental disorders that begin early in life and that persistent health disparities associated with poverty, discrimination, or maltreatment could be reduced by the alleviation of toxic stress in childhood. An ecobiodevelopmental framework also underscores the need for new thinking about the focus and boundaries of pediatric practice. It calls for pediatricians to serve as both front-line guardians of healthy child development and strategically positioned, community leaders to inform new science-based strategies that build strong foundations for educational achievement, economic productivity, responsible citizenship, and lifelong health.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Welfare, *Health Promotion, Adult, Brain/physiopathology, Child, Preschool, Humans, Pediatrics, Physician{\textquoteright}s Role, Psychology, Child, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological/complications/*physiopathology}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2011-2663}, author = {Shonkoff, J. P. and Garner, A. S. and Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child Family Health} } @article {203, title = {Building a new biodevelopmental framework to guide the future of early childhood policy.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jan-Feb}, pages = {357-67}, abstract = {

Four decades of early childhood policy and program development indicate that evidence-based interventions can improve life outcomes, and dramatic advances in the biological and behavioral sciences now provide an opportunity to augment those impacts. The challenge of reducing the gap between what we know and what we do to promote the healthy development of young children is to view current best practices as a starting point and to leverage scientific concepts to inspire fresh thinking. This article offers an integrated, biodevelopmental framework to promote greater understanding of the antecedents and causal pathways that lead to disparities in health, learning, and behavior in order to inform the development of enhanced theories of change to drive innovation in policies and programs.

}, keywords = {Child, Child Development, Health Policy, Health Promotion, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Psychological Theory}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01399.x}, author = {Shonkoff, Jack P} } @article {3126, title = {Expanding the evidence base to drive more productive early childhood investment}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {389}, number = {10064}, year = {Submitted}, pages = {14-16}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0140-6736}, author = {Shonkoff, Jack P. and Radner, James M. and Foote, Nathaniel} } @article {5933, title = {An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {129}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {1098-4275
Shonkoff, Jack P
Richter, Linda
van der Gaag, Jacques
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Pediatrics. 2012 Feb;129(2):e460-72. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0366. Epub 2012 Jan 4.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e460-72}, edition = {2012/01/06}, abstract = {Building a strong foundation for healthy development in the early years of life is a prerequisite for individual well-being, economic productivity, and harmonious societies around the world. Growing scientific evidence also demonstrates that social and physical environments that threaten human development (because of scarcity, stress, or instability) can lead to short-term physiologic and psychological adjustments that are necessary for immediate survival and adaptation, but which may come at a significant cost to long-term outcomes in learning, behavior, health, and longevity. Generally speaking, ministries of health prioritize child survival and physical well-being, ministries of education focus on schooling, ministries of finance promote economic development, and ministries of welfare address breakdowns across multiple domains of function. Advances in the biological and social sciences offer a unifying framework for generating significant societal benefits by catalyzing greater synergy across these policy sectors. This synergy could inform more effective and efficient investments both to increase the survival of children born under adverse circumstances and to improve life outcomes for those who live beyond the early childhood period yet face high risks for diminished life prospects.}, keywords = {*Child Mortality, *Health Policy, *Health Status Disparities, *Poverty, *Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/*etiology/*mortality, Early Intervention (Education), Female, Global Health, Health Priorities, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Risk Factors}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2011-0366}, author = {Shonkoff, J. P. and Richter, L. and van der Gaag, J. and Bhutta, Z. A.} } @article {460, title = {Sexual Offenses Among Children in the North of Jordan: An Exploratory Study.}, journal = {J Child Sex Abus}, volume = {24}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {538-54}, abstract = {

Sexual offenses are an important global health problem threatening people of all age groups. There are no reported studies regarding sexual violence among children in Jordan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the problem of sexual violence among children in the Northern region of Jordan. A retrospective design was adopted to review all reports from the Forensic Medicine Teaching Center of North of Jordan clinic on cases of sexual-related assaults that occurred between 2003 and 2007. Reports were reviewed for age, gender, toxicological analysis, and relevant information provided by victims and their relatives. Results indicated that 53\% of the cases were male victims, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Ages ranged from 3 to 18 years with a mean age of 12.5 years. Most cases were considered indecent assaults, while 37.1\% were cases of rape. In most cases, offenders were strangers. It could be concluded that Jordanian children are as susceptible to sexual assaults as their counterparts worldwide. This study is the first to report sexual offenses among children in Jordan. As such, it provides baseline data that can be used to inform policy and prevention strategies focused on reducing sexual violence among this vulnerable segment of the Jordanian population.

}, issn = {1547-0679}, doi = {10.1080/10538712.2015.1042181}, author = {Shotar, Ali M and Alzyoud, Sukaina and Oweis, Arwa and Alhawamdeh, Khalid A and Khoshnood, Kaveh} } @article {691, title = {Parenting education and support policies and their consequences in selected OECD countries}, journal = {Children and Youth Services ReviewChildren and Youth Services ReviewChildren and Youth Services Review}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, year = {2009}, note = {438qm
Times Cited:7
Cited References Count:46}, month = {May}, pages = {526-532}, abstract = {

Given the raised profile that parenting support and education is currently receiving on government family policy agendas in many nations, this paper reviews the ways in which parenting support and education policies are embedded within eight OECD countries. Drawing out the similarities and differences of policy and practice, and comparing the financial support each country affords to parenting support, it assesses the effectiveness of parenting support programmes in relation to national expenditure and links parenting policy to child outcomes. The paper concludes with some recommendations for policy makers and programme developers.
The countries reviewed are: The UK, Netherlands, Canada, Ireland, the US, Finland, Australia and New Zealand. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {Achievement, children, early childhood services, parenting support and education, Parents}, isbn = {0190-7409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.10.010}, author = {Shulruf, B. and O{\textquoteright}Loughlin, C. and Tolley, H.} } @article {399, title = {Mediation as a method of parent intervention in children{\textquoteright}s disputes.}, journal = {J Fam Psychol}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, month = {2004 Mar}, pages = {147-59}, abstract = {

This study examined the feasibility and short-term effects of mothers\&$\#$39; use of mediation to help children (5 to 8 years) resolve disputes. Families in which mothers were trained to use mediation were compared with control families on intervention strategies at home and discussion of a recurring conflict in the laboratory. With training, mothers could use mediation strategies, and these strategies were favored by both mothers and children. Children responded appropriately to mediation (reasoning, discussing emotions, and understanding motivations more often than in control families). Mediation empowered children, particularly younger siblings, to solve conflict issues. Although questions of the long-term implications of mediation remain, this study suggests that mediation may be a powerful parenting tool, promoting social understanding and productive conflict resolution.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Conflict (Psychology), Feasibility Studies, Helping Behavior, Humans, Middle Aged, Mothers, Negotiating, Parenting, Sibling Relations}, issn = {0893-3200}, doi = {10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.147}, author = {Siddiqui, Afshan and Ross, Hildy} } @article {400, title = {Differential effects of a nurse home-visiting intervention on physically aggressive behavior in children.}, journal = {J Pediatr Nurs}, volume = {25}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Feb}, pages = {35-45}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine the differential effects of nurse home visiting (NV) on physical aggression (PA) among children aged 2-12 years.

METHODS: This study used secondary data analysis from a randomized trial of NV intervention.

RESULTS: There were significant reductions in PA observed among NV girls at 2 years old and NV children of high-psychological-resource mothers at 6 and 12 years old. Mediation analyses suggest that reductions in PA yield increased verbal ability among girls.

CONCLUSIONS: Differential effects of intervention on PA by gender and mother\&$\#$39;s psychological resources highlight the importance of subgroup analyses. Identification of groups most likely to benefit may lead to more successful interventions.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Aggression, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Community Health Nursing, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Home Care Services, House Calls, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Nursing Evaluation Research, Postnatal Care, Program Evaluation, Sex Factors, Tennessee, Young Adult}, issn = {1532-8449}, doi = {10.1016/j.pedn.2008.07.011}, author = {Sidora-Arcoleo, Kimberly and Anson, Elizabeth and Lorber, Michael and Cole, Robert and Olds, David and Kitzman, Harriet} } @article {204, title = {Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience.}, journal = {Int J Law Psychiatry}, volume = {32}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Jul-Aug}, pages = {209-15}, abstract = {

The present paper reviews and summarizes the basic findings concerning the nature of the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of aggression and rage. For heuristic purposes, the types of aggression will be reduced to two categories - defensive rage (affective defense) and predatory attack. This approach helps explain both the behavioral properties of aggression as well as the underlying neural substrates and mechanisms of aggression both in animals and humans. Defensive rage behavior is activated by a threatening stimulus that is real or perceived and is associated with marked sympathetic output. This yields impulsivity with minimal cortical involvement. Predatory attack behavior in both animals and humans is generally planned, taking minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or even years (with respect to humans) for it to occur and is directed upon a specific individual target; it reflects few outward sympathetic signs and is believed to require cortical involvement for its expression. Predatory attack requires activation of the lateral hypothalamus, while defensive rage requires activation of the medial hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Both forms of aggressive behavior are controlled by components of the limbic system, a region of the forebrain that is influenced by sensory inputs from the cerebral cortex and monoaminergic inputs from the brainstem reticular formation. Control of aggressive tendencies is partly modifiable through conditioning and related learning principles generated through the cerebral cortex.

}, keywords = {Aggression, Animals, Biogenic Amines, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Limbic System, Neurosciences, Predatory Behavior, Serotonin, Violence}, issn = {1873-6386}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.06.001}, author = {Siegel, Allan and Victoroff, Jeff} } @article {734, title = {Prevention of child maltreatment in high-risk rural families: A randomized clinical trial with child welfare outcomes}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-08-2011}, pages = {1435 - 1444}, issn = {01907409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.023}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190740911001459http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001459?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911001459?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Silovsky, Jane F. and Bard, David and Chaffin, Mark and Hecht, Debra and Burris, Lorena and Owora, Arthur and Beasley, Lana and Doughty, Debbie and Lutzker, John} } @article {3411, title = {Education and Social Cohesion Country Report: South Africa}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, institution = {Centre for International Teacher Education (CITE)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT)
UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Suss}, author = {W. Sirkotte-Kriel and Yusuf Sayed and Y. Sayed and A. Badroodien and Z. McDonald and A. Hanayo and T. Salmon and L. Balie and T. De Kock and K. Foulds and J. Gaston and C. Garisch} } @article {205, title = {Plasma oxytocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depression.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Aug}, pages = {1886-93}, abstract = {

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 19\% of all women after parturition. The non-apeptide oxytocin (OXT) is involved in adjustment to pregnancy, maternal behavior, and bonding. Our aim was to examine the possible association between plasma OXT during pregnancy and the development of PPD symptoms. A total of 74 healthy, pregnant women were included in this prospective study. During the third trimester of pregnancy and within 2 weeks after parturition, PPD symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Blood samples for plasma OXT assessment were collected in the third trimester. Following the literature, participants with postpartum EPDS scores of 10 or more were regarded as being at risk for PPD development (rPPD group). In a logistic regression analysis, plasma OXT was included as a potential predictor for being at risk for PPD. Results were controlled for prepartal EPDS score, sociodemographic and birth-outcome variables. Plasma OXT concentration in mid-pregnancy significantly predicted PPD symptoms at 2 weeks postpartum. Compared with the no-risk-for-PPD group, the rPPD group was characterized by lower plasma OXT concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between prepartal plasma OXT concentration and postpartal symptoms of PPD in humans. Assuming a causal relationship, enhancing OXT release during pregnancy could serve as a potential target in prepartum PPD prevention, and help to minimize adverse effects of PPD on the mother-child relationship.

}, keywords = {Adult, Biological Markers, Depression, Postpartum, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Oxytocin, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2011.74}, author = {Skrundz, Marta and Bolten, Margarete and Nast, Irina and Hellhammer, Dirk H and Meinlschmidt, Gunther} } @article {206, title = {Minding the baby a reflective parenting program.}, journal = {Psychoanal Study Child}, volume = {60}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {74-100}, abstract = {

Minding the Baby, an interdisciplinary, relationship based home visiting program, was initiated to help young, at-risk new mothers keep their babies (and themselves) \"in mind\" in a variety of ways. The intervention--delivered by a team that includes a nurse practitioner and clinical social worker--uses a mentalization based approach; that is, we work with mothers and babies in a variety of ways to develop mothers\&$\#$39; reflective capacities. This approach--which is an adaptation of both nurse home visiting and infant-parent psychotherapy models--seems particularly well suited to highly traumatized mothers and their families, as it is aimed at addressing the particular relationship disruptions that stem from mothers\&$\#$39; early trauma and derailed attachment history. We discuss the history of psychoanalytically oriented and attachment based mother-infant intervention, the theoretical assumptions of mentalization theory, and provide an overview of the Minding the Baby program. The treatments of two teenage mothers and their infants are described.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child of Impaired Parents, Education, Family Therapy, Female, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Life Change Events, Male, Mothers, Patient Care Team, Personal Construct Theory, Psychoanalytic Therapy, Reactive Attachment Disorder}, issn = {0079-7308}, author = {Slade, Arietta and Sadler, Lois and De Dios-Kenn, Cheryl and Webb, Denise and Currier-Ezepchick, Janice and Mayes, Linda} } @article {735, title = {The PEACE Pack: an evaluation of interventions to reduce bullying in four Australian primary schools}, journal = {Educational Research}, volume = {49}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-06-2007}, pages = {103 - 114}, issn = {0013-1881}, doi = {10.1080/00131880701369610}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00131880701369610}, author = {Slee, Phillip T. and Mohyla, Jury} } @article {5071, title = {Racial Disparities in Child Adversity in the U.S.: Interactions With Family Immigration History and Income}, journal = {Am J Prev Med}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, note = {Slopen, Natalie
Shonkoff, Jack P
Albert, Michelle A
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Jacobs, Aryana
Stoltz, Rebecca
Williams, David R
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Netherlands
2015/09/08 06:00
Am J Prev Med. 2016 Jan;50(1):47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.013. Epub 2015 Sep 2.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {47-56}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Childhood adversity is an under-addressed dimension of primary prevention of disease in children and adults. Evidence shows racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterning of childhood adversity in the U.S., yet data on the interaction of race/ethnicity and SES for exposure risk is limited, particularly with consideration of immigration history. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in nine adversities among children (from birth to age 17 years) in the National Survey of Child Health (2011-2012) and determined how differences vary by immigration history and income (N=84,837). METHODS: We estimated cumulative adversity and individual adversity prevalences among white, black, and Hispanic children of U.S.-born and immigrant parents. We examined whether family income mediated the relationship between race/ethnicity and exposure to adversities, and tested interactions (analyses conducted in 2014-2015). RESULTS: Across all groups, black and Hispanic children were exposed to more adversities compared with white children, and income disparities in exposure were larger than racial/ethnic disparities. For children of U.S.-born parents, these patterns of racial/ethnic and income differences were present for most individual adversities. Among children of immigrant parents, there were few racial/ethnic differences for individual adversities and income gradients were inconsistent. Among children of U.S.-born parents, the Hispanic-white disparity in exposure to adversities persisted after adjustment for income, and racial/ethnic disparities in adversity were largest among children from high-income families. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous consideration of multiple social statuses offers promising frameworks for fresh thinking about the distribution of disease and the design of targeted interventions to reduce preventable health disparities.}, keywords = {*Continental Population Groups, *Health Status Disparities, Adolescent, Child, Child Welfare/*ethnology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Ethnic Groups/statistics \& numerical data, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Income/*statistics \& numerical data, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States}, isbn = {1873-2607 (Electronic)
0749-3797 (Linking)}, author = {Slopen, N. and Shonkoff, J. P. and Albert, M. A. and Yoshikawa, H. and Jacobs, A. and Stoltz, R. and Williams, D. R.} } @book {555, title = {School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives}, year = {1994}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, isbn = {9780415103732}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=K4nh6ZggMF8C}, author = {Smith, P.K. and Sharp, S.} } @article {3311, title = {Gender, Education, and Peacebuilding: A review of selected Learning for Peace case studies}, year = {2016}, institution = {Learning for Peace}, url = {https://eccnetwork.net/wp-content/uploads/Gender-Education-and-Peacebuilding-A-Review-of-Learning-for-Peace-Case-Studies.pdf}, author = {Judy El-Bushra and Emilie Rees Smith}, editor = {Lisa Drysdale} } @article {3306, title = {The Integration of Education and Peacebuilding: A Review of the Literature}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, institution = {UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Sussex
UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, author = {Alan Smith and Christine Ellison} } @article {3301, title = {The Integration of Education and Peacebuilding: Synthesis Report on Findings from Myanmar, Pakistan, South Africa and Uganda}, year = {2015}, month = {March 2016}, institution = {UNICEF
Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam
Centre for International Education, University of Sussex
UNESCO Centre at Ulster University}, author = {Alan Smith and Simone Datzberger and Alan McCully} } @article {461, title = {A paternal environmental legacy: evidence for epigenetic inheritance through the male germ line.}, journal = {Bioessays}, volume = {36}, year = {2014}, month = {2014 Apr}, pages = {359-71}, abstract = {

Literature on maternal exposures and the risk of epigenetic changes or diseases in the offspring is growing. Paternal contributions are often not considered. However, some animal and epidemiologic studies on various contaminants, nutrition, and lifestyle-related conditions suggest a paternal influence on the offspring\&$\#$39;s future health. The phenotypic outcomes may have been attributed to DNA damage or mutations, but increasing evidence shows that the inheritance of environmentally induced functional changes of the genome, and related disorders, are (also) driven by epigenetic components. In this essay we suggest the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility to environmental insults during sperm development. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs are viable mechanistic candidates for a non-genetic transfer of paternal environmental information, from maturing germ cell to zygote. Inclusion of paternal factors in future research will ultimately improve the understanding of transgenerational epigenetic plasticity and health-related effects in future generations.

}, keywords = {Animals, Diet, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genomic Imprinting, Histones, Humans, Life Style, Male, Obesity, Paternal Exposure, Radiation, Ionizing, RNA, Untranslated, Spermatogenesis, Spermatozoa, Zygote}, issn = {1521-1878}, doi = {10.1002/bies.201300113}, author = {Soubry, Adelheid and Hoyo, Cathrine and Jirtle, Randy L and Murphy, Susan K} } @article {462, title = {Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives.}, journal = {Eur J Psychotraumatol}, volume = {5}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, abstract = {

In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).

}, issn = {2000-8066}, doi = {10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338}, author = {Southwick, S. M. and Bonanno, G. A. and Masten, A. S. and Panter-Brick, C. and Yehuda, R.} } @book {5740, title = {Celebrating childhood: A journey to end violence against children}, year = {2016}, publisher = {United Nations}, organization = {United Nations}, abstract = {This book is about what ending violence against children takes, means and brings. It{\textquoteright}s a celebration of childhood and a manifesto for a world where children can grow with dignity and free from violence. It gathers inspiring testimonies of people whose talent and time are bringing us closer to a world of nonviolence for all children. The contributors are remarkable people of all ages and backgrounds. They are visionary leaders and child rights defenders, scholars and artists, all of whom have demonstrated decisive commitment to build a better world for children. We trust that you will be inspired by the personal stories, the professional achievements and the dreams and creations presented in this book. In the countdown to 2030, everybody counts. Children want to count on you! Every citizen of the world can be an agent of change. And this can inspire others to bring about the change we need.}, keywords = {early childhood, violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/document_files/celebrating_childhood_report.pdf}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {5739, title = {Violence prevention must start in early childhood}, year = {2018}, institution = {UN Office of the Special Representative to the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {early childhood, violence against children}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/documents/publications/earlychildhood.pdf}, author = {SRSGVAC and Pais, M. S.} } @article {5982, title = {Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary - General on violence against children}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {violence prevention}, url = {https://undocs.org/A/HRC/40/50}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {7172, title = {Children as agents of positive change. A mapping of children{\textquoteright}s initiatives across regions, towards an inclusive and healthy world free from violence}, year = {2021}, institution = {UN Special Representative to the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {violence prevention, youth leadership}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/children-agents-positive-change-mapping-children\%E2\%80\%99s-initiatives-across-regions-towards-inclusive}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {6278, title = {Keeping the promise: Ending violence against children by 2030}, year = {2019}, institution = {Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child marriage, child rights, child sexual violence, corporal punishment, displaced children, policy framework, violence against children}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/news/keeping-promise-ending-violence-against-children-2030}, author = {SRSGVAC} } @article {712, title = {Early Childhood Programs in Two Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and Israel}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, volume = {108}, number = {43-46}, year = {2007}, author = {Bernard van Leer Foundation Program Staff} } @article {6140, title = {The Ethical and Public Health Implications of Family Separation}, journal = {The Journal of Law, Medicine \& Ethics}, volume = {47}, year = {2019}, month = {Dec-06-2019}, pages = {91 - 94}, keywords = {family separation, immigrant children, immigration policy}, issn = {1073-1105}, doi = {10.1177/1073110519857327}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1073110519857327}, author = {Stange, Mia and Stark, Brett} } @inbook {5664, title = {How do events and relationships in childhood set the stage for peace at personal and social levels?}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {185 - 210}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {This chapter focuses on early childhood experiences and how they may contribute to cooperative and peaceful behaviors and outcomes in the later childhood years and into adulthood. Five interrelated topics are explored: (a) universal tensions ever pushing us toward competition or cooperation; (b) socioeconomic inequities that powerfully constrain children{\textquoteright}s (and adult{\textquoteright}s) potential to contribute to and participate in a healthy and peaceful society; (c) the protective and enabling forces of the early caregiving environment when it is sensitive and responsive to children{\textquoteright}s needs; (d) the malevolent, if culturally understandable, influences of harsh parenting practices and child abuse; and (e) a summary of early psychological interventions that promote sensitive parenting and secure attachments well known to be associated with cooperative, nonviolent behaviors across childhood and beyond. Each section is punctuated by suggestions for further research and public policy developments (national and international) that could further advance the cause of peace.}, keywords = {caregiving, competition, cooperation, early childhood interventions, harsh parenting}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0011}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {Steele, Howard and van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J. and Thomas Boyce, W. and Dozier, Mary and Fox, Nathan A. and Keller, Heidi and Maestripieri, Dario and Oburu, Paul Odhiambo and Otto, Hiltrud}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {5845, title = {Fathers{\textquoteright} experiences with their preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-method study}, journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing}, volume = {74}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-05-2018}, pages = {1090 - 1098}, doi = {10.1111/jan.2018.74.issue-510.1111/jan.13527}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jan.2018.74.issue-5http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jan.13527http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/jan.13527/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fjan.13527}, author = {Stefana, Alberto and Padovani, Ezio Maria and Biban, Paolo and Lavelli, Manuela} } @article {4551, title = {Risk and resilience: early manipulation of macaque social experience and persistent behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes}, journal = {J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {Stevens, Hanna E
Leckman, James F
Coplan, Jeremy D
Suomi, Stephen J
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Review
2009/01/08 09:00
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;48(2):114-27. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318193064c.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {114-27}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the contributions of research on nonhuman primates, specifically macaque monkeys, to the understanding of early social stress and its effects on behavior and neurophysiology. METHOD: Review and synthesis of two bodies of work on macaque monkeys and early social manipulation: peer rearing and variable foraging demands. The literature was searched with Medline using key terms macaque, variable foraging, and peer rearing. The reference lists of these articles were also used to generate potential studies for review. RESULTS: Nonhuman primate macaques show similarities to humans in their social development and functioning. Peer rearing of young macaques and rearing of young macaques with mothers experiencing variable foraging conditions both result in increased anxious, impulsive, and aggressive temperament and behavior; more reactive stress physiology; altered neurotransmitter functioning; and immune and metabolic changes. Functional variants of specific genes that code for neuromodulators are mediators of these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Disrupted social relations during macaque rearing contribute to the risk for developing emotional and neurophysiological disturbance. In the face of such disruption, certain genotypes contribute to resilience. This can be alternately stated that, for animals of high-risk genotypes, resilience is conferred by quality relationships during rearing. This interaction of genetics with early social environment also applies to child mental health, implicating biological mediators identified in macaques as contributing to more complex outcomes in humans.}, keywords = {*Mother-Child Relations, *Neurophysiology, *Resilience, Psychological, *Stress, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/physiology/*psychology, Animals, Child, Child Behavior/physiology/*psychology, Child Development/*physiology, Child Rearing/*psychology, Child, Preschool, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Macaca, Neurotransmitter Agents/genetics, Risk, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Temperament/physiology}, isbn = {1527-5418 (Electronic)
0890-8567 (Linking)}, author = {Stevens, H. E. and Leckman, J. F. and Coplan, J. D. and Suomi, S. J.} } @article {401, title = {Shaken baby syndrome and a triple-dose strategy for its prevention.}, journal = {J Trauma}, volume = {71}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Dec}, pages = {1801-7}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVES: Inflicted traumatic brain injury associated with Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a leading cause of injury mortality and morbidity in infants. A triple-dose SBS prevention program was implemented with the aim to reduce the incidence of SBS. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of SBS, the triple-dose prevention program, and its evaluation.

METHODS: Descriptive and spatial epidemiologic profiles of SBS cases treated at Children\&$\#$39;s Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, from 1991 to 2010 were created. Dose 1 (in-hospital education): pre-post impact evaluation of registered nurse training, with a questionnaire developed to assess parents\&$\#$39; satisfaction with the program. Dose 2 (public health home visits): process evaluation of additional education given to new parents. Dose 3 (media campaign): a questionnaire developed to rate the importance of factors on a 7-point Likert scale. These factors were used to create weights for statistical modeling and mapping within a geographic information system to target prevention ads.

RESULTS: Forty-three percent of severe infant injuries were intentional. A total of 54 SBS cases were identified. The mean age was 6.7 months (standard deviation, 10.9 months), with 61\% of infant males. The mean Injury Severity Score was 26.3 (standard deviation, 5.5) with a 19\% mortality rate. Registered nurses learned new information on crying patterns and SBS, with a 47\% increase in knowledge posttraining (p \< 0.001). Over 10,000 parents were educated in-hospital, a 93\% education compliance rate. Nearly all parents (93\%) rated the program as useful, citing \"what to do when the crying becomes frustrating\" as the most important message. Only 6\% of families needed to be educated during home visits. Locations of families with a new baby, high population density, and percentage of lone parents were found to be the most important factors for selecting media sites. The spatial analysis revealed six areas needed to be targeted for ad locations.

CONCLUSIONS: SBS is a devastating intentional injury that often results in poor outcomes for the child. Implementing a triple-dose prevention program that provides education on crying patterns, coping strategies, and the dangers of shaking is key to SBS prevention. The program increased knowledge. Parents rated the program as useful. The media campaign allowed us to extend the primary prevention beyond new parents to help create a cultural change in the way crying, the primary trigger for SBS, is viewed. Targeting our intervention increased the likelihood that our message was reaching the population in greatest need.

}, keywords = {Brain Concussion, Child Abuse, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Hospitals, Pediatric, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant Welfare, Infant, Newborn, Male, Ontario, Organizational Innovation, Parents, Primary Prevention, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Questionnaires, Risk Assessment, Shaken Baby Syndrome}, issn = {1529-8809}, doi = {10.1097/TA.0b013e31823c484a}, author = {Stewart, Tanya Charyk and Polgar, Denise and Gilliland, Jason and Tanner, David A and Girotti, Murray J and Parry, Neil and Fraser, Douglas D} } @article {6106, title = {A randomized pilot trial of two parenting interventions for fathers in residential substance use disorder treatment}, journal = {Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment}, volume = {104}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-09-2019}, pages = {116 - 127}, issn = {07405472}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsat.2019.07.003}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074054721930203X}, author = {Stover, Carla Smith and McMahon, Thomas J. and Moore, Kathleen} } @article {207, title = {Adult attachment predicts maternal brain and oxytocin response to infant cues.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {34}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Dec}, pages = {2655-66}, abstract = {

Infant cues, such as smiling or crying facial expressions, are powerful motivators of human maternal behavior, activating dopamine-associated brain reward circuits. Oxytocin, a neurohormone of attachment, promotes maternal care in animals, although its role in human maternal behavior is unclear. We examined 30 first-time new mothers to test whether differences in attachment, based on the Adult Attachment Interview, were related to brain reward and peripheral oxytocin response to infant cues. On viewing their own infant\&$\#$39;s smiling and crying faces during functional MRI scanning, mothers with secure attachment showed greater activation of brain reward regions, including the ventral striatum, and the oxytocin-associated hypothalamus/pituitary region. Peripheral oxytocin response to infant contact at 7 months was also significantly higher in secure mothers, and was positively correlated with brain activation in both regions. Insecure/dismissing mothers showed greater insular activation in response to their own infant\&$\#$39;s sad faces. These results suggest that individual differences in maternal attachment may be linked with development of the dopaminergic and oxytocinergic neuroendocrine systems.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cues, Epinephrine, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Norepinephrine, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Reward}, issn = {1740-634X}, doi = {10.1038/npp.2009.103}, author = {Strathearn, Lane and Fonagy, Peter and Amico, Janet and Montague, P Read} } @article {208, title = {Typologies of family functioning and children{\textquoteright}s adjustment during the early school years.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {81}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Jul-Aug}, pages = {1320-35}, abstract = {

Guided by family systems theory, the present study sought to identify patterns of family functioning from observational assessments of interparental, parent-child, and triadic contexts. In addition, it charted the implications for patterns of family functioning for children\&$\#$39;s developmental trajectories of adjustment in the school context across the early school years. Two-hundred thirty-four kindergarten children (129 girls and 105 boys; mean age = 6.0 years, SD = 0.50 at Wave 1) and their parents participated in this multimethod, 3-year longitudinal investigation. As expected, latent class analyses extracted 3 primary typologies of functioning including: (a) cohesive, (b) enmeshed, and (c) disengaged families. Furthermore, family patterns were differentially associated with children\&$\#$39;s maladaptive adjustment trajectories in the school context. The findings highlight the developmental utility of incorporating pattern-based approaches to family functioning.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Statistical, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Schools, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Students}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01471.x}, author = {Sturge-Apple, Melissa L and Davies, Patrick T and Cummings, E Mark} } @article {5076, title = {Undocumented status: implications for child development, policy, and ethical research}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2013}, number = {141}, year = {2013}, note = {Suarez-Orozco, Carola
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Review
2013/09/17 06:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2013 Fall;2013(141):61-78. doi: 10.1002/cad.20043.}, month = {Fall}, pages = {61-78}, abstract = {Nearly 5.5 million children in the United States grow up in the shadows of undocumented status. We review the ecological domains of influence in children{\textquoteright}s and adolescents{\textquoteright} lives and briefly consider health, cognitive, socioemotional, educational, and labor market outcomes ripe for study. We also reflect upon the ethical policy implications of this growing demographic group and consider research strategies in conducting ethical research with this population.}, keywords = {*Social Environment, Adolescent, Adolescent Development/*physiology, Biomedical Research/ethics/legislation \& jurisprudence/*standards, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Emigrants and Immigrants/legislation \& jurisprudence/*psychology, Humans, United States}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Suarez-Orozco, C. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {403, title = {Parenting Interventions for Drug-Dependent Mothers and Their Young Children: The Case for an Attachment-Based Approach.}, journal = {Fam Relat}, volume = {55}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Apr}, pages = {211-226}, abstract = {

Maternal substance abuse is the most common factor involved when children come to the attention of the child welfare system. Although there is a clear need for clinical trials to evaluate parenting interventions for drug-dependent women, few studies to date have systematically examined the efficacy of interventions for this population. We first review six published reports of outpatient interventions that aimed to enhance the caregiving skills of substance-abusing mothers caring for children between birth and 5 years of age. After discussing implications of these preliminary studies, we then describe an attachment-based intervention that addresses these implications and has demonstrated preliminary feasibility in a pilot trial.

}, issn = {0197-6664}, doi = {10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00371.x}, author = {Suchman, Nancy and Pajulo, Marjukka and DeCoste, Cindy and Mayes, Linda} } @article {402, title = {The Mothers and Toddlers Program, an attachment-based parenting intervention for substance using women: post-treatment results from a randomized clinical pilot.}, journal = {Attach Hum Dev}, volume = {12}, year = {2010}, month = {2010 Sep}, pages = {483-504}, abstract = {

This is a report of post-treatment findings from a completed randomized pilot study testing the preliminary efficacy of the Mothers and Toddlers Program (MTP), a 12 week attachment-based individual parenting therapy for mothers enrolled in substance abuse treatment and caring for children ages birth to 36 months. Forty-seven mothers were randomized to MTP versus the Parent Education Program (PE), a comparison intervention providing individual case management and child guidance brochures. At post-treatment, MTP mothers demonstrated better reflective functioning in the Parent Development Interview, representational coherence and sensitivity, and caregiving behavior than PE mothers. Partial support was also found for proposed mechanisms of change in the MTP model. Together, preliminary findings suggest that attachment-based interventions may be more effective than traditional parent training for enhancing relationships between substance using women and their young children.

}, keywords = {Adult, Caregivers, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intention to Treat Analysis, Interviews as Topic, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Object Attachment, Parenting, Pilot Projects, Substance-Related Disorders, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult}, issn = {1469-2988}, doi = {10.1080/14616734.2010.501983}, author = {Suchman, Nancy E and DeCoste, Cindy and Castiglioni, Nicole and McMahon, Thomas J and Rounsaville, Bruce and Mayes, Linda} } @article {463, title = {Conserved epigenetic sensitivity to early life experience in the rat and human hippocampus.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {109 Suppl 2}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Oct 16}, pages = {17266-72}, abstract = {

Early life experience is associated with long-term effects on behavior and epigenetic programming of the NR3C1 (GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR) gene in the hippocampus of both rats and humans. However, it is unlikely that such effects completely capture the evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mechanisms of early adaptation to environment. Here we present DNA methylation profiles spanning 6.5 million base pairs centered at the NR3C1 gene in the hippocampus of humans who experienced abuse as children and nonabused controls. We compare these profiles to corresponding DNA methylation profiles in rats that received differential levels of maternal care. The profiles of both species reveal hundreds of DNA methylation differences associated with early life experience distributed across the entire region in nonrandom patterns. For instance, methylation differences tend to cluster by genomic location, forming clusters covering as many as 1 million bases. Even more surprisingly, these differences seem to specifically target regulatory regions such as gene promoters, particularly those of the protocadherin \α, \β, and \γ gene families. Beyond these high-level similarities, more detailed analyses reveal methylation differences likely stemming from the significant biological and environmental differences between species. These results provide support for an analogous cross-species epigenetic regulatory response at the level of the genomic region to early life experience.

}, keywords = {Animals, Cadherins, Child, Child Abuse, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Gene-Environment Interaction, Hippocampus, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Multigene Family, Rats, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Species Specificity}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1121260109}, author = {Suderman, Matthew and McGowan, Patrick O and Sasaki, Aya and Huang, Tony C T and Hallett, Michael T and Meaney, Michael J and Turecki, Gustavo and Szyf, Moshe} } @article {5934, title = {Is early childhood relevant to peacebuilding?}, journal = {J Peacebuilding Develop}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, year = {2013}, pages = {81-85}, abstract = {The general themes of early childhood and peacebuilding barely intersect, whether in scientific research, policy or practice. Yet recent studies emerging from different disciplines such as neurobiology, developmental psychology, family studies, intercultural contact and conflict resolution are beginning to point to the potential value of multifaceted approaches that can draw connections between early childhood and peace at various levels, such as family, community, or beyond, whether defined negatively as {\textquoteleft}absence of violence{\textquoteright} or positively as {\textquoteleft}a condition of security, justice and dignity within and between groups{\textquoteright}. Such a comprehensive perspective is promising, in terms both of developing a better understanding of the myriad factors involved and of achieving impactful interventions.

This briefing describes very briefly some of the background supporting the connection between early childhood and peace, and then presents the results of a poll of experts regarding various aspects of the relationship. It concludes by suggesting that future studies will profit by considering early childhood development (ECD) and peacebuilding together rather than separately.}, keywords = {early experience, early childhood intervention, violence reduction, peacebuilding, neurobiology and peace}, doi = {10.1080/15423166.2013.865493}, author = {Sunar, D. and K{\^a}{\u g}{\i}t{\c c}{\i}ba{\c s}{\i}, {\c C}. and Leckman, J. F. and Britto, P. and Panter-Brick, C. and Pruett, K. and Reyes, M. and Hodges, W. and Zonderman, A. and Yazgan, Y., and G{\"o}ksel , A. and Sirali, Y.} } @article {4546, title = {Maternal brain response to own baby-cry is affected by cesarean section delivery}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, number = {10}, year = {2008}, note = {Swain, James E
Tasgin, Esra
Mayes, Linda C
Feldman, Ruth
Constable, R Todd
Leckman, James F
eng
K05 DA020091-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K05MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05 DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
T32 MH018268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05 MH076273/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
K05DA020091/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/
K05 MH076273-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Controlled Clinical Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2008/09/06 09:00
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Oct;49(10):1042-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01963.x. Epub 2008 Sep 3.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {1042-52}, abstract = {A range of early circumstances surrounding the birth of a child affects peripartum hormones, parental behavior and infant wellbeing. One of these factors, which may lead to postpartum depression, is the mode of delivery: vaginal delivery (VD) or cesarean section delivery (CSD). To test the hypothesis that CSD mothers would be less responsive to own baby-cry stimuli than VD mothers in the immediate postpartum period, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging, 2-4 weeks after delivery, of the brains of six mothers who delivered vaginally and six who had an elective CSD. VD mothers{\textquoteright} brains were significantly more responsive than CSD mothers{\textquoteright} brains to their own baby-cry in the superior and middle temporal gyri, superior frontal gyrus, medial fusiform gyrus, superior parietal lobe, as well as regions of the caudate, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and pons. Also, within preferentially active regions of VD brains, there were correlations across all 12 mothers with out-of-magnet variables. These include correlations between own baby-cry responses in the left and right lenticular nuclei and parental preoccupations (r = .64, p < .05 and .67, p < .05 respectively), as well as in the superior frontal cortex and Beck depression inventory (r = .78, p < .01). First this suggests that VD mothers are more sensitive to own baby-cry than CSD mothers in the early postpartum in sensory processing, empathy, arousal, motivation, reward and habit-regulation circuits. Second, independent of mode of delivery, parental worries and mood are related to specific brain activations in response to own baby-cry.}, keywords = {*Crying, *Maternal Behavior, *Parenting, Adult, Brain/*physiology, Cesarean Section/*psychology, Connecticut, Echo-Planar Imaging, Empathy, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Postpartum Period}, isbn = {1469-7610 (Electronic)
0021-9630 (Linking)}, author = {Swain, J. E. and Tasgin, E. and Mayes, L. C. and Feldman, R. and Constable, R. T. and Leckman, J. F.} } @article {464, title = {DNA methylation: a mechanism for embedding early life experiences in the genome.}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, year = {2013}, month = {2013 Jan-Feb}, pages = {49-57}, abstract = {

Although epidemiological data provide evidence that early life experience plays a critical role in human development, the mechanism of how this works remains in question. Recent data from human and animal literature suggest that epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are involved not only in cellular differentiation but also in the modulation of genome function in response to early life experience affecting gene function and the phenotype. Such modulations may serve as a mechanism for life-long genome adaptation. These changes seem to be widely distributed across the genome and to involve central and peripheral systems. Examining the environmental circumstances associated with the onset and reversal of DNA methylation will be critical for understanding risk and resiliency.

}, keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genome, Human, Humans, Life Change Events, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Stress, Psychological}, issn = {1467-8624}, doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01793.x}, author = {Szyf, Moshe and Bick, Johanna} } @article {404, title = {Mothers{\textquoteright} AdvocateS In the Community (MOSAIC)--non-professional mentor support to reduce intimate partner violence and depression in mothers: a cluster randomised trial in primary care.}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {11}, year = {2011}, month = {2011}, pages = {178}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Effective interventions to increase safety and wellbeing of mothers experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) are scarce. As much attention is focussed on professional intervention, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of non-professional mentor support in reducing IPV and depression among pregnant and recent mothers experiencing, or at risk of IPV.

METHODS: MOSAIC was a cluster randomised trial in 106 primary care (maternal and child health nurse and general practitioner) clinics in Melbourne, Australia. 63/106 clinics referred 215 eligible culturally and linguistically diverse women between January 2006 and December 2007. 167 in the intervention (I) arm, and 91 in the comparison (C) arm. 174 (80.9\%) were recruited. 133 (76.4\%) women (90 I and 43 C) completed follow-up at 12 months.

INTERVENTION: 12 months of weekly home visiting from trained and supervised local mothers, (English \& Vietnamese speaking) offering non-professional befriending, advocacy, parenting support and referrals.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes; IPV (Composite Abuse Scale CAS) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale EPDS); secondary measures included wellbeing (SF-36), parenting stress (PSI-SF) and social support (MOS-SF) at baseline and follow-up.

ANALYSIS: Intention-to-treat using multivariable logistic regression and propensity scoring.

RESULTS: There was evidence of a true difference in mean abuse scores at follow-up in the intervention compared with the comparison arm (15.9 vs 21.8, AdjDiff -8.67, CI -16.2 to -1.15). There was weak evidence for other outcomes, but a trend was evident favouring the intervention: proportions of women with CAS scores \≥ 7, 51/88 (58.4\%) vs 27/42 (64.3\%) AdjOR 0.47, CI 0.21 to 1.05); depression (EPDS score \≥ 13) (19/85, 22\% (I) vs 14/43, 33\% (C); AdjOR 0.42, CI 0.17 to 1.06); physical wellbeing mean scores (PCS-SF36: AdjDiff 2.79; CI -0.40 to 5.99); mental wellbeing mean scores (MCS-SF36: AdjDiff 2.26; CI -1.48 to 6.00). There was no observed effect on parenting stress. 82\% of women mentored would recommend mentors to friends in similar situations.

CONCLUSION: Non-professional mentor mother support appears promising for improving safety and enhancing physical and mental wellbeing among mothers experiencing intimate partner violence referred from primary care.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12607000010493http://www.anzctr.org.au.

}, keywords = {Adult, Australia, Cluster Analysis, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Lost to Follow-Up, Maternal Health Services, Mentors, Mothers, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, Primary Health Care, Social Support, Spouse Abuse}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-11-178}, author = {Taft, Angela J and Small, Rhonda and Hegarty, Kelsey L and Watson, Lyndsey F and Gold, Lisa and Lumley, Judith A} } @article {5935, title = {Japan{\textquoteright}s emerging challenge for child abuse: system coordination for early prevention of child abuse is needed}, journal = {Biosci Trends}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {1881-7823
Takahashi, Kenzo
Kanda, Hideyuki
Sugaya, Nagisa
Journal Article
Japan
Biosci Trends. 2014 Aug;8(4):240-1.}, month = {Aug}, pages = {240-1}, edition = {2014/09/17}, abstract = {At the end of 2013, a Japanese newspaper reported that 4,173 children were unidentified or missing in Japan. The article concluded that child abuse was a matter of national concern. In examining the strengths and weaknesses of Japan{\textquoteright}s welfare system in regard to child abuse, it would seem that a weakness exists with regard to its ambiguity on the roles of different officers who contact suspected cases. Although three types of officer (health, welfare, and police officers) can take charge, child abuse cases might be missed because the division of labor varies between the different types of officer. However, a strength exists in the periodical pediatric health check system that is in place in each of Japan{\textquoteright}s 1,742 municipalities. To efficiently implement early intervention for child abuse, it is necessary to rearrange the division of labor among the three types of officers to clarify who should intervene in suspected cases.}, keywords = {Child Abuse/diagnosis/legislation \& jurisprudence/*prevention \&, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services/*organization \& administration, control/statistics \& numerical data, Government Programs/*organization \& administration, Humans, Infant, Japan, Local Government, Mandatory Reporting}, isbn = {1881-7815}, issn = {1881-7815}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224630}, author = {Takahashi, K. and Kanda, H. and Sugaya, N.} } @article {6008, title = {Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {14}, year = {2019}, month = {May-04-2020}, pages = {e0213995}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213995}, author = {Tamana, Sukhpreet K. and Ezeugwu, Victor and Chikuma, Joyce and Lefebvre, Diana L. and Azad, Meghan B. and Moraes, Theo J. and Subbarao, Padmaja and Becker, Allan B. and Turvey, Stuart E. and Sears, Malcolm R. and Dick, Bruce D. and Carson, Valerie and Rasmussen, Carmen and Pei, Jacqueline and Mandhane, Piush J.}, editor = {Cerniglia, Luca} } @article {5411, title = {Primary health care and early childhood development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9807}, year = {2011}, note = {Tamburlini, Giorgio
Manetti, Stefania
Toffol, Giacomo
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2011/12/06 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Dec 3;378(9807):e16. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61838-2.}, month = {Dec 3}, pages = {e16}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Tamburlini, G. and Manetti, S. and Toffol, G.} } @inbook {586, title = {Fathers{\textquoteright} role in children{\textquoteright}s language development}, booktitle = {Handbook of Father Involvement: multidsciplinary perspectives}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Routledge}, organization = {Routledge}, edition = {2nd}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {editions:ISBN1135654239}, author = {C. S. Tamis-LeMonda and N. J. Cabrera and L. Baumwell}, editor = {N. J. Cabrera and C. S. Tamis-LeMonda} } @article {3131, title = {Birth preparedness and place of birth in Tandahimba district, Tanzania: what women prepare for birth, where they go to deliver, and why}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, pages = {165}, type = {journal article}, abstract = {As making preparations for birth and health facility delivery are behaviours linked to positive maternal and newborn health outcomes, we aimed to describe what birth preparations were made, where women delivered, and why.}, isbn = {1471-2393}, author = {Tancred, Tara and Marchant, Tanya and Hanson, Claudia and Schellenberg, Joanna and Manzi, Fatuma} } @book {5746, title = {Our place in the (E) space: What each parent has to know about the Internet: Perspectives, challenges and responsibilities}, year = {2017}, publisher = {SOS II Telefono Azzurro NGO}, organization = {SOS II Telefono Azzurro NGO}, address = {Milan, Italy}, keywords = {Bullying, child pornography, cyberbullying, violence prevention}, url = {http://www.azzurro.it/sites/default/files/EBOOK\%20OUR\%20PLACE\%20IN\%20THE\%20\%28E\%29SPACE.pdf}, author = {TelefonoAzzurro} } @article {5963, title = {Safe spaces: The urgent need for early childhood development in emergencies and disasters}, year = {2016}, url = {https://s3.amazonaws.com/theirworld-site-resources/Reports/Safespaces_report.pdf }, author = {Theirworld} } @book {884, title = {Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology Youth Resilience and Culture }, volume = {11}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, organization = {Springer Netherlands}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-017-9414-5}, issn = {2210-5417}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2}, author = {Theron, L. C. and Liebenberg, L. and Ungar, M.} } @article {6115, title = {Unprotected: Crisis in humanitarian funding for child protection}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNs Children{\textquoteright}s Fund}, keywords = {child protection, Human Rights, humanitarian funding}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Upload_20190630-182416.pdf}, author = {Thierry, M. and Fylkensnes, G. K. and Peuschel, M. and Williamson, K.} } @article {6467, title = {In March, half of visitors to the National Sexual Assault hotline were minors}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {Mashable}, keywords = {Child Abuse, COVID-19, sexual abuse}, url = {https://mashable.com/article/coronavirus-child-sexual-abuse/?europe=true}, author = {Thompson, R} } @article {465, title = {Opiate use, treatment, and harm reduction in Afghanistan: recent changes and future directions.}, journal = {Int J Drug Policy}, volume = {23}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Sep}, pages = {341-5}, abstract = {

Afghanistan leads global opium and cannabis production, amidst concerted efforts to improve the country\&$\#$39;s infrastructure. In this commentary, the evidence base for drivers of increased drug use in the context of deteriorating security is presented, government, donor, and civil society responses to date are described, and key areas for health policy response are summarized. Opiate use in Afghanistan shows disturbing trends: multiple substances are accessible at low cost and frequently used in combination, and injecting use has become more common. Pressures from both donor and governmental sectors have compromised innovations in programming. Further, civil unrest and resultant displacement have created challenges for programme implementation. Afghanistan urgently needs a well-funded, sustainable, comprehensive, and inclusive programme of drug dependency treatment, aftercare, and harm reduction services, as well as realistic, effective, and culturally salient primary prevention programmes. To date, drug dependence is not a prioritised issue, current programmes are under-resourced, and the continuum of care has a narrow scope generally limited to treatment. Unless this issue is addressed, the next generation of Afghans is poised to become a casualty of the opiate industry.

}, keywords = {Afghanistan, Aftercare, Agriculture, Cannabis, Harm Reduction, Health Policy, Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders, Opium, Substance Abuse, Intravenous}, issn = {1873-4758}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.05.004}, author = {Todd, Catherine S and Macdonald, David and Khoshnood, Kaveh and Mansoor, G Farooq and Eggerman, Mark and Panter-Brick, Catherine} } @article {7078, title = {Improving mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in humanitarian settings: reflections on research funded through R2HCAbstract}, journal = {Conflict and Health}, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-12-2020}, keywords = {humanitarian settings, Mental Health, psychosocial support}, doi = {10.1186/s13031-020-00317-6}, url = {https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-020-00317-6$\#$citeas}, author = {Tol, Wietse A. and Ager, Alastair and Bizouerne, Cecile and Bryant, Richard and El Chammay, Rabih and Colebunders, Robert and Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno, Claudia and Hamdani, Syed Usman and James, Leah E. and Jansen, Stefan C.J. and Leku, Marx R. and Likindikoki, Samuel and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Pluess, Michael and Robinson, Courtland and Ruttenberg, Leontien and Savage, Kevin and Welton-Mitchell, Courtney and Hall, Brian J. and Harper Shehadeh, Melissa and Harmer, Anne and van Ommeren, Mark} } @article {467, title = {Relevance or excellence? Setting research priorities for mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings.}, journal = {Harv Rev Psychiatry}, volume = {20}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Jan-Feb}, pages = {25-36}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Humanitarian crises are associated with an increase in mental disorders and psychological distress. Despite the emerging consensus on intervention strategies in humanitarian settings, the field of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in humanitarian settings lacks a consensus-based research agenda.

METHODS: From August 2009 to February 2010, we contacted policymakers, academic researchers, and humanitarian aid workers, and conducted nine semistructured focus group discussions with 114 participants in three locations (Peru, Uganda, and Nepal), in both the capitals and remote humanitarian settings. Local stakeholders representing a range of academic expertise (psychiatry, psychology, social work, child protection, and medical anthropology) and organizations (governments, universities, nongovernmental organizations, and U.N. agencies) were asked to identify priority questions for MHPSS research in humanitarian settings, and to discuss factors that hamper and facilitate research.

RESULTS: Thematic analyses of transcripts show that participants broadly agreed on prioritized research themes in the following order: (1) the prevalence and burden of mental health and psychosocial difficulties in humanitarian settings, (2) how MHPSS implementation can be improved, (3) evaluation of specific MHPSS interventions, (4) the determinants of mental health and psychological distress, and (5) improved research methods and processes. Rather than differences in research themes across countries, what emerged was a disconnect between different groups of stakeholders regarding research processes: the perceived lack of translation of research findings into actual policy and programs; misunderstanding of research methods by aid workers; different appreciation of the time needed to conduct research; and disputed universality of research constructs.

CONCLUSIONS: To advance a collaborative research agenda, actors in this field need to bridge the perceived disconnect between the goals of \"relevance\" and \"excellence.\" Research needs to be more sensitive to questions and concerns arising from humanitarian interventions, and practitioners need to take research findings into account in designing interventions.

}, keywords = {Altruism, Female, Focus Groups, Health Services Research, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Nepal, Peru, Relief Work, Research, Research Design, Social Support, Uganda}, issn = {1465-7309}, doi = {10.3109/10673229.2012.649113}, author = {Tol, W. A. and Patel, V. and Tomlinson, M. and Baingana, F. and Galappatti, A. and Silove, D. and Sondorp, E. and van Ommeren, M. and Wessells, M. G. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {4931, title = {Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: linking practice and research}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9802}, year = {2011}, note = {Tol, Wietse A
Barbui, Corrado
Galappatti, Ananda
Silove, Derrick
Betancourt, Theresa S
Souza, Renato
Golaz, Anne
van Ommeren, Mark
eng
K01 MH077246/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/
Comparative Study
Review
England
2011/10/20 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Oct 29;378(9802):1581-91. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61094-5. Epub 2011 Oct 16.}, month = {Oct 29}, pages = {1581-91}, abstract = {This review links practice, funding, and evidence for interventions for mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in humanitarian settings. We studied practice by reviewing reports of mental health and psychosocial support activities (2007-10); funding by analysis of the financial tracking service and the creditor reporting system (2007-09); and interventions by systematic review and meta-analysis. In 160 reports, the five most commonly reported activities were basic counselling for individuals (39\%); facilitation of community support of vulnerable individuals (23\%); provision of child-friendly spaces (21\%); support of community-initiated social support (21\%); and basic counselling for groups and families (20\%). Most interventions took place and were funded outside national mental health and protection systems. 32 controlled studies of interventions were identified, 13 of which were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria for meta-analysis. Two studies showed promising effects for strengthening community and family supports. Psychosocial wellbeing was not included as an outcome in the meta-analysis, because its definition varied across studies. In adults with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), meta-analysis of seven RCTs showed beneficial effects for several interventions (psychotherapy and psychosocial supports) compared with usual care or waiting list (standardised mean difference [SMD] -0.38, 95\% CI -0.55 to -0.20). In children, meta-analysis of four RCTs failed to show an effect for symptoms of PTSD (-0.36, -0.83 to 0.10), but showed a beneficial effect of interventions (group psychotherapy, school-based support, and other psychosocial support) for internalising symptoms (six RCTs; SMD -0.24, -0.40 to -0.09). Overall, research and evidence focuses on interventions that are infrequently implemented, whereas the most commonly used interventions have had little rigorous scrutiny.}, keywords = {*Altruism, *Biomedical Research, *Mental Health, Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Connecticut, Counseling, Female, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Male, Mental Disorders/economics/*therapy, Mental Health Services/*organization \& administration, Practice Patterns, Physicians{\textquoteright}, Program Evaluation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychology, Psychotherapy/economics/methods, Treatment Outcome}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Tol, W. A. and Barbui, C. and Galappatti, A. and Silove, D. and Betancourt, T. S. and Souza, R. and Golaz, A. and van Ommeren, M.} } @article {466, title = {Research priorities for mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings.}, journal = {PLoS Med}, volume = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Sep}, pages = {e1001096}, keywords = {Altruism, Delivery of Health Care, Disasters, Health Services Research, Humans, Internationality, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Social Support, War}, issn = {1549-1676}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001096}, author = {Tol, W. A. and Patel, V. and Tomlinson, M. and Baingana, F. and Galappatti, A. and Panter-Brick, C. and Silove, D. and Sondorp, E. and Wessells, M. and van Ommeren, M.} } @article {4701, title = {Research priority setting for integrated early child development and violence prevention (ECD+) in low and middle income countries: An expert opinion exercise}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {72}, year = {2017}, note = {Tomlinson, Mark
Jordans, Mark
MacMillan, Harriet
Betancourt, Theresa
Hunt, Xanthe
Mikton, Christopher
eng
Comparative Study
England
2017/08/13 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2017 Oct;72:131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.021. Epub 2017 Aug 9.}, month = {Oct}, pages = {131-139}, abstract = {Child development in low and middle income countries (LMIC) is compromised by multiple risk factors. Reducing children{\textquoteright}s exposure to harmful events is essential for early childhood development (ECD). In particular, preventing violence against children - a highly prevalent risk factor that negatively affects optimal child development - should be an intervention priority. We used the Child Health and Nutrition Initiative (CHNRI) method for the setting of research priorities in integrated Early Childhood Development and violence prevention programs (ECD+). An expert group was identified and invited to systematically list and score research questions. A total of 186 stakeholders were asked to contribute five research questions each, and contributions were received from 81 respondents. These were subsequently evaluated using a set of five criteria: answerability; effectiveness; feasibility and/or affordability; applicability and impact; and equity. Of the 400 questions generated, a composite group of 50 were scored by 55 respondents. The highest scoring research questions related to the training of Community Health Workers (CHW{\textquoteright}s) to deliver ECD+ interventions effectively and whether ECD+ interventions could be integrated within existing delivery platforms such as HIV, nutrition or mental health platforms. The priority research questions can direct new research initiatives, mainly in focusing on the effectiveness of an ECD+ approach, as well as on service delivery questions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic exercise of its kind in the field of ECD+. The findings from this research priority setting exercise can help guide donors and other development actors towards funding priorities for important future research related to ECD and violence prevention.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, *Research, Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse/*prevention \& control, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developmental Disabilities/*prevention \& control, Domestic Violence/*prevention \& control, Early child development, Ecd+, Exposure to Violence/*prevention \& control, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Integrated early childhood development, Interdisciplinary Communication, Intersectoral Collaboration, Peer Group, Priority setting, Risk Factors, Social Environment, violence prevention}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Tomlinson, M. and Jordans, M. and MacMillan, H. and Betancourt, T. and Hunt, X. and Mikton, C.} } @article {405, title = {The efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy to reorganize attachment in the young offspring of mothers with major depressive disorder: a randomized preventive trial.}, journal = {J Consult Clin Psychol}, volume = {74}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Dec}, pages = {1006-16}, abstract = {

The development of insecure attachment relationships in the offspring of mothers with major depressive disorder (MDD) may initiate a negative trajectory leading to future psychopathology. Therefore, the provision of theoretically guided interventions designed to promote secure attachment is of paramount importance. Mothers who had experienced MDD since their child\&$\#$39;s birth were recruited (n = 130) and randomized to toddler-parent psychotherapy (DI) or to a control group (DC). Nondepressed mothers with no current or history of major mental disorder and their toddlers also were recruited for a nondepressed comparison group (NC; n = 68). Children averaged 20.34 months of age at the initial assessment. Higher rates of insecure attachment were present in both the DI and the DC groups at baseline, relative to the NC group. At postintervention, at age 36 months, insecure attachment continued to predominate in the DC group. In contrast, the rate of secure attachment had increased substantially in the DI group and was higher than that for the DC and the NC groups. These results demonstrate the efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy in fostering secure attachment relationships in young children of depressed mothers.

}, keywords = {Adult, Child of Impaired Parents, Child, Preschool, Combined Modality Therapy, Depressive Disorder, Major, Family Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Male, Mothers, Object Attachment, Psychological Theory, Psychotherapy, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Treatment Outcome}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1006}, author = {Toth, Sheree L and Rogosch, Fred A and Manly, Jody Todd and Cicchetti, Dante} } @article {6136, title = {The impact of racism on child and adolescent health}, journal = {Pediatrics}, year = {2019}, publisher = {American Academy of Pediatrics}, keywords = {child and adolescent health, racism}, url = {https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2019/07/25/peds.2019-1765.full.pdf}, author = {Trent, M. and Dooley. D.G. and Doug{\'e}, J. and SECTION ON ADOLESCENT HEALTH, COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE} } @article {5081, title = {Response to Commentaries on Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Research on Asian American Child Development}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Tseng, Vivian
Kiang, Lisa
Mistry, Jayanthi
Mistry, Rashmita S
Wang, Yijie
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Comment
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):1066-8. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12579.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1066-8}, abstract = {We briefly respond here to the commentaries to the Special Section focused on Asian American child development by Cheah, Lee, Beaupre, and Zhou, and McLoyd. We consider three questions raised in their comments. What does it mean to focus on Asian Americans? How should we examine development across the life course? How can we generate more policy- and practice-relevant research?.}, keywords = {*Asian Americans, *Research, Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Tseng, V. and Kiang, L. and Mistry, J. and Mistry, R. S. and Wang, Y. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5086, title = {Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Research on Asian American Child Development}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Tseng, Vivian
Kiang, Lisa
Mistry, Jayanthi
Mistry, Rashmita S
Wang, Yijie
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Introductory
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):989-94. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12574.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {989-94}, abstract = {With this Special Section, the Asian Caucus of the Society for Research in Child Development seeks to promote a more inclusive, expanded, and holistic developmental science that can account for the diversity of developmental trajectories among Asian Americans. The articles elucidate, in turn, historical, conceptual, and methodological issues in studying Asian American child development. Although the articles foreground Asian Americans, the ideas should help advance theoretical and empirical work for other racial and ethnic groups, thereby contributing to a more valid understanding of child development.}, keywords = {*Asian Americans, *Child Development, Child, Humans}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Tseng, V. and Kiang, L. and Mistry, J. and Mistry, R. S. and Wang, Y. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @book {556, title = {Early Childhood Programs as the Doorway to Social Cohesion: Application of Vygotsky{\textquoteright}s Ideas from an East-West Perspective}, year = {2010}, publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, organization = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, address = {Newcastle upon Tyne}, url = {http://www.cambridgescholars.com/early-childhood-programs-as-the-doorway-to-social-cohesion-16}, author = {A. Tuna and J. Hayden} } @article {468, title = {Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: preliminary findings in healthy adults.}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, year = {2012}, month = {2012}, pages = {e30148}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: A history of early adverse experiences is an important risk factor for adult psychopathology. Changes in stress sensitivity and functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may underlie the association between stress and risk for psychiatric disorders. Preclinical work in rodents has linked low levels of maternal care to increased methylation of the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, as well as to exaggerated hormonal and behavioral responses to stress. Recent studies have begun to examine whether early-life stress leads to epigenetic modifications of the GR gene in humans.

METHODS: We examined the degree of methylation of a region of the promoter of the human GR gene (NR3C1) in leukocyte DNA from 99 healthy adults. Participants reported on their childhood experiences of parental behavior, parental death or desertion, and childhood maltreatment. On a separate day, participants completed the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test, a standardized neuroendocrine challenge test.

RESULTS: Disruption or lack of adequate nurturing, as measured by parental loss, childhood maltreatment, and parental care, was associated with increased NR3C1 promoter methylation (p\<.05). In addition, NR3C1 promoter methylation was linked to attenuated cortisol responses to the Dex/CRH test (p\<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood maltreatment or adversity may lead to epigenetic modifications of the human GR gene. Alterations in methylation of this gene could underlie the associations between childhood adversity, alterations in stress reactivity, and risk for psychopathology.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Base Sequence, Child, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, CpG Islands, Dexamethasone, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Health, Humans, Leukocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuroendocrinology, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0030148}, author = {Tyrka, Audrey R and Price, Lawrence H and Marsit, Carmen and Walters, Oakland C and Carpenter, Linda L} } @article {6321, title = {The Rights of Children for Optimal Development and Nurturing Care}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {144}, year = {2019}, month = {Feb-12-2019}, pages = {e20190487}, abstract = { }, keywords = {international child health}, issn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2019-0487}, url = {http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/lookup/doi/10.1542/peds.2019-0487}, author = {Uchitel, Julie and Alden, Errol and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. and Goldhagen, Jeffrey and Narayan, Aditee Pradhan and Raman, Shanti and Spencer, Nick and Wertlieb, Donald and Wettach, Jane and Woolfenden, Sue and Mikati, Mohamad A.} } @article {6154, title = {How investing in early childhood contributes to the Global Goals}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Medium}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), Global Goals, peacebuilding, responsive caregiving, Social cohesion, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), violence prevention}, url = {https://medium.com/@maribelullmann/https-medium-com-how-investing-in-early-childhood-contributes-to-the-global-goals-228cfb4e216e}, author = {Ullman, M. and Hyder, T. and Halaimzai, Z. and Elattar, N. and Shrikhande, A.} } @article {6206, title = {UN General Assembly report of the Global Study on Children Deprived of Liberty United Nations, A /74/136}, year = {2019}, address = {United Nations General Assembly 74th Session}, keywords = {child protection, child rights, Human Rights}, url = {https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/StudyChildrenDeprivedLiberty/Pages/Index.aspx}, author = {UNGA} } @article {6244, title = {Refugee education 2030: A strategy for refugee inclusion}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNHCR}, address = {Copenhagen, Denmark}, keywords = {Education, inclusion, Refugee, refugee education}, url = {https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/publications/education/5d651da88d7/education-2030-strategy-refugee-education.html}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {5791, title = {Missing out: Refugee education in crisis}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNHCR}, abstract = {Opportunities to learn diminish greatly when children are forced to flee their homes and as they grow older, a troubling report from UNHCR has found.}, keywords = {inequality, refugee and migrant children, refugee education}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/missing-out-state-of-education-for-the-worlds-refugees.html}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {5793, title = {Desperate journeys}, year = {2017}, keywords = {refugees and migrants}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/58b449f54.pd}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {5792, title = {United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) | Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework}, year = {2017}, keywords = {refugees and migrants}, url = {http://www.unhcr.org/comprehensive-refugee-response-framework-crrf.html}, author = {UNHCR} } @article {3346, title = {Violent Conflict and Educational Inequality}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, type = {Literature Review}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/Conflict\%20and\%20Inequality\%20Literature\%20Review\%20FINAL.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6484, title = {Family-friendly policies and other good workplace practices in the context of COVID-19: Key steps employers can take}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, abstract = {This document offers (interim) recommendations for employers to mitigate the negative consequences stemming from COVID-19.}, keywords = {COVID-19, employers, Family, policy, workplace}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/documents/family-friendly-policies-and-other-good-workplace-practices-context-covid-19-key-steps}, author = {UNICEF and ILO and UNWomen} } @article {5785, title = {Mapping the global goals for sustainable development and the Convention on the Rights of the Child}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Convention on the Rights of the Child, sustainable development goals}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/agenda2030/files/SDG-CRC_mapping_FINAL.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and Wernham, M.} } @article {6494, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Protecting children{\textquoteright}s rights during a lockdown}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF }, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In this episode we hear from Angie Makwetla Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission Responsible for Children{\textquoteright}s Rights. She offers perspective on how children{\textquoteright}s rights have been impacted by COVID-19 and the lockdown {\textendash} and why she{\textquoteright}s hopeful that we{\textquoteright}ll emerge stronger as a nation on the other side of this pandemic.}, keywords = {child rights, COVID-19}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/845276}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7242, title = {Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF, International Labour Organization (ILO)}, keywords = {child labour, COVID-19}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/child-labour-2020-global-estimates-trends-and-the-road-forward/?utm_source=newsletter\&utm_medium=email\&utm_campaign=childlabour_report}, author = {UNICEF and ILO} } @article {2361, title = {COMMENCER D{\`E}S LE PLUS JEUNE {\^A}GE {\`A} {\'E}DIFIER DES SOCI{\'E}T{\'E}S PLUS FORTES ET PLUS PACIFIQUES (FR)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, abstract = {
Des millions d\’enfants de par le monde vivent dans un\ climat de conflit, de violence et d\’ins\écurit\é. Face la\ multiplication des situations d\’urgence et des crises,\ l\’UNICEF s\’engage prot\éger le d\éveloppement des enfantset contribuer des soci\ét\és r\ésilientes et durables.\ Compte tenu des liens \étroits d\ûment ot\és dans les\ nouveaux Objectifs de d\éveloppement durable qui unissent\ le d\éveloppement social et la paix, l\’UNICEF \élabore avecses partenaires des interventions novatrices en mati\èrede d\éveloppement du jeune enfant visant faire reculer la\ violence, promouvoir la paix et jeter des bases solides pour\ que les enfants grandissent en bonne sant\é et deviennentdes membres actifs et engag\és de leur communaut\é
}, keywords = {early childhood development, peacebuilding}, url = {sites/default/files/files/03b ECD PB Social Cohesion brief_FRENCH.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3321, title = {Conflict Sensitivity and Peacebuilding in UNICEF Technical Note}, year = {2012}, month = {June 2012}, url = {http://www.unicefinemergencies.com/downloads/eresource/docs/KRR/UNICEF\%20Technical\%20Note\%20on\%20Conflict\%20Sensitivity\%20and\%20Peacebuilding.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3366, title = {Conflict Sensitivity and Peacebuilding: Programming Guide}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/programming-guide-conflict-sensitivity-and-peacebuilding}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5676, title = {Early childhood development, a statistical snapshot: Building better brains and outcomes for children}, year = {2014}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/ECD_Brochure_FINAL_LR.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5732, title = {Early moments matter for every child}, year = {2017}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, keywords = {early childhood development, neuroscience}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_100862.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6158, title = {UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children 2019: Overview}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child protection, children, Health, Humanitarianism, nutrition, violence prevention}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/48796/file/Humanitarian-action-overview-cover-eng.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6500, title = {Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for tackling the climate crisis. From uniting behind the science to the power of small actions}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {climate crisis, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/stories/lessons-covid-19-pandemic-tackling-climate-crisis?fbclid=IwAR14pOhprRPB0nlh0hpkSNPieKXUFWyunDjbR78yDYrOAirWCqOD8cbObHM}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6274, title = {The state of the world{\textquoteright}s children 2019: Growing well in a changing world children, food and nutrition}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child rights, global, Health, nutrition}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/60826/file/SOWC-2019-EAP.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7288, title = {UNICEF: Child Protection Strategy 2021-2030}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {child rights and protection, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/104416/file/Child-Protection-Strategy-2021.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3341, title = {Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: South Africa Case Study}, year = {2015}, month = {May 2015}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://ecdpeace.org/sites/default/files/files/Equity\%20and\%20Social\%20Cohesion\%20South\%20Africa\%20Case\%20Study.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5759, title = {Beyond borders: How to make the global compacts on migration and refugees work for uprooted children}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-56}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Displacement, refugees and migrants}, isbn = { 978-92-806-4933-8 }, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_101735.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6032, title = {Building better brains: New frontiers in Early Childhood Development}, year = {2014}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {early childhood development, neuroscience}, url = {http://www.unicef.cn/en/uploadfile/2015/0319/20150319103627793.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5784, title = { For every child a fair chance. The promise of equity }, year = {2015}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {equity for children}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_86269.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6493, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Parenting under lockdown}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In episode 2 of Children at Heart {\textendash} the UNICEF South Africa podcast, we speak to Gloria Khoza, UNICEF Child Protection Officer. She offers timely advice on how to keep calm, and parent under lockdown. She also shares great tips for those of us living in constrained spaces.}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/841924}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6239, title = {Supporting Families for Nurturing Care: Resource Modules for Home Visitors}, year = {2016}, keywords = {home visiting, nurturing care}, url = {https://www.issa.nl/node/198?fbclid=IwAR2ajPSkNXvjWLhmR2ToyQtvnbRbk7hy1jH1cg4rhvMDBchAGCZcxRDsCYc}, author = {UNICEF and ISSA} } @article {2356, title = {Starting early to build stronger and more peaceful societies (Eng)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York }, abstract = {

Millions of children around the world are living through conflict, violence and insecurity. With emergencies and protracted crises on the rise, UNICEF is committed to safeguarding children \’s development and contributing to resilient and sustainable societies. Recognizing the interconnectedness of social development and peace articulated in the new Sustainable Development Goals, UNICEF is working with partners on innovative early childhood development (ECD) interventions to reduce violence, promote peace, and provide a robust foundation for children to grow into healthy, active and engaged community members.

}, keywords = {early childhood development, peacebuilding}, url = {sites/default/files/files/03a ECD PB Social Cohesion brief_ENGLISH.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5736, title = {A familiar face: Violence in the lives of children and adolescents}, year = {2017}, month = {Nov 2017}, pages = {1-96}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {Child Abuse, sexual violence, violence exposure, violence prevention}, isbn = {978-92-806-4919-2 }, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_101397.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3136, title = {Hidden in Plain Sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children}, year = {2014}, month = {September 2014}, isbn = {978-92-806-4767-9}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3361, title = {Guide to: Conflict Analysis}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/guide-to-conflict-analysis}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7347, title = {Missing from the story: The urgent need for better data to protect children on the move. IDAC Data InSIGHT $\#$ 1}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child rights and protection, migrant and refugee children}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/idac-data-insight-1/}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5779, title = {Women Motherhood Early Childhood Development}, year = {2011}, institution = {UNICEF}, abstract = {Exploring the question of how poor Roma women{\textquoteright}s status and situation influences children{\textquoteright}s survival, growth and development.}, keywords = {early childhood development, motherhood, poverty and discrimination}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/eca/ru/Women_Motherhood-07-21-2011-final-WEB.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and Ravnbol, C. I.} } @article {6043, title = {Learning for Peace narratives from the field: A compendium of programme statistics 2012/2016}, year = {2018}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {conflict resolution, early childhood development, peacebuilding, resilience, risk-informed education, Social cohesion, Unicef{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding Education and Advocacy Programme (PBEA), youth empowerment}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/PBEA_case_study_compendium-online-final.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5731, title = {UNICEFs program guidance for early childhood development}, year = {2017}, institution = {United Nations Children{\textquoteright}s Fund (UNICEF)}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = { }, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/FINAL_ECD_Programme_Guidance._September._2017.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6157, title = {Transforming the lives of children in Rwanda: Investing in family and community-centered services}, year = {2018}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {early childhood development (ECD), health services, responsive caregiving, Rwanda, social protection}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/media/981/file/ECD\%20and\%20Family\%20Endline\%20Evaluation.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5788, title = {Harrowing journeys}, year = {2017}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {Children and youth on the move across the Mediterranean Sear, at risk of trafficking and exploitation}, keywords = {child exploitation, child trafficking, migrant and refugee children, trafficking and exploitation}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Harrowing_Journeys_Children_and_youth_on_the_move_across_the_Mediterranean.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and IOM} } @article {3336, title = {Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: Uganda Case Study}, year = {2015}, month = {March 2015}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6870, title = {A generation to protect: Monitoring violence, exploitation and abuse of children within the SDG framework}, year = {2020}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child abuse and neglect, SDG framework, SDGs, sustainable development goals, violence against children}, url = {file:///C:/Users/njf7/Downloads/A-Generation-to-Protect-publication-English_2020.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5783, title = { Early childhood education and peacebuilding in post-conflict Northern and Eastern Uganda}, year = {2015}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {Achievements, challenges and lessons learned}, keywords = {Early childhood education, peacebuilding, peacebuilding advocacy, peacebuilding education, Uganda}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Early_Childhood_Education_and_Peacebuilding_in_Postconflict_Northern_and_Eastern_Uganda.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6492, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Mental health, children \& COVID-19}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {Will childhood ever be the same again beyond COVID-19? There{\textquoteright}s a growing concern around the impact of the Coronavirus on the mental health and wellbeing of children, who may have a lot of questions, frustrations and fears that they{\textquoteright}re not always able to articulate.}, keywords = {child mental health, COVID-19}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/848671?fbclid=IwAR0Huj3fc3noKUbftI0iztrC88v_rmsK1F7Mzmshpq8BuiSo-L4l6AUEqu8}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3211, title = {Pan-African Symposium on Education, Resilience and Social Cohesion - Strengthening Education Policies and Programmes to Achieve SDGs and Africa{\textquoteright}s Agenda 2063}, year = {2016}, institution = {Peacebuilding Education and Advocacy in Conflict-affected Contexts Programme}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/somalia/SOM_feature_PASeducationResilienceSocialCohesion.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5968, title = {One in three: Internet governance and children{\textquoteright}s rights}, year = {2016}, pages = {37}, institution = {UNICEF Office of Research {\textendash} Innocenti}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {child protection, children{\textquoteright}s rights, governance, Internet}, url = {https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/795-one-in-three-internet-governance-and-childrens-rights.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6171, title = {Family-friendly policies: Redesigning the workplace of the future. A policy brief.}, year = {2019}, publisher = {UNICF}, address = {New York, NY}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {breastfeeding, child benefits, families, family-friendly policies, parental leave, quality childcare}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/UNICEF-policy-brief-family-friendly-policies-2019.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7266, title = {Lebanon: Children{\textquoteright}s future on the line}, year = {2021}, month = {June 2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {Beirut, COVID-19, Displaced persons, early childhood care and education, early childhood development, governance and policy, Humanitarianism, Lebanon, refugees and migrants}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/6541/file}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7177, title = {Mental health and psychosocial support for children in humanitarian settings: An updated review of evidence and practice (November 2020)}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {Education, Health, Human Rights, Protection}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/world/mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-children-humanitarian-settings-updated-review}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3356, title = {The links between Equity, Governance, Education and Peacebuilding in Kenya}, year = {2016}, month = {April 2016}, type = {Research Report Prepared for UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Equity__Governance__Education_and_Peacebuilding_in_Kenya_.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {609, title = {The state of the world{\textquoteright}s children: Adolescence {\textendash} An age of opportunity}, year = {2011}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/adolescence/files/SOWC_2011_Main_Report_EN_02092011.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5787, title = {Best of UNICEF research 2017. Miscellanea UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, Florence}, year = {2017}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {child protection, development research, disabled children, Education, evaluation research, Health, participatory research, Research, research methods}, url = {https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/927-best-of-unicef-research-2017.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6537, title = {Research on the Sexual Exploitation of Boys: Findings, ethical considerations and methodological challenges}, year = {2020}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {boys, child abuse and neglect, child sexual abuse}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/sexual-exploitation-boys-findings-ethical-considerations-methodological-challenges/?fbclid=IwAR1lc6skpLaoTbwnF2tSAhJ9Ntz67dpoy0k7lIbeRXI3eUxOFd5h6A3Zlrg}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3331, title = {Does horizontal education inequality lead to violent conflict?}, year = {2015}, institution = {FHI 360 EDUCATION POLICY AND DATA CENTER}, type = {A Global Analysis}, address = {New York, New York}, url = {https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-education-inequality_0.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7320, title = {Quantifying Heckman: Are Governments in Eastern and Southern Africa Maximizing Returns on Investments in Early Childhood Development?}, year = {2021}, publisher = {UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office}, keywords = {early childhood development, Eastern and Southern Africa, Education}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/esa/documents/quantifying-heckman}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5782, title = {Early childhood development in emergencies. Integrated programme guide}, year = {2014}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {early childhood development, ECD in emergencies, violence exposure}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/files/Programme_Guide_ECDiE.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6490, title = {Global resource guide on public finance for children in early childhood development}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {early childhood development, Education, global}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/67226/file/Guide-on-public-finance-for-children-in-early-childhood-development-Partners-edition-2020.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7447, title = {Are Children Really Learning? Exploring foundational skills in the midst of a learning crisis}, year = {2022}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {COVID-19, data and analysis, Early childhood education, gender inequality, Poverty}, url = {https://data.unicef.org/resources/are-children-really-learning-foundational-skills-report/}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3206, title = {UNICEF Programme Report 2012-2016}, year = {2016}, institution = {Peacebuilding, Education and Advocacy in Conflict-Affected Contexts (}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/education/files/03_Web_UNICEF1020_PBEA_Final_report_A4_web.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5967, title = {Global kids online research synthesis, 2015-2016}, year = {2016}, pages = {86}, institution = {UNICEF Office of Research {\textendash} Innocenti}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {adolescents, Internet, social surveys}, url = {https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/869-global-kids-online-research-synthesis-2015-2016.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7084, title = {Averting a lost COVID generation A six-point plan to respond, recover and reimagine a post-pandemic world for every child}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, keywords = {child rights and protection, COVID-19, UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/media/86881/file/Averting-a-lost-covid-generation-world-childrens-day-data-and-advocacy-brief-2020.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3351, title = {Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations}, year = {2016}, month = {June 2016}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, url = {Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3171, title = {Evaluation of UNICEF{\textquoteright}s Peacebuilding, Education, and Advocacy Programme (PBEA)}, year = {2015}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.ineesite.org/en/resources/evaluation-of-unicefs-peacebuilding-education-and-advocacy-programme-pbea}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {608, title = {The state of the world{\textquoteright}s children 2006: excluded and invisible}, year = {2006}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/sowc06/pdfs/sowc06_fullreport.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3421, title = {South African Child Support Grant Impact Assessment}, year = {2012}, institution = {Pretoria: Dept. of Social Development.}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/southafrica/SAF_resources_csg2012s.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and SASSA and SocialDevelopment} } @article {5786, title = {Uprooted. The growing crisis for refugee and migrant children}, year = {2016}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {migration and displacement, refugee and migrant children}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/videoaudio/PDFs/Uprooted.pdf}, author = {UNICEF and Garin, E. and Beise, J. and Hug, L. and You, D. and Mukerjee, A.} } @article {6495, title = {Podcast Children at Heart | Caring for every child in a time of COVID-19}, year = {2020}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {South Africa}, abstract = {In this episode we speak to Mayke Huijbregts, Chief of Social Policy and Child Protection for UNICEF South Africa. We also speak to Dr Garth Japhet, founder of Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication, and CEO of Heartlines, the Centre for Values Promotion.}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood care}, url = {https://iono.fm/e/838975}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {2366, title = {ACTUAR PRONTO PARA CONSTRUIR SOCIEDADES M{\'A}S S{\'O}LIDAS Y PAC{\'I}FICAS (SP)}, year = {2015}, publisher = {UNICEF}, address = {New York}, abstract = {
Millones de ni\ños y ni\ñas de todo el mundo viven en\ situaciones de conflicto, violencia e inseguridad. En un\ momento en el que aumentan las emergencias y las
crisis prolongadas, UNICEF se compromete a amparar el\ desarrollo de los ni\ños y contribuir al logro de sociedadesresilientes y sostenibles. Consciente de la interconexi\ónentre el desarrollo social y la paz articulada en los nuevosObjetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, UNICEF trabaja con\ diversos asociados dise\ñando intervenciones innovadorassobre el desarrollo del ni\ño en la primera infancia (DNPI)\ a fin de reducir la violencia, promover la paz y ofreceruna base firme sobre la cual los ni\ños puedan crecer y\ convertirse en miembros de la comunidad saludables,\ activos y comprometidos.\ 
}, keywords = {early childhood development, peacebuilding}, url = {sites/default/files/files/03c ECD PB Social Cohesion brief_SPANISH (002).pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {3326, title = {Horizontal Inequality in Education and Violent Conflict}, year = {2015}, month = {Feburary 2015}, institution = {FHI 360 Education Policy and Data Center}, type = {Literature Review}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-epdc-brief-edu-inequality-violent-conflict.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {6480, title = {Compendium of Resources | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). What you need to know about the virus to protect you and your family}, year = {2020}, abstract = {
  1. Read the latest news, information and features on COVID-19
  2. Advice for parents and families on coping with COVID-19
  3. How UNICEF and partners are helping children around the world
  4. Media resources, including press releases and statements
}, keywords = {Caregivers, children, COVID-19, educators, Parents, resilience}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/covid-19}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5781, title = {Early childhood development and family services: Baseline evaluation in 20 sites in Rwanda.}, year = {2014}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {Kigali, Rwanda}, keywords = {child health, early childhood development, family services, responsive caregiving, Rwanda}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/ECD_and_F_Baseline_Evaluation_Rwanda.pdf}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5966, title = {How does the time children spend using digital technology impact their mental well-being, social relationships and physical activity? An evidence-focused literature review}, year = {2017}, pages = {35}, institution = {UNICEF Office of Research {\textendash} Innocenti}, address = {Florence, Italy}, keywords = {information technology, Mental Health, Social Behavior}, url = {https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/925-how-does-the-time-children-spend-using-digital-technology-impact-their-mental-well.html}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {7290, title = {The Climate Crisis is a Child Rights Crisis. Introducing the Children{\textquoteright}s Climate Risk Index.}, year = {2021}, institution = {UNICEF}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {child rights and protection, climate change, UNICEF}, url = {https://www.unicef.org/reports/climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis?utm_campaign=CCRI\&utm_source=referral\&utm_medium=newsletter}, author = {UNICEF} } @article {5681, title = {Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace}, year = {2018}, keywords = {Culture of Peace}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/72/137}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5737, title = {Annual report of the UN Special Representative of the Secretary - General on Violence against Children}, year = {2018}, month = {22 January 2018}, keywords = {2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, violence against children}, url = {http://undocs.org/A/HRC/37/48}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5611, title = {Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1\&Lang=E}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {7105, title = {Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. Report of the Secretary-General}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations}, keywords = {migration, United Nations}, url = {https://migrationnetwork.un.org/sg-report-promise-action}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {626, title = {Strong foundations: Early childhood care and education.}, year = {2007}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001477/147794e.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5949, title = {The Global Compact for Refugees (GCR)}, year = {2018}, url = {https://www.unhcr.org/towards-a-global-compact-on-refugees.html}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5631, title = {International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World, 2001-2010}, year = {1998}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/53/25}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5680, title = {Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Violent extremism}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/70/674}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5606, title = {Charter of the United Nations}, year = {1945}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/un-charter-full-text/}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5705, title = {Concurrent resolution with the General Assembly on the review of the UN peacebuilding architecture}, year = {2016}, url = {https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/\%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9\%7d/s_res_2282.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations and Security Council} } @article {625, title = {The Dakar Framework for Action on Education (EFA)}, year = {2000}, institution = {UNESCO}, address = {Paris}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001211/121147e.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {601, title = {A world fit for children }, year = {2002}, url = {http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/docs_new/documents/A-RES-S27-2E.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5948, title = {The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Global Compact for Migration}, url = {https://www.iom.int/global-compact-migration}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5626, title = {International Year for the Culture of Peace 2000}, year = {1997}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un-documents.net/e1997r47.htm}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6553, title = {Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {COVID-19, Mental Health, policy}, url = {https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief-covid_and_mental_health_final.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5679, title = {New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Refugees}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/71/1}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6262, title = {Global study on children deprived of liberty}, year = {2019}, address = {United Nations General Assembly}, keywords = {deprived childhood}, url = {https://undocs.org/A/74/136}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {600, title = {United Nations millennium declaration }, year = {2000}, url = {http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6444, title = {Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on children}, year = {2020}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {The UN Secretary General{\textquoteright}s report on COVID19 and children was issued on April 16, 2020. The Secretary General called for urgent action to support the world{\textquoteright}s children amid the COVID-19 global crisis. }, keywords = {child health, child safety, COVID-19}, url = {https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_children_16_april_2020.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {6869, title = {The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020}, year = {2020}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, abstract = {"The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020 presents an overview of progress towards the SDGs before the pandemic started, but it also looks at some of the devastating initial impacts of COVID-19 on specific Goals and targets. The report was prepared by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with over 200 experts from more than 40 international agencies using the latest available data and estimates."}, keywords = {SDGs, sustainable development goals}, url = {https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {5678, title = {Resolution on Youth, Peace and Security}, year = {2015}, keywords = {United Nations Security Concil}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2250\%282015\%29}, author = {UnitedNations and Security Council} } @article {623, title = {Reaching the Marginalized}, year = {2010}, institution = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001866/186606E.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {6116, title = {The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019}, year = {2019}, institution = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {SDG, SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {599, title = {Convention on the rights of the child. United Nations Treaty Series}, volume = {1577}, year = {1989}, pages = {3}, url = {https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=treaty\&mtdsg_no=iv-11\&chapter=4\&lang=en}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5616, title = {Follow-up to the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace}, year = {2017}, keywords = {United Nations}, url = {http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/72/137}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {627, title = {The Dakar framework for action on education global monitoring report: The hidden crisis - armed conflict and education}, year = {2011}, institution = {UNESCO}, address = {Paris, France}, url = {http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001907/190743e.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations} } @article {622, title = {Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace}, year = {1999}, address = {New York}, url = {http://www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/declarations/2000.htm}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {5636, title = {Peace Resolutions}, year = {2016}, keywords = {United Nations General Assembly}, url = {https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/\%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9\%7d/s_res_2282.pdf}, author = {UnitedNations and General Assembly} } @article {6481, title = {Compendium of Resources | Distance learning solutions (UNESCO)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The list of educational applications, platforms and resources below aim to help parents, teachers, schools and school administrators facilitate student learning and provide social care and interaction during periods of school closure. Most of the solutions curated are free and many cater to multiple languages. (See: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions)}, keywords = {childcare workers, COVID-19, educators}, url = {https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/solutions}, author = {UnitedNationsEducationalScientificCulturalOrganization} } @article {5945, title = {Best practices and specific measures to ensure access to birth registration, particularly for those children most at risk*}, year = {2018}, address = {United States}, url = {http://undocs.org/A/HRC/39/30}, author = {UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly} } @article {6897, title = {Enhancing Access to Services for Migrants in the Context of COVID-19 Preparedness, Prevention, and Response and Beyond}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations Network on Migration}, keywords = {COVID-19, Displaced persons, migration, Refugees}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074054721930203X}, author = {UnitedNationsNetworkonMigration} } @article {6902, title = {Third UN Security Council Resolution on Youth, Peace and Security (Resolution 2535 (2020))}, year = {2020}, address = {United States}, keywords = {peacebuilding, violence prevention, youth leadership}, url = {https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2535(2020)}, author = {UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil} } @article {6459, title = {Youth and peace and security. Report of the Secretary-General}, year = {2020}, publisher = {United Nations}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {peace, security, United Nations, youth leadership}, url = {https://undocs.org/en/S/2020/167?fbclid=IwAR2NWS8hKdKWwgPNLWJp3o1fhJDwLF4UxJX2U73tPCWKRozRytjCwP0oKC4}, author = {UnitedNationsSecurityCouncil} } @article {5738, title = {The private sector and the prevention of violence against children in Latin America and the Caribbean}, year = {2018}, institution = {UNICEF, UN Special Representative on to the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {violence against children, violence prevention}, url = {https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/the_private_sector_and_the_prevention_of_violence_against_children_in_lac_-_ingl.pdf}, author = {UnitedNationsSRSGViolenceAgainstChildren and UNICEF} } @book {2681, title = {Negotiating Across Cultures ... Communication Obstacles in International Diplomacy}, year = {1999}, publisher = {publisher not identified}, organization = {publisher not identified}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws-8rQEACAAJ}, author = {UnitedStatesInstituteofPeace} } @article {7247, title = {Early Childhood Development: What happens in the first eight years}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Edith Cowan University}, address = {Australia}, keywords = {Early chiildhood development, Education and training}, url = {https://studyonline.ecu.edu.au/blog/early-childhood-development-what-happens-first-eight-years}, author = {Edith Cowan University} } @article {5749, title = {A Call to Strengthen Mental Health Supports for Refugee Children and Youth}, journal = {NAM Perspectives}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-08-2018}, doi = {10.31478/namperspectives10.31478/20180810.31478/201808a}, url = {https://nam.edu/perspectiveshttps://www.nam.edu/perspectives/https://nam.edu/a-call-to-strengthen-mental-health-supports-for-refugee-children-and-youth}, author = {Burbage, Michelle L. and Klein Walker, Deborah} } @article {5682, title = {Preventing conflict, transforming justice, securing the peace: A global study on the implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325}, year = {2015}, keywords = {violence prevention}, url = {http://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/UNW-GLOBAL-STUDY-1325-2015\%20(1).pdf}, author = {UNWomen} } @article {220, title = {Journal of Peace Research}, year = {2015}, keywords = {peace making}, url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/}, author = {Urdal, H} } @article {209, title = {Antistress Pattern Induced by Oxytocin.}, journal = {News Physiol Sci}, volume = {13}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 Feb}, pages = {22-25}, abstract = {

Repeated oxytocin injections cause lowered blood pressure, decreased cortisol levels, increased withdrawal latency, increased release of vagally controlled gastrointestinal hormones, and increased weight gain. Together, these effects form an antistress pattern. Nonnoxious sensory stimuli release oxytocin and induce an effect spectrum similar to the one caused by oxytocin injections.

}, issn = {0886-1714}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K.} } @article {212, title = {Oxytocin and prolactin levels in breast-feeding women. Correlation with milk yield and duration of breast-feeding.}, journal = {Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand}, volume = {69}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {301-6}, abstract = {

The aim of the present study was to examine suckling-related plasma levels of oxytocin and prolactin in early and established lactation and to correlate hormone profiles to success of lactation performance. Fifty-five primiparous women participated in the study. From each, 18 blood samples were drawn in connection with breast-feeding on day 4 post partum and after 3-4 months. Oxytocin and prolactin levels were determined with radio-immunoassay. Basal levels of both hormones were significantly higher 4 days post partum than 3-4 months later and after weaning. Basal prolactin levels fell significantly within 24 h of weaning. Oxytocin and prolactin levels rose in response to breast-feeding--an effect which persisted during the lactation period. The suckling-induced release of prolactin--but not that of oxytocin--was related to basal hormone levels. Basal as well as stimulated oxytocin levels obtained 4 days and 3-4 months post partum correlated significantly, indicating that each woman has an individual, characteristic level of this hormone. Milk yield did not correlate with oxytocin or prolactin levels, but prolactin levels recorded 3-4 months post partum did correlate with the remaining period of breast-feeding. In addition, mothers who breast-fed exclusively 3-4 months post partum had significantly higher oxytocin and prolactin levels than those who gave supplementary feed. There was a significant correlation between oxytocin levels at 4 days and birth weight of the infant.

}, keywords = {Adult, Analgesia, Obstetrical, Apgar Score, Birth Weight, Breast Feeding, Episiotomy, Female, Humans, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn, Lactation, Milk, Human, Oxytocin, Prolactin, Radioimmunoassay, Sucking Behavior}, issn = {0001-6349}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K. and Widstr{\"o}m, A. M. and Werner, S. and Matthiesen, A. S. and Winberg, J.} } @article {211, title = {The relationships between personality traits and plasma gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, insulin, and oxytocin levels in healthy women.}, journal = {J Psychosom Res}, volume = {37}, year = {1993}, month = {1993 Sep}, pages = {581-8}, abstract = {

In earlier studies performed on a group of women with gastrointestinal symptoms, significant positive correlations between the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin and anxiety, and a negative correlation with socialization were obtained. These and other relationships were tested on 33 healthy women. A comprehensive and concise statistical model was used for the analysis of correlations between, on one hand, the levels of oxytocin and the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin, somatostatin and insulin, and, on the other hand, personality traits. Almost all explained variance of the hormone levels could be referred to three personality trait factors, Anxiety, Aggressive non-conformity, and Detachment. The statistical explanation of the gastrin level variance was most successful, the three personality trait factors explaining 48\% of this variance. Gastrin \"increased\" Anxiety while reducing Aggressive non-conformity and Detachment. A similar pattern for insulin was also reliable. Considering general trends, the negative correlations between all hormones and Detachment are interesting. Present data suggest that there is a psychoendocrinological antithesis to the fight-flight individual, characterized by high activity in the sympathoadrenal system: these contrasting persons, with high levels of the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin and insulin, tend to be warm and caring and non-aggressive--but often not free from anxiety. We do not think that the demonstrated associations between hormone levels and personality traits implicate a direct causal relationship. They rather may mirror the activity of centrally acting or hypothalamic control systems which influence both behavioural and endocrine profiles.

}, keywords = {Adult, Cholecystokinin, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Gastrins, Hormones, Humans, Insulin, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Personality, Reference Values, Somatostatin}, issn = {0022-3999}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K. and Arn, I. and Jonsson, C. O. and Ek, S. and Nilsonne, A.} } @article {210, title = {Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {23}, year = {1998}, month = {1998 Nov}, pages = {819-35}, abstract = {

During breastfeeding or suckling, maternal oxytocin levels are raised by somatosensory stimulation. Oxytocin may, however, also be released by nonnoxious stimuli such as touch, warm temperature etc. in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Consequently, oxytocin may be involved in physiological and behavioral effects induced by social interaction in a more general context. In both male and female rats oxytocin exerts potent physiological antistress effects. If daily oxytocin injections are repeated over a 5-day period, blood pressure is decreased by 10-20 mmHg, the withdrawal latency to heat stimuli is prolonged, cortisol levels are decreased and insulin and cholecystokinin levels are increased. These effects last from 1 to several weeks after the last injection. After repeated oxytocin treatment weight gain may be promoted and the healing rate of wounds increased. Most behavioral and physiological effects induced by oxytocin can be blocked by oxytocin antagonists. In contrast, the antistress effects can not, suggesting that unidentified oxytocin receptors may exist. The prolonged latency in the tail-flick test can be temporarily reversed by administration of naloxone, suggesting that endogenous opioid activity has been increased by the oxytocin injections. In contrast, the long-term lowering of blood pressure and of cortisol levels as well as the sedative effects of oxytocin have been found to be related to an increased activity of central alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Positive social interactions have been related to health-promoting effects. Oxytocin released in response to social stimuli may be part of a neuroendocrine substrate which underlies the benefits of positive social experiences. Such processes may in addition explain the health-promoting effects of certain alternative therapies. Because of the special properties of oxytocin, including the fact that it can become conditioned to psychological state or imagery, oxytocin may also mediate the benefits attributed to therapies such as hypnosis or meditation.

}, keywords = {Animals, Breast Feeding, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Lactation, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Parents}, issn = {0306-4530}, author = {Uvn{\"a}s-Moberg, K} } @article {7244, title = {Navigating irregularity: The impact of growing up undocumented in Europe}, year = {2021}, institution = {Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM)}, keywords = {displaced children, Migrant children, Undocumented children}, url = {https://picum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Navigating-Irregularity_EN.pdf}, author = {Van der Vennet, L. and Van den Bogaard, R. and LeVoy, M.} } @inbook {5663, title = {Prosocial development and situational morality: Neurobiological, parental, and contextual factors}, booktitle = {Pathways to peace: The transformative power of children and families}, volume = {15}, year = {2014}, pages = {161 - 184}, publisher = {The MIT Press}, organization = {The MIT Press}, chapter = {10}, abstract = {Prosocial behavior is any (voluntary) behavior intended to benefit others, and it is one of the potential contributions that an individual can make toward a more peaceful world. In this chapter, neurobiological, parental, and situational factors that might shape the prosocial behavior of children are discussed and emerging prosocial and antisocial behavior in infancy is reviewed and the question posed whether prosociality is inborn or obtained through socialization by parents. Twin studies suggest a considerable genetic component in prosociality, but current molecular genetic studies fail to support this outcome. Studies on gene-environment interaction, in particular on differential susceptibility, might be more promising as the influence of the family1 and wider social context on prosocial development seems undeniable. Hormonal influences on prosocial behavior have recently been studied using intranasal oxytocin administration, and some studies on prosociality related to neural activity and brain morphology in children have become available. This chapter ends with some thoughts and findings on situational morality. Environmental {\textquotedblleft}nudges{\textquotedblright} might play a more important role than is currently acknowledged in child development research and theories of prosociality.}, keywords = {brain morphology in children, gene-environment interactions, infant prosociality, Oxytocin}, doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.003.0010}, url = {https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/3682/Pathways-to-PeaceThe-Transformative-Power-of}, author = {van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.}, editor = {Leckman, James F. and Panter-Brick, Catherine and Salah, Rima} } @article {213, title = {A sniff of trust: meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on face recognition, trust to in-group, and trust to out-group.}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {37}, year = {2012}, month = {2012 Mar}, pages = {438-43}, abstract = {

The neuropeptide oxytocin has a popular reputation of being the \&$\#$39;love\&$\#$39; hormone. Here we test meta-analytically whether experiments with intranasal administration of oxytocin provide support for the proposed effects of oxytocin. Three psychological effects were subjected to meta-analysis: facial emotion recognition (13 effect sizes, N=408), in-group trust (8 effect sizes, N=317), and out-group trust (10 effect sizes; N=505). We found that intranasal oxytocin administration enhances the recognition of facial expressions of emotions, and that it elevates the level of in-group trust. The hypothesis that out-group trust is significantly decreased in the oxytocin condition was not supported. It is concluded that a sniff of oxytocin can change emotion perception and behavior in trusting relationships.

}, keywords = {Administration, Intranasal, Clinical Trials as Topic, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Peer Group, Photic Stimulation, Recognition (Psychology), Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Trust, Visual Perception}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.008}, author = {van IJzendoorn, M. H. and Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.} } @article {6192, title = {Sustaining warm and inclusive transitions across the Early Years. Final report with implications for policies and practices}, year = {2019}, institution = {Educational Research Institute (ERI)}, address = {Harlingen, TX }, keywords = {policy and practice, school readiness}, url = {http://start.pei.si/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/01/06_FINAL-REPORT.pdf}, author = {Van Laere, K. and Boudry, C. and Balduzzi, L. and Lazzari, A. and Prodger, A. and Welsh, C. and Geraghty, S. and Re{\v z}ek, M. and Mlinar, M.} } @article {713, title = {Using racial and ethnic concepts: The critical case of very young children}, journal = {American Sociological ReviewAmerican Sociological ReviewAmerican Sociological Review}, volume = {61}, number = {5}, year = {1996}, note = {Vl940
Times Cited:31
Cited References Count:45}, month = {Oct}, pages = {779-793}, abstract = {

We examine the racial and ethnic concepts and related actions of very young children in a preschool setting. Breaking with much of the conventional literature on the cognitive development of preschool children, we argue that young children engage in interaction involving clear and often sophisticated understandings of racial and ethnic concepts and meanings. We discuss: (1) how racial and ethnic concepts are used to exclude or include others; (2) how racial or ethnic concepts are used to define oneself and others; (3) how power and control link to racial and ethnic understandings; and (4) how adults misperceive the racial and ethnic language and activities of children.

}, isbn = {0003-1224}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096453?seq=1$\#$page_scan_tab_contents}, author = {VanAusdale, D. and Feagin, J. R.} } @article {6105, title = {Global survey of inclusive early childhood development and early childhood intervention programs}, year = {2019}, institution = {RISE Institute}, address = {Washington, DC}, keywords = {early childhood development intervention programs}, url = {https://www.ecdan.org/assets/global-survey-of-iecd-and-eci-programs---2019.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Dz73tExjQ7mYiUtMk1azUkld9z8nTao9D-d0ofZpU3wMKIoYLzAbmRXg}, author = {Vargas-Baron, E. and Small, J. and Wertlieb, D. and Hix-Small, H. and Botero, R. G. and Diehl, K. and Vergara, P. and Lynch, P.} } @inbook {587, title = {Child mental health, psychosocial wellbeing and resilience in Afghanistan: a review and future directions}, booktitle = {Handbook of Resilience in Children of War}, volume = {51-79}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Springer}, organization = {Springer}, url = {http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781461463740}, author = {P. Ventevogel and M. Jordans and M. Eggerman and B. van Mierlo and C. Panter-Brick}, editor = {C. Fernando and M. Ferrari} } @article {4996, title = {Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depressed youth in IDP camps in Northern Uganda: adaptation and training}, journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {Verdeli, Helen
Clougherty, Kathleen
Onyango, Grace
Lewandowski, Eric
Speelman, Liesbeth
Betancourt, Teresa S
Neugebauer, Richard
Stein, Traci R
Bolton, Paul
eng
2008/06/19 09:00
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008 Jul;17(3):605-24, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.03.002.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {605-24, ix}, abstract = {This article reviews the use of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with depressed youth living in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in North Uganda. This youth has been exposed to severe losses and disruptions in relationships with caregivers, family, and community members; limited access to formal education; exposure to malnutrition and infections; and pressure to prematurely assume adult family roles. The process of adaptation to the content and training of IPT for these youth is presented and illustrated with case examples.}, keywords = {*Adaptation, Psychological, *Interpersonal Relations, *Psychotherapy, Group, *Teaching, Adolescent, Depressive Disorder, Major/*psychology/*therapy, Humans, Learning, Play and Playthings, Uganda/ethnology}, isbn = {1056-4993 (Print)
1056-4993 (Linking)}, author = {Verdeli, H. and Clougherty, K. and Onyango, G. and Lewandowski, E. and Speelman, L. and Betancourt, T. S. and Neugebauer, R. and Stein, T. R. and Bolton, P.} } @article {736, title = {Peace Building and Conflict Resolution in Preschool Children}, journal = {Journal of Research in Childhood Education}, volume = {19}, year = {2004}, month = {Jun-06-2006}, pages = {131 - 142}, issn = {0256-8543}, doi = {10.1080/02568540409595060}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02568540409595060}, author = {Vestal, Anita and Jones, Nancy Aaron} } @article {5461, title = {Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, year = {2015}, note = {Victora, Cesar G
Horta, Bernardo Lessa
Loret de Mola, Christian
Quevedo, Luciana
Pinheiro, Ricardo Tavares
Gigante, Denise P
Goncalves, Helen
Barros, Fernando C
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2015/03/22 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Apr;3(4):e199-205. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70002-1.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e199-205}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has clear short-term benefits, but its long-term consequences on human capital are yet to be established. We aimed to assess whether breastfeeding duration was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ), years of schooling, and income at the age of 30 years, in a setting where no strong social patterning of breastfeeding exists. METHODS: A prospective, population-based birth cohort study of neonates was launched in 1982 in Pelotas, Brazil. Information about breastfeeding was recorded in early childhood. At 30 years of age, we studied the IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd version), educational attainment, and income of the participants. For the analyses, we used multiple linear regression with adjustment for ten confounding variables and the G-formula. FINDINGS: From June 4, 2012, to Feb 28, 2013, of the 5914 neonates enrolled, information about IQ and breastfeeding duration was available for 3493 participants. In the crude and adjusted analyses, the durations of total breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding (breastfeeding as the main form of nutrition with some other foods) were positively associated with IQ, educational attainment, and income. We identified dose-response associations with breastfeeding duration for IQ and educational attainment. In the confounder-adjusted analysis, participants who were breastfed for 12 months or more had higher IQ scores (difference of 3.76 points, 95\% CI 2.20-5.33), more years of education (0.91 years, 0.42-1.40), and higher monthly incomes (341.0 Brazilian reals, 93.8-588.3) than did those who were breastfed for less than 1 month. The results of our mediation analysis suggested that IQ was responsible for 72\% of the effect on income. INTERPRETATION: Breastfeeding is associated with improved performance in intelligence tests 30 years later, and might have an important effect in real life, by increasing educational attainment and income in adulthood. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, International Development Research Center (Canada), CNPq, FAPERGS, and the Brazilian Ministry of Health.}, keywords = {*Breast Feeding, *Income, *Intelligence, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brazil, Child Development/physiology, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Victora, C. G. and Horta, B. L. and Loret de Mola, C. and Quevedo, L. and Pinheiro, R. T. and Gigante, D. P. and Goncalves, H. and Barros, F. C.} } @article {3271, title = {Burundi: Population-based Survey on Peace and Education}, year = {2015}, url = {http://s3.amazonaws.com/inee-assets/resources/Population-Based_Survey_on_Peace_and_Education_-_Burundi.pdf}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and HarvardHumanitarianInitiative} } @article {5286, title = {Association of exposure to violence and potential traumatic events with self-reported physical and mental health status in the Central African Republic}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {304}, number = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2010/08/05 06:00
JAMA. 2010 Aug 4;304(5):544-52. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1065.}, month = {Aug 4}, pages = {544-52}, abstract = {CONTEXT: For decades, the Central African Republic (CAR) has experienced violence, economic stagnation, and institutional failure. The latest wave of violence erupted in 2001 and continues to this day in some areas. Yet there has been little attention to the conflict and even less research to document and quantify the conflict{\textquoteright}s human cost. OBJECTIVE: To study levels of violence in CAR, including mortality levels, and the association between exposure to violence and traumatic events with self-reported physical and mental health status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multistage stratified cluster random survey of 1879 adults 18 years or older in selected households conducted in 5 administrative units of CAR (3 in the south, which has been free from recent violence, and 2 in the north, in which violence continues) between October and December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, exposure to potential traumatic events, sense of insecurity, and meeting of symptom criteria for depression and anxiety using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 with a cut-off score of 1.75. RESULTS: The crude mortality rate (CMR) was 4.9 deaths (95\% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-5.1) per 1000 population per month and self-reported CMR due to violence was 0.8 deaths (95\% CI, 0.6-1.0) per 1000 population per month. Thirty-five percent reported their physical health status as being good or very good while 29\% described it as bad or very bad. Respondents in northern prefectures reported higher rates of mortality, exposure to trauma, and insecurity and lower levels of physical health and access to health services compared with those in the south. The estimated prevalences of symptoms of depression and anxiety were 55.3\% (95\% CI, 51.6\%-59.0\%) and 52.5\% (95\% CI, 48.1\%-56.8\%), respectively. Exposure to violence and self-reported physical health were statistically associated with mental health outcomes (P < .001). Anxiety symptom scores were higher for respondents in the northern prefectures than those in the south (t = 2.54, P = .01). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of adult respondents in CAR reported witnessing or having personally experienced traumatic events over the course of the conflicts, and more than half met symptom criteria for depression and anxiety.}, keywords = {*Health Status, *Mental Health, Adult, Anxiety/epidemiology, Central African Republic/epidemiology, Depression/epidemiology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mortality/trends, Prevalence, Violence/*psychology, Wounds and Injuries/*psychology}, isbn = {1538-3598 (Electronic)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N.} } @article {3426, title = {NOW THE KIDS ARE SAFE POPULATION-BASED SURVEY ON PEACE AND EDUCATION IN COÌ‚TE D{\textquoteright}IVOIRE}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.peacebuildingdata.org/sites/m/pdf/CoteIvoire_201609.pdf}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Balthazard, M. and HarvardHumanitarianIntiativeandUNICEF} } @article {3451, title = {Now the Kids are Safe: Population-based Survey on Peace and Education in Cote D{\textquoteright}Ivoire}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.peacebuildingdata.org/sites/m/pdf/CoteIvoire_201609.pdf}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Balthazard, M. and HarvardHumanitarianIntiativeandUNICEF} } @article {5301, title = {Exposure to war crimes and implications for peace building in northern Uganda}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {298}, number = {5}, year = {2007}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
Stover, Eric
Weinstein, Harvey M
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2007/08/02 09:00
JAMA. 2007 Aug 1;298(5):543-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.5.543.}, month = {Aug 1}, pages = {543-54}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Since the late 1980s, the Lord{\textquoteright}s Resistance Army has waged war against the Ugandan People{\textquoteright}s Democratic Army and the people of northern Uganda. Ending the conflict and achieving peace have proven to be challenges. In this context, it is important to examine population-based data on exposure to war crimes to understand how survivors perceive mechanisms aimed at achieving a lasting peace. OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of exposure to war-related violence and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in northern Uganda and to determine how these variables are associated with respondents{\textquoteright} views about peace. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multistage, stratified, random cluster survey of 2585 adults aged 18 years or older conducted in villages and camps for internally displaced persons in 4 districts of northern Uganda in April and May 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates and patterns of exposure to trauma; symptom criteria for PTSD, assessed via the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version with a total severity score of 44; symptoms of depression, assessed via the Johns Hopkins Depression Symptom Checklist with a cutoff of 42; and opinions and attitudes about peace. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 1774 of 2389 (74.3\%) met PTSD symptom criteria and 1151 of 2585 (44.5\%) met depression symptom criteria. Four patterns of exposure to trauma were distinguished: those with low exposure (group 1; 21.4\%), witnesses to war-related violence (group 2; 17.8\%), those threatened with death and/or physically injured (group 3; 16.4\%), and those abducted (group 4; 44.3\%). Respondents in groups 3 and 4, who experienced the most traumatic exposures, were more likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with group 1 (group 3 vs group 1: odds ratio [OR], 7.04 [95\% confidence interval {CI}, 5.02-9.87]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 6.07 [95\% CI, 4.77-7.71]). Groups 3 and 4 were also more likely to meet depression symptom criteria (group 3 vs group 1: OR, 5.76 [95\% CI, 4.34-7.65]; group 4 vs group 1: OR, 4.00 [95\% CI, 3.16-5.06]). Respondents who met the PTSD symptom criteria were more likely to identify violence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 1.31; 95\% CI, 1.05-1.65). Respondents who met the depression symptom criteria were less likely to identify nonviolence as a means to achieve peace (OR, 0.77; 95\% CI, 0.65-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found high prevalence rates for symptoms of PTSD and depression in a conflict zone. Respondents reporting symptoms of PTSD and depression were more likely to favor violent over nonviolent means to end the conflict.}, keywords = {*Attitude, *Warfare, Adult, Combat Disorders/*epidemiology/psychology, Depression/*epidemiology/psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology/psychology, Survivors/*psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Uganda, War Crimes/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {1538-3598 (Electronic)
0098-7484 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N. and Stover, E. and Weinstein, H. M.} } @article {5276, title = {Association of exposure to intimate-partner physical violence and potentially traumatic war-related events with mental health in Liberia}, journal = {Soc Sci Med}, volume = {77}, year = {2013}, note = {Vinck, Patrick
Pham, Phuong N
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2012/12/12 06:00
Soc Sci Med. 2013 Jan;77:41-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.10.026. Epub 2012 Nov 23.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {41-9}, abstract = {Liberia{\textquoteright}s wars between 1989 and 2003 resulted in hundreds of thousands of casualties and millions of victims. Gender-based violence was widespread during the conflict. Since the end of the war, however, little attention has been paid to ongoing violence against women, especially within the household. This research examines the relationships between intimate-partner physical violence, war experiences, and mental health nearly ten years after the end of the war. The study is based on a nationwide cross-sectional, multistage stratified cluster random survey of 4501 adults using structured interviews during a six-week period in November and December 2010. The main outcome measures are prevalence of intimate-partner physical violence, exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events, symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression. Among adult women, 37.7\% (95\%CI, 34.9-40.5; n = 852/2196) reported lifetime exposure to intimate-partner physical violence and 24.4\% (95\%CI, 22.1-26.9; n = 544/2196) reported incidence of intimate-partner physical violence over a one-year recall period. Among men, 23.2\% (95\%CI, 20.8-25.9, n = 475/2094) reported having severely beaten their spouse or partner over their lifetime; the incidence over the one-year recall was 12.2\% (95\%CI, 10.4-14.2, n = 259/2094). Among adult residents in Liberia, 10.6\% (95\%CI, 9.5-11.7, n = 546/4496) met the criteria for symptoms of depression, and 12.6\% (95\% CI, 11.5-13.9, n = 608/4496) met the criteria for symptoms of PTSD. Intimate-partner physical violence as a victim and as a perpetrator was significantly associated with exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events, especially among men. Among women, experiencing intimate-partner physical violence was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression. Among men, perpetrating intimate-partner physical violence was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression after adjusting for exposure to potentially traumatic war-related events. These findings suggest that intimate-partner physical violence may be a continued stressor in post-war societies that needs to be recognized and addressed as part of the reconstruction effort.}, keywords = {*Warfare, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression/*epidemiology, Female, Humans, Liberia/epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Qualitative Research, Spouse Abuse/*psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*epidemiology}, isbn = {1873-5347 (Electronic)
0277-9536 (Linking)}, author = {Vinck, P. and Pham, P. N.} } @article {7386, title = {Resilience in the context of war: A critical analysis of contemporary conceptions and interventions to promote resilience among war-affected children and their surroundings.}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {23}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-01-2017}, pages = {76 - 84}, keywords = {resilience, War, war-affected children}, issn = {1078-1919}, doi = {10.1037/pac0000214}, url = {https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2Fpac0000214}, author = {Vindevogel, Sofie} } @article {5466, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition--authors{\textquoteright} reply}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, year = {2015}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2015/01/27 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Feb;3(2):e81. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70380-8.}, month = {Feb}, pages = {e81}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {5436, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood undernutrition: evidence from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 low-income and middle-income countries}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/08/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Apr;2(4):e225-34. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70025-7. Epub 2014 Mar 27.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {e225-34}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Economic growth is widely regarded as a necessary, and often sufficient, condition for the improvement of population health. We aimed to assess whether macroeconomic growth was associated with reductions in early childhood undernutrition in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS: We analysed data from 121 Demographic and Health Surveys from 36 countries done between Jan 1, 1990, and Dec 31, 2011. The sample consisted of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of children aged 0-35 months, and the outcome variables were stunting, underweight, and wasting. The main independent variable was per-head gross domestic product (GDP) in constant prices and adjusted for purchasing power parity. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between changes in per-head GDP and changes in child undernutrition outcomes. Models were adjusted for country fixed effects, survey-year fixed effects, clustering, and demographic and socioeconomic covariates for the child, mother, and household. FINDINGS: Sample sizes were 462,854 for stunting, 485,152 for underweight, and 459,538 for wasting. Overall, 35.6\% (95\% CI 35.4-35.9) of young children were stunted (ranging from 8.7\% [7.6-9.7] in Jordan to 51.1\% [49.1-53.1] in Niger), 22.7\% (22.5-22.9) were underweight (ranging from 1.8\% [1.3-2.3] in Jordan to 41.7\% [41.1-42.3] in India), and 12.8\% (12.6-12.9) were wasted (ranging from 1.2\% [0.6-1.8] in Peru to 28.8\% [27.5-30.0] in Burkina Faso). At the country level, no association was seen between average changes in the prevalence of child undernutrition outcomes and average growth of per-head GDP. In models adjusted only for country and survey-year fixed effects, a 5\% increase in per-head GDP was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.993 (95\% CI 0.989-0.995) for stunting, 0.986 (0.982-0.990) for underweight, and 0.984 (0.981-0.986) for wasting. ORs after adjustment for the full set of covariates were 0.996 (0.993-1.000) for stunting, 0.989 (0.985-0.992) for underweight, and 0.983 (0.979-0.986) for wasting. These findings were consistent across various subsamples and for alternative variable specifications. Notably, no association was seen between per-head GDP and undernutrition in young children from the poorest household wealth quintile. ORs for the poorest wealth quintile were 0.997 (0.990-1.004) for stunting, 0.999 (0.991-1.008) for underweight, and 0.991 (0.978-1.004) for wasting. INTERPRETATION: A quantitatively very small to null association was seen between increases in per-head GDP and reductions in early childhood undernutrition, emphasising the need for direct health investments to improve the nutritional status of children in low-income and middle-income countries. FUNDING: None.}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics/epidemiology/pathology, Child, Preschool, Demography, Female, Growth Disorders/economics/epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Poverty, Prevalence, Thinness/economics/epidemiology, Wasting Syndrome/economics/epidemiology}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {5431, title = {Association between economic growth and early childhood nutrition--Authors{\textquoteright} reply}, journal = {Lancet Glob Health}, volume = {2}, number = {9}, year = {2014}, note = {Vollmer, Sebastian
Harttgen, Kenneth
Subramanyam, Malavika A
Finlay, Jocelyn
Klasen, Stephan
Subramanian, S V
eng
Comment
Letter
England
2014/10/12 06:00
Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Sep;2(9):e501-e502. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70268-2. Epub 2014 Aug 27.}, month = {Sep}, pages = {e501-e502}, keywords = {*Body Height, *Body Weight, *Developing Countries, *Economic Development, *Gross Domestic Product, *Income, Child Nutrition Disorders/*economics, Female, Humans, Male}, isbn = {2214-109X (Electronic)
2214-109X (Linking)}, author = {Vollmer, S. and Harttgen, K. and Subramanyam, M. A. and Finlay, J. and Klasen, S. and Subramanian, S. V.} } @article {737, title = {Eight years after - a follow-up study of mothers and children at psychosocial risk who received early treatment: does early intervention leave its mark?}, journal = {Child \& Family Social Work}, volume = {15}, year = {2010}, month = {Jan-11-2010}, pages = {452 - 460}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2010.00696.x/abstract}, author = {Wadsby, Marie and Arvidsson, Elisabeth} } @article {5692, title = {Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries}, journal = {The Lancet}, volume = {369}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, pages = {145 - 157}, issn = {01406736}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60076-2}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673607600762http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607600762?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0140673607600762?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Walker, Susan P and Wachs, Theodore D and Meeks Gardner, Julie and Lozoff, Betsy and Wasserman, Gail A and Pollitt, Ernesto and Carter, Julie A} } @article {5937, title = {Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {1474-547x
Walker, Susan P
Wachs, Theodore D
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Black, Maureen M
Nelson, Charles A
Huffman, Sandra L
Baker-Henningham, Helen
Chang, Susan M
Hamadani, Jena D
Lozoff, Betsy
Gardner, Julie M Meeks
Powell, Christine A
Rahman, Atif
Richter, Linda
080534/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Comment
England
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1325-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1325-38}, edition = {2011/09/29}, abstract = {Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children{\textquoteright}s risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world{\textquoteright}s poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {0140-6736}, doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60555-2}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Wachs, T. D. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Black, M. M. and Nelson, C. A. and Huffman, S. L. and Baker-Henningham, H. and Chang, S. M. and Hamadani, J. D. and Lozoff, B. and Gardner, J. M. and Powell, C. A. and Rahman, A. and Richter, L.} } @article {5416, title = {Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {378}, number = {9799}, year = {2011}, note = {Walker, Susan P
Wachs, Theodore D
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Black, Maureen M
Nelson, Charles A
Huffman, Sandra L
Baker-Henningham, Helen
Chang, Susan M
Hamadani, Jena D
Lozoff, Betsy
Gardner, Julie M Meeks
Powell, Christine A
Rahman, Atif
Richter, Linda
eng
080534/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Comment
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2011/09/29 06:00
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1325-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2. Epub 2011 Sep 22.}, month = {Oct 8}, pages = {1325-38}, abstract = {Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children{\textquoteright}s risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world{\textquoteright}s poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Humans}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Wachs, T. D. and Grantham-McGregor, S. and Black, M. M. and Nelson, C. A. and Huffman, S. L. and Baker-Henningham, H. and Chang, S. M. and Hamadani, J. D. and Lozoff, B. and Gardner, J. M. and Powell, C. A. and Rahman, A. and Richter, L.} } @article {5936, title = {Early childhood stimulation benefits adult competence and reduces violent behavior}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {127}, number = {5}, year = {2011}, note = {1098-4275
Walker, Susan P
Chang, Susan M
Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
Grantham-McGregor, Sally
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
United States
Pediatrics. 2011 May;127(5):849-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2231. Epub 2011 Apr 25.}, month = {May}, pages = {849-57}, edition = {2011/04/27}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An estimated 178 million children younger than 5 years in developing countries experience linear growth retardation and are unlikely to attain their developmental potential. We aimed to evaluate adult benefits from early childhood stimulation and/or nutritional supplementation in growth-retarded children. METHODS: In Kingston, Jamaica, 129 growth-retarded children aged 9 to 24 months took part in a 2-year trial of nutritional supplementation (1 kg milk-based formula per week) and/or psychosocial stimulation (weekly play sessions to improve mother-child interaction). We assessed IQ, educational attainment, and behavior at 22 years old in 105 participants. We used multivariate regressions, weighted to adjust for loss to follow-up, to determine treatment benefits. RESULTS: We found no significant benefits from supplementation. Participants who received stimulation reported less involvement in fights (odds ratio: 0.36 [95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-1.06]) and in serious violent behavior (odds ratio: 0.33 [95\% CI: 0.11-0.93]) than did participants with no stimulation. They also had higher adult IQ (coefficient: 6.3 [95\% CI: 2.2-10.4]), higher educational attainment (achievement, grade level attained, and secondary examinations), better general knowledge, and fewer symptoms of depression and social inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Early psychosocial intervention had wide-ranging benefits in adulthood that are likely to facilitate functioning in everyday life. The reductions in violent behavior are extremely important given the high levels of violence in many developing countries. The study provides critical evidence that early intervention can lead to gains in adult functioning.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Dietary Supplements, *Early Intervention (Education), Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Developing Countries, Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis/*rehabilitation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Growth Disorders/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Humans, Infant, Jamaica, Male, Malnutrition/epidemiology/physiopathology/*prevention \& control, Mental Competency, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Poverty, Regression Analysis, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Time Factors}, isbn = {0031-4005}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2010-2231}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Chang, S. M. and Vera-Hernandez, M. and Grantham-McGregor, S.} } @article {5386, title = {Effects of early childhood psychosocial stimulation and nutritional supplementation on cognition and education in growth-stunted Jamaican children: prospective cohort study}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {366}, number = {9499}, year = {2005}, note = {Walker, Susan P
Chang, Susan M
Powell, Christine A
Grantham-McGregor, Sally M
eng
Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2005/11/22 09:00
Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1804-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67574-5.}, month = {Nov 19}, pages = {1804-7}, abstract = {Growth retardation affects about a third of children younger than age 5 years in developing countries and is associated with poor development. Previously, we did a trial of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation in stunted children aged 9-24 months. Non-stunted children were also assessed. Both types of intervention improved development. We now present the effects of early interventions on cognition and education in 103 of the 129 stunted children and compare them with 64 of the 84 non-stunted children now aged 17-18 years. We recorded no significant effects of nutritional supplementation. Compared with no intervention, stimulation resulted in higher full scale IQ scores (coefficient 0.38, 95\% CI 0.06-0.71, p=0.02) and higher scores on the verbal subscale (0.37, 0.07-0.68, p=0.02), Peabody picture vocabulary test (7.84, 0.73-14.95, p=0.03), verbal analogies (0.26, 0.03-0.49, p=0.03), and reading tests (4.73, 1.31-8.14, p=0.007, and 2.7, 1.12-4.37, p=0.001). Overall, stunted non-stimulated participants had significantly poorer scores than the non-stunted group on 11 of 12 cognitive and educational tests. Stunting in early childhood is associated with cognitive and educational deficits in late adolescence, which are reduced by stimulation at a young age.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Cognition, *Nutritional Support, *Social Support, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Growth Disorders/*therapy, Humans, Infant, Intelligence Tests, Jamaica, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Regression Analysis}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Walker, S. P. and Chang, S. M. and Powell, C. A. and Grantham-McGregor, S. M.} } @article {5441, title = {Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013}, journal = {Lancet}, volume = {384}, number = {9947}, year = {2014}, note = {Wang, Haidong
Liddell, Chelsea A
Coates, Matthew M
Mooney, Meghan D
Levitz, Carly E
Schumacher, Austin E
Apfel, Henry
Iannarone, Marissa
Phillips, Bryan
Lofgren, Katherine T
Sandar, Logan
Dorrington, Rob E
Rakovac, Ivo
Jacobs, Troy A
Liang, Xiaofeng
Zhou, Maigeng
Zhu, Jun
Yang, Gonghuan
Wang, Yanping
Liu, Shiwei
Li, Yichong
Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu
Abera, Semaw Ferede
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Achoki, Tom
Adelekan, Ademola
Ademi, Zanfina
Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw
Allen, Peter J
AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz
Alvarez, Elena
Amankwaa, Adansi A
Amare, Azmeraw T
Ammar, Walid
Anwari, Palwasha
Cunningham, Solveig Argeseanu
Asad, Majed Masoud
Assadi, Reza
Banerjee, Amitava
Basu, Sanjay
Bedi, Neeraj
Bekele, Tolesa
Bell, Michelle L
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Blore, Jed D
Basara, Berrak Bora
Boufous, Soufiane
Breitborde, Nicholas
Bruce, Nigel G
Bui, Linh Ngoc
Carapetis, Jonathan R
Cardenas, Rosario
Carpenter, David O
Caso, Valeria
Castro, Ruben Estanislao
Catala-Lopez, Ferran
Cavlin, Alanur
Che, Xuan
Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Christophi, Costas A
Chuang, Ting-Wu
Cirillo, Massimo
da Costa Leite, Iuri
Courville, Karen J
Dandona, Lalit
Dandona, Rakhi
Davis, Adrian
Dayama, Anand
Deribe, Kebede
Dharmaratne, Samath D
Dherani, Mukesh K
Dilmen, Ugur
Ding, Eric L
Edmond, Karen M
Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
Fijabi, Daniel Obadare
Foigt, Nataliya
Forouzanfar, Mohammad H
Garcia, Ana C
Geleijnse, Johanna M
Gessner, Bradford D
Goginashvili, Ketevan
Gona, Philimon
Goto, Atsushi
Gouda, Hebe N
Green, Mark A
Greenwell, Karen Fern
Gugnani, Harish Chander
Gupta, Rahul
Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
Hammami, Mouhanad
Harb, Hilda L
Hay, Simon
Hedayati, Mohammad T
Hosgood, H Dean
Hoy, Damian G
Idrisov, Bulat T
Islami, Farhad
Ismayilova, Samaya
Jha, Vivekanand
Jiang, Guohong
Jonas, Jost B
Juel, Knud
Kabagambe, Edmond Kato
Kazi, Dhruv S
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Kereselidze, Maia
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan
Khang, Young-Ho
Kim, Daniel
Kinfu, Yohannes
Kinge, Jonas M
Kokubo, Yoshihiro
Kosen, Soewarta
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
Kumar, G Anil
Kumar, Kaushalendra
Kumar, Ravi B
Lai, Taavi
Lan, Qing
Larsson, Anders
Lee, Jong-Tae
Leinsalu, Mall
Lim, Stephen S
Lipshultz, Steven E
Logroscino, Giancarlo
Lotufo, Paulo A
Lunevicius, Raimundas
Lyons, Ronan Anthony
Ma, Stefan
Mahdi, Abbas Ali
Marzan, Melvin Barrientos
Mashal, Mohammad Taufiq
Mazorodze, Tasara T
McGrath, John J
Memish, Ziad A
Mendoza, Walter
Mensah, George A
Meretoja, Atte
Miller, Ted R
Mills, Edward J
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
Mokdad, Ali H
Monasta, Lorenzo
Montico, Marcella
Moore, Ami R
Moschandreas, Joanna
Msemburi, William T
Mueller, Ulrich O
Muszynska, Magdalena M
Naghavi, Mohsen
Naidoo, Kovin S
Narayan, K M Venkat
Nejjari, Chakib
Ng, Marie
de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J
Nyakarahuka, Luke
Ohkubo, Takayoshi
Omer, Saad B
Caicedo, Angel J Paternina
Pillay-van Wyk, Victoria
Pope, Dan
Pourmalek, Farshad
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
Rahman, Sajjad U R
Rana, Saleem M
Reilly, Robert Quentin
Rojas-Rueda, David
Ronfani, Luca
Rushton, Lesley
Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya
Salomon, Joshua A
Sampson, Uchechukwu
Santos, Itamar S
Sawhney, Monika
Schmidt, Jurgen C
Shakh-Nazarova, Marina
She, Jun
Sheikhbahaei, Sara
Shibuya, Kenji
Shin, Hwashin Hyun
Shishani, Kawkab
Shiue, Ivy
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
Singh, Jasvinder A
Skirbekk, Vegard
Sliwa, Karen
Soshnikov, Sergey S
Sposato, Luciano A
Stathopoulou, Vasiliki Kalliopi
Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos
Tabb, Karen M
Talongwa, Roberto Tchio
Teixeira, Carolina Maria
Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman
Thomson, Alan J
Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L
Toyoshima, Hideaki
Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala
Uwaliraye, Parfait
Uzun, Selen Begum
Vasankari, Tommi J
Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales
Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
Vollset, Stein Emil
Waller, Stephen
Wan, Xia
Weichenthal, Scott
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Weintraub, Robert G
Westerman, Ronny
Wilkinson, James D
Williams, Hywel C
Yang, Yang C
Yentur, Gokalp Kadri
Yip, Paul
Yonemoto, Naohiro
Younis, Mustafa
Yu, Chuanhua
Jin, Kim Yun
El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa
Zhu, Shankuan
Vos, Theo
Lopez, Alan D
Murray, Christopher J L
eng
095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
RG/08/014/24067/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom
201900/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
MR/L003120/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
MR/K023233/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
MR/K006525/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2014/05/07 06:00
Lancet. 2014 Sep 13;384(9947):957-79. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60497-9. Epub 2014 May 2.}, month = {Sep 13}, pages = {957-79}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success. METHODS: We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030. FINDINGS: We estimated that 6.3 million (95\% UI 6.0-6.6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64\% reduction from 17.6 million (17.1-18.1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152.5 per 1000 livebirths (130.6-177.4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2.3 (1.8-2.9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6.8\% to 0.1\%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41.6\% of under-5 deaths compared with 37.4\% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1.4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0.9 million and 2.2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4.2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1\% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone. INTERPRETATION: Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030. FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, US Agency for International Development.}, keywords = {Child Mortality/*trends, Child, Preschool, Global Health/statistics \& numerical data/*trends, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality/*trends, Infant, Newborn, Organizational Objectives, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors}, isbn = {1474-547X (Electronic)
0140-6736 (Linking)}, author = {Wang, H. and Liddell, C. A. and Coates, M. M. and Mooney, M. D. and Levitz, C. E. and Schumacher, A. E. and Apfel, H. and Iannarone, M. and Phillips, B. and Lofgren, K. T. and Sandar, L. and Dorrington, R. E. and Rakovac, I. and Jacobs, T. A. and Liang, X. and Zhou, M. and Zhu, J. and Yang, G. and Wang, Y. and Liu, S. and Li, Y. and Ozgoren, A. A. and Abera, S. F. and Abubakar, I. and Achoki, T. and Adelekan, A. and Ademi, Z. and Alemu, Z. A. and Allen, P. J. and AlMazroa, M. A. and Alvarez, E. and Amankwaa, A. A. and Amare, A. T. and Ammar, W. and Anwari, P. and Cunningham, S. A. and Asad, M. M. and Assadi, R. and Banerjee, A. and Basu, S. and Bedi, N. and Bekele, T. and Bell, M. L. and Bhutta, Z. and Blore, J. D. and Basara, B. B. and Boufous, S. and Breitborde, N. and Bruce, N. G. and Bui, L. N. and Carapetis, J. R. and Cardenas, R. and Carpenter, D. O. and Caso, V. and Castro, R. E. and Catala-Lopez, F. and Cavlin, A. and Che, X. and Chiang, P. P. and Chowdhury, R. and Christophi, C. A. and Chuang, T. W. and Cirillo, M. and da Costa Leite, I. and Courville, K. J. and Dandona, L. and Dandona, R. and Davis, A. and Dayama, A. and Deribe, K. and Dharmaratne, S. D. and Dherani, M. K. and Dilmen, U. and Ding, E. L. and Edmond, K. M. and Ermakov, S. P. and Farzadfar, F. and Fereshtehnejad, S. M. and Fijabi, D. O. and Foigt, N. and Forouzanfar, M. H. and Garcia, A. C. and Geleijnse, J. M. and Gessner, B. D. and Goginashvili, K. and Gona, P. and Goto, A. and Gouda, H. N. and Green, M. A. and Greenwell, K. F. and Gugnani, H. C. and Gupta, R. and Hamadeh, R. R. and Hammami, M. and Harb, H. L. and Hay, S. and Hedayati, M. T. and Hosgood, H. D. and Hoy, D. G. and Idrisov, B. T. and Islami, F. and Ismayilova, S. and Jha, V. and Jiang, G. and Jonas, J. B. and Juel, K. and Kabagambe, E. K. and Kazi, D. S. and Kengne, A. P. and Kereselidze, M. and Khader, Y. S. and Khalifa, S. E. and Khang, Y. H. and Kim, D. and Kinfu, Y. and Kinge, J. M. and Kokubo, Y. and Kosen, S. and Defo, B. K. and Kumar, G. A. and Kumar, K. and Kumar, R. B. and Lai, T. and Lan, Q. and Larsson, A. and Lee, J. T. and Leinsalu, M. and Lim, S. S. and Lipshultz, S. E. and Logroscino, G. and Lotufo, P. A. and Lunevicius, R. and Lyons, R. A. and Ma, S. and Mahdi, A. A. and Marzan, M. B. and Mashal, M. T. and Mazorodze, T. T. and McGrath, J. J. and Memish, Z. A. and Mendoza, W. and Mensah, G. A. and Meretoja, A. and Miller, T. R. and Mills, E. J. and Mohammad, K. A. and Mokdad, A. H. and Monasta, L. and Montico, M. and Moore, A. R. and Moschandreas, J. and Msemburi, W. T. and Mueller, U. O. and Muszynska, M. M. and Naghavi, M. and Naidoo, K. S. and Narayan, K. M. and Nejjari, C. and Ng, M. and de Dieu Ngirabega, J. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. and Nyakarahuka, L. and Ohkubo, T. and Omer, S. B. and Caicedo, A. J. and Pillay-van Wyk, V. and Pope, D. and Pourmalek, F. and Prabhakaran, D. and Rahman, S. U. and Rana, S. M. and Reilly, R. Q. and Rojas-Rueda, D. and Ronfani, L. and Rushton, L. and Saeedi, M. Y. and Salomon, J. A. and Sampson, U. and Santos, I. S. and Sawhney, M. and Schmidt, J. C. and Shakh-Nazarova, M. and She, J. and Sheikhbahaei, S. and Shibuya, K. and Shin, H. H. and Shishani, K. and Shiue, I. and Sigfusdottir, I. D. and Singh, J. A. and Skirbekk, V. and Sliwa, K. and Soshnikov, S. S. and Sposato, L. A. and Stathopoulou, V. K. and Stroumpoulis, K. and Tabb, K. M. and Talongwa, R. T. and Teixeira, C. M. and Terkawi, A. S. and Thomson, A. J. and Thorne-Lyman, A. L. and Toyoshima, H. and Dimbuene, Z. T. and Uwaliraye, P. and Uzun, S. B. and Vasankari, T. J. and Vasconcelos, A. M. and Vlassov, V. V. and Vollset, S. E. and Waller, S. and Wan, X. and Weichenthal, S. and Weiderpass, E. and Weintraub, R. G. and Westerman, R. and Wilkinson, J. D. and Williams, H. C. and Yang, Y. C. and Yentur, G. K. and Yip, P. and Yonemoto, N. and Younis, M. and Yu, C. and Jin, K. Y. and El Sayed Zaki, M. and Zhu, S. and Vos, T. and Lopez, A. D. and Murray, C. J.} } @article {6511, title = {COVID-19 CME Resources for Learners (Training for healthcare professionals)}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis}, keywords = {COVID-19, heathcare, Public Health}, url = {https://cme.wustl.edu/go/covid19-learners}, author = {WashingtonUniversitySchoolOfMedicine} } @article {6465, title = {COVID-19 and Children in Armed Conflict}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Watch List on Children in Armed Conflict}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {armed conflict, violence against children, violence exposure}, url = {https://watchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/2379-watchlist-factsheet-covid-19-final.pdf}, author = {WatchList} } @article {6464, title = {{\textquotedblleft}A Credible List{\textquotedblright}: Recommendations for the Secretary-General{\textquoteright}s 2020 Annual Report on Children and Armed Conflict}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Watch List on Children in Armed Conflict}, address = {New York City}, keywords = {armed conflict, violence against children, violence exposure}, url = {https://watchlist.org/wp-content/uploads/watchlist-credible-list-report-2020-final.pdf}, author = {WatchList} } @inbook {588, title = {Parent training with low-income families: promoting parental engagement through a collaborative approach}, booktitle = {Handbook of Child Abuse Research and Treatment}, year = {1998}, publisher = {Pienum Press}, organization = {Pienum Press}, address = {New York, NY}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-2909-2_8}, author = {C. Webster-Stratton}, editor = {J. R. Lutzker} } @article {406, title = {Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: evaluation of the Incredible Years Teacher and Child Training Programs in high-risk schools.}, journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, month = {2008 May}, pages = {471-88}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: School readiness, conceptualized as three components including emotional self-regulation, social competence, and family/school involvement, as well as absence of conduct problems play a key role in young children\&$\#$39;s future interpersonal adjustment and academic success. Unfortunately, exposure to multiple poverty-related risks increases the odds that children will demonstrate increased emotional dysregulation, fewer social skills, less teacher/parent involvement and more conduct problems. Consequently intervention offered to socio-economically disadvantaged populations that includes a social and emotional school curriculum and trains teachers in effective classroom management skills and in promotion of parent-school involvement would seem to be a strategic strategy for improving young children\&$\#$39;s school readiness, leading to later academic success and prevention of the development of conduct disorders.

METHODS: This randomized trial evaluated the Incredible Years (IY) Teacher Classroom Management and Child Social and Emotion curriculum (Dinosaur School) as a universal prevention program for children enrolled in Head Start, kindergarten, or first grade classrooms in schools selected because of high rates of poverty. Trained teachers offered the Dinosaur School curriculum to all their students in bi-weekly lessons throughout the year. They sent home weekly dinosaur homework to encourage parents\&$\#$39; involvement. Part of the curriculum involved promotion of lesson objectives through the teachers\&$\#$39; continual use of positive classroom management skills focused on building social competence and emotional self-regulation skills as well as decreasing conduct problems. Matched pairs of schools were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions.

RESULTS: Results from multi-level models on a total of 153 teachers and 1,768 students are presented. Children and teachers were observed in the classrooms by blinded observers at the beginning and the end of the school year. Results indicated that intervention teachers used more positive classroom management strategies and their students showed more social competence and emotional self-regulation and fewer conduct problems than control teachers and students. Intervention teachers reported more involvement with parents than control teachers. Satisfaction with the program was very high regardless of grade levels.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the efficacy of this universal preventive curriculum for enhancing school protective factors and reducing child and classroom risk factors faced by socio-economically disadvantaged children.

}, keywords = {Achievement, Aggression, Child, Conduct Disorder, Education, Female, Humans, Male, Questionnaires, School Health Services, Schools, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, Teaching}, issn = {1469-7610}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01861.x}, author = {Webster-Stratton, C. and Jamila Reid, M. and Stoolmiller, M.} } @article {5091, title = {Impacts of a prekindergarten program on children{\textquoteright}s mathematics, language, literacy, executive function, and emotional skills}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {84}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {Weiland, Christina
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2013/03/29 06:00
Child Dev. 2013 Nov-Dec;84(6):2112-30. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12099. Epub 2013 Mar 27.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {2112-30}, abstract = {Publicly funded prekindergarten programs have achieved small-to-large impacts on children{\textquoteright}s cognitive outcomes. The current study examined the impact of a prekindergarten program that implemented a coaching system and consistent literacy, language, and mathematics curricula on these and other nontargeted, essential components of school readiness, such as executive functioning. Participants included 2,018 four and five-year-old children. Findings indicated that the program had moderate-to-large impacts on children{\textquoteright}s language, literacy, numeracy and mathematics skills, and small impacts on children{\textquoteright}s executive functioning and a measure of emotion recognition. Some impacts were considerably larger for some subgroups. For urban public school districts, results inform important programmatic decisions. For policy makers, results confirm that prekindergarten programs can improve educationally vital outcomes for children in meaningful, important ways.}, keywords = {*Language, *Mathematics, Achievement, Boston, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Curriculum, Early Intervention (Education)/methods, Emotions/*physiology, Executive Function/*physiology, Humans, Memory/physiology, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Reading, Teaching/methods, Vocabulary}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Weiland, C. and Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {4076, title = {The association between 2D:4D ratio and cognitive empathy is contingent on a common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576).}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {58}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Aug}, pages = {23-32}, abstract = {

Both testosterone and oxytocin influence an individual{\textquoteright}s accuracy in inferring another{\textquoteright}s feelings and emotions. Fetal testosterone, and the second-to-forth digit ratio (2D:4D) as its proxy, plays a role in social cognitive development, often by attenuating socio-affective skill. Conversely, oxytocin generally facilitates socio-affiliative and empathic cognition and behavior. A common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene, OXTR rs53576, has been repeatedly linked with psychosocial competence, including empathy, with individuals homozygous for the G allele typically characterized by enhanced socio-cognitive skills compared to A allele carriers. We examined the role of oxytocin and testosterone in collectively contributing to individual differences in cognitive empathy as measured by Baron-Cohen{\textquoteright}s "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" task (RMET). Findings are based on a large cohort of male and female students (N=1463) of Han Chinese ethnicity. In line with existing literature, women outperformed men in the RMET. Men showed significantly lower 2D:4D ratio compared to women, indicating higher exposure to testosterone during the prenatal period. Interestingly, variation in the OXTR gene was found to interact with 2D:4D to predict men{\textquoteright}s (but not women{\textquoteright}s) RMET performance. Among men with GG allelic variation, those with low fetal testosterone performed better on the RMET, compared to men with GG and high fetal testosterone, suggesting greater identification of another{\textquoteright}s emotional state. Taken together, our data lend unique support to the mutual influence of the oxytocin and testosterone systems in shaping core aspect of human social cognition early in development, further suggesting that this effect is gender-specific.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Anthropometry, Cognition, Empathy, Female, Fingers, Genetic Association Studies, Genotype, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Oxytocin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Young Adult}, issn = {1873-3360}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.007}, author = {Weisman, O. and Pelphrey, K. A. and Leckman, J. F. and Feldman, R. and Lu, Y. and Chong, A. and Chen, Y. and Monakhov, M. and Chew, S. H. and Ebstein, R. P.} } @article {6307, title = {Global threat assessment 2019: Working together to end the sexual exploitation of children online}, year = {2019}, institution = {We Protect Global Alliance}, address = {London, England}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {child pornography, child prostitution, child sexual abuse and exploitation, online, violence against children}, url = {https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5630f48de4b00a75476ecf0a/t/5deecb0fc4c5ef23016423cf/1575930642519/FINAL+-+Global+Threat+Assessment.pdf}, author = {WeProtect} } @article {3141, title = {Children and armed conflict: Interventions for supporting war-affected children}, journal = {Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, pages = {4-13}, publisher = {Educational Publishing Foundation}, address = {US}, abstract = {Mental health, psychosocial, and peacebuilding supports are badly needed to support war-affected children in diverse countries. To meet the scale of the needs in an accountable manner, it is essential to have a broad vision of systemic supports for populations of war-affected children. This article, which introduces the 2nd Special Issue on Children and Armed Conflict, outlines 3 pillars of systemic supports for war-affected children: comprehensiveness, sustainability, and Do No Harm. It shows how supports should be multileveled, resilience-oriented, multidisciplinary, tailored to fit different subgroups, and attentive to issues of policy and funding. The achievement of sustainability requires additional attention to building on existing supports, adapting to the local culture and context, focusing more on capacity building than on projects, greater power sharing with local actors, embedding supports in local institutions, and strengthening the evidence base regarding sustainability. The Do No Harm principle requires self-critical practice and the prevention and management of unintended harms related to issues such as discrimination, the use of orphanages as the first resort for war orphans and separated children, raised expectations, dependency, and picking open the psychological wounds of war-affected children. With these pillars as a framework, the article ends with a brief overview of the 8 articles that comprise this 2nd Special Issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)}, keywords = {*Conflict, *Intervention, War}, isbn = {1532-7949(Electronic);1078-1919(Print)}, author = {Wessells, Michael G.} } @article {5854, title = {Autonomous and dependent{\textendash}The dichotomy of birth: A feminist analysis of birth plans in Sweden}, journal = {Midwifery}, volume = {68}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-01-2019}, pages = {56 - 64}, issn = {02666138}, doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2018.10.008}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0266613818303048https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0266613818303048?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0266613818303048?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Westergren, Agneta and Edin, Kerstin and Walsh, Denis and Christianson, Monica} } @article {6092, title = {Using the power of mass media to achieve impact at scale: an experiment that worked}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood education (ECE), Mass Media, Sesame Street, Sesame Workshop}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/2019/using-the-power-of-mass-media-to-achieve-impact-at-scale-an-experiment-that-worked/}, author = {Westin, S.} } @article {738, title = {A multi-site evaluation of Parents Raising Safe Kids Violence Prevention Program}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {33}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-10-2011}, pages = {1960 - 1967}, issn = {01907409}, doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.022}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190740911002003http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911002003?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0190740911002003?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {Weymouth, Lindsay Adelman and Howe, Tasha R.} } @article {693, title = {Accelerating Language-Development through Picture Book Reading}, journal = {Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, note = {P0266
Times Cited:338
Cited References Count:38}, month = {Jul}, pages = {552-559}, isbn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037//0012-1649.24.4.552}, author = {Whitehurst, G. J. and Falco, F. L. and Lonigan, C. J. and Fischel, J. E. and Debaryshe, B. D. and Valdezmenchaca, M. C. and Caulfield, M.} } @article {739, title = {Effectiveness of day treatment with proctor care for young children: A four-year follow-up}, journal = {Journal of Community Psychology}, volume = {31}, year = {2003}, month = {Jan-09-2003}, pages = {459 - 468}, issn = {0090-4392}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcop.10062/pdf}, author = {Whitemore, Erin and Ford, Monica and Sack, William H.} } @article {740, title = {Center-Based Early Head Start and Children Exposed to Family Conflict}, journal = {Early Education \& Development}, volume = {20}, year = {2009}, month = {Aug-12-2009}, pages = {942 - 957}, issn = {1040-9289}, doi = {10.1080/10409280903206211}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10409280903206211}, author = {Whiteside-Mansell, Leanne and Bradley, Robert and McKelvey, Lorraine and Lopez, Maya} } @article {6527, title = {A future for the world{\textquoteright}s children. WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

A WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission, made up of leading child health experts from around the world, has produced a landmark report on child health and well-being, entitled A future for the world\’s children?

This new report repositions every aspect of child health through the lens of our rapidly changing climate and other existential threats to children; proposes novel solutions; and calls for urgent action.

Progress on indicators of child health and well-being is currently stalled across the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but can be jump-started with the right focus, leadership, involvement, policies and investment.

(See:\ https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/a-future-fit-for-children)

}, keywords = {child health, climate change, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)}, url = {https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/a-future-fit-for-children}, author = {WHO and Lancet} } @article {6128, title = {Operationalizing nurturing care for early childhood development: The role of the health sector alongside other sectors and actors}, year = {2019}, institution = {WHO}, keywords = {early childhood development, Health, nurturing care, nurturing care framework}, url = {https://nurturing-care.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Operationalizing-NC.pdf}, author = {WHO and UNICEF and WorldBank and ECDAN} } @article {6376, title = {Summary | Improving early childhood development: WHO guideline}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {early childhood development, nurturing care}, url = {https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/child/Improving_Early_Childhood_Development_WHO_Guideline_Summary__.pdf}, author = {WHO} } @article {6509, title = {Global leaders unite to ensure everyone everywhere can access new vaccines, tests and treatments for COVID-19}, year = {2020}, month = {04/2020}, publisher = {World Health Organization (WHO)}, url = {https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/24-04-2020-global-leaders-unite-to-ensure-everyone-everywhere-can-access-new-vaccines-tests-and-treatments-for-covid-19}, author = {WHO} } @article {6375, title = {WHO guideline to improve early childhood development}, year = {2020}, publisher = {World Health Organization (WHO)}, abstract = {

}, keywords = {early childhood development, nurturing care}, isbn = {ISBN: 978-92-4-000209-8 6}, url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/world/improving-early-childhood-development-who-guideline}, author = {WHO} } @article {6477, title = {Country \& Technical Guidance - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)}, year = {2020}, keywords = {country guidance, COVID-19, technical guidance}, url = {https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance}, author = {WHO} } @article {6476, title = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public}, year = {2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, public advice}, url = {https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public}, author = {WHO} } @book {557, title = {The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Bloomsbury USA}, organization = {Bloomsbury USA}, isbn = {9781608193417}, url = {http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-spirit-level-9781608191703/}, author = {Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K.} } @article {214, title = {Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence.}, journal = {J Abnorm Child Psychol}, volume = {37}, year = {2009}, month = {2009 Nov}, pages = {1063-75}, abstract = {

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is characterized by a pattern of extreme social reticence, risk for internalizing behavior problems, and possible protection against externalizing behavior problems. Parenting style may also contribute to these associations between BI and behavior problems (BP). A sample of 113 children was assessed for BI in the laboratory at 14 and 24 months of age, self-report of maternal parenting style at 7 years of age, and maternal report of child internalizing and externalizing BP at 4, 7, and 15 years. Internalizing problems at age 4 were greatest among behaviorally inhibited children who also were exposed to permissive parenting. Furthermore, greater authoritative parenting was associated with less of an increase in internalizing behavior problems over time and greater authoritarian parenting was associated with a steeper decline in externalizing problems. Results highlight the importance of considering child and environmental factors in longitudinal patterns of BP across childhood and adolescence.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Authoritarianism, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Inhibition (Psychology), Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Parenting, Permissiveness, Personality Assessment, Shyness, Social Environment, Statistics as Topic, Temperament}, issn = {1573-2835}, doi = {10.1007/s10802-009-9331-3}, author = {Williams, Lela Rankin and Degnan, Kathryn A and Perez-Edgar, Koraly E and Henderson, Heather A and Rubin, Kenneth H and Pine, Daniel S and Steinberg, Laurence and Fox, Nathan A} } @article {4921, title = {Transactional sex as a form of child sexual exploitation and abuse in Rwanda: implications for child security and protection}, journal = {Child Abuse Negl}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Williams, Timothy P
Binagwaho, Agnes
Betancourt, Theresa S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
England
2012/04/10 06:00
Child Abuse Negl. 2012 Apr;36(4):354-61. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.11.006. Epub 2012 Apr 6.}, month = {Apr}, pages = {354-61}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To illuminate the different manifestations of transactional sexual exploitation and abuse among Rwanda{\textquoteright}s children in order to inform effective responses by policies, programs, and communities. METHOD: Qualitative data was collected during April and May 2010. One-hundred and thirty-nine adults (56\% female) and 52 children (60\% female) participated in focus groups across three geographic locations in Rwanda. Eleven interviews were held with child protection stakeholders. RESULTS: Interview and focus group participants reported how children, primarily girls, engaged in transactional sex as a survival strategy in response to situations of adversity including economic deprivation, difficulty accessing school, and social pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Policy and programs should work to address the underlying social and economic determinants of transactional sexual exploitation through structural interventions that reduce gender inequalities to accessing school and securing basic needs. Further quantitative and qualitative research to better understand the complexities of this issue is warranted.}, keywords = {Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Sexual/*statistics \& numerical data, Child Welfare/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Poverty, Rwanda/epidemiology, Sex Work/statistics \& numerical data, Sexual Harassment/statistics \& numerical data, Vulnerable Populations}, isbn = {1873-7757 (Electronic)
0145-2134 (Linking)}, author = {Williams, T. P. and Binagwaho, A. and Betancourt, T. S.} } @book {558, title = {Sociobiology: The New Synthesis}, year = {2000}, publisher = {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, organization = {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press}, isbn = {9780674000896}, url = {https://books.google.com/books?id=v7lV9tz8fXAC}, author = {Wilson, E.O.} } @book {5964, title = {Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health}, year = {2019}, publisher = {National Academies Press}, organization = {National Academies Press}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, isbn = {978-0-309-47683-6}, doi = {10.17226/25129}, url = {https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25129}, editor = {Wizemann, Theresa M.} } @article {407, title = {Evaluation of free to grow: head start partnerships to promote substance-free communities.}, journal = {Eval Rev}, volume = {35}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Apr}, pages = {153-88}, abstract = {

Free to Grow: Head Start Partnerships to Promote Substance-free Communities (FTG) was a national initiative in which local Head Start (HS) agencies, in partnership with other community organizations, implemented a mix of evidence-based family-strengthening and community-strengthening strategies. The evaluation of FTG used a quasi-experimental design to compare 14 communities that participated in the FTG intervention with 14 matched comparison communities. Telephone surveys were conducted with two cohorts of the primary caregivers of children in HS at baseline and then annually for 2 years. The survey was also administered to repeated cross-sectional samples of primary caregivers of young children who were not enrolled in HS. No consistent evidence was found in changes in family functioning or neighborhood conditions when the 14 FTG sites were compared to 14 matched sites. However, caregivers of young children who were not in HS in three high-implementing FTG sites showed evidence of improvements in neighborhood organization, neighborhood norms against substance abuse, and child disciplinary practices. Results provide highly limited support for the concept that family and neighborhood conditions that are likely to affect child development and well-being can be changed through organized efforts implemented by local HS programs.

}, keywords = {Consumer Participation, Cooperative Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Early Intervention (Education), Ethnic Groups, Health Promotion, Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Marketing, Substance-Related Disorders, Time Factors}, issn = {1552-3926}, doi = {10.1177/0193841X11403989}, author = {Wolfson, Mark and Champion, Heather and Rogers, Todd and Neiberg, Rebecca H and Barker, Dianne C and Talton, Jennifer W and Ip, Edward H and D{\textquoteright}Agostino, Ralph B and Parries, Maria T and Easterling, Doug} } @article {6512, title = {Spirals of Inequality}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Women{\textquoteright}s Budget Group}, abstract = {

Spirals of Inequality from Women\&$\#$39;s Budget Group on Vimeo.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, economic policy, gender inequality}, url = {https://vimeo.com/409866367}, author = {WomensBudgetGroup} } @article {5361, title = {Pathways for peace : inclusive approaches to preventing violent conflict}, year = {2018}, note = {World Bank Group, United Nations.
color illustrations, color maps.
Includes bibliographical references.
Introduction. Prevention of violent conflict works and is cost-effective ; Why, then, is there so little belief in the prevention of violent conflict? ; What is the prevention of violent conflict? ; Can prevention of violent conflict be done differently? ; The importance of agency to prevention -- A surge and expansion of violent conflict. Violent conflict in the twenty-first century ; Understanding trends in violent conflict ; The unacceptable costs of violent conflict ; How violent conflicts end -- The need for prevention in an interdependent world. An international system in search of a new equilibrium ; Risk and opportunity in an increasingly connected world -- Pathways for peace. A framework for peaceful pathways ; Path dependency of violence ; The centrality of actors ; Understanding risk and opportunity ; Prevention and sustaining peace : building peaceful pathways ; Scenarios for pathways to peace or violence -- Why people fight : inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. Inequality and violent conflict ; The multiple and intersecting dimensions of exclusion ; Exclusion, identity, grievances, and mobilization to violence -- What people fight over : arenas of contestation. Risk and opportunity in the arenas of contestation ; The arena of power and governance ; The arena of land and natural resources ; The arena of service delivery ; The arena of security and justice -- Country approaches to preventing violent conflict. Navigating transition moments ; Changing actors{\textquoteright} incentives ; Addressing institutional weaknesses ; Investing in structural factors -- The international architecture for prevention. Systemic prevention ; Regional action ; International tools for prevention ; International development assistance ; Areas of convergence between diplomatic, security, and development instruments -- Pursuing pathways for peace : recommendations for building inclusive approaches for prevention. Principles for prevention ; An agenda for action : prevention in practice ; Organizing for prevention ; A call for action -- Appendix A: Thematic papers and case studies.
Print version record.}, pages = {1 online resource (xxxiv, 299 pages)}, institution = {World Bank,}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, keywords = {Electronic books., International cooperation., International relations., Peace Economic aspects., Political violence., Security, International., Sustainable development., United Nations. General Assembly. (2015)}, isbn = {9781464811869
1464811865}, author = {WorldBankGroup and UnitedNations} } @article {5734, title = {Global strategy for women{\textquoteright}s, children{\textquoteright}s and adolescents{\textquoteright} health (2016 -2030): 2018 monitoring report}, year = {2018}, institution = {World Health Organization}, keywords = {adolescent{\textquoteright}s health, children{\textquoteright}s health, early childhood development, Women{\textquoteright}s Health}, url = {http://www.who.int/life-course/partners/global-strategy/gswcah-2018-monitoring-report/en/}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization} } @article {5699, title = {Preventing violence: Evaluation outcomes of parenting programs}, year = {2013}, institution = {World Health Organization}, url = {http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/parenting_evaluations/en/}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization} } @article {4186, title = {Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential}, year = {2018}, institution = {World Health Organization}, address = { Geneva}, keywords = {nurturing care}, url = {http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272603/9789241514064-eng.pdf?ua=1}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization and UNICEF and WorldBankGroup} } @article {5733, title = {Care for child development: Improving the care for young children}, year = {2012}, institution = {World Health Organization}, keywords = {child and adolescent health, Maternal, newborn}, url = {http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/care_child_development/en/}, author = {WorldHealthOrganization} } @article {6462, title = {Compendium of Resources | World Vision Coronavirus Health Crisis}, year = {2020}, keywords = {coronavirus, COVID-19, Public Health}, url = {https://www.wvi.org/emergencies/coronavirus-health-crisis/our-impact?fbclid=IwAR2G7QZNrJDDLPJd5YZyBISgZdQgXQL8zEPgQ0m8UIU7QjRF5kjMJ5s5r9c$\#$}, author = {WorldVision} } @article {5161, title = {Homeless street children in Nepal: use of allostatic load to assess the burden of childhood adversity}, journal = {Dev Psychopathol}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {2008}, note = {Worthman, Carol M
Panter-Brick, Catherine
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2008/01/24 09:00
Dev Psychopathol. 2008 Winter;20(1):233-55. doi: 10.1017/S0954579408000114.}, month = {Winter}, pages = {233-55}, abstract = {As challenges to child well-being through economic disadvantage, family disruption, and migration or displacement escalate world wide, the need for cross-culturally robust understanding of childhood adversity proportionately increases. Toward this end, developmental risk was assessed in four contrasting groups of 107 Nepali children ages 10-14 years that represent distinctive, common conditions in which contemporary children grow up. Relative cumulative burden (allostatic load) indexed by multiple dimensions of physical and psychosocial stress was ascertained among homeless street boys and three family-based groups, from poor urban squatter settlements, urban middle class, and a remote rural village. Biomarkers of stress and vulnerability to stress included growth status, salivary cortisol, antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, acute phase inflammatory responses (alpha1-antichymotrypsin), and cardiovascular fitness and reactivity (flex heart rate and pressor response). Individual biomarkers of risk and allostatic load differed markedly among groups, were highest in villagers, and varied by components of allostatic load. Such data suggest a need for critical appraisal of homelessness and migration as a risk factor to youth, given prevailing local conditions such as rural poverty, and represents the only multidimensional study of childhood allostatic load and developmental risk in non-Western settings.}, keywords = {*Developing Countries, Adolescent, Allostasis/*physiology, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin/blood, Antibodies, Viral/blood, Arousal/physiology, Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Heart Rate/physiology, Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology, Homeless Youth/*psychology, Humans, Hydrocortisone/blood, Life Style, Male, Nepal, Physical Fitness/physiology, Poverty/psychology, Psychosocial Deprivation, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Saliva/chemistry, Urban Population}, isbn = {0954-5794 (Print)
0954-5794 (Linking)}, author = {Worthman, C. M. and Panter-Brick, C.} } @article {7167, title = {A bioecocultural approach to supporting adolescent mothers and their young children in conflict-affected contexts}, journal = {Development and Psychopathology}, year = {2021}, month = {Jan-02-2021}, pages = {1 - 13}, keywords = {2030 Sustainable Development Goals, advocacy and social policy, early childhood development, parenting programs, peacebuilding}, issn = {0954-5794}, doi = {10.1017/S095457942000156X}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S095457942000156X/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S095457942000156X}, author = {Wuermli, Alice J. and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Hastings, Paul D.} } @article {6074, title = {Gender-responsive pedagogy in early childhood education: A toolkit for teachers and school leaders}, year = {2019}, pages = {1-169}, publisher = {Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE)}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, keywords = {Early childhood education, gender-responsive pedagogy}, url = {file:///C:/Users/njf7/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/Content.Outlook/IV7MGFOD/GRP-in-ECE-Toolkit_low_res_72dpi_English.pdf}, author = {WVOB and FAWE and UNESCO and AfricanUnion} } @article {5106, title = {The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: implications for prevention}, journal = {Am Psychol}, volume = {67}, number = {4}, year = {2012}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Aber, J Lawrence
Beardslee, William R
eng
2R01 HD042144-07A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
Review
2012/05/16 06:00
Am Psychol. 2012 May-Jun;67(4):272-84. doi: 10.1037/a0028015.}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {272-84}, abstract = {This article considers the implications for prevention science of recent advances in research on family poverty and children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health. First, we describe definitions of poverty and the conceptual and empirical challenges to estimating the causal effects of poverty on children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health. Second, we offer a conceptual framework that incorporates selection processes that affect who becomes poor as well as mechanisms through which poverty appears to influence child and youth mental health. Third, we use this conceptual framework to selectively review the growing literatures on the mechanisms through which family poverty influences the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children. We illustrate how a better understanding of the mechanisms of effect by which poverty impacts children{\textquoteright}s mental, emotional, and behavioral health is valuable in designing effective preventive interventions for those in poverty. Fourth, we describe strategies to directly reduce poverty and the implications of these strategies for prevention. This article is one of three in a special section (see also Biglan, Flay, Embry, \& Sandler, 2012; Munoz, Beardslee, \& Leykin, 2012) representing an elaboration on a theme for prevention science developed by the 2009 report of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Psychology, Child, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Mental Disorders/*prevention \& control, Mental Health/*economics, Poverty/prevention \& control/*psychology}, isbn = {1935-990X (Electronic)
0003-066X (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Aber, J. L. and Beardslee, W. R.} } @article {5126, title = {Advancing Methods in Research on Asian American Children and Youth}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Mistry, Rashmita
Wang, Yijie
eng
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2016/07/10 06:00
Child Dev. 2016 Jul;87(4):1033-50. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12576.}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1033-50}, abstract = {Asian American children and youth constitute at the same time an immigrant group, a set of ethnic groups, and a set of cultural groups. Research on these populations can therefore take on one or more of these perspectives. This article provides guidance for research methods in three areas: (a) conceptualizing and assessing migration-related factors, (b) assessing ethnicity and national origin, and (c) using culturally and contextually relevant measures. Methodological recommendations are made for each area, with attention to small-scale studies with community samples as well as large-scale data sets. In addition, this article recommends researchers attend to within-group variations (i.e., intersections of ethnicity, generational status, gender, class, sexuality), the embeddedness of individual development in context, and specificity of developmental periods.}, keywords = {*Acculturation, *Asian Americans, *Emigrants and Immigrants, *Human Development, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Research/*standards}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Mistry, R. and Wang, Y.} } @article {5101, title = {Welfare dynamics, support services, mothers{\textquoteright} earnings, and child cognitive development: implications for contemporary welfare reform}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {70}, number = {3}, year = {1999}, note = {Yoshikawa, H
eng
96ASPE280A/PHS HHS/
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.
1999/06/16 00:00
Child Dev. 1999 May-Jun;70(3):779-801.}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {779-801}, abstract = {This prospective longitudinal study, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY; N = 614), addresses the gap in the research literature regarding the effects of welfare reform on children. Key questions addressed include whether welfare dynamics and support services relevant to welfare reform, both measured across the first 5 years of life, are associated with mothers{\textquoteright} earnings in the 6th year and three child cognitive outcomes in the 7th and 8th years: Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) math and reading scores, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Welfare dynamics are represented by total time on welfare, degree of cycling on and off welfare, and degree to which welfare and work are combined. Support services measured include three forms of child care (relative, babysitter, and center-based), as well as three forms of human capital supports (child support, job training, and education). Controlling for a range of background factors and for different patterns of welfare use across the first 5 years, small positive associations with mother{\textquoteright}s earnings were found for child support, education, and job training. Small positive associations also were found between child support and both math and reading scores. Finally positive associations of medium effect size were found between center care and both mothers{\textquoteright} earnings and child PPVT scores. Although effect sizes are generally small, the results suggest the potential value of welfare reform approaches that emphasize long-term human capital development. Interactions between welfare dynamics and support services suggest subgroup differences. Specifically, positive effects of support services on earnings are strongest among mothers with higher levels of human capital (higher levels of work while on welfare, lower total time on welfare). Babysitter care appears to have negative effects on both reading and math scores of children whose mothers report low levels of work while on welfare. Implications for welfare reform policy are discussed.}, keywords = {*Achievement, *Child Development, *Public Assistance/standards/trends, *Social Welfare, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Child Care/standards/statistics \& numerical data, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology, Family Characteristics, Family Health, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Poverty/statistics \& numerical data, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Salaries and Fringe Benefits/statistics \& numerical data, Social Work/standards/statistics \& numerical data, United States/epidemiology, Women, Working/statistics \& numerical data}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {6586, title = {Effects of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions}, journal = {The Journal of Pediatrics}, year = {2020}, month = {Jan-05-2020}, keywords = {COVID-19, early childhood development, Parenting, policy}, issn = {00223476}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.020}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022347620306065}, author = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Wuermli, Alice J. and Britto, Pia Rebello and Dreyer, Benard and Leckman, James F. and Lye, Stephen J. and Ponguta, Liliana Angelica and Richter, Linda M. and Stein, Alan} } @article {5121, title = {Experimental impacts of a teacher professional development program in Chile on preschool classroom quality and child outcomes}, journal = {Dev Psychol}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, year = {2015}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Leyva, Diana
Snow, Catherine E
Trevino, Ernesto
Barata, M Clara
Weiland, Christina
Gomez, Celia J
Moreno, Lorenzo
Rolla, Andrea
D{\textquoteright}Sa, Nikhit
Arbour, Mary Catherine
eng
Comparative Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2015/02/24 06:00
Dev Psychol. 2015 Mar;51(3):309-22. doi: 10.1037/a0038785.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {309-22}, abstract = {We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moderate to large positive impacts on observed emotional and instructional support as well as classroom organization in prekindergarten classrooms after 1 year of the program. After 2 years of the program, moderate positive impacts were observed on emotional support and classroom organization. No significant program impacts on child outcomes were detected at posttest (1 marginal effect, an increase in a composite of self-regulation and low problem behaviors, was observed). Professional development for preschool teachers in Chile can improve classroom quality. More intensive curricular approaches are needed for these improvements to translate into effects on children.}, keywords = {*Education, Continuing, *Faculty, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Chile, Education/standards, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Improvement, Schools, Nursery/*standards, Teaching/*methods/standards}, isbn = {1939-0599 (Electronic)
0012-1649 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Leyva, D. and Snow, C. E. and Trevino, E. and Barata, M. C. and Weiland, C. and Gomez, C. J. and Moreno, L. and Rolla, A. and D{\textquoteright}Sa, N. and Arbour, M. C.} } @article {5096, title = {Long-term effects of early childhood programs on social outcomes and delinquency}, journal = {Future Child}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, note = {Yoshikawa, H
eng
Review
1995/01/01 00:00
Future Child. 1995 Winter;5(3):51-75.}, month = {Winter}, pages = {51-75}, abstract = {The search for ways to prevent juvenile crime in the United States has become a matter of national urgency, as the incidence of serious offenses continues to rise. Most prevention initiatives focus on late childhood or adolescence. Such initiatives may be missing an important additional opportunity to intervene earlier in children{\textquoteright}s lives. This review of literature from criminology, psychology, and education shows that there exist key early childhood factors which are associated with later antisocial or delinquent behavior and that early childhood programs which seek to ameliorate the effects of those factors can prevent later antisocial or delinquent behavior. In particular, the review focuses on programs which have demonstrated long-term effects on antisocial behavior or delinquency. These programs have in common a combination of intensive family support and early education services, and effects on a broad range of child and family risk factors for delinquency. Moreover, there is promising evidence of their cost-effectiveness. As one element in a comprehensive plan to address poverty and other environmental causes of crime, programs combining family support with early education show promise in lessening the current devastating impact of delinquency on America{\textquoteright}s children and families.}, keywords = {*Personality Development, *Social Adjustment, Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder/prevention \& control/psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Crime/prevention \& control/psychology/trends, Early Intervention (Education)/*trends, Family Therapy/trends, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, Juvenile Delinquency/*prevention \& control/psychology/trends, Male, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), United States}, isbn = {1054-8289 (Print)
1054-8289 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H.} } @article {5116, title = {Child development and public policy: toward a dynamic systems perspective}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {72}, number = {6}, year = {2001}, note = {Yoshikawa, H
Hsueh, J
eng
2002/01/05 10:00
Child Dev. 2001 Nov-Dec;72(6):1887-903.}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1887-903}, abstract = {Little theoretical work exists that proposes general mechanisms for how public policies may influence child development. This article argues that dynamic systems theories may be useful in illuminating such processes, as well as highlighting gaps in current research at the intersection of public policy analysis and developmental science. A brief review of dynamic systems theories as they are currently utilized in other areas of developmental science is provided, as well as a statement of why they may help advance research in public policy and child development. Five principles of dynamic systems theories are presented and discussed using examples from research that address the question, "How do current antipoverty and welfare reform policies affect children?" Also presented are examples of hypotheses and research questions that each principle may generate for future work. The concluding section presents challenges that each principle poses for research methodology, and potential uses of the dynamic systems approach for developing and integrating policy and program initiatives.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Public Policy, Child, Humans}, isbn = {0009-3920 (Print)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Hsueh, J.} } @article {5111, title = {Access to institutional resources as a measure of social exclusion: relations with family process and cognitive development in the context of immigration}, journal = {New Dir Child Adolesc Dev}, volume = {2008}, number = {121}, year = {2008}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Godfrey, Erin B
Rivera, Ann C
eng
Comparative Study
2008/09/17 09:00
New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2008 Fall;2008(121):63-86. doi: 10.1002/cd.223.}, month = {Fall}, pages = {63-86}, abstract = {Few studies have examined how experiences associated with being an undocumented immigrant parent affects children{\textquoteright}s development. In this article, the authors apply social exclusion theory to examine how access to institutional resources that require identification may matter for parents and children in immigrant families. As hypothesized, groups with higher proportions of undocumented parents in New York City (e.g., Mexicans compared to Dominicans) reported lower levels of access to checking accounts, savings accounts, credit, and drivers{\textquoteright} licenses. Lack of access to such resources, in turn, was associated with higher economic hardship and psychological distress among parents, and lower levels of cognitive ability in their 24-month-old children.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Emigrants and Immigrants, *Parents, Acculturation, Adult, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Dominican Republic, Eligibility Determination/*statistics \& numerical data, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Services Accessibility/statistics \& numerical data, Hispanic Americans/*statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, mexico, New York City, Poverty/*statistics \& numerical data, Sampling Studies, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires}, isbn = {1534-8687 (Electronic)
1520-3247 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Godfrey, E. B. and Rivera, A. C.} } @article {5131, title = {Commentary: New Directions in Developmentally Informed Intervention Research for Vulnerable Populations}, journal = {Child Dev}, volume = {88}, number = {2}, year = {2017}, note = {Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Whipps, Mackenzie D M
Rojas, Natalia M
eng
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
2017/02/06 06:00
Child Dev. 2017 Mar;88(2):459-465. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12736. Epub 2017 Feb 3.}, month = {Mar}, pages = {459-465}, abstract = {This special section of Child Development brings together experts in developmental science and intervention research to incorporate current evidence on resilience for vulnerable populations and give concrete suggestions for action and research. This commentary synthesizes the contributions of the articles, noting themes such as simultaneous attention to multiple risk, protective, and promotive processes; integrating new principles from clinical and therapeutic interventions; and adapting intervention approaches for new populations. It then describes additional directions for interventions to maximize resilience, including approaches that address social psychological processes, issues related to demographic and other forms of diversity, policy-related individual behaviors, and sequenced interventions across the life span. It also gives suggestions for integrating implementation science on expansion and scale with behavioral intervention science.}, keywords = {*Child Development, Child, Humans, Psychotherapy/*methods, Vulnerable Populations/*psychology}, isbn = {1467-8624 (Electronic)
0009-3920 (Linking)}, author = {Yoshikawa, H. and Whipps, M. D. and Rojas, N. M.} } @article {4116, title = {Implementation research for early childhood development programming in humanitarian contexts}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1419}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-05-2018}, pages = {90 - 101}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.2018.1419.issue-110.1111/nyas.13691}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nyas.2018.1419.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nyas.13691http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/nyas.13691/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fnyas.13691}, author = {Murphy, Katie Maeve and Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Wuermli, Alice J.}, editor = {Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Aboud, Frances E. and Nores, Milagros and Britto, Pia R.} } @article {5771, title = {ANYAS special Issue | Implementation research and practice for early childhood development 2018i}, year = {2018}, keywords = {early childhood development}, url = {https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17496632/2018/1419/1}, author = {Yousafzai, A. and Aboud, F. E. and Nores, M. and Britto, P. R.} } @article {6139, title = {Measuring the cost of investing in early childhood interventions and applications of a standardized costing tool}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1419}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-05-2018}, pages = {74 - 89}, keywords = {early childhood development; early childhood education; costs; quality; financing}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.2018.1419.issue-110.1111/nyas.13679}, url = {https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.13679}, author = {Gustafsson-Wright, Emily and Boggild-Jones, Izzy}, editor = {Yousafzai, Aisha K. and Aboud, Frances E. and Nores, Milagros and Britto, Pia R.} } @article {6091, title = {LEAPS: a strategy to benefit young children and youth}, journal = {Early Childhood Matters}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Bernard van Leer Foundation}, address = {Hague, The Netherlands}, keywords = {early childhood care and education, Pakistan, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), youth development}, url = {https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/2019/leaps-a-strategy-to-benefit-young-children-and-youth/}, author = {Yousafzai, A. and Rasheed, M. A. and Siyal, S. and Franchett, E. and Sudfeld, C. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, C. and Fink, G.} } @article {5939, title = {Effectiveness of a youth-led early childhood care and education programme in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, year = {2018}, note = {1932-6203
Yousafzai, Aisha K
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-8923
Rasheed, Muneera A
Rizvi, Arjumand
Shaheen, Fariha
Ponguta, Liliana A
Reyes, Chin R
Journal Article
United States
PLoS One. 2018 Dec 19;13(12):e0208335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208335. eCollection 2018.}, pages = {e0208335}, edition = {2018/12/20}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The United Nation{\textquoteright}s Sustainable Development Goals encompass lifelong learning from birth to youth to adulthood (Goal 4) and economic opportunities for young people (Goal 8). The targets include improving access to quality early childhood care and education (ECCE) as well as learning and training opportunities for adolescents and youth. Cross-generational models for young children and youth may offer opportunities to address the interconnections between goals and targets for the next generation. We investigated whether an ECCE programme for young children (3.5-6.5 years) delivered by female youth (18-24 years) in rural Pakistan would be effective on children{\textquoteright}s school readiness. METHODS: In partnership with the National Commission for Human Development in Pakistan, we implemented the {\textquoteright}Youth Leaders for Early Childhood Assuring Children are Prepared for School{\textquoteright} (LEAPS) programme to train female youth to deliver ECCE. The effectiveness of the LEAPS programme on children{\textquoteright}s school readiness was evaluated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial. We randomly allocated five clusters (villages) to receive the intervention (n = 170 children) and five clusters to control (n = 170 children). Children{\textquoteright}s school readiness was assessed after nine months of intervention exposure using the International Development and Early Learning Assessment tool. Analyses was by intention-to-treat. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02645162. FINDINGS: At endline, the intervention group had significantly higher school readiness scores (n = 166, mean percentage score 59.4, 95\% CI 52.7 to 66.2) compared with the control group (n = 168, mean percentage score 45.5, 95\% CI 38.8 to 52.3). The effect size (Cohen{\textquoteright}s d) was 0.3. CONCLUSION: Trained female youth delivered an ECCE programme that was effective in benefitting young children{\textquoteright}s school readiness. The cross-generational model is a promising approach to support early child development; however, further evaluation of the model is needed to assess the specific benefits to youth including their skills and economic development.}, isbn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0208335}, author = {Yousafzai, A. K. and Rasheed, M. A. and Rizvi, A. and Shaheen, F. and Ponguta, L. A. and Reyes, C. R.} } @article {5938, title = {Review of implementation processes for integrated nutrition and psychosocial stimulation interventions}, journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci}, volume = {1308}, year = {2014}, note = {1749-6632
Yousafzai, Aisha K
Aboud, Frances
Journal Article
Review
United States
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Jan;1308:33-45. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12313. Epub 2013 Dec 26.}, month = {Jan}, pages = {33-45}, edition = {2014/01/01}, abstract = {This article reviews the implementation processes for interventions that integrate nutrition and psychosocial stimulation for children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. We examine the content of these programs, the delivery strategy, intensity and duration, personnel training and supervision, compliance, and fidelity. A systematic search of the Global Health Ovid database yielded 1020 articles, of which 29 fit the criteria, and two further studies recently completed were reported by author communication. Some of these articles describe efficacy or effectiveness studies where nutritional supplements or education along with psychosocial stimulation experiences or education were delivered directly to children or their caregivers. Other papers describe large-scale programs, such as conditional cash transfers in Latin America, Integrated Child Development Services preschools in India, and World Bank collaborations with national governments in Africa. A summary table of the implementation processes of the 31 programs is included. We conclude with a set of recommendations summarizing what we know so far regarding best practices for integrative programs.}, keywords = {*Child Development, *Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Child, Preschool, compliance, delivery strategies, Developing Countries, dosage, Early Intervention (Education), Early Medical Intervention, fidelity, Global Health, Humans, implementation processes, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Social Support}, isbn = {0077-8923}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.12313}, author = {Yousafzai, A. K. and Aboud, F.} } @article {2166, title = {A Paternal-fetal Attachment Pilot Intervention on Mental Health for Pregnant Mothers}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods are associated with very important psychological and physiological changes, sometimes associated with pathological changes. Spouses{\textquoteright} participation is one of the effective factors in promoting the mental health of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal-fetal attachment pilot intervention on perceived mental health and perceived attachment to fetus. We implemented a paternal-fetal attachment pilot intervention designed to promote the mental health of pregnant women. We used an experimental pretest/posttest study design to evaluate the impact of paternal-fetal attachment that resulted in a hospital-affiliated prenatal centre, before and after pilot implementation. As hypothesised, perceived mental health and perceived attachment to fetus increased in the intervention group, but not in the control group. The pilot intervention that we set up in this study was effective for promoting mental health in pregnant mothers.}, keywords = {intervention, Mental Health, Paternal-Fetal Attachment, Pregnant Mothers}, doi = {10.14704/nq.2018.16.1.1162}, url = {https://www.neuroquantology.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1162}, author = {Limei Yuan and Zhenrong Gu and Hui Peng and Lijun Zhao} } @article {5959, title = {The history of The Culture of Peace}, year = {1999}, url = {http://www.fund-culturadepaz.org/doc/HistoryCultureofPeace.pdf}, author = {Zaragoza, F.M.} } @inbook {589, title = {A Skeptics View}, booktitle = {Culture and Negotiation: The Resolution of Water Disputes}, year = {1993}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, organization = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, url = {https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/culture-and-negotiation/book4234}, author = {I. W. Zartman}, editor = {G. Faure and J. Rubin} } @article {7203, title = {State of Babies Yearbook: 2021 (US)}, year = {2021}, institution = {Zero to Three}, keywords = {early childhood care and education}, url = {https://stateofbabies.org/}, author = {ZEROtoTHREE} } @article {469, title = {Epigenetics and the environmental regulation of the genome and its function.}, journal = {Annu Rev Psychol}, volume = {61}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {439-66, C1-3}, abstract = {

There are numerous examples in psychology and other disciplines of the enduring effects of early experience on neural function. In this article, we review the emerging evidence for epigenetics as a candidate mechanism for these effects. Epigenetics refers to functionally relevant modifications to the genome that do not involve a change in nucleotide sequence. Such modifications include chemical marks that regulate the transcription of the genome. There is now evidence that environmental events can directly modify the epigenetic state of the genome. Thus studies with rodent models suggest that during both early development and in adult life, environmental signals can activate intracellular pathways that directly remodel the \"epigenome,\" leading to changes in gene expression and neural function. These studies define a biological basis for the interplay between environmental signals and the genome in the regulation of individual differences in behavior, cognition, and physiology.

}, keywords = {Animals, DNA Methylation, Environment, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Genome, Genomic Imprinting, Humans, Maternal Behavior}, issn = {1545-2085}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163625}, author = {Zhang, Tie-Yuan and Meaney, Michael J} } @article {6005, title = {Leaving the youngest behind: Declining aid to early childhood education}, year = {2019}, institution = {UNICEF}, keywords = {children at risk, Early childhood education, pre-primary education}, url = {https://theirworld.org/resources/detail/leaving-the-youngest-behind}, author = {Zubairi, A. and Rose, P. and Moriarty, K.} }